Digital Commons Network^™

Application Of Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning For Hiv Prevention Interventions, Yang Xiang, Jingcheng Du, Kayo Fujimoto, Fang Li, John Schneider, Cui Tao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In 2019, the US Government announced its goal to end the HIV epidemic within 10 years, mirroring the initiatives set forth by UNAIDS. Public health prevention interventions are a crucial part of this ambitious goal. However, numerous challenges to this goal exist, including improving HIV awareness, increasing early HIV infection detection, ensuring rapid treatment, optimising resource distribution, and providing efficient prevention services for vulnerable populations. Artificial intelligence has had a pivotal role in revolutionising health care and has shown great potential in developing effective HIV prevention intervention strategies. Although artificial intelligence has been used in a few HIV prevention intervention …

Methodology To Estimate Natural- And Vaccine-Induced Antibodies To Sars-Cov-2 In A Large Geographic Region, Stacia M Desantis, Luis G León-Novelo, Michael D Swartz, Ashraf S Yaseen, Melissa A Valerio-Shewmaker, Yashar Talebi, Frances A Brito, Jessica A Ross, Harold W Kohl, Sarah E Messiah, Steve H Kelder, Leqing Wu, Shiming Zhang, Kimberly A Aguillard, Michael O Gonzalez, Onyinye S Omega-Njemnob, David Lakey, Jennifer A Shuford, Stephen Pont, Eric Boerwinkle

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Accurate estimates of natural and/or vaccine-induced antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 are difficult to obtain. Although model-based estimates of seroprevalence have been proposed, they require inputting unknown parameters including viral reproduction number, longevity of immune response, and other dynamic factors. In contrast to a model-based approach, the current study presents a data-driven detailed statistical procedure for estimating total seroprevalence (defined as antibodies from natural infection or from full vaccination) in a region using prospectively collected serological data and state-level vaccination data. Specifically, we conducted a longitudinal statewide serological survey with 88,605 participants 5 years or older with 3 prospective blood draws beginning …

Determinants Of Social Distancing Adherence, Philip Gerretsen, Julia Kim, Eric E Brown, Lena C Quilty, Samantha Wells, Fernando Caravaggio, Jianmeng Song, Marcos Sanches, Branka Agic, Bruce G Pollock, Ariel Graff-Guerrero

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Governments and public health authorities across many jurisdictions implemented social (physical) distancing measures to contain the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Adherence to these measures is variable and likely influenced by various factors. This study aimed to 1) identify the individual sociodemographic, COVID-19 and social distancing related, and psychological determinants of social distancing adherence, and 2) explore regional differences in social distancing adherence in the United States (U.S.) and English-speaking Canada based on each region's discrepant response to social distancing restrictions.

Methods: A web-based repeated cross-sectional survey was conducted in 4,942 English-speaking participants from the four …

Loss Of Mmr And Tgfbr2 Increases The Susceptibility To Microbiota-Dependent Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer, Elena Tosti, Ana S Almeida, Tam T T Tran, Mariel Barbachan E Silva, Pilib Ó Broin, Robert Dubin, Ken Chen, Amanda P Beck, Andrew S Mclellan, Eduardo Vilar, Aaron Golden, Paul W O'Toole, Winfried Edelmann

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background and aims: Mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes are causative in Lynch syndrome and a significant proportion of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs). MMR-deficient (dMMR) CRCs display increased mutation rates, with mutations frequently accumulating at short repetitive DNA sequences throughout the genome (microsatellite instability). The TGFBR2 gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in dMMR CRCs. Therefore, we generated an animal model to study how the loss of both TGFBR2 signaling impacts dMMR-driven intestinal tumorigenesis in vivo and explore the impact of the gut microbiota.

Methods: We generated VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice in which Msh2loxP and Tgfbr2loxP alleles are …

Mean Lifetime Survival Estimates Following Solid Organ Transplantation In The Us And Uk, Christopher N Graham, Crystal Watson, Arie Barlev, Matt Stevenson, Vikas R Dharnidharka

Open Access Publications

AIMS: Accurately estimating mean survival after solid organ transplant (SOT) is crucial for efficient healthcare resource allocation decisions. However, registry-based post-transplant recipient survival estimates vary greatly and are incomplete. Often, the methods used in lifetime survival extrapolation may not fit complex transplant data and therefore alternative methods are required. We aimed to explore the flexible cubic spline methodology as a meaningful alternative for estimating lifetime survival following SOT.

METHODS: Survival analyses were conducted in kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplant recipients. Mean survival was estimated using flexible cubic splines on the hazard scale fitted with three knots, based on where …

Nia Long Life Family Study: Objectives, Design, And Heritability Of Cross-Sectional And Longitudinal Phenotypes, Mary K. Wojczynski, Shiow Jiuan Lin, Paola Sebastiani, Thomas T. Perls, Joseph Lee, Alexander Kulminski, Anne Newman, Joe M. Zmuda, Kaare Christensen, Michael A. Province

Open Access Publications

The NIA Long Life Family Study (LLFS) is a longitudinal, multicenter, multinational, population-based multigenerational family study of the genetic and nongenetic determinants of exceptional longevity and healthy aging. The Visit 1 in-person evaluation (2006-2009) recruited 4 953 individuals from 539 two-generation families, selected from the upper 1% tail of the Family Longevity Selection Score (FLoSS, which quantifies the degree of familial clustering of longevity). Demographic, anthropometric, cognitive, activities of daily living, ankle-brachial index, blood pressure, physical performance, and pulmonary function, along with serum, plasma, lymphocytes, red cells, and DNA, were collected. A Genome Wide Association Scan (GWAS) (Ilumina Omni 2.5M …

Prediction Of Fluid Intelligence From T1-W Mri Images: A Precise Two-Step Deep Learning Framework, Mingliang Li, Mingfeng Jiang, Guangming Zhang, Yujun Liu, Xiaobo Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Neurocognitive Prediction Challenge (ABCD-NP-Challenge) is a community-driven competition that challenges competitors to develop algorithms to predict fluid intelligence scores from T1-w MRI images. In this work, a two-step deep learning pipeline is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of fluid intelligence scores. In terms of the first step, the main contributions of this study include the following: (1) the concepts of the residual network (ResNet) and the squeeze-and-excitation network (SENet) are utilized to improve the original 3D U-Net; (2) in the segmentation process, the pixels in symmetrical brain regions are assigned the same label; …

The Value Of Peer Support In Curbing Moral Injury: A Resident’S Perspective, May W Chen, Jennifer K Lee, Gilbert Vezina, Aylin Tekes, Jamie Perin, Ruoying Li, Alexandra O'Kane, Meaghan Mcgowan, Taeun Chang, Charlamaine Parkinson, Colleen Krein, Tareq Al-Shargabi, Frances J Northington, Ken M Brady, An N Massaro, Rathinaswamy B Govindan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Identifying the hemodynamic range that best supports cerebral perfusion using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) autoregulation monitoring is a potential physiologic marker for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) during therapeutic hypothermia. However, an optimal autoregulation monitoring algorithm has not been identified for neonatal clinical medicine. We tested whether the hemoglobin volume phase (HVP), hemoglobin volume (HVx), and pressure passivity index (PPI) identify changes in autoregulation that are associated with brain injury on MRI or death. The HVP measures the phase difference between a NIRS metric of cerebral blood volume, the total hemoglobin (THb), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) at the frequency …

Evaluation Of Medical Services From The Perspective Of Covid-19 Vaccine Demand Satisfaction In Hangzhou, China, Mingjun Cheng, Yunchen Zhu, Peili Cen, Shan Huang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a huge global impact, and it continues to test the resilience of medical services to emergencies worldwide. In the current post-epidemic era, vaccination has become a highly effective strategy to prevent the spread of COVID-19. However, using conventional mathematical models to evaluate the spatial distribution of medical resources, including vaccination, ignore people's behaviors and choices and make simplifications to the real world. In this study, we use an enhanced model based on the Theory of People Behavior (TPB) to perform a macro analysis of the satisfaction ability of medical resources for vaccination in Hangzhou, …

Update On Mri In Evaluation And Treatment Of Endometrial Cancer, Ekta Maheshwari, Stephanie Nougaret, Erica B Stein, Gaiane M Rauch, Ken-Pin Hwang, R Jason Stafford, Ann H Klopp, Pamela T Soliman, Katherine E Maturen, Andrea G Rockall, Susanna I Lee, Elizabeth A Sadowski, Aradhana M Venkatesan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Endometrial cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer worldwide and the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States, with an increasing incidence in high-income countries. Although the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system for endometrial cancer is a surgical staging system, contemporary published evidence-based data and expert opinions recommend MRI for treatment planning as it provides critical diagnostic information on tumor size and depth, extent of myometrial and cervical invasion, extrauterine extent, and lymph node status, all of which are essential in choosing the most appropriate therapy. Multiparametric MRI using a combination of T2-weighted sequences, …

Effect Of Acute Postsurgical Pain Trajectories On 30-Day And 1-Year Pain, Saria S Awadalla, Victoria Winslow, Michael S. Avidan, Simon Haroutounian, Thomas G. Kannampallil

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Untreated pain after surgery leads to poor patient satisfaction, longer hospital length of stay, lower health-related quality of life, and non-compliance with rehabilitation regimens. The aim of this study is to characterize the structure of acute pain trajectories during the postsurgical hospitalization period and quantify their association with pain at 30-days and 1-year after surgery. This cohort study included 2106 adult (≥18 years) surgical patients who consented to participate in the SATISFY-SOS registry (February 1, 2015 to September 30, 2017). Patients were excluded if they did not undergo invasive surgeries, were classified as outpatients, failed to complete follow up assessments …

Fluorescence Imaging Of Beta Cell Primary Cilia, Zipeng A Li, Jung Hoon Cho, Louis G Woodhams, Jing W Hughes

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Primary cilia are slender cell-surface organelles that project into the intercellular space. In pancreatic beta cells, primary cilia coordinate a variety of cell responses including GPCR signaling, calcium influx, and insulin secretion, along with likely many underappreciated roles in islet development and differentiation. To study cilia function in islet biology, direct visualization of primary cilia by microscopic methods is often a necessary first step. Ciliary abundance, distribution, and morphology are heterogeneous among islet cells and are best visualized by fluorescence microscopy, the tools for which are readily accessible to most researchers. Here we present a collection of fluorescence imaging methods …

Automatic Wide Complex Tachycardia Differentiation Using Mathematically Synthesized Vectorcardiogram Signals, Anthony H Kashou, Sarah Lococo, Trevon D Mcgill, Christopher M Evenson, Abhishek J Deshmukh, David O Hodge, Daniel H Cooper, Sandeep S Sodhi, Phillip S Cuculich, Samuel J Asirvatham, Peter A Noseworthy, Christopher V Desimone, Adam M May

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Automated wide complex tachycardia (WCT) differentiation into ventricular tachycardia (VT) and supraventricular wide complex tachycardia (SWCT) may be accomplished using novel calculations that quantify the extent of mean electrical vector changes between the WCT and baseline electrocardiogram (ECG). At present, it is unknown whether quantifying mean electrical vector changes within three orthogonal vectorcardiogram (VCG) leads (X, Y, and Z leads) can improve automated VT and SWCT classification.

METHODS: A derivation cohort of paired WCT and baseline ECGs was used to derive five logistic regression models: (i) one novel WCT differentiation model (i.e., VCG Model), (ii) three previously developed WCT …

Screening For Balance In Children And Adults In A Community Science Education Setting: Normative Data, Influence Of Age, Sex, And Body Mass Index, And Feasibility, Phyllis Friello, Nathan Silver, Haleh Sangi-Haghpeykar, Helen S Cohen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Screening standing and walking balance is useful for people suspected of having vestibular disorders, a variety of neurologic and musculoskeletal disorders, and for screening astronauts returning after exposure to microgravity. Visitors to a community science education center children and adults, aged 4 to 85, were tested on tandem walking with eyes closed and the modified Romberg test on compliant foam. They were then asked about their experience participating in research, many people for the first time.

METHODS: Subjects performed 10 steps of tandem walking with eyes closed, and three trials of the modified Romberg, or Clinical Test of Sensory …

Spatially Distributed Infection Increases Viral Load In A Computational Model Of Sars-Cov-2 Lung Infection, Melanie E. Moses, Steven Hofmeyr, Judy L. Cannon, Akil Andrews, Rebekah Gridley, Monica Hinga, Kirtus Leyba, Abigail Pribisova, Vanessa Surjadidjaja, Humayra Tasnim, Stephanie Forrest

Pathology Research and Scholarship

A key question in SARS-CoV-2 infection is why viral loads and patient outcomes vary dramatically across individuals. Because spatial-temporal dynamics of viral spread and immune response are challenging to study in vivo, we developed Spatial Immune Model of Coronavirus (SIMCoV), a scalable computational model that simulates hundreds of millions of lung cells, including respiratory epithelial cells and T cells. SIMCoV replicates viral growth dynamics observed in patients and shows how spatially dispersed infections can lead to increased viral loads. The model also shows how the timing and strength of the T cell response can affect viral persistence, oscillations, and control. …

Skin Bacterial Metacommunities Of San Francisco Bay Area Salamanders Are Structured By Host Genus And Habitat Quality., Shannon Buttimer, Obed Hernandez-Gomez, Erica Bree Rosenblum

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Faculty Scholarship

Host-associated microbial communities can influence physiological processes of macroorganisms, including contributing to infectious disease resistance. For instance, some bacteria that live on amphibian skin produce antifungal compounds that inhibit two lethal fungal pathogens, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). Therefore, differences in microbiome composition among host species or populations within a species can contribute to variation in susceptibility to Bd/Bsal. This study applies 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the skin bacterial microbiomes of three widespread terrestrial salamander genera native to the western United States. Using a metacommunity structure analysis, we identified dispersal barriers for these influential bacteria between salamander …

Can Repurposing Drugs Play A Role In Malaria Control?, Roland A. Cooper, Laura Kirkman

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Faculty Scholarship

Innovative drug treatments for malaria, optimally with novel targets, are needed to combat the threat of parasite drug resistance. As drug development efforts continue, there may be a role for a host-targeting, repurposed cancer drug administered together with an artemisinin combination therapy that was shown to improve the speed of recovery from a malaria infection.

Characterization Of Ovarian Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles By Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy., Nina M. Culum, Tyler T. Cooper, Gilles A. Lajoie, Thamara Dayarathna, Stephen H. Pasternak, Jiahui Liu, Yangxin Fu, Francois Lagugne-Labarthet, Lynne Marie Postovit

Chemistry Publications

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, owing to the fact that most cases are diagnosed at a late stage. To improve prognosis and reduce mortality, we must develop methods for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. A step towards early and non-invasive cancer diagnosis is through the utilization of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanoscale, membrane-bound vesicles that contain proteins and genetic material reflective of their parent cell. Thus, EVs secreted by cancer cells can be thought of as cancer biomarkers. In this paper, we present gold nanohole arrays for the capture of ovarian cancer (OvCa)-derived EVs and …

Impact Of Annual Versus Semiannual Mass Drug Administration With Ivermectin And Albendazole On Helminth Infections In Southeastern Liberia, Obiora A Eneanya, Lincoln Gankpala, Charles W Goss, Fatorma K Bolay, Gary J Weil, Peter U Fischer

Open Access Publications

We compared the impact of three rounds of annual and five rounds of semiannual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole plus ivermectin on helminthic infections in Liberia. Repeated annual cross-sectional community surveys were conducted between 2013 and 2019 in individuals of 5 years and older. Primary outcome was the change of infection prevalence estimates from baseline to month 36 (12 months after the last treatment). After three rounds of annual MDA, Wuchereria bancrofti circulating filarial antigen (CFA) and microfilaria (Mf) prevalence estimates decreased from 19.7% to 4.3% and from 8.6% to 0%, respectively; after semiannual MDA, CFA and Mf prevalences …

Bioengineered Models To Study Microenvironmental Regulation Of Glioblastoma Metabolism, Joseph Chen, Hyunchul Lee, Philipp Schmitt, Caleb J. Choy, Donald M. Miller, Brian J. Williams, Elaine L. Bearer, Hermann B. Frieboes

Pathology Research and Scholarship

Despite extensive research and aggressive therapies, glioblastoma (GBM) remains a central nervous system malignancy with poor prognosis. The varied histopathology of GBM suggests a landscape of differing microenvironments and clonal expansions, which may influence metabolism, driving tumor progression. Indeed, GBM metabolic plasticity in response to differing nutrient supply within these microenvironments has emerged as a key driver of aggressiveness. Additionally, emergent biophysical and biochemical interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are offering new perspectives on GBM metabolism. Perivascular and hypoxic niches exert crucial roles in tumor maintenance and progression, facilitating metabolic relationships between stromal and tumor cells. Alterations in extracellular …

Developing And Demonstrating The Viability And Availability Of The Multilevel Implementation Strategy For Syncope Optimal Care Through Engagement (Mission) Syncope App: Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Tool, Shiraz Amin, Vedant Gupta, Gaixin Du, Colleen Mcmullen, Matthew Sirrine, Mark V Williams, Susan S Smyth, Romil Chadha, Seth Stearley, Jing Li

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Syncope evaluation and management is associated with testing overuse and unnecessary hospitalizations. The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Syncope Guideline aims to standardize clinical practice and reduce unnecessary services. The use of clinical decision support (CDS) tools offers the potential to successfully implement evidence-based clinical guidelines. However, CDS tools that provide an evidence-based differential diagnosis (DDx) of syncope at the point of care are currently lacking.

OBJECTIVE: With input from diverse health systems, we developed and demonstrated the viability of a mobile app, the Multilevel Implementation Strategy for Syncope optImal care thrOugh eNgagement (MISSION) Syncope, as …

Reward Deficiency Syndrome (Rds): A Cytoarchitectural Common Neurobiological Trait Of All Addictions, Kenneth Blum, Abdalla Bowirrat, Eric R Braverman, David Baron, Jean Lud Cadet, Shan Kazmi, Igor Elman, Panyotis K Thanos, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, William B Downs, Debasis Bagchi, Luis Llanos-Gomez, Mark S Gold

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Alcohol and other substance use disorders share comorbidity with other RDS disorders, i.e., a reduction in dopamine signaling within the reward pathway. RDS is a term that connects addictive, obsessive, compulsive, and impulsive behavioral disorders. An estimated 2 million individuals in the United States have opioid use disorder related to prescription opioids. It is estimated that the overall cost of the illegal and legally prescribed opioid crisis exceeds one trillion dollars. Opioid Replacement Therapy is the most common treatment for addictions and other RDS disorders. Even after repeated relapses, patients are repeatedly prescribed the same opioid replacement treatments. A recent …

Positron Emission Tomography In The Covid-19 Pandemic Era, Chentao Jin, Xiaoyun Luo, Shufang Qian, Kai Zhang, Yuanxue Gao, Rui Zhou, Peili Cen, Zhoujiao Xu, Hong Zhang, Mei Tian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major public health problem worldwide since its outbreak in 2019. Currently, the spread of COVID-19 is far from over, and various complications have roused increasing awareness of the public, calling for novel techniques to aid at diagnosis and treatment. Based on the principle of molecular imaging, positron emission tomography (PET) is expected to offer pathophysiological alternations of COVID-19 in the molecular/cellular perspectives and facilitate the clinical management of patients. A number of PET-related cases and research have been reported on COVID-19 over the past one year. This article reviews the current studies of …

Approaches To Treat Sensorineural Hearing Loss By Hair-Cell Regeneration: The Current State Of Therapeutic Developments And Their Potential Impact On Audiological Clinical Practice, Ashley S. Hinton, Aizhen Yang-Hood, Angela D. Schrader, Christopher Loose, Kevin K. Ohlemiller, Will J. Mclean

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is typically a permanent and often progressive condition that is commonly attributed to sensory cell loss. All vertebrates except mammals can regenerate lost sensory cells. Thus, SNHL is currently only treated with hearing aids or cochlear implants. There has been extensive research to understand how regeneration occurs in nonmammals, how hair cells form during development, and what limits regeneration in maturing mammals. These studies motivated efforts to identify therapeutic interventions to regenerate hair cells as a treatment for hearing loss, with a focus on targeting supporting cells to form new sensory hair cells. The approaches include …

Molecular Markers Of Risk Of Subsequent Invasive Breast Cancer In Women With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Protocol For A Population-Based Cohort Study, Thomas E. Rohan, Mindy Ginsberg, Yihong Wang, Fergus J. Couch, Heather S. Feigelson, Robert T. Greenlee, Stacey Honda, Azadeh Stark, Dhananjay A. Chitale, Tao Wang, Xiaonan Xue, Maja H. Oktay, Joseph A. Sparano, Olivier Loudig

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Articles

INTRODUCTION: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a non-obligate precursor of invasive breast cancer (IBC). Many DCIS patients are either undertreated or overtreated. The overarching goal of the study described here is to facilitate detection of patients with DCIS at risk of IBC development. Here, we propose to use risk factor data and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) DCIS tissue from a large, ethnically diverse, population-based cohort of 8175 women with a first diagnosis of DCIS and followed for subsequent IBC to: identify/validate miRNA expression changes in DCIS tissue associated with risk of subsequent IBC; evaluate ipsilateral IBC risk …

Gem: Scalable And Flexible Gene-Environment Interaction Analysis In Millions Of Samples, Kenneth E Westerman, Duy T Pham, Liang Hong, Ye Chen, Magdalena Sevilla-González, Yun Ju Sung, Yan V Sun, Alanna C Morrison, Han Chen, Alisa K Manning

2020-Current year OA Pubs

MOTIVATION: Gene-environment interaction (GEI) studies are a general framework that can be used to identify genetic variants that modify the effects of environmental, physiological, lifestyle or treatment effects on complex traits. Moreover, accounting for GEIs can enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of complex diseases and traits. However, commonly used statistical software programs for GEI studies are either not applicable to testing certain types of GEI hypotheses or have not been optimized for use in large samples.

RESULTS: Here, we develop a new software program, GEM (Gene-Environment interaction analysis in Millions of samples), which supports the inclusion of multiple …

Feasibility Evaluation Of Metamaterial Microwave Sensors For Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring, Lukas Malena, Ondrej Fiser, Paul R. Stauffer, Tomas Drizdal, Jan Vrba, David Vrba

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

The use of microwave technology is currently under investigation for non-invasive estimation of glycemia in patients with diabetes. Due to their construction, metamaterial (MTM)-based sensors have the potential to provide higher sensitivity of the phase shift of the S21 parameter (∠S21 ) to changes in glucose concentration compared to standard microstrip transmission line (MSTL)-based sensors. In this study, a MSTL sensor and three MTM sensors with 5, 7, and 9 MTM unit cells are exposed to liquid phantoms with different dielectric properties mimicking a change in blood glucose concentration from 0 to 14 mmol/L. Numerical models were created for the …

Ovarian Cancer Epidemiology, Healthcare Access And Disparities (Orchid): Methodology For A Population-Based Study Of Black, Hispanic And White Patients With Ovarian Cancer, Tomi Akinyemiju, April Deveaux, Lauren Wilson, Anjali Gupta, Ashwini Joshi, Malcolm Bevel, Chioma Omeogu, Onyinye Ohamadike, Bin Huang, Maria Pisu, Margaret Liang, Molly Mcfatrich, Erin Daniell, Laura Jane Fish, Kevin Ward, Maria Schymura, Andrew Berchuck, Arnold L. Potosky

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Less than 40% of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) in the USA receive stage-appropriate guideline-adherent surgery and chemotherapy. Black patients with cancer report greater depression, pain and fatigue than white patients. Lack of access to healthcare likely contributes to low treatment rates and racial differences in outcomes. The Ovarian Cancer Epidemiology, Healthcare Access and Disparities study aims to characterise healthcare access (HCA) across five specific dimensions-Availability, Affordability, Accessibility, Accommodation and Acceptability-among black, Hispanic and white patients with OC, evaluate the impact of HCA on quality of treatment, supportive care and survival, and explore biological mechanisms that may contribute to …

A Guide For Authors And Readers Of The American Society For Nutrition Journals On The Proper Use Of P Values And Strategies That Promote Transparency And Improve Research Reproducibility, John D Sorkin, Mark Manary, Paul A M Smeets, Amanda J Macfarlane, Arne Astrup, Ronald L Prigeon, Beth B Hogans, Jack Odle, Teresa A Davis, Katherine L Tucker, Christopher P Duggan, Deirdre K Tobias

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Two questions regarding the scientific literature have become grist for public discussion: 1) what place should P values have in reporting the results of studies? 2) How should the perceived difficulty in replicating the results reported in published studies be addressed? We consider these questions to be 2 sides of the same coin; failing to address them can lead to an incomplete or incorrect message being sent to the reader. If P values (which are derived from the estimate of the effect size and a measure of the precision of the estimate of the effect) are used improperly, for example …

Development Of Food Pattern Recommendations For Infants And Toddlers 6-24 Months Of Age To Support The Dietary Guidelines For Americans, 2020-2025, Kathryn G Dewey, Tusarebecca Pannucci, Kellie O Casavale, Teresa A Davis, Sharon M Donovan, Ronald E Kleinman, Elsie M Taveras, Regan L Bailey, Rachel Novotny, Barbara O Schneeman, Jamie Stang, Janet De Jesus, Eve E Stoody

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Developing food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) for infants and toddlers is a complex task that few countries have attempted.

Objectives: Our objectives are to describe the process of food pattern modeling (FPM) conducted to develop FBDGs for the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 for infants 6 to <12 mo and toddlers 12 to <24 mo of age, as well as the implications of the results and areas needing further work.

Methods: The US 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, with the support of federal staff, conducted FPM analyses using 5 steps: 1) identified energy intake targets; 2) established nutritional goals; 3) identified food groupings and expected amounts, using 3 options for the amount of energy from human milk in each age interval; 4) estimated …