Digital Commons Network^™

Tca Metabolism Regulates Dna Hypermethylation In Lps And Mycobacterium Tuberculosis–Induced Immune Tolerance, Abhimanyu, Santiago Carrero Longlax, Tomoki Nishiguchi, Malik Ladki, Daanish Sheikh, Amera L Martinez, Emily M Mace, Sandra L Grimm, Thaleia Caldwell, Alexandra Portillo Varela, Rajagopal V Sekhar, Anna M Mandalakas, Mandla Mlotshwa, Sibuse Ginidza, Jeffrey D Cirillo, Robert S Wallis, Mihai G Netea, Reinout Van Crevel, Cristian Coarfa, Andrew R Dinardo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Severe and chronic infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, and tuberculosis (TB), induce long-lasting epigenetic changes that are associated with an increase in all-cause postinfectious morbidity and mortality. Oncology studies identified metabolic drivers of the epigenetic landscape, with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle acting as a central hub. It is unknown if the TCA cycle also regulates epigenetics, specifically DNA methylation, after infection-induced immune tolerance. The following studies demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide and Mycobacterium tuberculosis induce changes in DNA methylation that are mediated by the TCA cycle. Infection-induced DNA hypermethylation is mitigated by inhibitors of cellular metabolism (rapamycin, everolimus, metformin) and the TCA …

Human Epidemiology And Response To Sars-Cov-2 (Heros): Objectives, Design, And Enrollment Results Of A 12-City Remote Observational Surveillance Study Of Households With Children, Using Direct-To-Participant Methods, Patricia C Fulkerson, Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The Human Epidemiology and Response to SARS-CoV-2 (HEROS) Study is a prospective, multicity, 6-month incidence study conducted from May 2020 to February 2021. The objectives were to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and household transmission among children and people with asthma and allergic diseases, and to use the host nasal transcriptome sampled longitudinally to understand infection risk and sequelae at the molecular level. To overcome challenges of clinical study implementation due to the coronavirus pandemic, this surveillance study used direct-to-participant methods to remotely enroll and prospectively follow eligible children who are participants in other National Institutes of Health-funded pediatric …

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America On Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging Of Suspected Acute Intra-Abdominal Abscess In Adults, Children, And Pregnant People, Robert A Bonomo, Pranita D Tamma, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, Anthony W Chow, E Patchen Dellinger, Morven S Edwards, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Romney Humphries, Keith S Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This article is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this article, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute intra-abdominal abscess. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America On Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections: Risk Assessment, Diagnostic Imaging, And Microbiological Evaluation In Adults, Children, And Pregnant People, Robert A Bonomo, Anthony W Chow, Morven S Edwards, Romney Humphries, Pranita D Tamma, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, E Patchen Dellinger, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Keith S Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Sarah Pahlke, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

As the first part of an update to the clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the panel presents 21 updated recommendations. These recommendations span risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America On Complicated Intraabdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging Of Suspected Acute Cholecystitis And Acute Cholangitis In Adults, Children, And Pregnant People, Robert A Bonomo, Morven S Edwards, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, Anthony W Chow, E Patchen Dellinger, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Romney Humphries, Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Rodríguez-Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Pranita D Tamma, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This article is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intraabdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this article, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute cholecystitis and acute cholangitis. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America On Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging Of Suspected Acute Appendicitis In Adults, Children, And Pregnant People, Robert A Bonomo, Pranita D Tamma, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, Anthony W Chow, E Patchen Dellinger, Morven S Edwards, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Romney Humphries, Keith S Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute appendicitis. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America On Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections: Utility Of Blood Cultures In Adults, Children, And Pregnant People, Robert A Bonomo, Romney Humphries, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, Anthony W Chow, E Patchen Dellinger, Morven S Edwards, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Keith S Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Pranita D Tamma, Sarah Pahlke, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This article is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this guideline, the panel provides recommendations for obtaining blood cultures in patients with known or suspected intra-abdominal infection. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America On Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging Of Suspected Acute Diverticulitis In Adults And Pregnant People, Robert A Bonomo, Pranita D Tamma, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, Anthony W Chow, E Patchen Dellinger, Morven S Edwards, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Romney Humphries, Keith S Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute diverticulitis. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America On Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections: Risk Assessment In Adults And Children, Robert A Bonomo, Anthony W Chow, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, E Patchen Dellinger, Morven S Edwards, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Romney Humphries, Keith S Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Pranita D Tamma, Katelyn Donnelly, Dipleen Kaur, Jennifer Loveless

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides a recommendation for risk stratification according to severity of illness score. The panel's recommendation is based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adheres to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America On Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections: Utility Of Intra-Abdominal Fluid Cultures In Adults, Children, And Pregnant People, Robert A Bonomo, Romney Humphries, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, Anthony W Chow, E Patchen Dellinger, Morven S Edwards, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Keith S Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Pranita D Tamma, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for obtaining cultures of intra-abdominal fluid in patients with known or suspected intra-abdominal infection. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Penicillin Susceptibility Among Staphylococcus Aureus Skin And Soft Tissue Infections At A Children’S Hospital, J Chase Mcneil, Lauren M Sommer, Marritta Joseph, Kristina G Hulten, Sheldon L Kaplan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Shortly after its introduction into clinical practice, Staphylococcus aureus isolates gained resistance to penicillin via the acquisition of β-lactamases. A number of centers have recently described an increase in the proportion of invasive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), which are also susceptible to penicillin (PSSA). Little data are available regarding the prevalence or impact of PSSA in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). Community-acquired MSSA SSTI isolates were obtained through a surveillance study at Texas Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021. A total of 200 random isolates underwent PCR for blaZ β-lactamase; blaZ-negative isolates then underwent penicillin susceptibility …

Influenza C Virus In U.S. Children With Acute Respiratory Infection 2016-2019., Bethany K. Sederdahl, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Angela P. Campbell, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E. Schuster, Joana Y. Lively, Samantha M. Olson, Julie A. Boom, Pedro A. Piedra, Natasha B. Halasa, Laura Stewart, Peter G. Szilagyi, G K Balasubramani, Theresa Sax, Judith M. Martin, Robert W. Hickey, Marian G. Michaels, John V. Williams, New Vaccine Surveillance Network

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Influenza C virus (ICV) is an orthomyxovirus related to influenza A and B, yet due to few commercial assays, epidemiologic studies may underestimate incidence of ICV infection and disease. We describe the epidemiology and characteristics of ICV within the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-led network that conducts population-based surveillance for pediatric acute respiratory illness (ARI). Nasal or/combined throat swabs were collected from emergency department (ED) or inpatient ARI cases, or healthy controls, between 12/05/2016-10/31/2019 and tested by molecular assays for ICV and other respiratory viruses. Parent surveys and chart review were used …

Substance Use Emergency Department Visits Among Youths With Chronic Conditions During Covid-19., Faith Summersett Williams, Isabella Zaniletti, Abbey R. Masonbrink, Robert Garofalo, Maria Rahmandar, Niranjan S. Karnik, Geri Donenberg, Lisa Kuhns

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

IMPORTANCE: Pediatric emergency department (ED) visits for substance use (SU) increased during COVID-19. Better understanding of trends associated with SU ED visits among youths with a chronic medical condition (CMC) is needed to target SU screening, prevention, and intervention efforts in this population.

OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in pediatric SU ED visits before and during COVID-19 among youths in the US with and without CMCs and by race and ethnicity.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cohort study, data were obtained from 47 US children's hospital EDs in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) between March 1, 2018, and March …

Medical Students’ Self-Perceived Knowledge And Clinical Comfort With Genetics In Pakistan, Maheen Arshad, Angela Trepanier, S Shahrukh Hashmi, Rizwan Naeem, Saqib Mehmood, Myla Ashfaq

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Pakistan has a high rate of genetic disorders and neonatal mortality concurrent with noted lack of genetic counselors and geneticists. To meet the needs of the patient population, the responsibility of providing clinical genetic services falls on general and specialty physicians. However, their education regarding these essential services is not standardized in medical school curricula nor has it ever been evaluated. The purpose of this work is to describe the self-perceived knowledge, clinical comfort, and perspectives of Pakistani medical students toward their medical genetics' education. A web-based survey was distributed electronically to medical schools around the country. The survey comprised …

Viability Discrimination Of Bacterial Microbiomes In Home Kitchen Dish Sponges Using Propidium Monoazide Treatment, Christina K Carstens, Joelle K Salazar, Shreela Sharma, Wenyaw Chan, Charles Darkoh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Dish sponges are known to support the proliferation of human bacterial pathogens, yet they are commonly used by consumers. Exposure to foodborne pathogens via sponge use may lead to illness, a serious concern among susceptible populations. The extent of exposure risks from sponge use has been limited by constraints associated with culture-independent or dependent methods for bacterial community characterization. Therefore, five used dish sponges were characterized to evaluate the presence of viable bacterial foodborne pathogens using the novel application of propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment and targeted 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Select pathogen viability was confirmed using targeted selective enrichment. …

Impact Of Race And Ethnicity On Outcomes After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation, Karen Ballen, Tao Wang, Naya He, Jennifer M Knight, Sanghee Hong, Haydar Frangoul, Leo F Verdonck, Amir Steinberg, Miguel A Diaz, C Fred Lemaistre, Sherif M Badawy, Jeffrey J Pu, Hasan Hashem, Bipin Savani, Akshay Sharma, Hillard M Lazarus, Muhammad Bilal Abid, Jason Tay, Hemalatha G Rangarajan, Tamila Kindwall-Keller, Cesar O Freytes, Amer Beitinjaneh, Lena E Winestone, Usama Gergis, Nosha Farhadfar, Neel S Bhatt, Raquel M Schears, David Gómez-Almaguer, Mahmoud Aljurf, Vaibhav Agrawal, Yachiyo Kuwatsuka, Sachiko Seo, David I Marks, Leslie Lehmann, William A Wood, Shahrukh Hashmi, Wael Saber

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Umbilical cord blood transplant (UCBT) improves access to transplant for patients lacking a fully matched donor. Previous Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) showed that Black patients had a lower overall survival (OS) than White patients following single UCBT. The current study draws on a larger modern cohort and compares outcomes among White, Latinx, Black, and Asian patients.

Objective: To compare outcomes by social determinants of health.

Study design: We designed a retrospective study using CIBMTR data. US patients were between ages 1 and 80; 983 received single and 1529 double UCBT as reported to CIBMTR, …

Outcomes In Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Receiving Organs From A Donor With Fusarium Solani Species Complex Meningitis, Isabel S Griffin, Dallas J Smith, Pallavi Annambhotla, Jeremy A W Gold, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Carol A Kauffman, Lalitha Gade, Anastasia Litvintseva, Daniel Zp Friedman, Angie G Nishio Lucar, Tarina C Parpia, Joshua Lieberman, Janet Bujan, Julie Corkrean, Mukul K Divatia, Kevin Grimes, Jiejian Lin, Constance Mobley, Mary R Schwartz, Bashar Hannawi, Anne Malilay, Anne O'Boye, Jeffrey Lysne, Mrinalini Venkata Subramani, Hayley Heckmann, Venice Servellita, Charles Chiu, Sridhar V Basavaraju

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Five organs (heart, right lung, liver, right, and left kidneys) from a deceased patient were transplanted into five recipients in four US states; the deceased patient was identified as part of a healthcare-associated fungal meningitis outbreak among patients who underwent epidural anesthesia in Matamoros, Mexico.

Methods: After transplant surgeries occurred, Fusarium solani species complex, a fungal pathogen with a high case-mortality rate, was identified in cerebrospinal fluid from the organ donor by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and fungal-specific polymerase chain reaction and in plasma by mNGS.

Results: Four of five transplant recipients received recommended voriconazole prophylaxis; four were monitored …

Development Of An Engineered Extracellular Vesicles-Based Vaccine Platform For Combined Delivery Of Mrna And Protein To Induce Functional Immunity, Xin Luo, Kathleen M Mcandrews, Kent A Arian, Sami J Morse, Viktoria Boeker, Shreyasee V Kumbhar, Yingying Hu, Krishnan K Mahadevan, Kaira A Church, Sriram Chitta, Nicolas T Ryujin, Janine Hensel, Jianli Dai, Dara P Dowlatshahi, Hikaru Sugimoto, Michelle L Kirtley, Valerie S Lebleu, Shabnam Shalapour, Joe H Simmons, Raghu Kalluri

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

mRNA incorporated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) became a new class of vaccine modality for induction of immunity against COVID-19 and ushered in a new era in vaccine development. Here, we report a novel, easy-to-execute, and cost effective engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based combined mRNA and protein vaccine platform (EVX-M+P vaccine) and explore its utility in proof-of-concept immunity studies in the settings of cancer and infectious disease. As a first example, we engineered EVs, natural nanoparticle carriers shed by all cells, to contain ovalbumin mRNA and protein (EVOvaM+P vaccine) to serve as cancer vaccine against ovalbumin-expressing melanoma tumors. EVOvaM+P administration to mice …

Adherence To Hygiene Protocols And Doxycycline Therapy In Ameliorating Lymphatic Filariasis Morbidity In An Endemic Area Post-Interruption Of Disease Transmission In Ghana, Linda Batsa Debrah, Philip J Budge, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Filarial lymphedema (LE) remains a significant global problem despite the progress made toward elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF). In Ghana, the main approach to LF is preventive chemotherapy, but this has minimal impact on individuals who have already developed LE. In 2018-2020, a 24-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of stringent hygiene measures using the Essential Package of Care with or without additional administration of doxycycline (DOX) to improve filarial leg LE. This study enrolled 356 participants with LE stages 1-3 from two districts in the Upper East Region of Ghana. In addition to regular …

Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide-Based Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis Attenuates Disparity In Outcomes Between Use Of Matched Or Mismatched Unrelated Donors, Brian C Shaffer, Ramzi Abboud, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSEAccess to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains limited among persons of non-European ancestry if human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching is required. We evaluated whether post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy)-based graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis improved HCT outcomes with HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD) and mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD) HCT when compared with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based prophylaxis.METHODSThree-year overall survival (OS) and GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) were compared between adult recipients undergoing initial MUD or single HLA locus MMUD HCT with either PTCy- or CNI-based prophylaxis who were reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research between 2017 and 2021.RESULTSIncluded were 10,025 …

Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis Duration In Patients Undergoing Cystectomy With Urinary Diversion: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Maria C Thurnheer, Astrid Schürmann, Markus Huber, Jonas Marschall, Patrick Y Wuethrich, Fiona C Burkhard

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) reduces the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs). Guidelines recommend 24 hours or less of PAP for cystectomy with urinary diversion; however, evidence specifying optimal PAP duration for this surgery is lacking, and prolonged administration of PAP is common practice.

OBJECTIVE: To establish noninferiority of 24-hour PAP vs extended-duration PAP in preventing SSIs within 90 days after cystectomy with urinary diversion.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This single-center, noninferiority randomized clinical trial was performed from April 18, 2018, to August 18, 2022, in patients aged older than 18 years undergoing elective open cystectomy with urinary diversion. …

Body Mass Index And Postacute Sequelae Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection In Children And Young Adults, Ting Zhou, Chongliang Luo, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Obesity is associated with increased severity of COVID-19. Whether obesity is associated with an increased risk of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) among pediatric populations, independent of its association with acute infection severity, is unclear.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the association of body mass index (BMI) status before SARS-CoV-2 infection with pediatric PASC risk, controlling for acute infection severity.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study occurred at 26 US children's hospitals from March 2020 to May 2023 with a minimum follow-up of 179 days. Eligible participants included children and young adults aged 5 to 20 years with …

Hospital Strain During The Covid-19 Pandemic And Outcomes In Older Racial And Ethnic Minority Adults, Laurent G Glance, Karen E Joynt Maddox, Patricia W Stone, E Yoko Furuya, Jingjing Shang, Mark J Sorbero, Ashley Chastain, Stewart J Lustik, Andrew W Dick

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Marginalized populations have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Critically ill patients belonging to racial and ethnic minority populations treated in hospitals operating under crisis or near-crisis conditions may have experienced worse outcomes than White individuals.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether hospital strain was associated with worse outcomes for older patients hospitalized with sepsis and whether these increases in poor outcomes were greater for members of racial and ethnic minority groups compared with White individuals.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cross-sectional study, multivariable regression analysis was conducted to assess differential changes in all-cause 30-day mortality and major morbidity …

Evaluation Of Vancomycin Dose Needed To Achieve 24-Hour Area Under The Concentration-Time Curve To Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Ratio Greater Than Or Equal To 400 Using Pharmacometric Approaches In Pediatric Intensive Care Patients, Dawoon Jung, Omayma A Kishk, Adnan T Bhutta, Ginny E Cummings, Hana M El Sahly, Manpreet K Virk, Brady S Moffett, Jennifer L Morris Daniel, Amy Watanabe, Nicholas Fishbane, Karen L Kotloff, Kenan Gu, Varduhi Ghazaryan, Jogarao V S Gobburu, Ayse Akcan-Arikan, James D Campbell

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: To investigate which independent factor(s) have an impact on the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in critically ill children, develop an equation to predict the 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve from a trough concentration, and evaluate dosing regimens likely to achieve a 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration ratio (AUC24/MIC) greater than or equal to 400.

DESIGN: Prospective population pharmacokinetic study of vancomycin.

SETTING: Critically ill patients in quaternary care PICUs.

PATIENTS: Children 90 days old or older to younger than 18 years who received IV vancomycin treatment, irrespective of the indication for use, in the …

Metagenomic Study Of The Mesa: Detection Of Gemella Morbillorum And Association With Coronary Heart Disease, Kent D Taylor, Alexis C Wood, Jerome I Rotter, Xiuqing Guo, David M Herrington, W Craig Johnson, Wendy S Post, Russell P Tracy, Stephen S Rich, Shaista Malik

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a feature of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the role of proinflammatory microbial infection in CHD remains understudied.

METHODS AND RESULTS: CHD was defined in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) as myocardial infarction (251 participants), resuscitated arrest (2 participants), and CHD death (80 participants). We analyzed sequencing reads from 4421 MESA participants in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program using the PathSeq workflow of the Genome Analysis Tool Kit and a 65-gigabase microbial reference. Paired reads aligning to 840 microbes were detected in >1% of participants. The association of the …

Long Covid Among Undocumented Latino Immigrant Populations In The Emergency Department, Karen P Reyes, Zubaid Rafique, Brian Chinnock, Vijaya Arun Kumar, Michael Gottlieb, Kristin L Rising, Robert M Rodriguez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This cross-sectional study assesses the understanding of and access to care for long COVID symptoms among undocumented Latino immigrants in US emergency departments (EDs).

Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Gastroenteritis: 2009-2022, Alpha Oumar Diallo, Mary E Wikswo, Iddrisu Sulemana, Leila C Sahni, Julie A Boom, Sasirekha Ramani, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Mary E Moffatt, Christopher J Harrison, Natasha Halasa, James Chappell, Laura Stewart, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth Schlaudecker, Christina Quigley, Eileen J Klein, Janet A Englund, Danielle M Zerr, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Peter G Szilagyi, Christina Albertin, Samantha H Johnston, John V Williams, Marian G Michaels, Robert W Hickey, Aaron T Curns, Michelle Honeywood, Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Mathew D Esona, Michael D Bowen, Umesh D Parashar, Rashi Gautam, Sara A Mirza, Jacqueline E Tate

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Rotavirus was the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among US children until vaccine introduction in 2006, after which, substantial declines in severe rotavirus disease occurred. We evaluated rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) over 13 years (2009-2022).

Methods: We analyzed data from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network using a test-negative case-control design to estimate rotavirus VE against laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections among children seeking care for acute gastroenteritis (≥3 diarrhea or ≥1 vomiting episodes within 24 hours) in the emergency department (ED) or hospital. Case-patients and control-patients were children whose stool specimens tested rotavirus positive or negative, respectively, by enzyme immunoassay or …

Psychological Distress Among Ethnically Diverse Participants From Eastern And Southern Africa, Kester B B Tindi, Allan Kalungi, Eugene Kinyanda, Bizu Gelaye, Alicia R Martin, Ronald Galiwango, Wilber Ssembajjwe, Fred Kirumira, Adele Pretorius, Anne Stevenson, Charles R J C Newton, Dan J Stein, Elizabeth G Atkinson, Emanuel K Mwesiga, Joseph Kyebuzibwa, Lori B Chibnik, Lukoye Atwoli, Mark Baker, Melkam Alemayehu, Rehema M Mwende, Rocky E Stroud, Solomon Teferra, Stella Gichuru, Symon M Kariuki, Zukiswa Zingela, Moffat Nyirenda, Segun Fatumo, Dickens H Akena

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Psychological distress is characterized by anxiety and depressive symptoms. Although prior research has investigated the occurrence and factors associated with psychological distress in low- and middle-income countries, including those in Africa, these studies' findings are not very generalizable and have focused on different kinds of population groups.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics (sociodemographic, psychosocial, and clinical) associated with psychological distress among African participants.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This case-control study analyzed data of participants in the Neuropsychiatric Genetics in African Populations-Psychosis (NeuroGAP-Psychosis) study, which recruited from general outpatient clinics in Eastern (Uganda, Kenya, and Ethiopia) and Southern …

Enhancing Recovery: Surgical Techniques And Rehabilitation Strategies After Direct Anterior Hip Arthroplasty, Alberto Di Martino, Christopher Keating, Micahel J. Butsick, Daniela Platano, Lisa Berti, Louis N. Hunter, Cesare Faldini

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common surgical procedure for hip joint pathologies, with the direct anterior approach (DAA) gaining popularity due to potential benefits in postoperative recovery. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of rehabilitation strategies following DAA THA, focusing on surgical techniques, postoperative care, and outcomes. The evolution of the DAA to THA is discussed, highlighting historical advancements and comparisons with other surgical approaches. Surgical techniques and considerations specific to the DAA are detailed, including outcomes and complications compared to alternative approaches. The role of the surgical technique in influencing postoperative rehabilitation is explored, emphasizing the …

Assessing The Response Results Of An Mhealth-Based Patient Experience Survey Among People Receiving Hiv Care In Lusaka, Zambia: Cohort Study, Jacob Mutale, Kombatende Sikombe, Boroma Mwale, Mwansa Lumpa, Sandra Simbeza, Chama Bukankala, Njekwa Mukamba, Aaloke Mody, Laura K Beres, Charles B Holmes, Carolyn Bolton Moore, Elvin H Geng, Izukanji Sikazwe, Jake M Pry

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: This pilot study evaluates the effectiveness of mobile talk-time incentives in maintaining participation in a longitudinal mobile health (mHealth) data collection program among people living with HIV in Lusaka, Zambia. While mHealth tools, such as mobile phone surveys, provide vital health feedback, optimal incentive strategies to ensure long-term engagement remain limited. This study explores how different incentive levels affect response rates in multiple survey rounds, providing insights into effective methods for encouraging ongoing participation, especially in the context of Zambia's prepaid mobile system and multi-SIM usage, a common practice in sub-Saharan Africa.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the …