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Hand And Ultrasonic Instrumentation For Orthograde Root Canal Treatment Of Permanent Teeth., Vinicius Pedrazzi, Oliveira-Neto Jm De, Patrick Sequeira, Zbys Fedorowicz, Mona Nasser

More Faculty of Health Research

UNLABELLED: Root canal treatment is a frequently performed dental procedure and is carried out on teeth in which irreversible pulpitis has led to necrosis of the dental pulp. Removal of the necrotic tissue remnants and cleaning and shaping of the root canal are important phases of root canal treatment. Treatment options include the use of hand and rotary instruments and methods using ultrasonic or sonic equipment. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials were to determine the relative clinical effectiveness of hand instrumentation versus ultrasonic instrumentation alone or in conjunction with hand instrumentation for orthograde root …

The Role Of Surgical Resection In The Management Of Newly Diagnosed Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review And Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline., Steven N Kalkanis, Douglas Kondziolka, Laurie E Gaspar, Stuart H Burri, Anthony L Asher, Charles S Cobbs, Mario Ammirati, Paula D Robinson, David W Andrews, Jay S Loeffler, Michael Mcdermott, Minesh P Mehta, Tom Mikkelsen, Jeffrey J Olson, Nina A Paleologos, Roy A Patchell, Timothy C Ryken, Mark E Linskey

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

QUESTION: Should patients with newly-diagnosed metastatic brain tumors undergo open surgical resection versus whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and/or other treatment modalities such as radiosurgery, and in what clinical settings? Target population These recommendations apply to adults with a newly diagnosed single brain metastasis amenable to surgical resection. Recommendations Surgical resection plus WBRT versus surgical resection alone Level 1 Surgical resection followed by WBRT represents a superior treatment modality, in terms of improving tumor control at the original site of the metastasis and in the brain overall, when compared to surgical resection alone. Surgical resection plus WBRT versus SRS +/- …

The Role Of Stereotactic Radiosurgery In The Management Of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review And Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline., Mark E Linskey, David W Andrews, Anthony L Asher, Stuart H Burri, Douglas Kondziolka, Paula D Robinson, Mario Ammirati, Charles S Cobbs, Laurie E Gaspar, Jay S Loeffler, Michael Mcdermott, Minesh P Mehta, Tom Mikkelsen, Jeffrey J Olson, Nina A Paleologos, Roy A Patchell, Timothy C Ryken, Steven N Kalkanis

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

QUESTION: Should patients with newly-diagnosed metastatic brain tumors undergo stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) compared with other treatment modalities? Target population These recommendations apply to adults with newly diagnosed solid brain metastases amenable to SRS; lesions amenable to SRS are typically defined as measuring less than 3 cm in maximum diameter and producing minimal (less than 1 cm of midline shift) mass effect. Recommendations SRS plus WBRT vs. WBRT alone Level 1 Single-dose SRS along with WBRT leads to significantly longer patient survival compared with WBRT alone for patients with single metastatic brain tumors who have a KPS > or = 70.Level 1 …

More Than Synaptic Plasticity: Role Of Nonsynaptic Plasticity In Learning And Memory, Riccardo Mozzachiodi, John H Byrne

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Decades of research on the cellular mechanisms of memory have led to the widely held view that memories are stored as modifications of synaptic strength. These changes involve presynaptic processes, such as direct modulation of the release machinery, or postsynaptic processes, such as modulation of receptor properties. Parallel studies have revealed that memories might also be stored by nonsynaptic processes, such as modulation of voltage-dependent membrane conductances, which are expressed as changes in neuronal excitability. Although in some cases nonsynaptic changes can function as part of the engram itself, they might also serve as mechanisms through which a neural circuit …

Social Support In An Internet Weight Loss Community, Kevin O Hwang, Allison J Ottenbacher, Angela P Green, M Roseann Cannon-Diehl, Oneka Richardson, Elmer V Bernstam, Eric J Thomas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: To describe social support for weight loss shared by members of a large Internet weight loss community.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study with surveys (n=193) and interviews (n=13) of community members along with a content analysis of discussion forum messages (n=1924 messages). Qualitative data were analyzed for social support themes.

Results: Survey respondents were primarily white (91.4%) and female (93.8%) with mean age 37.3 years and mean body mass index 30.9. They used forums frequently, with 56.8% reading messages, 36.1% replying to messages, and 18.5% posting messages to start a discussion related to weight loss on a daily …

A Quantitative And Qualitative Evaluation Of Reports Of Clinical Trials Published In Six Brazilian Dental Journals Indexed In The Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo)., Souza Rf De, Cdal Chaves, Mona Nasser, Zbys Fedorowicz

More Faculty of Health Research

INTRODUCTION: Open access publishing is becoming increasingly popular within the biomedical sciences. SciELO, the Scientific Electronic Library Online, is a digital library covering a selected collection of Brazilian scientific journals many of which provide open access to full-text articles.This library includes a number of dental journals some of which may include reports of clinical trials in English, Portuguese and/or Spanish. Thus, SciELO could play an important role as a source of evidence for dental healthcare interventions especially if it yields a sizeable number of high quality reports. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify reports of clinical trials …

Impact Of Workplace Based Assessment On Doctors' Education And Performance: A Systematic Review., A Miller, J Archer

Peninsula Medical School

To investigate the literature for evidence that workplace based assessment affects doctors' education and performance.

The Role Of Chemotherapy In The Management Of Newly Diagnosed Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review And Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline., Minesh P Mehta, Nina A Paleologos, Tom Mikkelsen, Paula D Robinson, Mario Ammirati, David W Andrews, Anthony L Asher, Stuart H Burri, Charles S Cobbs, Laurie E Gaspar, Douglas Kondziolka, Mark E Linskey, Jay S Loeffler, Michael Mcdermott, Jeffrey J Olson, Roy A Patchell, Timothy C Ryken, Steven N Kalkanis

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

TARGET POPULATION: This recommendation applies to adults with newly diagnosed brain metastases; however, the recommendation below does not apply to the exquisitely chemosensitive tumors, such as germinomas metastatic to the brain.

RECOMMENDATION: Should patients with brain metastases receive chemotherapy in addition to whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT)? Level 1 Routine use of chemotherapy following WBRT for brain metastases has not been shown to increase survival and is not recommended. Four class I studies examined the role of carboplatin, chloroethylnitrosoureas, tegafur and temozolomide, and all resulted in no survival benefit. Two caveats are provided in order to allow the treating physician to …

Effects Of Caregiver Burden And Satisfaction On Affect Of Older End-Stage Renal Disease Patients And Their Spouses, Maureen Wilson-Genderson, Rachel A Pruchno, Francine P Cartwright

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

We examined the extent to which a 2-factor model of affect explains how the burdens and satisfactions experienced by caregivers influence their own well-being and that of the spouses for whom they provide care. Using data from 315 older patients with end-stage renal disease and their spouses, we extended tests of Lawton et al.'s (1991) 2-factor model both longitudinally and dyadically. Multilevel modeling analyses partially support the 2-factor model. Consistent with the model, mean caregiver burden has a stronger effect on both caregiver and patient negative affect than does mean caregiver satisfaction. Contrary to the model, mean caregiver satisfaction has …

Hla-Dpb1 And Dpb2 Are Genetic Loci For Systemic Sclerosis: A Genome-Wide Association Study In Koreans With Replication In North Americans, Xiaodong Zhou, Jong Eun Lee, Frank C Arnett, Momiao Xiong, Min Young Park, Yeon Kyeong Yoo, Eun Soon Shin, John D Reveille, Maureen D Mayes, Jin Hyun Kim, Ran Song, Ji Yong Choi, Ji Ah Park, Yun Jong Lee, Eun Young Lee, Yeong Wook Song, Eun Bong Lee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To identify systemic sclerosis (SSc) susceptibility loci via a genome-wide association study.

METHODS: A genome-wide association study was performed in 137 patients with SSc and 564 controls from Korea using the Affymetrix Human SNP Array 5.0. After fine-mapping studies, the results were replicated in 1,107 SSc patients and 2,747 controls from a US Caucasian population.

RESULTS: The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3128930, rs7763822, rs7764491, rs3117230, and rs3128965) of HLA-DPB1 and DPB2 on chromosome 6 formed a distinctive peak with log P values for association with SSc susceptibility (P=8.16x10(-13)). Subtyping analysis of HLA-DPB1 showed that DPB1*1301 (P=7.61x10(-8)) and DPB1*0901 (P=2.55x10(-5)) were …

Tb Research At Ut-Houston – A Review Of Cord Factor: New Approaches To Drugs, Vaccines And The Pathogenesis Of Tuberculosis, Robert L Hunter, Lisa Armitige, Chinnaswamy Jagannath, Jeffrey K Actor

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Tuberculosis remains a major threat as drug resistance continues to increase. Pulmonary tuberculosis in adults is responsible for 80% of clinical cases and nearly 100% of transmission of infection. Unfortunately, since we have no animal models of adult type pulmonary tuberculosis, the most important type of disease remains largely out of reach of modern science and many fundamental questions remain unanswered. This paper reviews research dating back to the 1950's providing compelling evidence that cord factor (trehalose 6,6 dimycolate [TDM]) is essential for understanding tuberculosis. However, the original papers by Bloch and Noll were too far ahead of their time …

Biological Diversity Of Prokaryotic Type Iv Secretion Systems, Cristina E Alvarez-Martinez, Peter J Christie

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) translocate DNA and protein substrates across prokaryotic cell envelopes generally by a mechanism requiring direct contact with a target cell. Three types of T4SS have been described: (i) conjugation systems, operationally defined as machines that translocate DNA substrates intercellularly by a contact-dependent process; (ii) effector translocator systems, functioning to deliver proteins or other macromolecules to eukaryotic target cells; and (iii) DNA release/uptake systems, which translocate DNA to or from the extracellular milieu. Studies of a few paradigmatic systems, notably the conjugation systems of plasmids F, R388, RP4, and pKM101 and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB/VirD4 system, …

Face Gender And Emotion Expression: Are Angry Women More Like Men?, Ursula Hess, Reginald B. Adams, Karl Grammer, Robert E. Kleck

Dartmouth Scholarship

Certain features of facial appearance perceptually resemble expressive cues related to facial displays of emotion. We hypothesized that because expressive markers of anger (such as lowered eyebrows) overlap with perceptual markers of male sex, perceivers would identify androgynous angry faces as more likely to be a man than a woman (Study 1) and would be slower to classify an angry woman as a woman than an angry man as a man (Study 2). Conversely, we hypothesized that because perceptual features of fear (raised eyebrows) and happiness (a rounded smiling face) overlap with female sex markers, perceivers would be more likely …

Aging Influences The Neural Correlates Of Lexical Decision But Not Automatic Semantic Priming, Brian T. Gold, Anders H. Andersen, Greg A. Jicha, Charles D. Smith

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

Human behavioral data indicate that older adults are slower to perform lexical decisions (LDs) than young adults but show similar reaction time gains when these decisions are primed semantically. The present study explored the functional neuroanatomic bases of these frequently observed behavioral findings. Young and older groups completed unprimed and primed LD tasks while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was recorded, using a fully randomized trial design paralleling those used in behavioral research. Results from the unprimed task found that age-related slowing of LD was associated with decreased activation in perceptual extrastriate regions and increased activation in regions associated with …

Parent- Versus Child-Reported Functional Health Status After The Fontan Procedure., Linda M. Lambert, L Luann Minich, Jane W. Newburger, Minmin Lu, Victoria L. Pemberton, Ellen A. Mcgrath, Andrew M. Atz, Mingfen Xu, Elizabeth Radojewski, Darlene Servedio, Brian W. Mccrindle, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators, Girish S. Shirali

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare perceptions of functional health status between children who had undergone a Fontan procedure and their parents.

METHODS: Fontan procedure survivors 10 to 18 years of age were included in the study if the child completed the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) and the parent completed the parent form to assess the child's functional health status. Comparisons were made between raw domain scores for the parent- and child-completed CHQs.

RESULTS: Between March 2003 and April 2004, 1078 Fontan survivors were screened. Of the 546 eligible and consented patients, 354 were 10-18 years of age and 328 parent/child …

Adherence To Host Extracellular Matrix And Serum Components By Enterococcus Faecium Isolates Of Diverse Origin, Meng Zhao, Jouko Sillanpää, Sreedhar R Nallapareddy, Barbara E Murray

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Enterococcus faecium has emerged as an important cause of nosocomial infections over the last two decades. We recently demonstrated collagen type I (CI) as a common adherence target for some E. faecium isolates and a significant correlation was found to exist between acm-mediated CI adherence and clinical origin. Here, we evaluated 60 diverse E. faecium isolates for their adherence to up to 15 immobilized host extracellular matrix and serum components. Adherence phenotypes were most commonly observed to fibronectin (Fn) (20% of the 60 isolates), fibrinogen (17%) and laminin (Ln) (13%), while only one or two of the isolates adhered to …

Comparing Clinician Knowledge And Online Information Regarding Alli (Orlistat), Stuart Nelson, Kevin O Hwang, Elmer V Bernstam

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Many consumers join online communities focused on health. Online forums are a popular medium for the exchange of health information between consumers, so it is important to determine the accuracy and completeness of information posted to online forums.

OBJECTIVE: We compared the accuracy and completeness of information regarding the FDA-approved over-the counter weight-loss drug Alli (Orlistat) from forums and from clinicians.

METHODS: We identified Alli-related questions posted on online forums and then posed the questions to 11 primary care providers. We then compared the clinicians' answers to the answers given on the forums. A panel of blinded experts evaluated …

Analysis Of Globule Types In Malignant Melanoma, Jin Xu, Kapil Kumar Gupta, William V. Stoecker, Yamini Krishnamurthy, Harold S. Rabinovitz, Austin Bangert, David A. Calcara, Margaret C. Oliviero, Joseph M. Malters, Rhett J. Drugge, R. Joe Stanley, Randy Hays Moss, Mehmed Emre Celebi

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Objective: To identify and analyze subtypes of globules based on size, shape, network connectedness, pigmentation, and distribution to determine which globule types and globule distributions are most frequently associated with a diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Design: Retrospective case series of dermoscopy images with globules. Setting: Private dermatology practices. Participants: Patients in dermatology practices. Intervention: Observation only. Main Outcome Measure: Association of globule types with malignant melanoma. Results: The presence of large globules (odds ratio [OR], 5.25) and globules varying in size (4.72) or shape (5.37) had the highest ORs for malignant melanoma among all globule types and combinations studied. Classical …

Intracranial Eeg Reveals A Time- And Frequency-Specific Role For The Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus And Primary Motor Cortex In Stopping Initiated Responses, Nicole Swann, Nitin Tandon, Ryan Canolty, Timothy M Ellmore, Linda K Mcevoy, Stephen Dreyer, Michael Disano, Adam R Aron

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Inappropriate response tendencies may be stopped via a specific fronto/basal ganglia/primary motor cortical network. We sought to characterize the functional role of two regions in this putative stopping network, the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the primary motor cortex (M1), using electocorticography from subdural electrodes in four patients while they performed a stop-signal task. On each trial, a motor response was initiated, and on a minority of trials a stop signal instructed the patient to try to stop the response. For each patient, there was a greater right IFG response in the beta frequency band ( approximately 16 Hz) …

Venn, A Tool For Titrating Sequence Conservation Onto Protein Structures, Jay Vyas, Michael R. Gryk, Martin R. Schiller

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Residue conservation is an important, established method for inferring protein function, modularity and specificity. It is important to recognize that it is the 3D spatial orientation of residues that drives sequence conservation. Considering this, we have built a new computational tool, VENN that allows researchers to interactively and graphically titrate sequence homology onto surface representations of protein structures. Our proposed titration strategies reveal critical details that are not readily identified using other existing tools. Analyses of a bZIP transcription factor and receptor recognition of Fibroblast Growth Factor using VENN revealed key specificity determinants. Weblink: http://sbtools.uchc.edu/venn/.

High Content Screening Identifies Decaprenyl-Phosphoribose 2’ Epimerase As A Target For Intracellular Antimycobacterial Inhibitors, Thierry Christophe, Mary Jackson, Hee Kyoung Jeon, Denis Fenistein, Monica Contreras-Dominguez, Jaeseung Kim, Auguste Genovesio, Jean-Philippe Carralot, Fanny Ewann, Eun Hye Kim, Sae Yeon Lee, Sunhee Kang, Min Jung Seo, Eun Jung Park, Henrieta Skovierová, Ha Pham, Giovanna Riccardi, Ji Youn Nam, Laurent Marsollier, Marie Kempf, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Taegwon Oh, Won Kyung Shin, Zaesung No, Ulf Nehrbass, Roland Brosch, Stewart T. Cole

Faculty and Staff Publications

A critical feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis (TB), is its ability to survive and multiply within macrophages, making these host cells an ideal niche for persisting microbes. Killing the intracellular tubercle bacilli is a key requirement for efficient tuberculosis treatment, yet identifying potent inhibitors has been hampered by labor-intensive techniques and lack of validated targets. Here, we present the development of a phenotypic cell-based assay that uses automated confocal fluorescence microscopy for high throughput screening of chemicals that interfere with the replication of M. tuberculosis within macrophages. Screening a library of 57,000 small molecules led …

Ethnic Differences In Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders After Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Darin B Zahuranec, Devin L Brown, Lynda D Lisabeth, Nicole R Gonzales, Paxton J Longwell, Melinda A Smith, Nelda M Garcia, Lewis B Morgenstern

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To explore ethnic differences in do-not-resuscitate orders after intracerebral hemorrhage.

DESIGN: Population-based surveillance.

SETTING: Corpus Christi, Texas.

PATIENTS: All cases of intracerebral hemorrhage in the community of Corpus Christi, TX were ascertained as part of the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project.

INTERVENTIONS: None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Medical records were reviewed for do-not-resuscitate orders. Unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression were used to test for associations between ethnicity and do-not-resuscitate orders, both overall ("any do-not-resuscitate") and within 24 hrs of presentation ("early do-not-resuscitate"), adjusted for age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale, intracerebral hemorrhage volume, intraventricular hemorrhage, infratentorial hemorrhage, …

There Are Multiple Contributors To The Verbal Short-Term Memory Deficit In Children With Developmental Reading Disabilities., Michelle Y. Kibby

Publications

Prior research has put forth at least four possible contributors to the verbal short-term memory (VSTM) deficit in children with developmental reading disabilities (RD): poor phonological awareness that affects phonological coding into VSTM, a less effective phonological store, slow articulation rate, and fewer/poorer quality long-term memory (LTM) representations. This project is among the first to test the four suppositions in one study. Participants included 18 children with RD and 18 controls. VSTM was assessed using Baddeley's model of the phonological loop. Findings suggest all four suppositions are correct, depending upon the type of material utilized. Children with RD performed comparably …

The Devil Is In The Third Year: A Longitudinal Study Of Erosion Of Empathy In Medical School., Mohammadreza Hojat, Michael J. Vergare, Kaye Maxwell, George Brainard, Steven K. Herrine, Gerald A. Isenberg, John Veloski, Joseph S. Gonnella

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: This longitudinal study was designed to examine changes in medical students' empathy during medical school and to determine when the most significant changes occur.

METHOD: Four hundred fifty-six students who entered Jefferson Medical College in 2002 (n = 227) and 2004 (n = 229) completed the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy at five different times: at entry into medical school on orientation day and subsequently at the end of each academic year. Statistical analyses were performed for the entire cohort, as well as for the "matched" cohort (participants who identified themselves at all five test administrations) and the "unmatched" …

Clinical Decision Support Capabilities Of Commercially-Available Clinical Information Systems, Adam Wright, Dean F Sittig, Joan S Ash, Sapna Sharma, Justine E Pang, Blackford Middleton

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The most effective decision support systems are integrated with clinical information systems, such as inpatient and outpatient electronic health records (EHRs) and computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems. Purpose The goal of this project was to describe and quantify the results of a study of decision support capabilities in Certification Commission for Health Information Technology (CCHIT) certified electronic health record systems.

METHODS: The authors conducted a series of interviews with representatives of nine commercially available clinical information systems, evaluating their capabilities against 42 different clinical decision support features.

RESULTS: Six of the nine reviewed systems offered all the applicable …

Advances In Progenitor Cell Therapy Using Scaffolding Constructs For Central Nervous System Injury, Peter A Walker, Kevin R Aroom, Fernando Jimenez, Shinil K Shah, Matthew T Harting, Brijesh S Gill, Charles S Cox

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Current clinical therapy is focused on optimization of the acute/subacute intracerebral milieu, minimizing continued cell death, and subsequent intense rehabilitation to ameliorate the prolonged physical, cognitive, and psychosocial deficits that result from TBI. Adult progenitor (stem) cell therapies have shown promise in pre-clinical studies and remain a focus of intense scientific investigation. One of the fundamental challenges to successful translation of the large body of pre-clinical work is the delivery of progenitor cells to the target location/organ. Classically used vehicles such as intravenous and …

Depressive Symptoms And Marital Satisfaction In The Context Of Chronic Disease: A Longitudinal Dyadic Analysis, Rachel Pruchno, Maureen Wilson-Genderson, Francine P Cartwright

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

These analyses examined the longitudinal relationships between depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction over a 2-year period as experienced by 315 patients with end-stage renal disease and their spouses. Using multilevel modeling, the authors examined both individual and cross-partner effects of depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction on patients and spouses, testing bidirectional causality. Results indicate that mean and time-varying depressive symptoms of both patients and spouses were associated with their own marital satisfaction. Although mean marital satisfaction was associated with own depressive symptoms for both patients and spouses, time-varying marital satisfaction did not affect depressive symptoms for either patients or spouses. …

Modern Approaches To Pediatric Brain Injury Therapy, Peter A Walker, Matthew T Harting, James E Baumgartner, Stephen Fletcher, Nathan Strobel, Charles S Cox

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Each year, pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for 435,000 emergency department visits, 37,000 hospital admissions, and approximately 2,500 deaths in the United States. TBI results in immediate injury from direct mechanical force and shear. Secondary injury results from the release of biochemical or inflammatory factors that alter the loco-regional milieu in the acute, subacute, and delayed intervals after a mechanical insult. Preliminary preclinical and clinical research is underway to evaluate the benefit from progenitor cell therapeutics, hypertonic saline infusion, and controlled hypothermia. However, all phase III clinical trials investigating pharmacologic monotherapy for TBI have shown no benefit. A recent …

Food Insecurity Among Homeless And Marginally Housed Individuals Living With Hiv/Aids In San Francisco, Sheri D. Weiser, David R. Bangsberg, Susan Kegeles, Kathleen Ragland, Margot B. Kushel, Edward A. Frongillo Jr.

Faculty Publications

Food insecurity is a risk factor for both HIV transmission and worse HIV clinical outcomes. We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with food insecurity among homeless and marginally housed HIV-infected individuals in San Francisco recruited from the Research on Access to Care in the Homeless Cohort. We used multiple logistic regression to determine socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with food insecurity, which was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Among 250 participants, over half (53.6%) were food insecure. Higher odds of food insecurity was associated with being white, low CD4 counts, recent crack use, lack of …

Hiv-1 And Helminth Co-Infection In Adults In Kenya, Cameron Page

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

BACKGROUND: As part of rapidly expanding HIV-1 Care Programs in sub-Saharan Africa, many HIV-1 infected individuals are being identified who do not yet qualify for ART. These individuals may benefit from treatment of co-infections, such as soil-transmitted helminths. Treatment of helminth infection in HIV-1 infected individuals may improve health and nutrition and may slow progression to AIDS. In this setting, access to both medical care and diagnostic testing is limited. Determining correlates of helminth infection in HIV-I infected individuals may allow clinicians to better target empiric anti-helminth therapy in HIV-1 infected individuals. METHODS: To describe the prevalence and correlates of …