Digital Commons Network^™

Race And Ethnicity Representation In Clinical Trials: Findings From A Literature Review Of Phase I Oncology Trials, D Ross Camidge, Haeseong Park, Karen E Smoyer, Ira Jacobs, Lauren J Lee, Zemfira Askerova, Justin Mcginnis, Yousef Zakharia

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Associations Between Physiological Biomarkers And Psychosocial Measures Of Pregnancy-Specific Anxiety And Depression With Support Intervention, Karen L Weis, Tony T Yuan, Katherine C Walker, Thomas F Gibbons, Wenyaw Chan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Stress and anxiety significantly impact the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and in pregnancy, the subsequent maternal-fetal response can lead to poor outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the association between psychosocial measures of pregnancy-specific anxiety and physiologic inflammatory responses. Specifically, to determine the effectiveness of the Mentors Offering Maternal Support (M-O-M-S

Impact Of Amerind Ancestry And Fads Genetic Variation On Omega-3 Deficiency And Cardiometabolic Traits In Hispanic Populations, Chaojie Yang, Brian Hallmark, Jin Choul Chai, Timothy D O'Connor, Lindsay M Reynolds, Alexis C Wood, Michael Seeds, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Lyn M Steffen, Michael Y Tsai, Robert C Kaplan, Martha L Daviglus, Lawrence J Mandarino, Amanda M Fretts, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Dawn K Coletta, Sarah A Blomquist, Laurel M Johnstone, Chandra Tontsch, Qibin Qi, Ingo Ruczinski, Stephen S Rich, Rasika A Mathias, Floyd H Chilton, Ani Manichaikul

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have critical signaling roles that regulate dyslipidemia and inflammation. Genetic variation in the FADS gene cluster accounts for a large portion of interindividual differences in circulating and tissue levels of LC-PUFAs, with the genotypes most strongly predictive of low LC-PUFA levels at strikingly higher frequencies in Amerind ancestry populations. In this study, we examined relationships between genetic ancestry and FADS variation in 1102 Hispanic American participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We demonstrate strong negative associations between Amerind genetic ancestry and LC-PUFA levels. The FADS rs174537 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) accounted for much …

Integrated Single-Cell Atlas Of Endothelial Cells Of The Human Lung, Jonas C Schupp, Taylor S Adams, Carlos Cosme, Micha Sam Brickman Raredon, Yifan Yuan, Norihito Omote, Sergio Poli, Maurizio Chioccioli, Kadi-Ann Rose, Edward P Manning, Maor Sauler, Giuseppe Deiuliis, Farida Ahangari, Nir Neumark, Arun C Habermann, Austin J Gutierrez, Linh T Bui, Robert Lafyatis, Richard W Pierce, Kerstin B Meyer, Martijn C Nawijn, Sarah A Teichmann, Nicholas E Banovich, Jonathan A Kropski, Laura E Niklason, Dana Pe'er, Xiting Yan, Robert J Homer, Ivan O Rosas, Naftali Kaminski

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Cellular diversity of the lung endothelium has not been systematically characterized in humans. We provide a reference atlas of human lung endothelial cells (ECs) to facilitate a better understanding of the phenotypic diversity and composition of cells comprising the lung endothelium.

METHODS: We reprocessed human control single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data from 6 datasets. EC populations were characterized through iterative clustering with subsequent differential expression analysis. Marker genes were validated by fluorescent microscopy and in situ hybridization. scRNAseq of primary lung ECs cultured in vitro was performed. The signaling network between different lung cell types was studied. For cross-species …

Potential Benefits Of Bovine Colostrum In Pediatric Nutrition And Health, Per Torp Sangild, Caitlin Vonderohe, Valeria Melendez Hebib, Douglas G Burrin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk produced from cows after parturition, is increasingly used as a nutritional supplement to promote gut function and health in other species, including humans. The high levels of whey and casein proteins, immunoglobulins (Igs), and other milk bioactives in BC are adapted to meet the needs of newborn calves. However, BC supplementation may improve health outcomes across other species, especially when immune and gut functions are immature in early life. We provide a review of BC composition and its effects in infants and children in health and selected diseases (diarrhea, infection, growth-failure, preterm birth, necrotizing …

Acute Encephalitis, Myoclonus And Sweet Syndrome After Mrna-1273 Vaccine, Gabriel Torrealba-Acosta, Jennifer C Martin, Yve Huttenbach, Catherine R Garcia, Muhammad R Sohail, Sandeep Krishna Agarwal, Carina Wasko, Eric M Bershad, Mohammad I Hirzallah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

A patient presented with fever, generalised rash, confusion, orofacial movements and myoclonus after receiving the first dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine from Moderna. MRI was unremarkable while cerebrospinal fluid showed leucocytosis with lymphocyte predominance and hyperproteinorrachia. The skin evidenced red, non-scaly, oedematous papules coalescing into plaques with scattered non-follicular pustules. Skin biopsy was consistent with a neutrophilic dermatosis. The patient fulfilled the criteria for Sweet syndrome. A thorough evaluation ruled out alternative infectious, autoimmune or malignant aetiologies, and all manifestations resolved with glucocorticoids. While we cannot prove causality, there was a temporal correlation between the vaccination and the clinical findings.

Feasibility And Efficacy Of The "Funpals Playgroup" Intervention To Improve Toddler Dietary And Activity Behaviors: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, Aliye B Cepni, Ashley Taylor, Christine Crumbley, Debbe Thompson, Nancy E Moran, Norma Olvera, Daniel P O'Connor, Katherine R Arlinghaus, Craig A Johnston, Tracey A Ledoux

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

This study evaluated the feasibility and effects of the Families Understanding Nutrition and Physically Active Lifestyles (FUNPALs) Playgroup on toddler (12–36-month-old) diet and activity behaviors. Parent–toddler dyads were recruited from disadvantaged communities and randomly assigned to receive 10-weekly sessions of the FUNPALs Playgroup (n = 24) or dose-matched health education control group (n = 26). FUNPALs Playgroups involved physical and snack activities, delivery of health information, and positive parenting coaching. The control group involved group health education for parents only. Process outcomes (e.g., retention rate, fidelity) and focus groups determined feasibility and perceived effects. To evaluate preliminary effects, …

Standardizing Definitions Of Hematopoietic Recovery, Graft Rejection, Graft Failure, Poor Graft Function, And Donor Chimerism In Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Report On Behalf Of The American Society For Transplantation And Cellular Therapy., Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja, Ambuj Kumar, Ernesto Ayala, Mahmoud Aljurf, Taiga Nishihori, Rebecca Marsh, Lauri M. Burroughs, Navneet Majhail, A. Samer Al-Homsi, Zaid S. Al-Kadhimi, Merav Bar, Alice Bertaina, Jaap J. Boelens, Richard Champlin, Sonali Chaudhury, Zachariah Defilipp, Bhagirathbhai Dholaria, Areej El-Jawahri, Suzanne Fanning, Ellen Fraint, Usama Gergis, Sergio Giralt, Betty K. Hamilton, Shahrukh K. Hashmi, Biljana Horn, Yoshihiro Inamoto, David A. Jacobsohn, Tania Jain, Laura Johnston, Abraham S. Kanate, Ankit Kansagra, Adetola Kassim, Leslie S. Kean, Carrie L. Kitko, Jessica Knight-Perry, Joanne Kurtzberg, Hien Liu, Margaret L. Macmillan, Zahra Mahmoudjafari, Marco Mielcarek, Mohamad Mohty, Arnon Nagler, Eneida Nemecek, Timothy S. Olson, Betul Oran, Miguel-Angel Perales, Susan E. Prockop, Michael A. Pulsipher, Iskra Pusic, Marcie L. Riches, Cesar Rodriguez, Rizwan Romee, Gabriela Rondon, Ayman Saad, Nina Shah, Peter J. Shaw, Shalini Shenoy, Jorge Sierra, Julie Talano, Michael R. Verneris, Paul Veys, John E. Wagner, Bipin N. Savani, Mehdi Hamadani, Paul A. Carpenter

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is potentially curative for certain hematologic malignancies and nonmalignant diseases. The field of allo-HCT has witnessed significant advances, including broadening indications for transplantation, availability of alternative donor sources, less toxic preparative regimens, new cell manipulation techniques, and novel GVHD prevention methods, all of which have expanded the applicability of the procedure. These advances have led to clinical practice conundrums when applying traditional definitions of hematopoietic recovery, graft rejection, graft failure, poor graft function, and donor chimerism, because these may vary based on donor type, cell source, cell dose, primary disease, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, and …

The Effect Of Virtual Mindfulness-Based Interventions On Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Amanda Jiang, Michael Rosario, Sara Stahl, Jessica M Gill, Heather L Rusch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We summarized peer-reviewed literature investigating the effect of virtual mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on sleep quality. We aimed to examine the following three questions: (1) do virtual MBIs improve sleep quality when compared with control groups; (2) does the effect persist long-term; and (3) is the virtual delivery method equally feasible compared to the in-person delivery method?

RECENT FINDINGS: Findings suggest that virtual MBIs are equivalent to evidence-based treatments, and to a limited extent, more effective than non-specific active controls at reducing some aspects of sleep disturbance. Overall, virtual MBIs are more effective at improving sleep quality than …

Exploiting The Power Of Information In Medical Education., William B. Cutrer, W. Anderson Spickard, Marc M. Triola, Bradley L. Allen, Nathan Spell, Steven K. Herrine, John L. Dalrymple, Paul N. Gorman, Kimberly D. Lomis

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty Papers

The explosion of medical information demands a thorough reconsideration of medical education, including what we teach and assess, how we educate, and whom we educate. Physicians of the future will need to be self-aware, self-directed, resource-effective team players who can synthesize and apply summarized information and communicate clearly. Training in metacognition, data science, informatics, and artificial intelligence is needed. Education programs must shift focus from content delivery to providing students explicit scaffolding for future learning, such as the Master Adaptive Learner model. Additionally, educators should leverage informatics to improve the process of education and foster individualized, precision education. Finally, attributes …

Distinct Cortical Systems Reinstate The Content And Context Of Episodic Memories., James E. Kragel, Youssef Ezzyat, Bradley C. Lega, Michael R. Sperling, Gregory A. Worrell, Robert E. Gross, Barbara C. Jobst, Sameer A. Sheth, Kareem A. Zaghloul, Joel M. Stein, Michael J. Kahana

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Episodic recall depends upon the reinstatement of cortical activity present during the formation of a memory. Evidence from functional neuroimaging and invasive recordings in humans suggest that reinstatement organizes our memories by time or content, yet the neural systems involved in reinstating these unique types of information remain unclear. Here, combining computational modeling and intracranial recordings from 69 epilepsy patients, we show that two cortical systems uniquely reinstate the semantic content and temporal context of previously studied items during free recall. Examining either the posterior medial or anterior temporal networks, we find that forward encoding models trained on the brain's …

Retinoids As Chemo-Preventive And Molecular-Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapies., Victoria O. Hunsu, Caroline O.B. Facey, Jeremy Z. Fields, Bruce M. Boman

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Retinoic acid (RA) agents possess anti‐tumor activity through their ability to induce cellular differentiation. However, retinoids have not yet been translated into effective systemic treatments for most solid tumors. RA signaling is mediated by the following two nuclear retinoic receptor subtypes: the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoic X receptor (RXR), and their isoforms. The identification of mutations in retinoid receptors and other RA signaling pathway genes in human cancers offers opportunities for target discovery, drug design, and personalized medicine for distinct molecular retinoid subtypes. For example, chromosomal translocation involving RARA occurs in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and all‐trans …

Spoken Word Learning In Children With Developmental Language Disorder Or Dyslexia, Suzanne M. Adlof, Lauren S. Baron, Bethany A. Bell, Joanna Scoggins

Faculty Publications

Purpose Word learning difficulties have been documented in multiple studies involving children with dyslexia and developmental language disorder (DLD; see also specific language impairment). However, no previous studies have directly contrasted word learning in these two frequently co-occurring disorders. We examined word learning in second-grade students with DLD-only and dyslexia-only as compared to each other, peers with both disorders (DLD + dyslexia), and peers with typical development. We hypothesized that children with dyslexia-only and DLD-only would show differences in word learning due to differences in their core language strengths and weaknesses. Method Children ( = 244) were taught eight novel …

Reducing Covid-19 Quarantine With Sars-Cov-2 Testing: A Simulation Study, Bo Peng, Wen Zhou, Rowland W Pettit, Patrick Yu, Peter G Matos, Alexander L Greninger, Julie Mccashin, Christopher I Amos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 testing on shortening the duration of quarantines for COVID-19 and to identify the most effective choices of testing schedules.

DESIGN: We performed extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of quarantine strategies when one or more SARS-CoV-2 tests were administered during the quarantine. Simulations were based on statistical models for the transmissibility and viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the sensitivities of available testing methods. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of perturbations in model assumptions on the outcomes of optimal strategies.

RESULTS: We found that SARS-CoV-2 testing can effectively reduce the …

An Assessment Of The Social Determinants Of Health In An Urban Emergency Department, Edgardo Ordonez, Katherine Dowdell, Natasha M Navejar, Deepa Dongarwar, Aya Itani, Hamisu M Salihu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Social determinants of health (SDOH) have significant impacts on patients who seek care in the emergency department (ED). We administered a social needs screening tool and needs assessment survey to assess SDOH and evaluate for trends in the population of patients visiting our ED.

METHODS: A survey was distributed via convenience sampling to adult ED patients to capture self-reported demographic information and data about social needs. We categorized the questions related to SDOH based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification coding format and created a composite variable called "SDOH Strata" based on the SDOH Index …

Significant Regional Differences In Antibiotic Use Across 576 Us Hospitals And 11 701 326 Adult Admissions, 2016-2017, Katherine E Goodman, Sara E Cosgrove, Lisa Pineles, Laurence S Magder, Deverick J Anderson, Elizabeth Dodds Ashley, Ronald E Polk, Hude Quan, William E Trick, Keith F Woeltje, Surbhi Leekha, Anthony D Harris

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Quantifying the amount and diversity of antibiotic use in United States hospitals assists antibiotic stewardship efforts but is hampered by limited national surveillance. Our study aimed to address this knowledge gap by examining adult antibiotic use across 576 hospitals and nearly 12 million encounters in 2016-2017.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients aged ≥ 18 years discharged from hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2017. Using daily antibiotic charge data, we mapped antibiotics to mutually exclusive classes and to spectrum of activity categories. We evaluated relationships between facility and case-mix …

Later Sleep Timing Predicts Accelerated Summer Weight Gain Among Elementary School Children: A Prospective Observational Study, Jennette P Moreno, Javad Razjouyan, Houston Lester, Hafza Dadabhoy, Mona Amirmazaheri, Layton Reesor-Oyer, Teresia M O'Connor, Daphne C Hernandez, Bijan Najafi, Candice A Alfano, Stephanie J Crowley, Debbe Thompson, Tom Baranowski

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objectives and background: Social demands of the school-year and summer environment may affect children's sleep patterns and circadian rhythms during these periods. The current study examined differences in children's sleep and circadian-related behaviors during the school-year and summer and explored the association between sleep and circadian parameters and change in body mass index (BMI) during these time periods.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study with 119 children ages 5 to 8 years with three sequential BMI assessments: early school-year (fall), late school-year (spring), and beginning of the following school-year in Houston, Texas, USA. Sleep midpoint, sleep duration, variability of …

Current State Of Scientific Evidence On Internet-Based Interventions For The Treatment Of Depression, Anxiety, Eating Disorders And Substance Abuse: An Overview Of Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analyses, C Barr Taylor, Andrea K Graham, Rachael E Flatt, Karin Waldherr, Ellen E Fitzsimmons-Craft

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: ICare represents a consortium of European Investigators examining the effects of online mental health care for a variety of common mental health disorders provided in a variety of settings. This article provides an overview of the evidence of effectiveness for Internet-based treatment for four common mental health disorders that are the focus of much of this work: depression, anxiety, substance abuse and eating disorders.

METHODS: The overview focused primarily on systematic reviews and meta-analyses identified through PubMed (Ovid) and other databases and published in English. Given the large number of reviews specific to depression, anxiety, substance abuse and/or eating …

Southwest Harvest For Health: An Adapted Mentored Vegetable Gardening Intervention For Cancer Survivors, Cindy K. Blair, Prajakta Adsul, Dolores D. Guest, Andrew L. Sussman, Linda S. Cook, Elizabeth M. Harding, Joseph Rodman, Dorothy Duff, Ellen Burgess, Karen Quezada, Ursa Brown-Glaberman, Towela V. King, Erika Baca, Zoneddy Dayao, Vernon Shane Pankratz, Sally M. Davis, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

Harvest for Health is a home-based vegetable gardening intervention that pairs cancer survivors with Master Gardeners from the Cooperative Extension System. Initially developed and tested in Alabama, the program was adapted for the different climate, growing conditions, and population in New Mexico. This paper chronicles the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of "Southwest Harvest for Health". During the nine-month single-arm trial, 30 cancer survivor-Master Gardener dyads worked together to establish and maintain three seasonal gardens. Primary outcomes were accrual, retention, and satisfaction. Secondary outcomes were vegetable and fruit (V and F) intake, physical activity, and quality of life. Recruitment was …

Therapeutic Efficacy Of A Potent Anti-Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Antibody Is Contingent On Fc Effector Function, Vanja Krneta-Stankic, Mark E Corkins, Adriana Paulucci-Holthauzen, Malgorzata Kloc, Andrew B Gladden, Rachel K Miller

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

E-cadherin junctions facilitate assembly and disassembly of cell contacts that drive development and homeostasis of epithelial tissues. In this study, using Xenopus embryonic kidney and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we investigate the role of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) formin Daam1 (Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1) in regulating E-cadherin-based intercellular adhesion. Using live imaging, we show that Daam1 localizes to newly formed cell contacts in the developing nephron. Furthermore, analyses of junctional filamentous actin (F-actin) upon Daam1 depletion indicate decreased microfilament localization and slowed turnover. We also show that Daam1 is necessary for efficient and timely localization of junctional …

Democratizing Type 1 Diabetes Specialty Care In The Primary Care Setting To Reduce Health Disparities: Project Extension For Community Healthcare Outcomes (Echo) T1d, Ashby F. Walker, Nicolas Cuttriss, Michael J. Haller, Korey K. Hood, Matthew J. Gurka, Stephanie L. Filipp, Claudia Anez-Zabala, Katarina Yabut, Xanadu Roque, Jessie J. Wong, Linda Baer, Lauren Figg, Angelina Bernier, Sarah Westen, Eugene Lewit, Eleni Sheehan, Marina Basina, Rayhan Lal, Jennifer Maizel, David M. Maahs

Project ECHO Bibliography

INTRODUCTION: Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) is a tele-education outreach model that seeks to democratize specialty knowledge to reduce disparities and improve health outcomes. Limited utilization of endocrinologists forces many primary care providers (PCPs) to care for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) without specialty support. Accordingly, an ECHO T1D program was developed and piloted in Florida and California. Our goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of an ECHO program focused on T1D and improve PCPs' abilities to manage patients with T1D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Health centers (ie, spokes) were recruited into the ECHO T1D pilot through …

Concurring Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy And Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: Assessment And Management, Mohammed Abozenah, Anis John Kadado, Ahmad Aljamal, Khalid Sawalha, Colby Salerno, Ayman Battisha, Jaime Hernandez-Montfort, Amir Lotfi

Internal Medicine Articles

The prevalence of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) has been on the rise, but co-occurrence with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) remains rare. Although presenting patient demographics were similar to those in TCM, the potential for hemodynamic compromise was significantly compounded by the presence of underlying HOCM. Management was similar to standalone TCM, although use of inotropic agents and mechanical support appears to be more prevalent. Despite the increased potential for complications and the paucity of data regarding management, outcomes appear to be mostly favorable in both the hospitalization period and at follow-up. Interestingly, despite a new diagnosis of HOCM in about half the …

Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis In The United States: Opportunities To Improve Access, Coordination, And Delivery, Gavin T. Howington, Huy-Binh Nguyen, P Brandon Bookstaver, Peter Akpunonu, Joshua T. Swan

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Leveraging Big Data For Pattern Recognition Of Socio-Demographic And Climatic Factors In Correlation With Eye Disorders In Telangana State, India, Amna Alalawi, Les Sztandera, Parth Lalakia, Anthony Vipin Das, Sai Prashanthi Gumpili, Richard Derman

Kanbar College Faculty Papers

Purpose: Big data is the new gold, especially in health care. Advances in collecting and processing electronic medical records (EMR) coupled with increasing computer capabilities have resulted in an increased interest in the use of big data in health care. Ophthalmology has been an area of focus where results have shown to be promising. The objective of this study was to determine whether the EMR at a multi-tier ophthalmology network in India can contribute to the management of patient care, through studying how climatic and socio-demographic factors relate to eye disorders and visual impairment in the State of Telangana.

Methods: …

A Machine Learning Approach To First Pass Reperfusion In Mechanical Thrombectomy: Prediction And Feature Analysis., Lohit Velagapudi, Nikolaos Mouchtouris, Richard F Schmidt, David Vuong, Omaditya Khanna, Ahmad Sweid, Bryan Sadler, Fadi Al-Saiegh, M Reid Gooch, Pascal Jabbour, Robert H Rosenwasser, Stavropoula Tjoumakaris

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Novel machine learning (ML) methods are being investigated across medicine for their predictive capabilities while boasting increased adaptability and generalizability. In our study, we compare logistic regression with machine learning for feature importance analysis and prediction in first-pass reperfusion.

METHODS: We retrospectively identified cases of ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) at our institution from 2012-2018. Significant variables used in predictive modeling were demographic characteristics, medical history, admission NIHSS, and stroke characteristics. Outcome was binarized TICI on first pass (0-2a vs 2b-3). Shapley feature importance plots were used to identify variables that strongly affected outcomes.

RESULTS: Accuracy for …

Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation To Facilitate Removal Of Endobronchial Tumors, Bryan Miles, Lucian A Durham, Jonathan Kurman, Lyle D Joyce, David W Johnstone, David Joyce, Paul J Pearson

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Short-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a useful adjunct to thoracic procedures. We report the cases of 2 middle-aged men who were supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to facilitate tumor debulking and recanalization of the carina and mainstem bronchi. Neither patient had major complications or adverse events. These cases suggest that short-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is safe in patients undergoing complex resection or debulking of endobronchial lesions.

Ten-Year Outcomes Of Uveal Melanoma Based On The Cancer Genome Atlas (Tcga) Classification In 1001 Cases., Carol L Shields, Eileen Mayro, Zeynep Bas, Philip W Dockery, Antonio Yaghy, Sara E. Lally, Arupa Ganguly, Jerry A Shields

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Purpose: To understand the prognostic value of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for uveal melanoma metastasis, using a simplified 4-category classification, based on tumor DNA.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 1001 eyes with uveal melanoma at a single center, categorized according to TCGA as Group A, B, C, or D (by fine-needle aspiration biopsy for DNA analysis), and treated with standard methods, was studied for melanoma-related metastasis at 5 and 10 years.

Results: Of 1001 eyes with uveal melanoma, the TCGA categories included Group A (n = 486, 49%), B (n = 141, 14%), C (n = 260, 26%), …

Body Composition Changes In Children During Treatment For Moderate Acute Malnutrition: Findings From A 4-Arm Cluster-Randomized Trial In Sierra Leone, Devika J Suri, Isabel Potani, Akriti Singh, Stacy Griswold, William W Wong, Breanne Langlois, Ye Shen, Kwan Ho Kenneth Chui, Irwin H Rosenberg, Patrick Webb, Beatrice L Rogers

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Measures that better describe "healthy" and sustainable recovery during nutritional treatment of children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) are needed.

Objectives: We compared changes to body composition among children receiving 1 of 4 specialized nutritious food (SNFs) during treatment of MAM and by recovery and relapse outcomes.

Methods: The study was nested within a prospective, cluster-randomized, community-based, cost-effectiveness trial assessing 4 SNFs to treat children aged 6-59 mo with MAM [midupper arm circumference (MUAC) ≥11.5 cm and <12.5 cm without bipedal edema] in Sierra Leone. Biweekly SNF rations (1 of 3 fortified-blended foods or a lipid-based nutrient supplement) were given until children recovered (MUAC ≥12.5 cm), or up to 7 rations (∼12 wk). Deuterium dilution was used to estimate fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) at enrollment and after 4 wk of treatment to ensure similar treatment exposure among the participants. Another MUAC measurement was performed among recovered children 4 wk after program exit to determine whether recovery was sustained. ANOVA, paired t tests, and linear regression models were used to determine significant differences in changes from baseline to 4 wk.

Results: Among 312 analyzed participants, mean baseline weight comprised ∼80% FFM; mean weight gained after 4 wk comprised ∼82% FFM. Changes in …

Reciprocal Control Of Obesity And Anxiety-Depressive Disorder Via A Gaba And Serotonin Neural Circuit, Guobin Xia, Yong Han, Fantao Meng, Yanlin He, Dollada Srisai, Monica Farias, Minghao Dang, Richard D Palmiter, Yong Xu, Qi Wu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The high comorbidity between obesity and mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, often exacerbates metabolic and neurological symptoms significantly. However, neural mechanisms that underlie reciprocal control of feeding and mental states are largely elusive. Here we report that melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) neurons located in the dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminus (dBNST) engage in the regulation of mentally associated weight gain by receiving GABAergic projections from hypothalamic AgRP neurons onto α5-containing GABA

Monitoring Self-Perceived Occupational Health Inequities In Central America, 2011 And 2018, Michael Silva-Peñaherrera, David Gimeno Ruiz De Porras, George L Delclos, Marianela Rojas Garbanzo, Pamela Merino-Salazar, Maria Lopez-Ruiz, Fernando G Benavides

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives. to analyze changes in occupational health inequity between 2011 and 2018 among workers in Central America. Methods. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews at the workers' homes for the 2 Central America Working Conditions Surveys (n = 12 024 in 2011 and n = 9030 in 2018). We estimated health inequity gaps by means of absolute and relative population attributable risks and the weighted Keppel index. We stratified all analyses by gender. Results. Between 2011 and 2018, the proportion of workers reporting poor self-perceived health decreased both in women (from 32% to 29%) and men (from 33% to 30%). …