Digital Commons Network^™

On The Nature Of Monozygotic Twin Concordance And Discordance For Autistic Trait Severity: A Quantitative Analysis, Lauren Castelbaum, Chad M Sylvester, Yi Zhang, Qiongru Yu, John N Constantino

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The characterizing features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are continuously distributed in nature; however, prior twin studies have not systematically incorporated this knowledge into estimations of concordance and discordance. We conducted a quantitative analysis of twin-twin similarity for autistic trait severity in three existing data sets involving 366 pairs of uniformly-phenotyped monozygotic (MZ) twins with and without ASD. Probandwise concordance for ASD was 96%; however, MZ trait correlations differed markedly for pairs with ASD trait burden below versus above the threshold for clinical diagnosis, with R

Utstein Recommendation For Emergency Stroke Care, A. Rudd, P. Panagos, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in treatment for stroke give new possibilities for optimizing outcomes. To deliver these prehospital care needs to become more efficient.

AIM: To develop a framework to support improved delivery of prehospital care. The recommendations are aimed at clinicians involved in prehospital and emergency health systems who will often not be stroke specialists but need clear guidance as to how to develop and deliver safe and effective care for acute stroke patients.

METHODS: Building on the successful implementation program from the Global Resuscitation Alliance and the Resuscitation Academy, the Utstein methodology was used to define a generic chain …

Covid-19 Testnorm: A Tool To Normalize Covid-19 Testing Names To Loinc Codes, Xiao Dong, Jianfu Li, Ekin Soysal, Jiang Bian, Scott L Duvall, Elizabeth Hanchrow, Hongfang Liu, Kristine E Lynch, Michael Matheny, Karthik Natarajan, Lucila Ohno-Machado, Serguei Pakhomov, Ruth Madeleine Reeves, Amy M Sitapati, Swapna Abhyankar, Theresa Cullen, Jami Deckard, Xiaoqian Jiang, Robert Murphy, Hua Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Large observational data networks that leverage routine clinical practice data in electronic health records (EHRs) are critical resources for research on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data normalization is a key challenge for the secondary use of EHRs for COVID-19 research across institutions. In this study, we addressed the challenge of automating the normalization of COVID-19 diagnostic tests, which are critical data elements, but for which controlled terminology terms were published after clinical implementation. We developed a simple but effective rule-based tool called COVID-19 TestNorm to automatically normalize local COVID-19 testing names to standard LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) …

Covid-19, Medical Education, And Bone Health: Insights From Project Echo, E Michael Lewiecki, Micol S. Rothman

Project ECHO Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Veterinarians’ Attitudes And Practices Regarding Opioid-Related Vet Shopping Practices In Tri-State Appalachian Counties: An Exploratory Study, Falguni C Patel, Jeffrey A Raines, Richard W Kim, Karen Gruszynski, Robert E Davis, Manoj Sharma, Gilbert Patterson, Jason W Johnson, Vinayak K Nahar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The opioid crisis continues to grow in the United States with 46,700 drug overdose deaths due to opioids in 2017 alone. Vet shopping, the practice of soliciting veterinarians for prescription medications, has been receiving national media attention in recent years. A 2014 review of Prescription Monitoring Drug Programs found less than 10 veterinary shoppers nationwide. Still much is unknown about the role of vet shopping and the opioid crisis. This study sought to understand the practice of vet shopping through the eyes of veterinarians practicing in Appalachian counties within the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, United States.

RESULTS: …

Linking Activity, Nutrition, And Child Health (Launch): Protocol For A Longitudinal Cohort Study Of Children As They Develop From Infancy To Preschool Age, Russell R. Pate, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Kerry Cordan, Marsha Dowda, Alexander C. Mclain, Myriam E. Torres, William H. Brown, Agnes Bucko, Emily R. Shull

Faculty Publications

Background

Physical activity is known to provide important health benefits in children ages 3 years and above, but little is known about the effects of physical activity on health in very young children under age 3. LAUNCH (Linking Activity, Nutrition, and Child Health) is a study designed to expand the body of knowledge on development of physical activity behavior and associations between physical activity and other health characteristics as children transition from infancy to preschool age.

Methods

Physical activity and sedentary behavior will be measured objectively in young children over a period of 30 months. Each child will complete a …

A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Two Novel Susceptible Regions For Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Head And Neck, Sanjay Shete, Hongliang Liu, Jian Wang, Robert Yu, Erich M Sturgis, Guojun Li, Kristina R Dahlstrom, Zhensheng Liu, Christopher I Amos, Qingyi Wei

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

To identify genetic variants for risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), we conducted a two-phase genome-wide association study consisting of 7,858,089 SNPs in 2,171 cases and 4,493 controls of non-Hispanic white, of which 434,839 typed and 7,423,250 imputed SNPs as the discovery. SNPs with P <1×10–3 were further validated in the OncoArray study of oral and pharynx cancer (5,205 cases and 3,232 controls of European ancestry) from dbGaP. Meta-analysis of the discovery and replication studies identified one novel locus 6p22.1 (P = 2.96×10–9 for the leading rs259919) and two cancer susceptibility loci 6p21.32 (rs3135001, HLA-DQB1) and 6p21.33 (rs1265081, CCHCR1) associated with SCCHN risk. Further stratification by tumor site revealed four known cancer loci (5p15.33, 6p21.32, 6p21.33, and 2p23.1) associated with oral cavity cancer risk and oropharyngeal cancer risk, respectively. In addition, one novel locus 18q22.2 (P = 2.54×10–9 for the leading SNP rs142021700) was identified for hypo-pharynx and larynx cancer risk. For SNPs in those reported or novel loci, we also performed functional annotations by bioinformatics prediction and eQTL analysis. Collectively, our identification of four reported loci (2p23.1, 5p15.33, 6p21.32, and 6p21.33) and two novel loci (6p22.1 and 18q22.2) for SCCHN risk highlight the importance of HLA loci for oropharyngeal cancer risk, suggesting that immunologic mechanisms are implicated in the etiology of this subset of SCCHN.

Implications Of New Understandings Of Gliomas In Children And Adults With Nf1: Report Of A Consensus Conference, Roger J Packer, David H Gutmann, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors occurring in children and adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Over the past decade, discoveries of the molecular basis of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) have led to new approaches for diagnosis and treatments. However, these new understandings have not been fully applied to the management of NF1-associated gliomas. A consensus panel consisting of experts in NF1 and gliomas was convened to review the current molecular knowledge of NF1-associated low-grade "transformed" and high-grade gliomas; insights gained from mouse models of NF1-LGGs; challenges in diagnosing and treating older patients with NF1-associated gliomas; and …

Zooming-Out Covid-19: Virtual Clinical Experiences In An Emergency Medicine Clerkship., Shruti Chandra, Chaiya Laoteppitaks, Nina Mingioni, Dimitrios Papanagnou

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

In the setting of the novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, it has been challenging to provide medical students in the Emergency Medicine (EM) clerkship meaningful clinical experiences that would meet clinical course goals and objectives, as well as satisfy Liaison Committee for Medical Education (LCME) requirements. During the EM clerkship, students play an integral role in interviewing patients, formulating treatment plans, facilitating patient discharges, and counseling patients. Immediately available direct and indirect supervision are paramount to ensure student learning and safe patient care. The authors present a novel clinical educational experience for senior medical students in an EM clerkship that …

Does Empathy Decline In The Clinical Phase Of Medical Education? A Nationwide, Multi-Institutional, Cross-Sectional Study Of Students At Do-Granting Medical Schools, Mohammadreza Hojat, Stephen C. Shannon, Jennifer Desantis, Mark R. Speicher, Lynn Bragan, Leonard H. Calabrese

CRMEHC Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: To examine differences in students' empathy in different years of medical school in a nationwide study of students of U.S. DO-granting medical schools.

METHOD: Participants in this cross-sectional study included 10,751 students enrolled in 41 of 48 campuses of DO-granting medical schools in the United States (3,616 first-year, 2,764 second-year, 2,413 third-year, and 1,958 fourth-year students). They completed a web-based survey at the end of the 2017-2018 academic year that included the Jefferson Scale of Empathy and the Infrequency Scale of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire for measuring "good impression" response bias. Comparisons were made on empathy scores among students …

Role Of Micro-Rna For Pain After Surgery: Narrative Review Of Animal And Human Studies, Juan P Cata, Aysegul Gorur, Xiaoyi Yuan, Nathaniel K Berg, Anil K Sood, Holger K Eltzschig

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

One of the most prevalent symptoms after major surgery is pain. When postoperative pain treatment is unsatisfactory, it can lead to poor surgical recovery, decreased quality of life, and increased health care costs. Current analgesics, single or in combination, have limited efficacy due to low potency, limited duration of action, toxicities, and risk of addiction. The lack of nonaddictive strong analgesics along with the over prescription of opioids has led to an opioid epidemic in the United States. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of newer analgesics. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that modulate …

Tfeb Is A Master Regulator Of Tumor-Associated Macrophages In Breast Cancer, Yong Li, Johnie Hodge, Qing Liu, Junfeng Wang, Yuzhen Wang, Trent D Evans, Diego Altomare, Yongzhong Yao, E. Angela Murphy, Babak Razani, Daping Fan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play key roles in the development of many malignant solid tumors including breast cancer. They are educated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance. However, the phenotype of TAMs is elusive and how to regulate them for therapeutic purpose remains unclear; therefore, TAM-targeting therapies have not yet achieved clinical success. The purposes of this study were to examine the role of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in regulating TAM gene expression and function and to determine if TFEB activation can halt breast tumor development.

METHODS: Microarrays were used to analyze the …

Antibiotic Prescription Practices In Primary Care In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Giorgia Sulis, Pierrick Adam, Vaidehi Nafade, Genevieve Gore, Benjamin Daniels, Amrita Daftary, Jishnu Das, Sumanth Gandra, Madhukar Pai

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: The widespread use of antibiotics plays a major role in the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. However, important knowledge gaps still exist regarding the extent of their use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly at the primary care level. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in primary care in LMICs to estimate the prevalence of antibiotic prescriptions as well as the proportion of such prescriptions that are inappropriate.

METHODS AND FINDINGS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Global Health, and CENTRAL for articles published between 1 January 2010 and 4 April 2019 without language restrictions. …

Epigenomic Programming In Early Fetal Brain Development, Luolan Li, Ting Wang, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

A Smartphone Based E-Consult In Addiction Medicine: An Initiative In Covid Lockdown., Aurobind Ganesh, Prashant Sahu, Shruti Nair, Prabhat Chand

Project ECHO Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Maternal Viral Load Monitoring: Coverage And Clinical Action At 4 Kenyan Hospitals., Matthew Sandbulte, Melinda Brown, Catherine Wexler, May Maloba, Brad Gautney, Kathy Goggin, Elizabeth Muchoki, Shadrack Babu, Nicodemus Maosa, Sarah Finocchario-Kessler

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Kenya's guidelines for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) recommend routine viral load (VL) monitoring for pregnant and breastfeeding women.

METHOD: We assessed PMTCT VL monitoring and clinical action occurring between last menstrual period (LMP) and 6 months postpartum at 4 Kenyan government hospitals. Pregnant women enrolled in the HIV Infant Tracking System from May 2016-March 2018 were included. We computed proportions who received VL testing within recommended timeframes and who received clinical action after unsuppressed VL result.

RESULTS: Of 424 participants, any VL testing was documented for 305 (72%) women and repeat VL testing was documented for …

Myeloma Cells Shift Osteoblastogenesis To Adipogenesis By Inhibiting The Ubiquitin Ligase Murf1 In Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Zhiqiang Liu, Huan Liu, Jin He, Pei Lin, Qiang Tong, Jing Yang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The suppression of bone formation is a hallmark of multiple myeloma. Myeloma cells inhibit osteoblastogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can also differentiate into adipocytes. We investigated myeloma-MSC interactions and the effects of such interactions on the differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes or osteoblasts using single-cell RNA sequencing, in vitro co-culture, and subcutaneous injection of MSCs and myeloma cells into mice. Our results revealed that the α4 subunit of integrin on myeloma cells stimulated vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) on MSCs, leading to the activation of protein kinase C β1 (PKCβ1) signaling and repression of the muscle ring-finger …

Study Protocol: Improving Cognition In People With Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Multi-Arm, Randomized, Blinded, Sham-Controlled Trial Of Cognitive Rehabilitation And Aerobic Exercise (Cogex), Anthony Feinstein, Amber Salter, Et Al

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction affects up to 70% of people with progressive MS (PMS). It can exert a deleterious effect on activities of daily living, employment and relationships. Preliminary evidence suggests that performance can improve with cognitive rehabilitation (CR) and aerobic exercise (EX), but existing data are predominantly from people with relapsing-remitting MS without cognitive impairment. There is therefore a need to investigate whether this is also the case in people with progressive forms of the disease who have objectively identified cognitive impairment. It is hypothesized that CR and EX are effective treatments for people with PMS who have cognitive impairment, …

Does Sars-Cov-2 Infection Cause Chronic Neurological Complications?, Erin R Hascup, Kevin N Hascup

Articles

The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has created an unparalleled health crisis. Besides the acute respiratory infection, CoVs are neuroinvasive causing additional inflammation and neurodegeneration. This is likely also true of SARS-CoV-2 given reports of neurological manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive patients. Older adults > 65 years of age constitute a high-risk group prone to severe infection and death. Despite the higher mortality rate, a majority of cases are expected to recover and survive from this viral outbreak. But, the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinfection are unknown. We discuss these potential chronic changes to …

Transcriptional Analyses Of Adult And Pediatric Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma Reveals Similar Expression Signatures Regarding Potential Therapeutic Targets, Eric Prince, Chibueze Agwu, David D Limbrick, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is a biologically benign but clinically aggressive lesion that has a significant impact on quality of life. The incidence of the disease has a bimodal distribution, with peaks occurring in children and older adults. Our group previously published the results of a transcriptome analysis of pediatric ACPs that identified several genes that were consistently overexpressed relative to other pediatric brain tumors and normal tissue. We now present the results of a transcriptome analysis comparing pediatric to adult ACP to identify biological differences between these groups that may provide novel therapeutic insights or support the assertion that potential …

Protein-Altering Germline Mutations Implicate Novel Genes Related To Lung Cancer Development., Xuemei Ji, Semanti Mukherjee, Maria Teresa Landi, Yohan Bosse, Philippe Joubert, Dakai Zhu, Ivan Gorlov, Xiangjun Xiao, Younghun Han, Olga Gorlova, Rayjean J Hung, Yonathan Brhane, Robert Carreras-Torres, David C Christiani, Neil Caporaso, Mattias Johansson, Geoffrey Liu, Stig E Bojesen, Loic Le Marchand, Demetrios Albanes, Heike Bickeböller, Melinda C Aldrich, William S Bush, Adonina Tardon, Gad Rennert, Chu Chen, Jinyoung Byun, Konstantin H Dragnev, John K Field, Lambertus Fa Kiemeney, Philip Lazarus, Shan Zienolddiny, Stephen Lam, Matthew B Schabath, Angeline S Andrew, Pier A Bertazzi, Angela C Pesatori, Nancy Diao, Li Su, Lei Song, Ruyang Zhang, Natasha Leighl, Jakob S Johansen, Anders Mellemgaard, Walid Saliba, Christopher Haiman, Lynne Wilkens, Ana Fernandez-Somoano, Guillermo Fernandez-Tardon, Erik H F M Van Der Heijden, Jin Hee Kim, Michael P A Davies, Michael W Marcus, Hans Brunnström, Jonas Manjer, Olle Melander, David C Muller, Kim Overvad, Antonia Trichopoulou, Rosario Tumino, Gary E Goodman, Angela Cox, Fiona Taylor, Penella Woll, Erich Wichmann, Thomas Muley, Angela Risch, Albert Rosenberger, Kjell Grankvist, Mikael Johansson, Frances Shepherd, Ming-Sound Tsao, Susanne M Arnold, Eric B Haura, Ciprian Bolca, Ivana Holcatova, Vladimir Janout, Milica Kontic, Jolanta Lissowska, Anush Mukeria, Simona Ognjanovic, Tadeusz M Orlowski, Ghislaine Scelo, Beata Swiatkowska, David Zaridze, Per Bakke, Vidar Skaug, Lesley M Butler, Kenneth Offit, Preethi Srinivasan, Chaitanya Bandlamudi, Matthew D Hellmann, David B Solit, Mark E Robson, Charles M Rudin, Zsofia K Stadler, Barry S Taylor, Michael F Berger, Richard Houlston, John Mclaughlin, Victoria Stevens, David C Nickle, Ma'en Obeidat, Wim Timens, María Soler Artigas, Sanjay Shete, Hermann Brenner, Stephen Chanock, Paul Brennan, James D Mckay, Christopher I Amos

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Few germline mutations are known to affect lung cancer risk. We performed analyses of rare variants from 39,146 individuals of European ancestry and investigated gene expression levels in 7,773 samples. We find a large-effect association with an ATM L2307F (rs56009889) mutation in adenocarcinoma for discovery (adjusted Odds Ratio = 8.82, P = 1.18 × 10-15) and replication (adjusted OR = 2.93, P = 2.22 × 10-3) that is more pronounced in females (adjusted OR = 6.81 and 3.19 and for discovery and replication). We observe an excess loss of heterozygosity in lung tumors among ATM L2307F allele carriers. L2307F is …

Multi-Omic Single-Cell Snapshots Reveal Multiple Independent Trajectories To Drug Tolerance In A Melanoma Cell Line., Yapeng Su, Melissa E Ko, Hanjun Cheng, Ronghui Zhu, Min Xue, Jessica Wang, Jihoon W Lee, Luke Frankiw, Alexander Xu, Stephanie Wong, Lidia Robert, Kaitlyn Takata, Dan Yuan, Yue Lu, Sui Huang, Antoni Ribas, Raphael Levine, Garry P Nolan, Wei Wei, Sylvia K Plevritis, Guideng Li, David Baltimore, James R Heath

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The determination of individual cell trajectories through a high-dimensional cell-state space is an outstanding challenge for understanding biological changes ranging from cellular differentiation to epigenetic responses of diseased cells upon drugging. We integrate experiments and theory to determine the trajectories that single BRAFV600E mutant melanoma cancer cells take between drug-naive and drug-tolerant states. Although single-cell omics tools can yield snapshots of the cell-state landscape, the determination of individual cell trajectories through that space can be confounded by stochastic cell-state switching. We assayed for a panel of signaling, phenotypic, and metabolic regulators at points across 5 days of drug treatment to …

Synaptic Dysfunction Induced By Glycine-Alanine Dipeptides In C9orf72-Als/Ftd Is Rescued By Sv2 Replenishment., Brigid K Jensen, Martin H Schuldi, Kevin Mcavoy, Katelyn A Russell, Ashley Boehringer, Bridget M Curran, Karthik Krishnamurthy, Xinmei Wen, Thomas Westergard, Le Ma, Aaron R. Haeusler, Dieter Edbauer, Piera Pasinelli, Davide Trotti

Department of Neuroscience Faculty Papers

The most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an intronic hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene. In disease, RNA transcripts containing this expanded region undergo repeat-associated non-AUG translation to produce dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), which are detected in brain and spinal cord of patients and are neurotoxic both in vitro and in vivo paradigms. We reveal here a novel pathogenic mechanism for the most abundantly detected DPR in ALS/FTD autopsy tissues, poly-glycine-alanine (GA). Previously, we showed motor dysfunction in a GA mouse model without loss of motor neurons. Here, we demonstrate that mobile …

Switching To Lurasidone Following 12 Months Of Treatment With Risperidone: Results Of A 6-Month, Open-Label Study, Greg W Mattingly, Peter M Haddad, Michael Tocco, Jane Xu, Debra Phillips, Andrei Pikalov, Antony Loebel

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia are at an increased risk for developing metabolic syndrome, which is associated with greater cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Treatment with some commonly used antipsychotic medications may increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of lurasidone in patients who continued lurasidone or switched from risperidone to lurasidone. A secondary aim was assessment of the effect of long-term lurasidone on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

METHODS: The treatment sample in the current study consisted of clinically stable patients with schizophrenia (N = 223) …

Dermatologists In The Wild West, 1870-1900: The Early Pioneers From The Mississippi River To The Pacific Coast., Leonard J Hoenig, Lawrence Charles Parish

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

During the Wild West era of American history (approximately 1870-1900), at least 53 dermatologists settled between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Coast. In 1870, two dermatologists began their practice in the city of St Louis, Missouri (William Augustus Hardaway and Solomon Claiborne Martin, Sr) and one dermatologist started his practice in San Francisco, California (George J. Bucknall). By 1900, 50 more dermatologists had settled in 19 cities located in the American West (Tables 1,2). There, they established practices, initiated academic programs, and pioneered dermatology as a medical specialty in the western United States. This contribution provides brief biographic profiles …

Creating Covid-19 Stigma By Referencing The Novel Coronavirus As The "Chinese Virus" On Twitter: Quantitative Analysis Of Social Media Data, Henna Budhwani, Ruoyan Sun

All publications

Background: Stigma is the deleterious, structural force that devalues members of groups that hold undesirable characteristics. Since stigma is created and reinforced by society-through in-person and online social interactions-referencing the novel coronavirus as the "Chinese virus" or "China virus" has the potential to create and perpetuate stigma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess if there was an increase in the prevalence and frequency of the phrases "Chinese virus" and "China virus" on Twitter after the March 16, 2020, US presidential reference of this term.

Methods: Using the Sysomos software (Sysomos, Inc), we extracted tweets from the United …

A Management Algorithm For Adult Patients With Both Brain Oxygen And Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: The Seattle International Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Consensus Conference (Sibicc), Randall Chesnut, Michael Diringer, Et Al

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for the treatment of adult severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) consist of high-quality evidence reports, but they are no longer accompanied by management protocols, as these require expert opinion to bridge the gap between published evidence and patient care. We aimed to establish a modern sTBI protocol for adult patients with both intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain oxygen monitors in place.

METHODS: Our consensus working group consisted of 42 experienced and actively practicing sTBI opinion leaders from six continents. Having previously established a protocol for the treatment of patients with ICP monitoring alone, we addressed patients who …

The Β3-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Mirabegron Improves Glucose Homeostasis In Obese Humans, Brian S. Finlin, Hasiyet Memetimin, Beibei Zhu, Amy L. Confides, Hemendra J. Vekaria, Riham H. El Khouli, Zachary R. Johnson, Philip M. Westgate, Jianzhong Chen, Andrew J. Morris, Patrick G. Sullivan, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden, Philip A. Kern

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND. Beige adipose tissue is associated with improved glucose homeostasis in mice. Adipose tissue contains β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs), and this study was intended to determine whether the treatment of obese, insulin-resistant humans with the β3-AR agonist mirabegron, which stimulates beige adipose formation in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SC WAT), would induce other beneficial changes in fat and muscle and improve metabolic homeostasis.

METHODS. Before and after β3-AR agonist treatment, oral glucose tolerance tests and euglycemic clamps were performed, and histochemical analysis and gene expression profiling were performed on fat and muscle biopsies. PET-CT scans quantified brown adipose tissue volume and …

Perceptions Of Risk For Stress Fractures: A Qualitative Study Of Female Runners With And Without Stress Fracture Histories., Therese E Johnston, Jeremy Close, Phil Jamora, Susan F Wainwright

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: To gain insight into perceived factors related to bone health and stress fracture (SF) prevention for female runners and to understand their experiences within the medical community.

DESIGN: Cohort qualitative study.

SETTING: University health system.

PARTICIPANTS: Forty female runners, 20 who had SF histories and 20 age-and-running-distance matched women without SF.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women participated in audiotaped qualitative semi-structured interviews. For women with a SF history, questions sought their perspectives on factors that they felt contributed to SF, experiences with the medical community, and changes made post SF. For women without a SF history, questions sought perspectives on …

Delineation Of Phenotypes And Genotypes Related To Cohesin Structural Protein Rad21, Lianne C Krab, Marwan Shinawi, Et Al

Open Access Publications

RAD21 encodes a key component of the cohesin complex, and variants in RAD21 have been associated with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). Limited information on phenotypes attributable to RAD21 variants and genotype-phenotype relationships is currently published. We gathered a series of 49 individuals from 33 families with RAD21 alterations [24 different intragenic sequence variants (2 recurrent), 7 unique microdeletions], including 24 hitherto unpublished cases. We evaluated consequences of 12 intragenic variants by protein modelling and molecular dynamic studies. Full clinical information was available for 29 individuals. Their phenotype is an attenuated CdLS phenotype compared to that caused by variants in …