Digital Commons Network^™

Initial Laparotomy Versus Peritoneal Drainage In Extremely Low Birthweight Infants With Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis Or Isolated Intestinal Perforation: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial, Martin L Blakely, Jon E Tyson, Kevin P Lally, Susan R Hintz, Barry Eggleston, David K Stevenson, Gail E Besner, Abhik Das, Robin K Ohls, William E Truog, Leif D Nelin, Brenda B Poindexter, Claudia Pedroza, Michele C Walsh, Barbara J Stoll, Rachel Geller, Kathleen A Kennedy, Reed A Dimmitt, Waldemar A Carlo, C Michael Cotten, Abbot R Laptook, Krisa P Van Meurs, Kara L Calkins, Gregory M Sokol, Pablo J Sanchez, Myra H Wyckoff, Ravi M Patel, Ivan D Frantz, Seetha Shankaran, Carl T D'Angio, Bradley A Yoder, Edward F Bell, Kristi L Watterberg, Colin A Martin, Carroll M Harmon, Henry Rice, Arlet G Kurkchubasche, Karl Sylvester, James C Y Dunn, Troy A Markel, Diana L Diesen, Amina M Bhatia, Alan Flake, Walter J Chwals, Rebeccah Brown, Kathryn D Bass, Shawn D St Peter, Christina M Shanti, Walter Pegoli, David Skarda, Joel Shilyansky, David G Lemon, Ricardo A Mosquera, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Ricki F Goldstein, Betty R Vohr, Isabell B Purdy, Abbey C Hines, Nathalie L Maitre, Roy J Heyne, Sara B Demauro, Elisabeth C Mcgowan, Kimberly Yolton, Howard W Kilbride, Girija Natarajan, Kelley Yost, Sarah Winter, Tarah T Colaizy, Matthew M Laughon, Satyanarayana Lakshminrusimha, Rosemary D Higgins, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health And Human Development Neonatal Research Network

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine which initial surgical treatment results in the lowest rate of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or isolated intestinal perforation (IP).

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The impact of initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage for NEC or IP on the rate of death or NDI in extremely low birth weight infants is unknown.

METHODS: We conducted the largest feasible randomized trial in 20 US centers, comparing initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage. The primary outcome was a composite of death or NDI at 18 to 22 months corrected …

Initial Laparotomy Versus Peritoneal Drainage In Extremely Low Birthweight Infants With Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis Or Isolated Intestinal Perforation: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial, Martin L Blakely, Jon E Tyson, Kevin P Lally, Susan R Hintz, Barry Eggleston, David K Stevenson, Gail E Besner, Abhik Das, Robin K Ohls, William E Truog, Leif D Nelin, Brenda B Poindexter, Claudia Pedroza, Michele C Walsh, Barbara J Stoll, Rachel Geller, Kathleen A Kennedy, Reed A Dimmitt, Waldemar A Carlo, C Michael Cotten, Abbot R Laptook, Krisa P Van Meurs, Kara L Calkins, Gregory M Sokol, Pablo J Sanchez, Myra H Wyckoff, Ravi M Patel, Ivan D Frantz, Seetha Shankaran, Carl T D'Angio, Bradley A Yoder, Edward F Bell, Kristi L Watterberg, Colin A Martin, Carroll M Harmon, Henry Rice, Arlet G Kurkchubasche, Karl Sylvester, James C Y Dunn, Troy A Markel, Diana L Diesen, Amina M Bhatia, Alan Flake, Walter J Chwals, Rebeccah Brown, Kathryn D Bass, Shawn D St Peter, Christina M Shanti, Walter Pegoli, David Skarda, Joel Shilyansky, David G Lemon, Ricardo A Mosquera, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Ricki F Goldstein, Betty R Vohr, Isabell B Purdy, Abbey C Hines, Nathalie L Maitre, Roy J Heyne, Sara B Demauro, Elisabeth C Mcgowan, Kimberly Yolton, Howard W Kilbride, Girija Natarajan, Kelley Yost, Sarah Winter, Tarah T Colaizy, Matthew M Laughon, Satyanarayana Lakshminrusimha, Rosemary D Higgins, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health And Human Development Neonatal Research Network

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine which initial surgical treatment results in the lowest rate of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or isolated intestinal perforation (IP).

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The impact of initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage for NEC or IP on the rate of death or NDI in extremely low birth weight infants is unknown.

METHODS: We conducted the largest feasible randomized trial in 20 US centers, comparing initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage. The primary outcome was a composite of death or NDI at 18 to 22 months corrected …

Preparing Nursing Homes For A Second Wave Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), A Rekha Murthy, Hilary Babcock, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Impact Of The Hop-Up-Pt Program On Older Adults At Risk To Fall: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Sara K. Arena, Christopher M. Wilson, Lori Boright, Edward L. Peterson

Public Health Sciences Articles

BACKGROUND: Reduced falls and fall risks have been observed among older adults referred to the HOP-UP-PT (Home-based Older Persons Upstreaming Prevention-Physical Therapy) program. The purpose of this study was to describe outcomes of HOP-UP-PT program participants and then to compare these outcomes to non-participants.

METHODS: Six Michigan senior centers referred adults ≥65 years who were at-risk for functional decline or falls. 144 participants (n = 72 per group) were randomized to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG). Physical therapists (PTs) delivered physical, environmental, and health interventions to the EG over nine encounters (six in-person, three telerehabilitation) …

Using Increased Trust In Medical Researchers To Increase Minority Recruitment: The Recruit Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial, Barbara C Tilley, Arch G Mainous, Rossybelle P Amorrortu, M Diane Mckee, Daniel W Smith, Ruosha Li, Stacia M Desantis, Sally W Vernon, Gary Koch, Marvella E Ford, Vanessa Diaz, Jennifer Alvidrez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

While extensive literature exists on barriers and strategies to increase minority participation in clinical trials, progress is limited. Few strategies were evaluated in randomized trials. We studied the impact of RECRUIT, a trust-based, cluster randomized minority recruitment trial layered on top of four traditional NIH-funded parent trials (BMT CTN, CABANA, PACES, STEADY-PD III; fifty specialty sites). RECRUIT was conducted from July 2013 through April 2017. Intervention sites implemented trust-based approaches customized to individual sites, promoting relationships between physician-investigators and minority-serving physicians and their minority patients. Control sites implemented only parent trials' recruitment procedures. Adjusting for within-site clustering, we detected no …

Barriers To Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities: A Systematic Review, Trisha L Amboree, Charles Darkoh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with poor health outcomes, including cervical cancer. Racial/ethnic minority populations experience poor health outcomes associated with HPV at higher rates. A vaccine is available to protect against HPV infections and prevent HPV-related sequelae; however, vaccination rates have remained low in the United States (U.S.) population. Thus, there is an urgent need to increase the HPV vaccination rate. Moreover, little is known about barriers to HPV vaccination in racial/ethnic minority groups. This paper highlights the most recent findings on barriers experienced by these groups.

METHODS: The PubMed database was searched on July 30, 2020, for …

Protocol For Draup: A Deimplementation Programme To Decrease Routine Chest Radiographs After Central Venous Catheter Insertion, Enyo Ablordeppey, Byron Powell, Virginia Mckay, Shannon Keating, Aimee James, Christopher Carpenter, Marin Kollef, Richard Griffey

Open Access Publications

INTRODUCTION: Avoiding low value medical practices is an important focus in current healthcare utilisation. Despite advantages of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) over chest X-ray including improved workflow and timeliness of results, POCUS-guided central venous catheter (CVC) position confirmation has slow rate of adoption. This demonstrates a gap that is ripe for the development of an intervention.

METHODS: The intervention is a deimplementation programme called DRAUP (

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Approval of the study by the Human Research Protection Office has been obtained. This work will be disseminated by publication of peer-reviewed manuscripts, presentation in abstract form at scientific meetings and data …

Perspectives From The Society For Pediatric Research: Advice On Sustaining Science And Mentoring During Covid-19, Catherine S Forster, Suong T Nguyen, Weston T Powell, Daniel J Moore, Jacqueline Ho, Melvin B Heyman, Tara L Wenger, Fernando Gonzalez, Margaret Hostetter, Andrew Nowalk, Caroline E Rassbach, Debra Boyer, Pnina Weiss, Rebecca L Blankenburg, Jordan S Orange, Kate G Ackerman, Audrea M Burns, National Pediatric Physician-Scientist Collaborative Workgroup

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic will leave an indelible mark on the careers of current medical trainees. Given the disruptions to medical education, economic impact on institutions, and the uncertainties around future job prospects, trainees are facing unprecedented challenges. This situation is especially concerning for futures of pediatric physician-scientist trainees, where concerns regarding maintaining the pipeline were well documented prior to the emergence of COVID-19. In this Perspectives article, we leverage the unique expertise of our workgroup to address concerns of physician-scientist trainees and to provide suggestions on how to navigate career trajectories in the post-COVID-19 era. We identified and addressed four …

Coaching Junior Faculty For The Uncertainties Of Academic Professional Practice, Richard Mcknight, Dimitrios Papanagnou

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Looking For Consistency In An Uncertain World: Test-Retest Reliability Of Neurophysiological And Behavioral Readouts In Autism., Shlomit Beker, John J Foxe, John Venticinque, Juliana Bates, Elizabeth M Ridgeway, Roseann C Schaaf, Sophie Molholm

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with altered sensory processing and perception. Scalp recordings of electrical brain activity time-locked to sensory events (event-related potentials; ERPs) provide precise information on the time-course of related altered neural activity, and can be used to model the cortical loci of the underlying neural networks. Establishing the test-retest reliability of these sensory brain responses in ASD is critical to their use as biomarkers of neural dysfunction in this population.

METHODS: EEG and behavioral data were acquired from 33 children diagnosed with ASD aged 6-9.4 years old, while they performed a child-friendly task at two …

Are Family Medicine Residents Trained To Counsel Patients On Physical Activity? The Canadian Experience And A Call To Action., Jane Thornton, Karim Khan, Richard Weiler, Christopher Mackie, Robert Petrella

Family Medicine Publications

Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and early mortality. Family physicians have an important role in providing physical activity counselling to patients to help prevent and treat NCDs. Lack of training on physical activity counselling is a barrier in undergraduate medical education, yet little is known regarding physical activity teaching in postgraduate family medicine residency. We assessed the provision, content and future direction of physical activity teaching in Canadian postgraduate family medicine residency programs to address this data gap. Fewer than half of Canadian Family Medicine Residency Programme directors reported providing structured physical activity counselling …

Community And Social Context: An Important Social Determinant Of Cardiovascular Disease., Rahul Singh, Zulqarnain Javed, Tamer Yahya, Javier Valero-Elizondo, Isaac Acquah, Adnan A. Hyder, Muhammad Haisum Maqsood, Zahir Amin, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Khurram Nasir

Global Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Rapidiron: Reducing Anaemia In Pregnancy In India-A 3-Arm, Randomized-Controlled Trial Comparing The Effectiveness Of Oral Iron With Single-Dose Intravenous Iron In The Treatment Of Iron Deficiency Anaemia In Pregnant Women And Reducing Low Birth Weight Deliveries., Richard J. Derman, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Simal Thind, Sudhir Bhandari, Zubair H. Aghai, Michael Auerbach, Rupsa Boelig, Umesh S. Charantimath, Rosemary Frasso, M. S. Ganachari, Kusum Lata Gaur, Michael K. Georgieff, Frances Jaeger, S. Yogeshkumar, Parth Lalakia, Benjamin Leiby, Mita Majumdar, Amarjeet Mehta, Seema Mehta, Sudhir Mehta, Stephen T. Mennemeyer, Amit P. Revankar, Dharmesh Kumar Sharma, Vanessa Short, Manjunath S Somannavar, Dennis Wallace, Hemang Shah, Manjula Singh, Sufia Askari, Mrutyunjaya B. Bellad, Rapidiron Trial Group

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Anaemia is a worldwide problem and iron deficiency is the most common cause. In pregnancy, anaemia increases the risk of adverse maternal, foetal and neonatal outcomes. India's anaemia rate is among the highest in the world with India's National Family Health Survey indicating over 50% of pregnant women were affected by anaemia. India's Anaemia Mukt Bharat-Intensified National Iron Plus Initiative aims to reduce the prevalence of anaemia among reproductive-age women, adolescents and children by 3% per year and facilitate the achievement of a Global World Health Assembly 2025 objective to achieve a 50% reduction of anaemia among women of …

The Dynamic Proteome Of Lyme Disease Borrelia, Anahita Fouladzadeh, Mohsen Dorraki, Kay Khine Myo Min, Michaelia P Cockshell, Emma J Thompson, Johan W Verjans, Andrew Allison, Claudine S Bonder, Derek Abbott

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The growth of solid tumours relies on an ever-increasing supply of oxygen and nutrients that are delivered via vascular networks. Tumour vasculature includes endothelial cell lined angiogenesis and the less common cancer cell lined vasculogenic mimicry (VM). To study and compare the development of vascular networks formed during angiogenesis and VM (represented here by breast cancer and pancreatic cancer cell lines) a number of in vitro assays were utilised. From live cell imaging, we performed a large-scale automated extraction of network parameters and identified properties not previously reported. We show that for both angiogenesis and VM, the characteristic network path …

Discovery Of Potent Bet Bromodomain 1 Stereoselective Inhibitors Using Dna-Encoded Chemical Library Selections, Rajesh Sharma, Kyoung-Jae Choi, My Diem Quan, Sonum Sharma, Banumathi Sankaran, Hyekyung Park, Anel Lagrone, Jean J Kim, Kevin R Mackenzie, Allan Chris M Ferreon, Choel Kim, Josephine C Ferreon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Expression of a few master transcription factors can reprogram the epigenetic landscape and three-dimensional chromatin topology of differentiated cells and achieve pluripotency. During reprogramming, thousands of long-range chromatin contacts are altered, and changes in promoter association with enhancers dramatically influence transcription. Molecular participants at these sites have been identified, but how this re-organization might be orchestrated is not known. Biomolecular condensation is implicated in subcellular organization, including the recruitment of RNA polymerase in transcriptional activation. Here, we show that reprogramming factor KLF4 undergoes biomolecular condensation even in the absence of its intrinsically disordered region. Liquid-liquid condensation of the isolated KLF4 …

Increased Blood Pressure Variability And The Risk Of Probable Dementia Or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Post Hoc Analysis Of The Sprint Mind Trial, Adam De Havenon, Mohammad Anadani, Shyam Prabhakaran, Ka-Ho Wong, Shadi Yaghi, Natalia Rost

Open Access Publications

Background Increased systolic blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with stroke, cardiovascular disease, and dementia and mild cognitive impairment. However, prior studies assessing the relationship between BPV and dementia or mild cognitive impairment had infrequent measurement of blood pressure or suboptimal blood pressure control. Methods and Results We performed a post hoc analysis of the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) MIND (Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension) trial. The primary outcome was probable dementia during follow-up. We defined our exposure period, during which blood pressures were collected, as the first 600 days of the trial, and outcomes were ascertained …

Exploring Contextual Factors Influencing The Implementation Of Evidence-Based Care For Hypertension In Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study Using The Coach Questionnaire, Ana Baumann, Cole Hooley, Charles Goss, Vincent Mutabazi, Angela Brown, Kenneth Schechtman, Marc Twagirumukiza, Lisa De Las Fuentes, Dominic Reeds, Makeda Williams, Eugene Mutimura, Anna Bergström, Aurore Nishimwe, Cecile Ingabire, Victor Davila-Roman

Open Access Publications

IMPORTANCE: Hypertension is the largest contributor to the Global Burden of Disease. In Rwanda, as in most low-income and middle-income countries, an increasing prevalence of hypertension and its associated morbidity and mortality is causing major healthcare and economic impact. Understanding healthcare systems context in hypertension care is necessary.

OBJECTIVE: To study the hypertension healthcare context as perceived by healthcare providers using the Context Assessment for Community Health (COACH) tool.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional cohort responded to the COACH questionnaire and a survey about hypertension training.

SETTING: Three tertiary care hospitals in Rwanda.

PARTICIPANTS: Healthcare professionals (n=223).

PRIMARY OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The …

You Learn How To Hate': Adapting A Healthy Relationship Curriculum Using A Trauma-Informed Race Equity Lens, Shannon Guillot-Wright, Elizabeth D Torres, Bianca Obinyan, Jeff R Temple

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Teen dating violence is a public health concern that can lead to short- and long-term mental and physical health consequences, including depression, anxiety, risky behaviors, and unhealthy future relationships. Research shows that social and structural determinants of health, such as racism, low socio-economic status, and neighborhood conditions, may predispose certain communities to violence. to better understand methods to reduce TDV among ethnically and economically diverse populations, we used a trauma-informed race equity lens to adapt an efficacious prevention program known as

Trichomonas Vaginalis Detection In Urogenital Specimens From Symptomatic And Asymptomatic Men And Women By Use Of The Cobas Tv/Mg Test, Barbara Van Der Pol, David Eisenberg, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Trichomonas vaginalis is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI). Diagnosis has historically relied on either microscopic analysis or culture, the latter being the previous gold standard. However, these tests are not readily available for male diagnosis, generally only perform well for symptomatic women, and are not as sensitive as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Men are largely asymptomatic but carry the organism and transmit to their sexual partners. This multicenter, prospective study evaluated the performance of the cobas T. vaginalis/Mycoplasma genitalium (TV/MG) assay for detection of T. vaginalis DNA compared with patient infection status (PIS) defined by a combination of …

Genetic Counseling As Preventive Intervention: Toward Individual Specification Of Transgenerational Autism Risk, Natasha Marrus, Tychele N Turner, Elizabeth Forsen, Drew Bolster, Alison Marvin, Andrew Whitehouse, Laura Klinger, Christina A Gurnett, J N Constantino

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Although autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are among the most heritable of all neuropsychiatric syndromes, most affected children are born to unaffected parents. Recently, we reported an average increase of 3-5% over general population risk of ASD among offspring of adults who have first-degree relatives with ASD in a large epidemiologic family sample. A next essential step is to investigate whether there are measurable characteristics of individual parents placing them at higher or lower recurrence risk, as this information could allow more personalized genetic counseling.

METHODS: We assembled what is to our knowledge the largest collection of data on the …

Current Neurologic Treatment And Emerging Therapies In Cdkl5 Deficiency Disorder, Heather E Olson, Judith L Weisenberg, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is associated with refractory infantile onset epilepsy, global developmental delay, and variable features that include sleep, behavioral disturbances, and movement disorders. Current treatment is primarily symptom-based and informed by experience in caring for this population.

METHODS: We describe medication and non-medication approaches to treatment of epilepsy and additional key neurologic symptoms (sleep disturbances, behavioral issues, movement disorders, and swallowing dysfunction) in a cohort of 177 individuals meeting criteria for CDD, 154 evaluated at 4 CDKL5 Centers of Excellence in the USA and 40 identified through the NIH Natural History Study of Rett and Related Disorders. …

Neuropathic Pain: Biomolecular Intervention And Imaging Via Targeting Microglia Activation, Aijun Ji, Jinbin Xu

Open Access Publications

Many diseases, including cancer, can lead to neuropathic pain (NP). NP is one of the accompanying symptoms of suffering in many conditions and the life quality of NP patient is seriously affected. Due to complex causes, the effects of clinical treatments have been very unsatisfactory. Many experts have found that neuron-microglia interaction plays an essential role in NP occurrence and development. Therefore, the activation of microglia, related inflammatory mediators and molecular and cellular signaling pathways have become the focus of NP research. With the help of modern functional imaging technology, advanced pre-and clinical studies have been carried out and NP …

Understanding Pediatric Surgery Cancellation: Geospatial Analysis, Lei Liu, Yizhao Ni, Andrew F Beck, Cole Brokamp, Ryan C Ramphul, Linda D Highfield, Megha Karkera Kanjia, J Nick Pratap

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Day-of-surgery cancellation (DoSC) represents a substantial wastage of hospital resources and can cause significant inconvenience to patients and families. Cancellation is reported to impact between 2% and 20% of the 50 million procedures performed annually in American hospitals. Up to 85% of cancellations may be amenable to the modification of patients' and families' behaviors. However, the factors underlying DoSC and the barriers experienced by families are not well understood.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to conduct a geospatial analysis of patient-specific variables from electronic health records (EHRs) of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) and of Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), …

Brain White Matter Structure And Amyloid Deposition In Black And White Older Adults: The Aric-Pet Study, Keenan A Walker, Noah Silverstein, Yun Zhou, Timothy M Hughes, Clifford R Jack, David S Knopman, A Richey Sharrett, Dean F Wong, Thomas H Mosley, Rebecca F Gottesman

Open Access Publications

Background White matter abnormalities are a common feature of aging and Alzheimer disease, and tend to be more severe among Black individuals. However, the extent to which white matter abnormalities relate to amyloid deposition, a marker of Alzheimer pathology, remains unclear. This cross-sectional study examined the association of white matter abnormalities with cortical amyloid in a community sample of older adults without dementia and examined the moderating effect of race. Methods and Results Participants from the ARIC-PET (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities-Positron Emission Tomography) study underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging, which quantified white matter hyperintensity volume and microstructural integrity using diffusion …

Transcriptional Network Involving Erg And Ar Orchestrates Distal-Less Homeobox-1 Mediated Prostate Cancer Progression, Sakshi Goel, Vipul Bhatia, Sushmita Kundu, Tanay Biswas, Shannon Carskadon, Nilesh S. Gupta, Mohammad Asim, Colm Morrissey, Nallasivam Palanisamy, Bushra Ateeq

Urology Articles

Distal-less homeobox-1 (DLX1) is a well-established non-invasive biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, however, its mechanistic underpinnings in disease pathobiology are not known. Here, we reveal the oncogenic role of DLX1 and show that abrogating its function leads to reduced tumorigenesis and metastases. We observed that ~60% of advanced-stage and metastatic patients display higher DLX1 levels. Moreover, ~96% of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive and ~70% of androgen receptor (AR)-positive patients show elevated DLX1, associated with aggressive disease and poor survival. Mechanistically, ERG coordinates with enhancer-bound AR and FOXA1 to drive transcriptional upregulation of DLX1 in ERG-positive background. However, in ERG-negative context, AR/AR-V7 …

Relationship Between Food Insecurity And Smoking Status Among Women Living With And At Risk For Hiv In The Usa: A Cohort Study, Lila A. Sheira, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Judith Hahn, Kartika Palar, Elise D. Riley, Tracey E. Wilson, Adebola Adedimeji, Daniel Merenstein, Mardge Cohen, Eryka L. Wentz, Adaora A. Adimora, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Lisa Metsch, Janet M. Turan, Phyllis C. Tien, Sheri D. Weiser

Faculty Publications

Objectives People living with HIV (PLHIV) in the USA, particularly women, have a higher prevalence of food insecurity than the general population. Cigarette smoking among PLHIV is common (42%), and PLHIV are 6–13 times more likely to die from lung cancer than AIDS related causes. This study sought to investigate the associations between food security status and smoking status and severity among a cohort of predominantly low-income women of colour living with and without HIV in the USA.

Design Women enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal cohort study from 2013 to 2015.

Setting Nine participating sites across the USA.

Participants 2553 …

The Concurrence Of Dna Methylation And Demethylation Is Associated With Transcription Regulation, Jiejun Shi, Jianfeng Xu, Yiling Elaine Chen, Jason Sheng Li, Ya Cui, Lanlan Shen, Jingyi Jessica Li, Wei Li

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The mammalian DNA methylome is formed by two antagonizing processes, methylation by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and demethylation by ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases. Although the dynamics of either methylation or demethylation have been intensively studied in the past decade, the direct effects of their interaction on gene expression remain elusive. Here, we quantify the concurrence of DNA methylation and demethylation by the percentage of unmethylated CpGs within a partially methylated read from bisulfite sequencing. After verifying 'methylation concurrence' by its strong association with the co-localization of DNMT and TET enzymes, we observe that methylation concurrence is strongly correlated with gene expression. …

Endothelium-Specific Depletion Of Lrp1 Improves Glucose Homeostasis Through Inducing Osteocalcin, Hua Mao, Luge Li, Qiying Fan, Aude Angelini, Pradip K Saha, Cristian Coarfa, Kimal Rajapakshe, Dimuthu Perera, Jizhong Cheng, Huaizhu Wu, Christie M Ballantyne, Zheng Sun, Liang Xie, Xinchun Pi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The vascular endothelium is present within metabolic organs and actively regulates energy metabolism. Here we show osteocalcin, recognized as a bone-secreted metabolic hormone, is expressed in mouse primary endothelial cells isolated from heart, lung and liver. In human osteocalcin promoter-driven green fluorescent protein transgenic mice, green fluorescent protein signals are enriched in endothelial cells lining aorta, small vessels and capillaries and abundant in aorta, skeletal muscle and eye of adult mice. The depletion of lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 induces osteocalcin through a Forkhead box O -dependent pathway in endothelial cells. Whereas depletion of osteocalcin abolishes the glucose-lowering effect of low-density …

Fusion And Beyond: Satellite Cell Contributions To Loading-Induced Skeletal Muscle Adaptation, Kevin A. Murach, Christopher S. Fry, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden, John J. Mccarthy, Charlotte A. Peterson

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

Satellite cells support adult skeletal muscle fiber adaptations to loading in numerous ways. The fusion of satellite cells, driven by cell-autonomous and/or extrinsic factors, contributes new myonuclei to muscle fibers, associates with load-induced hypertrophy, and may support focal membrane damage repair and long-term myonuclear transcriptional output. Recent studies have also revealed that satellite cells communicate within their niche to mediate muscle remodeling in response to resistance exercise, regulating the activity of numerous cell types through various mechanisms such as secretory signaling and cell–cell contact. Muscular adaptation to resistance and endurance activity can be initiated and sustained for a period of …

Aortic Fistulas: Pathophysiologic Features, Imaging Findings, And Diagnostic Pitfalls, Aishwarya Gulati, Md, Harit Kapoor, Md, Achala Donuru, Mbbs, Frcr, Kunal Gala, Mbbs, Dnb, Maansi Parekh, Mbbs, Dnb

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Fistulas between the aorta and surrounding organs are extremely rare but can be fatal if they are not identified and treated promptly. Most of these fistulas are associated with a history of trauma or vascular intervention. However, spontaneous aortic fistulas (AoFs) can develop in patients with weakened vasculature, which can be due to advanced atherosclerotic disease, collagen-vascular disease, vasculitides, and/or hematogenous infections. The clinical features of AoFs are often nonspecific, with patients presenting with bleeding manifestations, back or abdominal pain, fever, and shock. Confirmation with invasive endoscopy is often impractical in the acute setting. Imaging plays an important role in …