Digital Commons Network^™

Informing An Mhealth Intervention To Improve The Hiv Care Continuum In South Africa, Lisa Michelle Diandreth, Nandita Krishnan, Jessica L. Elf, Sarah Cox, Carla Tilchin, Munei Nthulana, Nadine Kronis, Elisa Dupuis, Katlego Motlhaoleng, Jonathan Golub

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Discuss the multi-level barriers impacting the HIV care continuum and the potential use of an mHealth intervention to improve initiation and retention in HIV treatment in South Africa.

Injection Partners, Hcv, And Hiv Status Among Rural Persons Who Inject Drugs In Puerto Rico, Patrick Habecker, Roberto Abadie, Melissa L. Welch-Lazoritz, Juan Carlos Reyes, Bilal Khan, Kirk Dombrowski

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Background—The prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV among persons who inject drugs (PWID) and the ability of these diseases to spread through injection networks are well documented in urban areas. However, less is known about injection behaviors in rural areas.

Objectives—This study focuses on the association between the number of self-reported injection partners with the PWID’s self-reported HCV and HIV status. Injection networks provide paths for infection and information to flow, and are important to consider when developing prevention and intervention strategies.

Methods—Respondent driven sampling was used to conduct 315 interviews with PWID in rural Puerto Rico during 2015. …

Integrated Models Of Care For Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder: How Do We Prevent Hiv And Hcv?, Katherine M. Rich, Joshua Bia, Frederick L. Altice, Judith Feinberg

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Purpose of Review To describe models of integrated and co-located care for opioid use disorder (OUD), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV. Recent Findings The design and scale-up of multidisciplinary care models that engage, retain, and treat individuals with HIV, HCV, and OUD are critical to preventing continued spread of HIV and HCV. We identified 17 models within primary care (N = 3), HIV specialty care (N = 5), opioid treatment programs (N = 6), transitional clinics (N = 2), and community-based harm reduction programs (N = 1), as well as two emerging models. Summary Key components of such models are …

Efficacy And Safety Of Switching To Coformulated Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, And Tenofovir Alafenamide (E/C/F/Taf) In Virologically Suppressed Women, Sally Hodder, Kathleen Squires, Cissy Kityo, Debbie Hagins, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Anna Kido, Shuping Jiang, Rima Kulkarni, Andrew Cheng, Huyen Cao

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background: The integrase inhibitor regimen [elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)] demonstrated superior efficacy when compared with a protease inhibitor regimen [ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV + RTV) and FTC/TDF] in 575 treatmentnaive women at week 48. We investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of switching to a TAF-based, single-tablet regimen containing elvitegravir, cobicistat, FTC, and tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) versus remaining on ATV + RTV plus FTC/TDF. Methods: After completing the initial randomized, blinded phase, virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA /mL) women on ATV + RTV plus FTC/TDF were rerandomized (3:1) to receive open-label E/C/F/TAF versus remaining on their current regimen. The primary end point …

Integrated Models Of Care For Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder: How Do We Prevent Hiv And Hcv?, Katherine M Rich, Joshua Bia, Frederick L Altice, Judith Feinberg

Project ECHO Bibliography

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe models of integrated and co-located care for opioid use disorder (OUD), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV.

RECENT FINDINGS: The design and scale-up of multidisciplinary care models that engage, retain, and treat individuals with HIV, HCV, and OUD are critical to preventing continued spread of HIV and HCV. We identified 17 models within primary care (N = 3), HIV specialty care (N = 5), opioid treatment programs (N = 6), transitional clinics (N = 2), and community-based harm reduction programs (N = 1), as well as two emerging models. Key components of such models are the …

Implementation Of Prevention Of Mother To Child Transmission Of Hiv Program In South Jakarta, Fase Badriah, Minsarnawati Tahangnacca, Raihana Alkaff, Takeru Abe, Laily Hanifah

Kesmas

Even though Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) program has been running in Indonesia since 2006, the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women remains high in some districts in Indonesia. The PMTCT program aims to reduce transmission of HIV from mother to child. Thus it requires an examination of the PMTCT program implementation. The study was a qualitative study on PMTCT program implementation in South Jakarta, Indonesia, whereas the proportion of children with HIV positive in the area was quite high. The analysis used domain analysis by looking the implementation of PMTCT as a system consisting of …

Hiv Mortality Difference Between Black And White Women, Carlos O. Nesbeth, Rajiv Kandala, Syed Najeeb, Ruksana Nazneen, Banglore Murthy

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

OBJECTIVE

In the United States, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be among the top 10 leading causes of mortality for black women between the ages of 20 and 54¹, but does not rank among the top 10 leading causes of death for white women amongst all age groups^². This study describes the HIV mortality difference between black and white women and formulate hypotheses that may reduce or eliminate disparities.

METHODS

Information was accessed through public data, the US Census, and the US Compressed Mortality File.

RESULTS

In these descriptive data from 1987 through 2015, including reliable HIV …

The Patient-Provider Relationship And Hiv Medication Adherence: Indirect Effects Of Medication Beliefs, Travis Stewart

Theses - ALL

Research examining variables that influence medication adherence among HIV-positive individuals remains an important priority. The patient-provider relationship may influence HIV medication adherence, though findings have varied across studies and there is a paucity of research examining mechanisms that may account for patient-provider influences on adherence. One potential mechanism that may explain this relationship is patient’s beliefs about medications, specifically how patients weigh the necessity of medications relative to concerns about negative side effects. Using data from a sample of 116 HIV patients recruited during outpatient care, this study aimed to (a) examine the effect of the patient-provider relationship on both …

Cardiovascular Risk Among Patients With Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis And Hiv In South Africa, Erin Rachel Whitehouse

Dissertations

South Africa has the highest incidence of drug resistant-tuberculosis (DR-TB) in sub-Saharan Africa and outcomes are poor. Only 54% of patients successfully complete treatment. The prevalence of HIV co-infection and cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors is also increasing. The purpose of this study was to describe cardiovascular risk in DR-TB patients with and without HIV co-infection and the impact of this risk on 6-month DR-TB negative treatment outcomes among patients co-infected with HIV.

Hiv-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behaviors In Two Low Resource Settings, Candice Lynn Collins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) outbreaks occurred almost simultaneously in the United States (US) (2014-2015) and in Cambodia (2015). Information is lacking on HIV-related knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes, and high-risk behaviors (KAB) among the general population, which may affect the transmission of HIV and lead to outbreaks. The current study aimed to: 1) assess KAB among the general population in a high-risk county in the US, 2) analyze KAB among the general population of Cambodia, and 3) compare KAB across samples from a high-risk county in Northeast Tennessee and a province in Cambodia. Tennessee data were collected in 2017 and Cambodian …

An Hiv-Positive Patient With Copd Admitted To The Icu With Respiratory Failure, Bhavani Puskur, Veronica Corcino, Srikant Ramachandruni, Viswanathan Nagarajan, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Upper And Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Findings In Hiv-Infected Patients In The Era Of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy., Russell Parvin, Sindhura Kolli, Jamil Shah, Manan Jhaveri, Madhavi Reddy

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Background: Endoscopic evaluation with biopsies are instrumental in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), especially in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 304 HIV-positive and 199 HIV-negative patients who had undergone upper and/or lower endoscopy in an urban community hospital from the years 2012 - 2017 was performed. Inclusion criteria included men and women between the ages of 45 to 75 years, which had undergone colonoscopies between within 2012 - 2017 and had tested positive for HIV. …

Rural And Urban Injection Drug Use In Puerto Rico: Network Implications For Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Courtney Thrash, Melissa L. Welch-Lazoritz, G. Robin Gauthier, Bilal Khan, Roberto Abadie, Kirk Dombrowski, Sandra Miranda De Leon, Yadira Rolon Colon

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Understanding the short- and long-term transmission dynamics of blood-borne illnesses in network contexts represents an important public health priority for people who inject drugs and the general population that surrounds them. The purpose of this article is to compare the risk networks of urban and rural people who inject drugs in Puerto Rico. In the current study, network characteristics are drawn from the sampling “trees” used to recruit participants to the study. We found that injection frequency is the only factor significantly related to clustering behavior among both urban and rural people who inject drugs.

Estimating Hiv Medication Adherence And Persistence: Two Instruments For Clinical And Research Use, David A. Wohl, A. T. Panter, Christine Kirby, Brooke E. Magnus, Michael G. Hudgens, Andrew G. Allmon, Katie R. Mollan

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) requires lifelong daily oral therapy. While patient characteristics associated with suboptimal ART adherence and persistence have been described in cohorts of HIV-infected persons, these factors are poor predictors of individual medication taking behaviors. We aimed to create and test instruments for the estimation of future ART adherence and persistence for clinical and research applications. Following formative work, a battery of 148 items broadly related to HIV infection and treatment was developed and administered to 181 HIV-infected patients. ART adherence and persistence were assessed using electronic monitoring for 3 months. Perceived confidence in medication taking and self-reported barriers …

Patient Perceptions Of Text Messaging To Improve Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence: A Qualitative Study Of Patients In A Ryan White Clinic, Elizabeth Sherman, Kevin A. Clauson, Shara Elrod, Paula Eckardt, Fadi Alkhateeb, Robin Jacobs

Pharmacy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Evidence on the use of short message service (SMS) to improve medication adherence in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is mounting, yet qualitative research on patient perceptions regarding SMS content and utility for HIV/AIDS remains nascent. To explore the experience of receiving medication reminders via SMS among PLHIV, 45 uninsured and underinsured PLHIV nested within the intervention arm of a larger study received daily, 1-way SMS adherence reminders. Qualitative data were collected by face-to-face, structured interview and were analyzed using conventional content analysis methods. Three main themes emerged from the data: (1) reminders helping with adherence, (2) concerns about delivery …

Facilitators And Barriers For Hiv-Testing In Zambia: A Systematic Review Of Multi-Level Factors, Shan Qiao Ph.D., Yao Zhang, Xiaoming Li Ph.D., J. Anitha Menon

Faculty Publications

It was estimated that 1.2 million people live with HIV/AIDS in Zambia by 2015. Zambia has developed and implemented diverse programs to reduce the prevalence in the country. HIVtesting is a critical step in HIV treatment and prevention, especially among all the key populations. However, there is no systematic review so far to demonstrate the trend of HIV-testing studies in Zambia since 1990s or synthesis the key factors that associated with HIVtesting practices in the country. Therefore, this study conducted a systematic review to search all English literature published prior to November 2016 in six electronic databases and retrieved 32 …

Sooty Mangabey Genome Sequence Provides Insight Into Aids Resistance In A Natural Siv Host, David Palesch, Steven E. Bosinger, Gregory K. Tharp, Thomas H. Vanderford, Mirko Paiardini, Ann Chahroudi, Zachary P. Johnson, Frank Kirchhoff, Beatrice H. Hahn, Robert B. Norgren, Nirav B. Patel, Donald L. Sodora, Reem A. Dawoud, Caro-Beth Stewart, Sara M. Seepo, R. Alan Harris, Yue Liu, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Yi Han, Adam English, Gregg W.C. Thomas, Matthew W. Hahn, Lenore Pipes, Christopher E. Mason, Donna M. Muzny, Richard A. Gibbs, Daniel Sauter, Kim Worley, Jeffrey Rogers, Guido Silvestri

Journal Articles: Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy

In contrast to infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in macaques, SIV infection of a natural host, sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys), is non-pathogenic despite high viraemia. Here we sequenced and assembled the genome of a captive sooty mangabey. We conducted genome-wide comparative analyses of transcript assemblies from C. atys and AIDS-susceptible species, such as humans and macaques, to identify candidates for host genetic factors that influence susceptibility. We identified several immune-related genes in the genome of C. atys that show substantial sequence divergence from macaques or humans. One of these sequence divergences, a …

Hiv Virologic Response Better With Single-Tablet Once Daily Regimens Compared To Multiple-Tablet Daily Regimens, Shashi N. Kapadia, Robert R. Grant, Susan B. German, Baljinder Singh, Amy L. Davidow, Shobha Swaminathan, Sally Hooder

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Abstract Background: Single-tablet regimens are preferred prescription choices for HIV treatment, but there are limited outcomes data comparing single-tablet regimens to multiple-tablet regimens. Methods: We retrospectively assessed treatment-naïve patients at a single urban HIV clinic in the United States for viral load suppression at 6 and 12months after initiating either single-tablet or multiple-tablet regimens. Multivariate regression was performed to obtain relative risks and adjust for potential confounders. Results: Of 218 patients, 47% were on single-tablet regimens and 53% on multiple-tablet regimens; 77% of single-tablet regimen patients had undetectable viral load at 6months compared to 61% of multiple-tablet regimen patients (p=0.012). …

Assessing Beliefs, Attitudes, And Perceived Risks Of Hiv As Predictors Of Hiv Testing Behavior Among Seniors In The Coachella Valley, California, Gillian Sealy

Health Sciences Program Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2017), at the end of 2014, approximately 428,724 people 50 years or older were diagnosed and living with HIV in the United States. A contributing factor to the high incidence of HIV in this population is unknown HIV/AIDS serostatus (Fenton, 2007). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2018), terms serostatus as the state of having or not having detectable antibodies against a specific antigen (https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/glossary/1632/serostatus). Contributing to the lack of knowledge about HIV serostatus, is that those over 50 are less likely to be tested for HIV even …

Superresolved Three-Dimensional Analysis Of The Spatial Arrangement Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (Hiv-1) Envelope Glycoprotein At Sites Of Viral Assembly, Carmen Anne Buttler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) replicates by forcing infected host cells to produce new virus particles, which assemble form protein components on the inner leaflet of the host cell's plasma membrane. This involves incorporation of the essential viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) into a structural lattice of viral Gag proteins. The mechanism of Env recruitment and incorporation is not well understood. To better define this process, we seek to describe the timing of Env-Gag encounters during particle assembly by measuring angular positions of Env proteins about the surfaces of budding particles. Using three-dimensional superresolution microscopy, we show that Env distributions …

Researching The History Of Hiv/Aids: An Interview With Christopher Ewing, Emily Furlich

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Verbal And Spatial Working Memory Among Drug-Using Hiv-Infected Men And Women, Eileen Martin, M. K. Keutmann, J. S. Fogel, P. M. Maki, R. Gonzalez, J. Vassileva, L. H. Rubin, David Hardy

Psychological Science Faculty Works

Working memory (WM) is a critical component of many neurocognitive functions. The literature has demonstrated consistently that WM impairment is more frequent and severe among substance-dependent individuals (SDIs) infected with HIV compared with uninfected SDIs; however, the SDIs who participated in these previous studies were primarily male. There are few published data on WM performance among HIV+ women with or without substance use disorders, and essentially no direct comparisons of WM performance between HIV+ men and women, regardless of substance use. We investigated potential sex and serostatus effects on WM among a sample of 360 SDIs (114 with HIV; 66% …

Adolescent Medicine Trials Network For Hiv/Aids Interventions Data Harmonization: Rationale And Development Of Guidelines, Micah Mccumber, Demetria Cain, Sara Legrand, Kenneth H. Mayer, Debra A. Murphy, Matthew A. Psioda, Arlene C. Seña, Tyrel J. Starks, Michael Hudgens

Publications and Research

Background: The Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) research program aims to defeat the rising HIV epidemic among adolescents and young adults in the United States.

Objective: This study aims to optimize cross-study analyses and comparisons of standardized measures (variables) collected in the ATN. Methods: Guidelines were developed for harmonizing measures to be collected across ATN studies.

Results: Eight domains were identified for harmonization—Demographics and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Sexual Behavior and Risk, Substance Use and Abuse, HIV-Positive Cascade, HIV-Negative Cascade, Mental Health, Social Support and Isolation, and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Cascade.

Conclusions: The collection of selected key measures in a …

Diet, Physical Activity, And Healthy Aging In People Living With Hiv, Josh Newson Muhammad

All ETDs from UAB

As life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH) has increased, healthy aging in this community has become an emerging public health concern. Although the benefits of adopting healthy diets and regular physical activity are well-documented, implementing strategies for lifestyle modifications among older PLWH remains a challenge. The complex milieu of social, physiological and economic burdens encountered by PLWH exposes this population to increased risk for adverse health outcomes, especially from preventable metabolic diseases. The interaction of diet, physical activity and social determinants of health in persons who are HIV positive is an understudied area. The aim of this dissertation …

Adherence To Antiretroviral Medicines Among Adolescents And Young Adults In Benue State, Nigeria, Amom Tor-Anyiin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Adherence to ARV medicines is essential to halt HIV progression, increase CD4 counts, decrease virologic impact, and improve quality of life for the infected people. However, sustaining good adherence among adolescents and young adults (AYA) has been a challenge caused by various problems such as distance to clinic, improved CD4 count which lead to complacency in adherence, and the nature of the environment. This was a quantitative, retrospective, correlational, cross-sectional study anchored by the transtheoretical model, which was used to understand how adherence rate among the study population was impacted by the predictive factors. Secondary data was collected from patient's …

The Characterization Of Rna Content And Biogenesis Pathways Of Extracellular Vesicles That Have Been Implicated In The Pathogenesis Of Hiv-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders, Virginia Elizabeth Zwikelmaier

Master's Theses

Patients infected with HIV-1 adhering to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) still suffer from a variety of neurocognitive, behavioral, and motor dysfunctions, collectively referred to has HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND). Current research suggests the manifestations of HAND might in part be due to the dissemination of toxic HIV-1 components throughout the brain via extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our goal is to characterize these pathogenic EVs to begin to gain a better understanding of this EV-mediated pathology.

We took the first steps in developing a technique to assess the microRNA content of individual EVs but it needs to be heavily optimized to eliminate …

“We Hide…”: Perceptions Of Hiv Risk Among Black And Latino Msm In New York City, Ashley Murray, Zaneta Gaul, Madeline Y. Sutton, Jose Nanin

Publications and Research

Black and Latino men who have sex with men (BLMSM) are disproportionately infected with HIV; they comprised 66% of HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States in 2015. Risk factors for HIV infection among BLMSM include a high community prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed HIV/STDs, and dense sex partner networks. Perceptions of HIV risk among BLMSM were explored to inform HIV prevention efforts. During 2011–2012, semistructured interviews were conducted with BLMSM in New York City. Using computer-assisted thematic analyses (NVivo), transcribed interview responses to questions regarding HIV risk for main themes were examined. …

Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence In Youth Living With Hiv: Exploring The Role Of Risk Behaviors, Health Promotion Behaviors And Depressive Symptoms, Megan Loew

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Youth living with HIV are often inconsistent with their HIV medication adherence. HIV medication adherence is critical for the treatment of HIV and prevention for future transmission. Understanding associated behaviors that may impact adherence for individuals living with HIV is necessary for their continued care. The current study aimed to more fully identify the influences engaging in risk behaviors, health promoting behaviors and experiencing depressive symptoms have on HIV medication adherence in adolescents and young adults with HIV. Participants were 92 adolescents and young adults with HIV living in the mid-south region of the United States. Individuals completed surveys about …

The Patterns Of Primary Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis In Adult Hivpatients In Hiv Integrated Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospitaljakarta In 2004-2013, Ken Ayu Mastini, Zubair Djoerban, Evy Yunihastuti

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Low rate use of cotrimoxazole which is a standard of primary prevention against toxoplasmosis infection and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with CD4 <200 cell>/mm3 was found. This study aims to describe prescription pattern of cotrimoxazole primary prophylaxis in adult HIV patients in RSCM. Methods. A cohort retrospective study was conducted in HIV Integrated Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital patients from 2004 to 2013. Individuals were eligible for this study if they were ≥18 years old and had indication of primary cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Variable analyzed in this study were initiation, discontinuation, dosage, duration, duration percentage, and adverse events of primary …

Evaluation Of Immune-Modulating Therapies For Parkinson's Disease, Katherine E. Olson

Theses & Dissertations

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative

disorder, second only to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is characterized by a

progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons along the nigrostriatal axis and the

formation of proteinaceous inclusions of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Secondary to

the loss of dopaminergic neurons is a progression in motor and non-motor

symptoms. Motor symptoms are characterized by slowness in movement,

stiffness and tremor. Non-motor symptoms include depression, constipation,

sleep abnormalities and loss of sense of smell. The cause of disease remains

incompletely understood. However, age, genetics, environment, viral infection,

and interplay between the innate and adaptive immune system …