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Gender At Work: The Role Of Habitus And Gender-Performance In Service Industry Occupations, Laura Dean-Shapiro Aug 2009

Gender At Work: The Role Of Habitus And Gender-Performance In Service Industry Occupations, Laura Dean-Shapiro

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the relationship between gender roles and habitus in service industry occupations. It draws primarily from the works of Pierre Bourdieu and Judith Butler. Data includes an exploratory focus group, non-participant observations and interviews with women currently or formerly employed as bartenders, bar backs, servers, or hostesses. The main themes that emerged included how habitus is affected by views of employment, drug and alcohol use, the naturalization of gender roles, and the effect of appearance standards. This study supports previous feminist works that posit that gender as a performance, not a biological trait. Further this performance is used …

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College Students' Crime-Related Fears On Campus: Are Fear-Provoking Cues Gendered?, David May, Bonnie S. Fisher Aug 2009

College Students' Crime-Related Fears On Campus: Are Fear-Provoking Cues Gendered?, David May, Bonnie S. Fisher

Safety, Security and Emergency Management Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Gender plays a central role in the study of crime-related fear as does the description of various fear-provoking cues in the environment. Despite the ever-growing body of crime-related fear research, few researchers have examined which fear-provoking cues, if any, are gendered. Using a large sample of undergraduates from a public university, this article explores the gendered nature of fear-provoking cues and crime-related fears while on campus. Bivariate and multivariate results suggest that fear-provoking cues are not gendered for fear of larceny-theft or fear of assault. These results inform the fear of crime research on a number of dimensions and have …

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Gender And Ptsd: What Can We Learn From Female Police Officers?, Michelle M. Lilly, Nnamdi Pole, Suzanne R. Best, Thomas Metzler, Charles R. Marmar Aug 2009

Gender And Ptsd: What Can We Learn From Female Police Officers?, Michelle M. Lilly, Nnamdi Pole, Suzanne R. Best, Thomas Metzler, Charles R. Marmar

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Studies of civilians typically find that female gender is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Police and military studies often find no gender differences in PTSD. We compared 157 female police officers and 124 female civilians on several variables including trauma exposure, peritraumatic emotional distress, current somatization, and cumulative PTSD symptoms. We found that despite greater exposure to assaultive violence in the officer group, female civilians reported significantly more severe PTSD symptoms. Elevated PTSD symptoms in female civilians were explained by significantly more intense peritraumatic emotional distress among female civilians. We also found that female officers showed a …

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Domestic Violence Within Law Enforcement Families: The Link Between Traditional Police Subculture And Domestic Violence Among Police, Lindsey Blumenstein Jul 2009

Domestic Violence Within Law Enforcement Families: The Link Between Traditional Police Subculture And Domestic Violence Among Police, Lindsey Blumenstein

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The most recent research in police domestic violence has shown that officers may perpetrate domestic violence at a higher rate than the general population, 28% versus 16%, respectively (Sgambelluri, 2000). Traditional police sub-culture has been identified, in several studies, as contributing to higher work stress, and using force on the job (Alexander et al., 1993; Drummond, 1976; Johnson et al, 2005; Kop and Euwema, 2001; Sgambelluri, 2000; Wetendorf, 2000). This research, however, has not fully examined the link between adherence to the traditional police sub-culture and officer involvement in domestic violence. This study attempts to identify whether officers who adhere …

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Batson, Empowerment And New Jury Models: The Case For ‘Open Inquiry’, Patrick C. Brayer Jul 2009

Batson, Empowerment And New Jury Models: The Case For ‘Open Inquiry’, Patrick C. Brayer

Faculty Works

This 2009 article recommends the practice technique of “open inquiry,” which encourages attorneys and courts to ask jurors to openly identify their race, gender, and ethnicity during voir dire for purposes of appellate review under Batson v. Kentucky and related holdings. An open inquiry helps protect the rights of all jurors to sit. It thus creates a greater chance that juries are more diverse and promotes more voices and experiences during deliberation. The open inquiry method also promotes individual juror participation and increases the group's receptiveness toward individual voices during deliberations. Most importantly, open inquiry forces practitioners to rethink how …

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Sex Differences And Mechanisms Of Task-Specific Muscle Fatigue, Sandra K. Hunter Jul 2009

Sex Differences And Mechanisms Of Task-Specific Muscle Fatigue, Sandra K. Hunter

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Women can be less fatigable than men due to sex-related differences within the neuromuscular system that impact physiological adjustments during a fatiguing task. The involved mechanism(s) for the sex difference, however, is task specific. This review explores the novel hypothesis that variation of the task will alter the magnitude of the sex-difference in muscle fatigue and the contribution of involved mechanisms.

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Expressive Writing As A Therapeutic Process For Drug Dependent Women, Meshberg Cohen Sarah Jun 2009

Expressive Writing As A Therapeutic Process For Drug Dependent Women, Meshberg Cohen Sarah

Theses and Dissertations

Women with Substance Use Disorders (SUD) have high rates of trauma and PTSD, which is linked to greater physical and mental health problems and poorer SUD treatment outcomes. While research affirms trauma should be addressed during SUD treatment, the majority of addiction programs do not offer such services. One promising intervention is Pennebaker’s expressive writing paradigm, which includes disclosure of traumatic/stressful experiences through 20-minute writing sessions over 3-5 consecutive days. While expressive writing has been linked to improvements in mental and physical health, the intervention has not been studied in persons with SUDs. The present study was a randomized clinical …

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Employed Parents' Satisfaction With Food Choice Coping Strategies: Influence Of Gender And Structure, Christine E. Blake, Carol M. Devine, Elaine Wethington, Margaret M. Jastran, Tracy J. Farrell, Carole A. Bisogni Jun 2009

Employed Parents' Satisfaction With Food Choice Coping Strategies: Influence Of Gender And Structure, Christine E. Blake, Carol M. Devine, Elaine Wethington, Margaret M. Jastran, Tracy J. Farrell, Carole A. Bisogni

Faculty Publications

This study aimed to understand parents' evaluations of the way they integrated work-family demands to manage food and eating. Employed, low/moderate-income, urban, U.S., Black, White, and Latino mothers (35) and fathers (34) participated in qualitative interviews exploring work and family conditions and spillover, food roles, and food-choice coping and family-adaptive strategies. Parents expressed a range of evaluations from overall satisfaction to overall dissatisfaction as well as dissatisfaction limited to work, family life, or daily schedule. Evaluation criteria differed by gender. Mothers evaluated satisfaction on their ability to balance work and family demands through flexible home and work conditions, while striving …

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Ruth Benedict And The Study Of Thai Culture, Nicola B. Tannenbaum Jun 2009

Ruth Benedict And The Study Of Thai Culture, Nicola B. Tannenbaum

Pacific Studies

In this paper, I place Thai Culture and Behavior in the context of Benedict’s work and life, American anthropology, and Thai studies. The paper begins with a summary of Benedict’s study and a critique of her Thai ethnography. This is followed with a discussion of its initial reception when it was first published and its later place in biographies about Benedict. Finally, I turn to my initial question of the role of Thai Culture and Behavior in Thai studies. Here I examine the two subsequent anthropological studies of Thailand: Embree’s seminal essay, “Thailand—A Loosely Structured Society,” the first field- workbased …

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Gender Differences In Depression And Immune Response In Colorectal Cancer, Barbara Anne Rose Phd, Msn, Rn Jun 2009

Gender Differences In Depression And Immune Response In Colorectal Cancer, Barbara Anne Rose Phd, Msn, Rn

Dissertations

The focus of this descriptive comparative study was to examine the relationship between gender and depression and immune system function in patients with colorectal cancer. The research questions were answered through secondary analysis, using data obtained from the answers of 117 men and women (71 men and 46 women) enrolled in a colorectal cancer study conducted between 1990 and 1991 in Pennsylvania. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample, and general estimating equations were used to analyze depression and immune system function between men and women. Depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory, and immune system function was …

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The Prognostic Power Of Normative Influences Among Ncaa Student-Athletes, Justin F. Hummer, Joseph W. Labrie, Andrew Lac Jun 2009

The Prognostic Power Of Normative Influences Among Ncaa Student-Athletes, Justin F. Hummer, Joseph W. Labrie, Andrew Lac

Heads Up!

This study evaluated the predictive power of perceived descriptive and injunctive norms on intercollegiate student-athlete alcohol consumption and attitudes toward drinking-related behaviors. The sample consisted of 594 NCAA student-athletes from two geographically opposite sites. Norms variables utilized a school and gender-specific athletic peer reference group. Results indicate that respondents reported greater perceived injunctive norms than actual attitudes, and greater perceived descriptive norms than actual alcohol use. Further, after accounting for demographics and alcohol motivations, perceived injunctive norms were the strongest predictors of athletes' attitudes with the final model explaining 54% of the variance. Similarly, perceived descriptive norms were among the …

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Stigma, Surgery And Social Identity: Attitudes Towards Cosmetic And Sexual Reassignment Surgeries, Cheryl Mayeux May 2009

Stigma, Surgery And Social Identity: Attitudes Towards Cosmetic And Sexual Reassignment Surgeries, Cheryl Mayeux

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

This thesis uses a combination of vignettes and interviews to explore social approval of cosmetic and sexual reassignment surgeries as a means of studying sex and gender in contemporary society. It draws from poststructuralist, queer, symbolic interactionist and intersectionality theories. This study found that social approval was higher for normative surgeries than for non-normative surgeries. The main themes that emerged in regard to social approval were respondents‘ religious beliefs, their social distance from a person undergoing surgery, their concerns with possible risks or complications, and their views on an individual‘s right to control their own body. Underlying the vast majority …

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Redefining Responsibility: Welfare Reform, Low-Income African American Mothers, And Children With Disabilities, Michelle Magee Balot May 2009

Redefining Responsibility: Welfare Reform, Low-Income African American Mothers, And Children With Disabilities, Michelle Magee Balot

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

Mothers of children with disabilities face a variety of problems compared to other mothers, but their experiences are not universal. This thesis provides a critical analysis of caregiving and disability by examining the experiences of a group of low-income African American mothers with children with disabilities. It explores the impacts of race, class, gender, and disability on mothers' experiences in the context of conflicting employment and caregiving demands for poor women. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews with ten low-income African American mothers of children with disabilities, I illustrate how the struggles of raising a child with a disability are amplified …

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Perceptions Of Weight Status: The Effects Of Target Features (Fat/Muscularity Level, Gender, Ethnicity) And Rater Features (Ethnicity And Gender), Tovah Yanover May 2009

Perceptions Of Weight Status: The Effects Of Target Features (Fat/Muscularity Level, Gender, Ethnicity) And Rater Features (Ethnicity And Gender), Tovah Yanover

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Previous research has explored self-perception of weight and has established that women tend to overestimate their own weight while men tend to underestimate. New research has also begun to examine parental perceptions of their children's weight and has indicated that parents tend to be fairly inaccurate, particularly when it comes to recognizing overweight in their own children. No research has focused on the way in which we perceive the weight of the many other individuals we encounter on a daily basis. The present study was designed to investigate the way in which the weight of others is rated and the …

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Battle Of The Sexes, Andria Musso May 2009

Battle Of The Sexes, Andria Musso

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

The purpose of the experiment was to see which sex pays better attention to a speaker present a story. A video was shown of two detailed passages read by both a woman and man. The speakers were as equally attractive in the researcher’s opinion, dressed nicely, and videotaped from the neck line up. If the speaker was a woman it was hypothesized that men would remember more details about the story whereas women would remember more about the appearance of the female speaker but that no sex differences would be found for either measure when the speaker was a man. …

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Gender Differences In Exclusive Romantic Relationships, Maria Diaz, Sarah Ward May 2009

Gender Differences In Exclusive Romantic Relationships, Maria Diaz, Sarah Ward

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

There is previous research indicating that men and women worry while involved in an exclusive relationship. In the study conducted, we were interested in finding whether there are differences in the issues men and women worry about while involved in an exclusive romantic relationship. We recruited 60 participants, or 30 heterosexual couples. Participants were asked to complete a short survey rating 15 issues on a 5-point Likert scale focusing on how much they worry about different issues. Our findings indicate that there are no significant differences in what issues men and women worry about. However, there was a significant difference …

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Missouri Elementary Teacher Certification Programs And The Education Provided On How Boys And Girls Learn Differently, Elizabeth Anne Cooper May 2009

Missouri Elementary Teacher Certification Programs And The Education Provided On How Boys And Girls Learn Differently, Elizabeth Anne Cooper

Dissertations

Teacher education programs, professional development, and higher education should provide educators with the information needed to address the ways that boys and girls learn differently. This mixed-methods study discovered the amount of education provided to teachers during their Teacher Education Programs in regards to how girls and boys learn. This study focused on a purposeful sample of five school districts within a chosen region in Missouri. Data were collected from elementary schools within these districts in the fall of 2008. The subjects included a purposeful sample of elementary teachers throughout these districts. In addition, twelve elementary teachers within this region …

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Understanding Gender Differences In Online Experience And Internet Advertising, Seema Harryginsingh May 2009

Understanding Gender Differences In Online Experience And Internet Advertising, Seema Harryginsingh

Honors College Theses

The purposes of this article is to first review the literature on gender differences in advertising then explore areas that are important in today’s online environment including differences in the various areas of online experience and behavior such as shopping, privacy issues, internet usage, use of website, and new media and user generated content considerations. I will also look at online advertising particularly, online video ads and banner ads. I will attempt to show through research that there are differences that exist among the genders, which also translate to the online environment and specifically in the various areas of experience …

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Gender And Friendship Norms Among Older Adults, Diane Felmlee, Anna M. Muraco May 2009

Gender And Friendship Norms Among Older Adults, Diane Felmlee, Anna M. Muraco

Sociology Faculty Works

The authors examined same- and cross-gender friendship norms in a sample of 135 adults (average age 73 years). Participants evaluated a friend’s behavior, quantitatively and qualitatively, in vignettes in which the friend’s gender was experimentally manipulated. Gender often significantly, though modestly, influenced normative evaluations. Women frequently had higher expectations of friends than men and placed a greater emphasis on intimacy. Women were more disapproving of violations of friendship rules, such as betraying a confidence, paying a surprise visit, and failing to stand up for a friend in public. However, both men and women were less approving of a man than …

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A Qualitative Study Of The Hispanic Gender Role And Social-Cultural Factors Influencing The Attraction Process: The Recruitment Of The Latina To Meet 21st Century Labor Shortage Challenges In America, Olga Chapa May 2009

A Qualitative Study Of The Hispanic Gender Role And Social-Cultural Factors Influencing The Attraction Process: The Recruitment Of The Latina To Meet 21st Century Labor Shortage Challenges In America, Olga Chapa

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Approximately one-fourth of the 303,824,640 individuals representing the labor workforce in the United States (U.S.) are part of the baby boom cohort (Toossi, 2004). Seventy eight million individuals are credited for the shifting demographics in the U.S. The largest gap in the labor force will be seen in the professional arena (Hilton, 2008). In order to proactively meet the challenge of a future labor shortage, organizations will need to focus their recruitment effort on the remaining replacement pool of qualified individuals. For a variety of reasons, the recruitment of the Hispanic as a sustainable and growing replacement pool offers many …

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Effects Of Teaching Styles On Male Achievement In Single-Sex And Co-Educational Classrooms In Selected School Districts In Georgia, Soundra L. Bronson-Pollacks May 2009

Effects Of Teaching Styles On Male Achievement In Single-Sex And Co-Educational Classrooms In Selected School Districts In Georgia, Soundra L. Bronson-Pollacks

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of teaching styles on male achievement in single-sex and co-educational classrooms in selected middle schools in Georgia. The researcher used the Grasha Teaching Styles Inventory Version 3.0 to measure relationships between male achievement and teaching styles in single-sex and co-educational classrooms. The population of this study consisted of 16 teachers and 169 students in three middle schools located in Georgia. The survey identified characteristics of each category of teaching style. The teaching styles for this study were Expert, Formal Authority, Personal Model, Delegator, and Facilitator. These styles were considered to …

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Virginia Woolf’S Answer To “Women Can’T Paint, Women Can’T Write” In To The Lighthouse, Daniela Munca May 2009

Virginia Woolf’S Answer To “Women Can’T Paint, Women Can’T Write” In To The Lighthouse, Daniela Munca

Journal of International Women's Studies

This essay addresses Virginia Woolf’s personal stand in her answer to “women can’t paint, women can’t write”, a reflection on the Victorian prejudice of the role of women in the family and society shared by both her parents, Leslie and Julia Stephen. By bridging a close textual analysis with the most recent psychological critical analysis, I argue that apart from the political, social and artistic implications, Woolf’s attitude to the Victorian stereotypes related to gender roles carry a deeply personal message, being undeniably influenced and determined by the relationship with her parents and her need to lie to rest some …

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Divine Fluidity: Shifts Of Gender And Sexuality In Conservative Christian Communities, Sarah Stewart Burgess Apr 2009

Divine Fluidity: Shifts Of Gender And Sexuality In Conservative Christian Communities, Sarah Stewart Burgess

Pomona Senior Theses

This thesis draws on ethnographic research from three communities of conservative Christian women who find empowerment and agency through their religious traditions. Two communities are politically active, outspoken women who also believe strongly in "traditional" roles for women, and one community idealizes conservative standards of sexuality while accepting women who work as sex workers. These women did not view their positions as contradictory, rather, they used religious beliefs and religious practices to enact, embody or explain their complex genders and sexualities. This thesis draws on ethnographic, feminist and queer theories while showcasing the diversity within a movement largely believed to …

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Fantasies Of Metal And Wires: Battling Corporate Hegemony And The Achievement Of Posthuman Masculinity In Recent Superhero Cinema, Joseph J. Cook Apr 2009

Fantasies Of Metal And Wires: Battling Corporate Hegemony And The Achievement Of Posthuman Masculinity In Recent Superhero Cinema, Joseph J. Cook

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

During the summer of 2008 many movies were released with superhero protagonists. Combining textual readings and theoretical accounts to provide a phenomenological analysis of the representation of the counter-hegemonic struggle against corporate control and the achievement of posthuman masculinity in these recent superhero films, this thesis compares and contrasts specific visual and thematic elements that consistently appear in four of these films: The Dark Knight, Wanted, Iron Man, and Speed Racer. Providing intertextual exploration of the cultural status of specific cinematic superheroes, this project explores possible relationships between culture, society, and cinema, treating popular superhero cinema …

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A Model Of Employee Satisfaction: Gender Differences In Cooperative Extension, Richard P. Vlosky, Francisco X. Aguilar Apr 2009

A Model Of Employee Satisfaction: Gender Differences In Cooperative Extension, Richard P. Vlosky, Francisco X. Aguilar

Journal of Extension

Employee satisfaction is an important issue for management and employees in any organizational setting. We developed a generalized model of employee satisfaction and tested it for both female and male U.S Extension employees. Results indicate that there are no differences in the antecedents of employee satisfaction between genders.

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Transitional Discrimination, Elizabeth M. Glazer, Zachary A. Kramer Apr 2009

Transitional Discrimination, Elizabeth M. Glazer, Zachary A. Kramer

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Transgenderism is in transition. The recent decision in Schroer v. Billington offers transgender plaintiffs hopeful precedent, but it is as yet unclear whether other courts will rule the same way in cases of transgender discrimination. This Essay, prepared for the Temple Political and Civil Rights Law Review symposium on transgender rights, argues that in order to ensure more consistent results in cases of transgender discrimination, courts should embrace an understanding of transitional identity. Transitional identity is identity that borrows from one or more extant identities, but which is inchoate, in that the identity does not express fully any of those …

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Intersections Of Transgender Lives And The Law: Transitional Discrimination, Elizabeth M. Glazer, Zachary A. Kramer Apr 2009

Intersections Of Transgender Lives And The Law: Transitional Discrimination, Elizabeth M. Glazer, Zachary A. Kramer

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Transgenderism is in transition. The recent decision in Schroer v. Billington offers transgender plaintiffs hopeful precedent, but it is as yet unclear whether other courts will rule the same way in cases of transgender discrimination. This Essay, prepared for the Temple Political and Civil Rights Law Review symposium on transgender rights, argues that in order to ensure more consistent results in cases of transgender discrimination, courts should embrace an understanding of transitional identity. Transitional identity is identity that borrows from one or more extant identities, but which is inchoate, in that the identity does not express fully any of those …

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The Impact Of Single-Sex Education On The Performance Of First And Second Grade Public School Students, Katherine Bradley Apr 2009

The Impact Of Single-Sex Education On The Performance Of First And Second Grade Public School Students, Katherine Bradley

Georgia Educational Researcher

In this article, I present the findings of a single-sex public education experiment adapted from a dissertation study. The rationale for conducting this research focuses on the renewed and unprecedented interest in single-sex public education as a strategy for increasing student performance. According to various educational theorists and researchers, single-sex education is an effective instructional strategy for improving student performance. However, little is known about the impact of single-sex public education. This quantitative ex post facto research analyzes the impact of single-sex education on academic achievement, discipline referral and attendance for public school first and second grade students. The findings …

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What Men Want: The Role Of Reflective Opposite-Sex Normative Preferences In Alcohol Use Among College Women, Joseph W. Labrie, Jessica Cail, Justin F. Hummer, Andrew Lac, Clayton Neighbors Mar 2009

What Men Want: The Role Of Reflective Opposite-Sex Normative Preferences In Alcohol Use Among College Women, Joseph W. Labrie, Jessica Cail, Justin F. Hummer, Andrew Lac, Clayton Neighbors

Heads Up!

Misperceptions of peer drinking norms have been found to be strongly associated with individual drinking behavior, especially for proximal reference groups such as same-sex friends. Less studied are the effects of perceived preferences from the opposite sex on alcohol use; that is, the behaviors an individual believe the opposite sex prefers from them. Research suggests that these perceived “reflective” normative preferences may be particularly salient among college women, who may drink in pursuit of intimate relationships and positive attention from male peers. Heterosexual undergraduate students from two universities participated in this project. Females answered questions regarding the amount of alcohol …

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Voices Raised, Issue 23, University Of Dayton. Women's Center Feb 2009

Voices Raised, Issue 23, University Of Dayton. Women's Center

Women’s Center Newsletter

Included in this issue: The Thin Line; Women’s History Month; Remembering Joyce Durham; Peace Outside Campus; What is Normal?; Strength, Grace, and Power: Reflections on Women in Athletics; Marianist Heritage Celebration.

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