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Identity And The Legislative Decision Making Process: A Case Study Of The Maryland State Legislature, Nadia Brown Jan 2011

Identity And The Legislative Decision Making Process: A Case Study Of The Maryland State Legislature, Nadia Brown

Ethnic Studies Review

Both politicians and the mass public believe that identity influences political behavior yet, political scientists have failed to fully detail how identity is salient for all political actors not just minorities and women legislators. To what extent do racial, gendered, and race/gendered identities affect the legislation decision process? To test this proposition, I examine how race and gender based identities shape the legislative decisions of Black women in comparison to White men, White women, and Black men. I find that Black men and women legislators interviewed believe that racial identity is relevant in their decision making processes, while White men …

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Exploring Curvilinear Effects And Gender Differences In Posttraumatic Growth And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms In College Students, Vivian S. Hwang Jan 2011

Exploring Curvilinear Effects And Gender Differences In Posttraumatic Growth And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms In College Students, Vivian S. Hwang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Posttraumatic growth following stressful and traumatic experiences has been associated with positive psychological and physical outcomes. In addition, distress-related variables, such as symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, have been related to growth. Some studies suggest that a curvilinear relation may exist between distress and growth, although literature in this area is sparse. This study examined how distress, as measured by the civilian version of the PTSD Checklist, and posttraumatic growth are related. Results demonstrated both linear and curvilinear effects of PTSD symptom severity on growth. Data for men were significantly explained by a linear effect only, whereas data for women …

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Alumni Financial Donations, Life Cycle And Student Activities, Tim Ebersole Jan 2011

Alumni Financial Donations, Life Cycle And Student Activities, Tim Ebersole

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study observed the life cycle of giving of the Class of 1973 graduates at a medium, public university covering a 36 year period of donations. Potential donors were defined as having participated in university-sponsored activities as a student. Key characteristics studied geographical (residential) proximity to campus, gender and college in which the alumni graduated from the public university. Based on this study, higher educational institutions can benefit from determining the giving cycle as it relates to these characteristics. The percentage rate of giving remained consistent over 30 years, therefore, higher education institutions will want to focus their marketing/fundraising efforts …

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Gender Differences In Prosocial Behavior: Organizational Citizenship Behavior, María Celeste Dávila De León, Marcie Finkelstein, Juan Ignacio Castien Jan 2011

Gender Differences In Prosocial Behavior: Organizational Citizenship Behavior, María Celeste Dávila De León, Marcie Finkelstein, Juan Ignacio Castien

Psychology Faculty Publications

El comportamiento de ciudadanía organizacional (CCO) alude a las actividades que hacen los empleados y que exceden de los requeri-mientos formales del puesto, contribuyendo al efectivo funcionamiento de la organización. Estas conductas pueden estar dirigidas hacia los compañe-ros o hacia la organización en sí. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las diferencias en función del género en el desarrollo de CCO siguiendo la teoría funcional de las motivaciones y el modelo de la identidad de rol. Un total de 974 trabajadores cumplimentaron un cuestionario que evaluaba la frecuencia de estos comportamientos, los motivos para ponerlos en prácti-ca y la …

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Impact Of Relationship Context On Evaluations Of The Sexual Behavior Of Men And Women, Olga Vadymovna Berkout Jan 2011

Impact Of Relationship Context On Evaluations Of The Sexual Behavior Of Men And Women, Olga Vadymovna Berkout

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A number of gender differences have been found in early studies of human sexuality with males following more permissive norms for engagement in sexual behavior. More recently, male and female sexual behavior has become more similar, although literature examining attitudes towards sexual behavior has found mixed support for the idea that similar standards were used to evaluate men and women. This study examined the potential moderating roles of relationship context and traditional gender role adherence on evaluations of sexual behavior among 307 undergraduates at a public Southeastern university. Both men and women having sex within committed relationships were vieas more …

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Alcohol Consumption In Lusaka Urban District, Zambia: A Population Based Survey, 2007, Selestine H. Nzala, Olusegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Adamson S. Muula, Emmanuel Rudatsikira, Seter Siziya Jan 2011

Alcohol Consumption In Lusaka Urban District, Zambia: A Population Based Survey, 2007, Selestine H. Nzala, Olusegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Adamson S. Muula, Emmanuel Rudatsikira, Seter Siziya

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Alcohol use is an important preventable risk factor for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and injuries that is related to lifestyle choices. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption and its correlates. A cross sectional study utilizing a WHO stepwise approach to surveillance of NCDs was conducted in Lusaka district, Zambia. Current alcohol consumption was defined as having consumed alcohol in the previous 30 days to the survey. Complex samples logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors. A total of 1928 individuals participated in the survey. A third of the participants were males and …

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Women In Mathematics: An Historical Account Of Women's Experiences And Achievement, Kendra D. Huff Jan 2011

Women In Mathematics: An Historical Account Of Women's Experiences And Achievement, Kendra D. Huff

CMC Senior Theses

For a long time, women have struggled to gain complete acceptance in the mathematics field. The purpose of this paper is to explore the history of women in the field of mathematics, the impact and experiences of current female mathematicians, and the common trends for women in the mathematics field, through literature review and personal interviews. This paper looks at the lives of four famous female mathematicians, as well as female mathematicians in the Claremont Colleges who were interviewed for this paper. Specifically this paper examines the discrimination they faced and how they overcame this discrimination, as well as the …

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Can Extended Exposure To New Technology Undermine Its Acceptance? Evidence From System Trials Of An Enterprise Implementation, Monica Adya, Maureen Francis Mascha Jan 2011

Can Extended Exposure To New Technology Undermine Its Acceptance? Evidence From System Trials Of An Enterprise Implementation, Monica Adya, Maureen Francis Mascha

Management Faculty Research and Publications

Despite significant attention given to effects of early exposure on acceptance and adoption of new systems, there continues to be ambiguity regarding its effectiveness beyond a threshold. For organizations concerned with optimal utilization of IT resources, a deeper understanding of ideal levels of early system exposure can result in greater realization of benefits through enhanced design of system training and mitigation of adverse effects of exposure on adoption. In this article, we propose that the relationship between system exposure and acceptance can demonstrate diminishing gains—as early exposure to a system increases beyond a reasonable level, its acceptance declines. Preliminary findings …

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Examining The Effect Of Psychological Traits On Earnings And The Gender Wage Gap Within A Young Sample Of U.S. Employees, Marika May Jan 2011

Examining The Effect Of Psychological Traits On Earnings And The Gender Wage Gap Within A Young Sample Of U.S. Employees, Marika May

CMC Senior Theses

This paper examines the effect of psychological traits on earnings and furthermore whether it helps explain the gender wage gap. Public-use data collected from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health is used to evaluate the impact on earnings on seven psychological factors: masculine traits, self esteem, analytical problem solving approach, willingness to work hard, impulsiveness, problem avoidance, and self-assessed intelligence. Findings show that gender differences in psychological traits are significant and returns to observable characteristics differ somewhat by gender as well. Among the young sample of U.S. employees evaluated in this study, I find that up to 21 percent …

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Diversity And Job Satisfaction: Reconciling Conflicting Theories And Findings, Douglas Campbell Jan 2011

Diversity And Job Satisfaction: Reconciling Conflicting Theories And Findings, Douglas Campbell

International Journal of Applied Management and Technology

This is a multidisciplinary study on reconciling the conflicting theories and research concerning whether a person’s gender, race, or ethnicity affects his or her overall job satisfaction or degree of satisfaction with any element of the job. A disciplined baseline survey was performed. Statistical techniques, including a stepwise regression, were used to identify significant relationships. The findings and observations resolve what had appeared to be conflicting theories and research findings. The author concludes that in some instances, a legitimate correlation between gender, race, or ethnicity and job satisfaction or the degree of satisfaction with a particular job element may be …

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Mechanisms Linking Violence Exposure And School Engagement Among African American Adolescents: Examining The Roles Of Psychological Problem Behaviors And Gender, Dexter R. Voisin Jan 2011

Mechanisms Linking Violence Exposure And School Engagement Among African American Adolescents: Examining The Roles Of Psychological Problem Behaviors And Gender, Dexter R. Voisin

Faculty Scholarship

This study examines whether the relationship between violence exposure and school engagement is mediated by psychological problem behaviors and whether such relationships are gendered. Five hundred and sixty-three high school African American adolescents (ages 13-19 years) completed questionnaires that assessed two types of violence exposure (community violence and marital conflict), psychological problem behaviors (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, anxiety, withdrawal, and aggressive behaviors), and school engagement (i.e., student-teacher connectedness and grade point average [GPA] obtained from school records). For male adolescents, psychological problem behaviors collectively mediated the relationship between community violence exposure and student-teacher connectedness. For female adolescents, both community …

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The Rise And Fall Of Western Homohysteria, Eric Anderson Jan 2011

The Rise And Fall Of Western Homohysteria, Eric Anderson

Journal of Feminist Scholarship

In this essay, I draw upon my pro-feminist background to describe the formulation of the concept of homohysteria and explain its heuristic utility in conceptualizing historical shifts in heterosexual men's gendered regimes. I suggest that in times of high homohysteria, heterosexual men are compelled to align their identities and behaviors with orthodox (hypermasculine) notions of men's masculinity. This is in order to avoid homosexualization. Conversely, heterosexual men retain considerably more gendered freedom in times of low or no homohysteria. I describe this as a cultural process related to homophobia and define the term homohysteria as men's fear of being homosexualized, …

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Grappling With Gender: Exploring Masculinity And Gender In The Bodies, Performances, And Emotions Of Scholastic Wrestlers, Phyllis L. Baker, Douglas R. Hotek Jan 2011

Grappling With Gender: Exploring Masculinity And Gender In The Bodies, Performances, And Emotions Of Scholastic Wrestlers, Phyllis L. Baker, Douglas R. Hotek

Journal of Feminist Scholarship

We contribute to the sociology of sport and gender literature with an ethnographic analysis of scholastic wrestling by observing the current climate of masculinity and gender. Our results suggest that it is necessary to understand men and sporting behavior within a broader framework of gender, not just masculinity, because the behavior of high school wrestlers fell along a gender continuum between an orthodox masculinity and femininity. Our exploration of the body, performance, and emotion practices of scholastic wrestlers gives credence to the current critiques of a hegemonic masculinity in men's sports. We show that gender is not dichotomous and that …

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Gender And Ethnicity As Moderator Of Young Adults' Perception With Their Mother And Grandparents, Erika Quezada Jan 2011

Gender And Ethnicity As Moderator Of Young Adults' Perception With Their Mother And Grandparents, Erika Quezada

Honors Capstones

Limited research is available on adolescent-grandparent relationships, especially from the young adult perspective and across ethnicities. This study explores the perception of the child-mother and the grandchild-grandparent relationships across Caucasian, African American and Hispanic ethnicities as well as the role young adults' gender plays in predicting the quality of the grandchild-grandparent relationship. This study was based on answers to a structured questionnaire from a sample of274 undergraduate students aged 19-24 at a large Midwestern university. Mixed results suggest that perception of the relationship is moderated by ethnicity and gender. Findings suggest that young adults of Caucasian descent perceived a more …

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First Generation Of Gender And Hiv Programs: Seeking Clarity And Synergy, Judith Bruce, Nicole Haberland, Amy Joyce, Eva Roca, Tobey Nelson Sapiano Jan 2011

First Generation Of Gender And Hiv Programs: Seeking Clarity And Synergy, Judith Bruce, Nicole Haberland, Amy Joyce, Eva Roca, Tobey Nelson Sapiano

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

In the past decade, there have been expanding resources to address the underlying gender dimensions of HIV. This has been particularly urgent in sub-Saharan Africa as the female-to-male infection ratios in young populations has reached 3 to 1 and sometimes above. The phrase “gender and HIV” has become commonplace yet does not provide any specific guidance as to target audiences, content, or measurable results. It can include everything from microcredit programs for HIV-positive women, to workplace programs seeking to change negative male norms, to efforts to increase respect for diverse sexual and gender identities. This review, conducted by the Population …

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Under Pressure: The Effects Of Competition On Performance, G. Ben Maxwell Jan 2011

Under Pressure: The Effects Of Competition On Performance, G. Ben Maxwell

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

The present study was conducted in order to assess sex differences in scores on word search puzzles in which participants are given information intended to incite competitive emotions. Forty participants—18 men and 22 women—were recruited from the Lindenwood Participant Pool. Participants were randomly assigned into four groups designed to prompt two different kinds of competitive emotions: one which put the participants against the other sex, and one which put them against all other participants. It was hypothesized that men would do better than women under all competitive conditions, and that the overall scores of participants would increase in all experimental …

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Perceived Racial Expectations Of Children, Jessica R. Roesslein Jan 2011

Perceived Racial Expectations Of Children, Jessica R. Roesslein

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

This study concerns the presence of prejudice among children, especially concerning ambiguous everyday situations. Racism can be a source of a variety of health issues, and everyday acts of prejudice can be even more harmful that overt acts of racism. Therefore, this study aims to identify racial preferences among children, in the form of everyday ambiguous situations by having them identify what is occurring in a picture involving ambiguous interactions between white and black children on a playground. Identifying racism early in life could help combat the cumulative stress effects that racism has on the individual. By reducing this stress, …

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Social Support And Gender Effects On Academic Confidence In Foster Youth, Carolyn Suzanne Gillard Jan 2011

Social Support And Gender Effects On Academic Confidence In Foster Youth, Carolyn Suzanne Gillard

Master's Theses

Finding the predictors for academic success is critical for foster youth to become productive citizens as adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social support in the academic confidence of transitional foster youth. Because the literature suggests men and women benefit from social support differentially, I also examined gender as the moderating variable for social support and academic confidence. A sample of 82 foster youth (15-18 years old) from San Joaquin County's Human Service Agency volunteered to participate. Participants were given the Student Perceived Availability of Social Support Questionnaire (SPASSQ) to assess their perceptions of …

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A Case Study Of Women Educational Administrators And Their Perspectives On Work And Life Roles, Krissy Perkins Jan 2011

A Case Study Of Women Educational Administrators And Their Perspectives On Work And Life Roles, Krissy Perkins

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Women are persistent in their pursuits to obtain advanced degrees in higher education, as evidenced by the growing percentage (53% in 2009 according to NCES, 2010). Their purposes for degree attainment are multiple and varied, as are their experiences in higher education. This case study investigated the perspectives of five females managing the roles of woman, mother, educational administrator, and doctoral student. Previous research has paid little attention to women who manage three roles, let alone four. Feminist Standpoint Theory undergirds this study and allows a conversation about power relations within the broader social order, allows the asking of questions …

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"Take Another Look At 'Em": Passing Performances Of Gender In The Junior-Freshman Weddings Of Florida State College For Women, 1909-1925, Sarah Lynne Jünke Jan 2011

"Take Another Look At 'Em": Passing Performances Of Gender In The Junior-Freshman Weddings Of Florida State College For Women, 1909-1925, Sarah Lynne Jünke

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Junior-freshmen weddings were all-female mock weddings that were performed as annual traditions on college campuses throughout the U.S. in the early part of the twentieth-century. In the weddings, college women played both the men's and women's roles, and were joined as husband and wife by their college administration. This thesis focuses on the junior-freshman weddings of Florida State College for Women during the years 1909-1925 and argues that the weddings expressed the conflicted cultural contexts that college women in the Progressive Era confronted, but that, significantly, this expression was done through passing performances of gender. The women's choice of passing …

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Gender And Race, Online Communities, And Composition Classrooms, Jill Anne Morris Jan 2011

Gender And Race, Online Communities, And Composition Classrooms, Jill Anne Morris

Wayne State University Dissertations

As the culmination of a two-year long Internet ethnographic study of three separate sites, I use examples of women and minorities fighting against discrimination online to explore the power structures inherent to networks and how these might affect classroom practice. I will show how our ordinary assumptions in rhetoric and composition as well as computers and writing about the necessity of safe spaces in fostering communication about gender and race and safety for people of color and women online might actually be harming the rhetorical effectiveness of these writings. To focus this discussion, I will develop three case studies and …

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On A Good Day, You Get To Kill A Whore: Narrative Misogyny And Female Audiences In Supernatural, Jordan Richard Jan 2011

On A Good Day, You Get To Kill A Whore: Narrative Misogyny And Female Audiences In Supernatural, Jordan Richard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this paper, I attempt to analyze the function of gender messages in media texts and the engagement of audiences with these messages. I adopt an interdisciplinary approach, applying theoretical and methodological concepts from both film studies and audience studies, in order to develop a new model through which to study media texts and fans. I apply this model to an analysis of female characters in the television program Supernatural and to self-identified female fans of Supernatural. Throughout the paper, I contend that such an interdisciplinary model is necessary for understanding media texts and audiences, and I conclude that media …

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Domestic Violence And State Intervention In The American West And Australia, 1860-1930, Carolyn B. Ramsey Jan 2011

Domestic Violence And State Intervention In The American West And Australia, 1860-1930, Carolyn B. Ramsey

Publications

This Article calls into question stereotypical assumptions about the presumed lack of state intervention in the family and the patriarchal violence of Anglo-American frontier societies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By analyzing previously unexamined cases of domestic assault and homicide in the American West and Australia, Professor Ramsey reveals a sustained (but largely ineffectual) effort to civilize men by punishing violence against women. Husbands in both the American West and Australia were routinely arrested or summoned to court for beating their wives in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Judges, police officers, journalists, and others expressed dismay …

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Academic Advising And Retention Of First-Generation College Students At A Research University In The Southeast, Hadyn K. Swecker Jan 2011

Academic Advising And Retention Of First-Generation College Students At A Research University In The Southeast, Hadyn K. Swecker

All ETDs from UAB

Student retention is an area of concern both academically and financially for higher education institutions. With the state of the current economy, finances are a critical component to higher education institutions. Retention rates, in addition to graduation rates, are used for assessing the overall success of an institution and in some instances future funding. According to Schneider (2010), only 60% of undergraduate students matriculate from four-year institutions within six years of initial enrollment. One population, first-generation college students, are 1.3 times more likely than their non-first-generation peers to leave an institution during their first year of college (Ishitani, 2006). The …

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Ruti Teitel Responds To Shana Tabak, Ruti G. Teitel Jan 2011

Ruti Teitel Responds To Shana Tabak, Ruti G. Teitel

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

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Self-Discrimination: A Field Experiment On Obesity, Pablo Brañas-Garza, Antonios Proestakis Jan 2011

Self-Discrimination: A Field Experiment On Obesity, Pablo Brañas-Garza, Antonios Proestakis

ESI Working Papers

While it is well-established in the literature that obese people are dis- criminated against in the working environment, little is known about their own actual behavior. Our experimental setting investigates whether these potentially discriminated people respond in a di erent way when faced with the opportunity of earning a positive amount of money. Signi cant lower money requests by people who are self-reported as obese con rm our self-discrimination hypothesis, o ering an additional explanation for the wage gap; Thus, it seems that these obese people earn less not only because of discrimination against them but also because they themselves …

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The Myth Of Endless Accumulation: A Feminist Inquiry Into Globalization, Growth, And Social Change, Martha Freymann Miser Jan 2011

The Myth Of Endless Accumulation: A Feminist Inquiry Into Globalization, Growth, And Social Change, Martha Freymann Miser

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This theoretical dissertation examines the concept of growth and its core assumption—that the continual accumulation of wealth is both socially wise and ecologically sustainable. The study challenges and offers alternatives to the myth of endless accumulation, suggesting new directions for leadership and social change. The central question posed in this inquiry: Can we craft a more ethical form of capitalism? To answer this question, the study examines conventional and critical globalization studies; feminist scholarship on standpoint, political economy, and power; and the Enlightenment notions of progress and modernism, drawing on a number of works, including Aristotle on the three intelligences, …

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Inequality Aversion And Altruism In Bargaining Experiments: The Effect Of Gender, Carolina Del Pilar Cerda Jan 2011

Inequality Aversion And Altruism In Bargaining Experiments: The Effect Of Gender, Carolina Del Pilar Cerda

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This paper examines gender-related inequality aversion, altruism and the effect of gender on decision-making using ultimatum and dictator experiments. A triple-anonymous design was incorporated into the experiments by excluding monetary payments in order to eliminate any aspect of social pressure that the experimenter may exert by exchanging money with the subjects. The absence of social pressure allows for observation of gender differences in economic behavior. Results show that there is a sharp difference between genders. Women are more likely to give larger amounts than men indicating that altruism does vary depending on gender. Also, inequality aversion appears to be more …

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Exporting Subjects: Globalizing Family Law Progress Through International Human Rights, Cyra Akila Choudhury Jan 2011

Exporting Subjects: Globalizing Family Law Progress Through International Human Rights, Cyra Akila Choudhury

Faculty Publications

This article examines the global export of domestic U.S. legal projects and strategies in the realm of family law and gender justice to South Asia. While such projects have undoubtedly achieved substantial gains for women in the U.S., there have also been costs. At a remove of two decades, scholars have now begun to theorize those costs and argue that feminism needs to reconsider its commitments to particular projects that have been held central to women’s emancipation. Yet much of these critiques have not reached the transnational women’s movements that are led by U.S. feminist activists and scholars. Relying on …

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Erotic Entitlements Part I: A Reply To Sex Therapy In The Age Of Viagra: “Money Can’T Buy Melove”, Adrienne D. Davis Jan 2011

Erotic Entitlements Part I: A Reply To Sex Therapy In The Age Of Viagra: “Money Can’T Buy Melove”, Adrienne D. Davis

Scholarship@WashULaw

This is the first of three inquiries into what might be thought of as erotic entitlement. It explores the role of the erotic in regulatory and distributive regimes. Conceived as a reply to Susan Stiritz and Susan Appleton‘s provocative and rich essay Sex Therapy in the Age of Viagra, it starts by summarizing the innovations of their argument. It next uses their paper to pose some questions. First, in this time of contentious feminist, constitutional, and human rights sexual discourse, how is the erotic defined? How is the erotic related to and distinct from desire, the sexual, and even the …

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