Digital Commons Network^™

“Flexing” And The Luxury Lifestyle: A Critique Of The “False Solidarity” Of Female Officials And Public Figures In Contemporary Indonesian Media, Wening Udasmoro, Leo Marai

The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies

This study aims to explore the practice of “flexing” and the luxury lifestyle as represented in the media both through the self-representation of female public figures on their social media accounts and through coverage by mainstream outlets. These figures include actresses, entertainers, and other widely recognized social personalities. The research is urgent given that the public display of wealth and opulence disseminated through the media generates a domino effect within society, particularly in shaping consumption patterns and fueling an increasingly pervasive culture of consumerism in Indonesia. The proliferation of consumerist culture both reflects and exacerbates social inequality in Indonesia, where …

Gender And The Factors Behind Female Students’ Choice Of The Teaching Profession: Students’ Perspectives At College Of Education, Kuwait University, Zaha M. Alsuwailan Dr., Farah A. Almutawa Dr.

International Journal for Research in Education

The research aimed to examine the concept of gender and the related factors influencing female students' choice of the teaching profession from students' perspectives at College of Education, Kuwait University. A descriptive analytical approach was employed, with a questionnaire administered to a purposive sample of 1,289 students. Findings related to social factors indicated that the teaching profession continues to be associated with traditional gender roles for women. Job security emerged as significant material reason influencing the choice of the profession, while official working hours and school holidays were key factors related to the nature of the work. The research revealed …

Women In Ministry In The Churches Of Christ: A Comparative View, Jennifer Reinsch Schroeder

Discernment: Theology and the Practice of Ministry

This article examines the experiences of women serving as full-time ministers in the Churches of Christ. Analysis of the Siburt Institute’s 2025 Salary Survey shows a large gender pay gap that speaks to concerns regarding support and sustainability in ministry. To better understand mechanisms that impact both support and sustainability, a separate qualitative study was performed that analyzed the interviews of twenty-one full-time, female ministers. The study revealed recurring features of unhealthy systems and the impact of unhealthy systems on women in ministry. Conversely, the interviews illuminated hallmarks of healthy systems and the results that emerge out of such systems. …

Determinants Of Generation Z Working In The Formal And Informal Sectors In West Nusa Tenggara, Luluk Fadliyanti, Wan Roshidah Fadzim, Vici Handalusia, Muhammad Dzul Fadlli

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing Generation Z’s decision to work in either the formal or informal sectors in West Nusa Tenggara. A descriptive quantitative approach combined with binary logistic regression analysis was employed. The population consists of 968 Generation Z individuals aged 15–26 years who are currently employed and earning income. The study utilizes secondary data from the August 2023 National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS), obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of West Nusa Tenggara Province, covering respondents across ten districts and cities. The results indicate that income and age have a negative and statistically significant …

The British Photographic Industry And The Roles Of Women 1840-1920: A Survey, Michael Pritchard

Art Inquiries

This essay surveys the role of women within the British photographic industry to 1920 and attempts to quantify the numbers involved, their roles and how they were perceived by contemporary commentators. In common with so much of nineteenth century arts and sciences women are rarely present having been excluded by legal constraints on wealth and property, from the membership of professional bodies, and by being ignored by the contemporary press, this essay provides substantive numbers emphasising their significance.

Redefining Gender And Rural Life In The Pampas: Alessandra Sanguinetti’S The Adventures Of Guille And Belinda Series, Alejandra López-Oliveros

Art Inquiries

At the time of Argentina’s independence, the gauchos (nomadic horsemen) had become the symbol of the nation in its purest form. Celebrated as independent, heroic and strong, and usually portrayed as the sole inhabitants of the Pampa, the idealized image of the gaucho has flooded popular culture and art even today, to the detriment of flesh-and-bone wage laborers of all genders. As opposed to this static image, I propose to examine Alessandra Sanguinetti’s photographic series, The Adventures of Guille and Belinda (ongoing since 1999), which focuses on girls and women in the countryside, pointedly highlights their previous absence. By contrasting …

Naturalizing Motherhood: Neoliberal Femininity And The Re-Traditionalization Of Gender In Turkey, Canan Tanir

Sociology Faculty Publications

The recent trends in the social construction of “good mothering” through “naturalism” have become remarkably definitive in Turkey in the last decade. This study presents data from in-depth interviews with naturalist mothers in Istanbul demonstrating four operative mechanisms in their narratives with regard to their conception of gender. Practices of naturalist motherhood depart from systemic criticism and opposition to the ongoing neoliberal conservatization process in Turkey. However, at the same time, they are congruent with the normalization of a patriarchal gender order in this context. I propose that addressing this controversy is contingent on problematizing the focus on choice and …

Teaching Oppositional Resistance To The Weaponization Of Artificial Intelligence In Acts Of Gendered Violence, Lili R. Romann, Elizab​Eth A. Hintz

Feminist Pedagogy

Meeting the aims of this special issue to take a uniquely feminist approach to understanding AI in higher education, we offer a critical commentary to help other scholars apply a critical feminist lens when teaching about the promise of artificial intelligence in the classroom. Specifically, we center pornographic deepfakes as a primal, contemporary, and disastrous example of the gendered weaponization of artificial intelligence. This critical commentary has staying power – equipping future teachers with feminist tools to tackle AI (as well as the inevitable future of AI to come) in pedagogical practice.

Performing "Manly" Worship Music: Gender And Timbre At Mars Hill Church, Maren Haynes Marchesini

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

Ten years ago, Mars Hill boasted fifteen campuses and 15,000 members. Amid mounting allegations of abuse and mismanagement leveled against founding pastor Mark Driscoll, the church famously collapsed, closing its doors at the end of 2014. Driscoll had built Mars Hill’s core brand around his opposition to the perceived feminization of the Christian mainstream, and appointing himself the “leader of a heterosexual male backlash” in the church and broader culture. While Driscoll’s muscular Christianity stands in a wide historical stream, Mars Hill long led the charge in establishing a youth-oriented, hipster brand of hypermasculine Calvinism. And while rhetoric and theology …

Individuals’ Experiences Of Care Partner Involvement In Heart Disease Management: A Pilot Study, Elizabeth Richards

School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Introduction: Heart disease impacts both those diagnosed and their families, often due to lifestyle modifications that can alter family dynamics. While existing literature focuses on men and married individuals, understanding care partner involvement for both men and women independent of marital status is important, given gender disparities in heart disease experiences, caregiving roles, and widowhood rates. We explored differences in characteristics of men and women with heart disease, with and without a care partner. Additionally, we explored involvement of care partner beyond spousal relationships. We further examined gender differences in these experiences. Method: Cross-sectional Prolific survey pilot data of persons …

The Influence Of Religion On Gender Roles, Julianna R. Cutcher

The Downtown Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal Written and Peer-Reviewed by Mandel Honors College Students at Cleveland State University

Religion plays a pivotal role in shaping cultural norms, values, and power structures within societies. Religious discourse, as a socially constructed form of knowledge, defines gender roles, norms, and stereotypes, often reinforcing systems of privilege that favor straight, cisgender, white, and male individuals. This paper explores how religious teachings contribute to gender inequality, limiting opportunities for women and marginalized groups while enforcing rigid expectations of gender identity and sexual orientation. The analysis highlights the intersection of religion and power, exploring the topic through four lenses: systems of privilege and inequality, gender, social implications, and media and culture; it also presents …

Building Peace From Afar: Women-Led Peacebuilding From The Diaspora, Elena B, Stavrevska, Sveto Muhammad Ishoq, Shadi Rouhshahbaz, Kay Soe, Briana Mawby, Carolyne Komen

Kroc IPJ Research and Resources

Diaspora communities have long played critical roles in peacebuilding efforts in their countries of origin, yet the contributions of women within these communities remain significantly underexplored and underappreciated. This report seeks to address this gap by focusing on the unique roles, challenges and contributions of women in diaspora-led peacebuilding initiatives. Women in the diaspora — often navigating complex identities and facing distinct challenges — are vital actors in promoting peace, reconciliation and social change in their homelands.

Drawing on a comprehensive review of literature, research interviews, and detailed case studies, this report provides a nuanced understanding of how diaspora women …

The Gender Pay Gap: An Occupational Analysis (2012-2023), Curtis Long

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

This thesis examines the gender wage gap across thirty major U.S. occupations from 2014 to 2023 using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), more specifically, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The analysis measures the difference in median weekly earnings between women and men in each occupation and applies two statistical tests: a yearly z-test to evaluate whether the average wage gap is significant, and a ten-year t-test to identify persistent occupational gaps. Results show significant wage differences in every year, with the largest disparities in finance, management, and law, and smaller gaps in education and healthcare. Consistent …

Gender, Class, And Code-Switching Among Tunisian Youth, Evie Mount-Cors

Tunisia and Italy: Politics and Religious Integration in the Mediterranean

This study investigates how gender and social class influence the frequency and motivations for code-switching among young Tunisians. Following the French Protectorate (1881) and subsequent Arabization policies in the late 20th century, Tunisian youth are faced with a complex linguistic environment. This paper posits that the enduring legacies of prestige and gender norms drive variation in the frequency and motivation behind code-switching among Tunisian men and women. Based on a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews, this research examines how these social factors shape the function and meaning of language choice in post-colonial Tunisia. The findings suggest that social class creates …

Hands-On Vs. Critical-Thinking Labs And Engineering Pathways: A Gender-Comparative Analysis, Stacey Rodas Duarte

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

The purpose of this study is to compare short-term changes in students’ interest in engineering following two instructional formats: a hands-on lab activity (metal casting) and a critical thinking based lecture/lab (bmed). Using pre and post lab surveys, we evaluated changes in student engagement, confidence, and perceptions of engineering as a potential career. We also examined whether these patterns varied by gender among middle and high school students.

Building Peace From Afar: Women-Led Peacekeeping From The Diaspora (Case Study: Burma/Myanmar), Kay Soe

Kroc IPJ Research and Resources

This case study highlights the role and strategies of Burmese/Myanmar’s women in the diaspora in the US in contributing to political transformation in their homeland. It shows how through advocacy, mobilization, women’s networks and different types of organizing, these women navigate structural and cultural challenges, leveraging their diasporic networks and unique perspectives to support democratic ideals and envision an inclusive, federal future for Burma/Myanmar.

Building Peace From Afar: Women-Led Peacekeeping From The Diaspora (Case Study: Iran), Shadi Rouhshahbaz

Kroc IPJ Research and Resources

This case study examines how young Iranian women, at home and abroad, envision Iran’s futures, their role in change-making and the challenges they face. It shows how their aspirations reflect lived experiences and the limited civic spaces within which they champion change, and the difficult choices they face about leaving or staying, while their visions for Iran’s future transcend current insecurities, offering images of a more equitable society that may inspire meaningful, feminist-led transformation.

Industries, Self-Rated Health, And Status Characteristics: An Exploration Of Health In Industries At The Intersection Of Race/Ethnicity, Gender, And Disability, Emmanuel Legarreta

Dissertations and Theses

While industries, occupations, and health outcomes have been widely studied, research has neglected self-rated health (SRH) and the intersectionality of different status characteristics in various industries. Using an IPUMS version of the Current Population Survey, this study explores the possible relationships between industries and SRH. More specifically, it seeks to find if workers' disability status, racial minority status, or gender moderates (i.e., differentiates) the relationship between their industry and SRH. Findings show that certain industries are significant predictors of SRH, and that women with disabilities working in Mining and Construction, and Business and Repair Service have significantly worse SRH than …

Make It Pink: Superman, Pink Kryptonite, And Fandom, Tom Ue, Kristofer Starzomski-Wilson

Proceedings from the Document Academy

This paper explores several representations of pink kryptonite. In Doug Murphy’s animated short film True Colors (2017), Superman (Jason J. Lewis) transforms into a woman when he’s exposed to this substance. This short, as we have shown elsewhere (2025), offers a useful lens for examining the perpetuation and the critique of gender stereotypes in superhero media: Superman may be equally capable regardless of his sex, but the film pokes fun at, rather than celebrates, his transformation. Pink kryptonite rarely appears in the canon. A single panel in Supergirl (2003) has received perhaps the most sustained attention. Tom Ue’s archival work …

Development Of A Tool To Measure Creative Thinking And Its Use In Assessing The Level Of Creative Thinking Skills Among Jordan University Students, Sahar Obaid, Ferial Abu Awwad

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

The study aimed to develop a scale for measuring creative thinking, evaluate its validity and reliability, and apply it to students at the University of Jordan. Two equivalent forms of the scale Form (A) and Form (B) were created, each consisting of 14 questions. The scale was administered to a sample of 73 male and female undergraduate students, who were randomly divided into two groups: 37 students completed Form (A), and 36 students completed Form (B). The results indicated that the scale possesses appropriate psychometric properties. The reliability coefficients, measured by internal consistency, were 0.926 for Form (A) and 0.924 …

Item 1: Syllabus: African American Women In Us History, Lisa Bratton

Lisa Bratton, African American Women in the United States

This course, African American Women in the United States, explores the complex and often painful lives and legacies of African American women in the United States. Though often relegated to the margins of history, African American women have been involved in every facet of life in America—from its very inception. In this course, we will examine their African origins, their survival of the terrorism of enslavement, the struggle for basic human and civil rights to the African American women of today. This course will be beneficial for both races and all genders as the story of African American women is …

The Evolution Of Women Behind The Wheel, Gabrielle Iorio

Proceedings of the New York State Communication Association

This paper places the current state of women in motorsports in conversation with scholarship focused on media and cultural identity by providing historical context for women in motorsports while analyzing media representations of Danica Patrick and current racers Hailie Deegan, Toni Breidinger, and Tatiana Calderon. While great progress has been made in acceptance of women as professional race car drivers and in media representations of them, stereotypes still face these drivers when it comes to obtaining sponsorships and the types of sponsorships they receive.

Customer Food Intake: An Empirical Analysis Of Gender, Restaurant Use And Attitude Toward Fast Food Among Adolescents And Young Adults, In Nairobi, Kenya, Gerishom G. Madivoli, Rosemarie Ayuma Khayiya, Beatrice Kamau

Journal of Global Hospitality and Tourism

Fast food is the fastest- growing food category worldwide, providing young people and adolescents with a quick, cost- effective, and easily accessible alternative to home- cooked meals. There has been considerably less research into how gender, restaurant usage, and attitudes influence patterns of fast- food consumption. Moreover, the growth of the fast- food industry in every nation creates a significant environmental impetus for increasing fast food consumption and promoting unhealthy eating behaviours. If this issue is not addressed, the prevalence of lifestyle diseases such as obesity, along with the costs of managing these conditions, will escalate, particularly in Kenya. This …

The Layers Of Trauma In Gisella Perl’S I Was A Doctor In Auschwitz, Tiffany Sidders

Journal of Gender, Ethnic, and Cross-Cultural Studies

Contemporary trauma theory argues that trauma operates in a binary, linear fashion that represents healing from a crisis. As one of the foremost trauma theorists, Cathy Caruth situates trauma within a binary framework of either victim or perpetrator but does not fully account for victims who became perpetrators or those who perpetrated for survival—or for the survival of others. One example of such a figure is Gisella Perl. In her memoir I Was a Doctor in Auschwitz, Perl describes multiple layers of trauma that create a deeper connection to her emotions and her lived experience in Auschwitz. Unlike other …

Constructing Gender Disparity Through Culture: A Socio-Pragmatic Study Of Impoliteness, Indirectness And Implicature In Igbo Female Degrading Proverbs, Uche Oboko Dr, Grace Ikechukwu

Journal of Gender, Ethnic, and Cross-Cultural Studies

Igbo proverbs are valuable expressions that unravel linguistic idiosyncrasies and project the essential principles of life. This study examines the extent to which fifty Igbo proverbs that contain implicit impoliteness imports and implicature are used indirectly to demean women and create bias against them in the Igbo socio-cultural setting. In this qualitative research, the fifty Igbo proverbs were selected based on their contents from the five Igbo-speaking states in the southeastern part of Nigeria (Abia, Anambra, Enugu, Ebonyi, and Imo). The proverbs were translated from the Igbo language to the English language, interpreted, and analyzed. The analysis was conducted using …

From Student To Teacher: Lgbtq+ Pre-Service Teachers’ Physical Education Experiences, Alexandra L. Stoddart, Niya St. Amant

Journal of Queer and Trans Studies in Education

The first phase of an explanatory sequential design explored Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning (LGBTQ+) pre-service teachers’ retrospective experiences from primary and secondary school (K-12) physical education, as well as their physical education experiences in one post-secondary institution. Ahmed’s (2006; 2010) interpretation of orientation was invoked as a conceptual consideration. Quantitative results from the cross-sectional online survey indicated that K-12 physical education remains an unsafe and uncomfortable learning space for many LGBTQ+ students for a myriad of reasons. Conventional qualitative content analysis generated four categories about K-12 class pedagogy and structure, gender and sexuality, change rooms, and the …

Editorial: Disclosure In Sexual And Reproductive Health, Pooja Chitneni, Shan Qiao Ph.D., Simon M. Manga, Janet M. Turan

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Teaching About Violence Against Women: Reflections On Threshold Concepts, Maddy Coy

Feminist Pedagogy

No abstract provided.

Mental Distress And Resource Insecurity In The Kingdom Of Tonga After The 2022 Volcanic Eruption: Associations Of Water And Food Insecurity With Mental Distress, Hilary J. Bethanancourt, Indira Bose, Lupe Moala Tupou, Melissa Meinhart, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Ph.D., Amelia Greaves, Sera L. Young

Faculty Publications

Background Water and food insecurity can harm mental health; all 3 may, in turn, be exacerbated by humanitarian crises. The linkages between food insecurity, water insecurity, and mental health are gaining attention but have not been investigated after a natural disaster.

Objective To investigate the associations between food insecurity, water insecurity, and mental distress, and how these relationships may differ between women and men, in the aftermath of the January 15, 2022, volcanic eruption in the Kingdom of Tonga.

Design Secondary analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Equality Insights Rapid survey collected 4 to 5 months after the …

Gender In Translation: How The Contemporary Bible Is Challenging Androcentric Language In Translation Through Gender-Accurate And Feminist Hermeneutical Lenses, Matthew T. Gennard

Masters Theses

This Thesis surveys the changing practice of gender-accurate translation from the late nineteenth century to the present, with special consideration for the three key principles of gender-accurate translation: Generic ‘he,’ androcentric lexemes, and pronoun substitution. These focus areas are derived from an analysis of the five translation guidelines produced during the late twentieth-century gender-neutral controversy. The loss of individuality when introducing pronominal interchange or the masculine representative hermeneutical lens has left scholars divided on gender-accurate practices. This study surveys the sociohistorical development of the feminist hermeneutical lens and the changing linguistic trends of contemporary language, which challenge androcentric assumptions in …