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The Expression Of Microrna Mir-107 Decreases Early In Alzheimer's Disease And May Accelerate Disease Progression Through Regulation Of Β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein-Cleaving Enzyme 1, Wang-Xia Wang, Bernard W. Rajeev, Arnold J. Stromberg, Na Ren, Guiliang Tang, Qingwei Huang, Isidore Rigoutsos, Peter T. Nelson

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that participate in posttranscriptional gene regulation in a sequence-specific manner. However, little is understood about the role(s) of miRNAs in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used miRNA expression microarrays on RNA extracted from human brain tissue from the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center Brain Bank with near-optimal clinicopathological correlation. Cases were separated into four groups: elderly nondemented with negligible AD-type pathology, nondemented with incipient AD pathology, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with moderate AD pathology, and AD. Among the AD-related miRNA expression changes, miR-107 was exceptional because miR-107 levels decreased significantly even in patients with …

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Is Present Near The Minimal Level Required For Accurate Graded Responses To The Wingless Morphogen, Hassina Benchabane, Edward G. Hughes, Carter M. Takacs, Jason R. Baird, Yashi Ahmed

Dartmouth Scholarship

The mechanisms by which the Wingless (Wg) morphogen modulates the activity of the transcriptional activator Armadillo (Arm) to elicit precise, concentration-dependent cellular responses remain uncertain. Arm is targeted for proteolysis by the Axin/Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc1 and Apc2)/Zeste-white 3 destruction complex, and Wg-dependent inactivation of destruction complex activity is crucial to trigger Arm signaling. In the prevailing model for Wg transduction, only Axin levels limit destruction complex activity, whereas Apc is present in vast excess. To test this model, we reduced Apc activity to different degrees, and analyzed the effects on three concentration-dependent responses to Arm signaling that specify distinct …

Interspecific Hybridization Yields Strategy For South Pacific Filariasis Vector Elimination, Corey L. Brelsfoard, Yves Séchan, Stephen L. Dobson

Entomology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a leading cause of disability in South Pacific regions, where >96% of the 1.7 million population are at risk of LF infection. As part of current global campaign, mass drug administration (MDA) has effectively reduced lymphatic filiariasis prevalence, but mosquito vector biology can complicate the MDA strategy. In some regions, there is evidence that the goal of LF elimination cannot be attained via MDA alone. Obligate vector mosquitoes provide additional targets for breaking the LF transmission cycle, but existing methods are ineffective for controlling the primary vector throughout much of the South Pacific, Aedes polynesiensis. …

Women's Colposcopy Experience And Preferences: A Mixed Methods Study., Dawn R. Swancutt, Sheila M. Greenfield, Sue Wilson

Peninsula Medical School

BACKGROUND: The colposcopy service is a key component in the UK Cervical Screening Programme. Over 120,000 women are referred to the service annually, however up to 25% of women fail to attend their appointment. Little is known about patients' preferences for colposcopic investigation and treatment. This study aims to investigate women's experience of colposcopy, to identify patients' preferences for aspects of appointments within the colposcopy service, and to make suggestions for service improvement. METHODS/DESIGN: This study has been designed as a two stage, mixed method project. Stage one will involve in-depth interviews with new colposcopy patients to ascertain their experience …

Women's Colposcopy Experience And Preferences: A Mixed Methods Study., Dawn R. Swancutt, Sheila M. Greenfield, Sue Wilson

Peninsula Medical School

BACKGROUND: The colposcopy service is a key component in the UK Cervical Screening Programme. Over 120,000 women are referred to the service annually, however up to 25% of women fail to attend their appointment. Little is known about patients' preferences for colposcopic investigation and treatment. This study aims to investigate women's experience of colposcopy, to identify patients' preferences for aspects of appointments within the colposcopy service, and to make suggestions for service improvement. METHODS/DESIGN: This study has been designed as a two stage, mixed method project. Stage one will involve in-depth interviews with new colposcopy patients to ascertain their experience …

Genome-Wide Analysis Of The Interaction Between The Endosymbiotic Bacterium Wolbachia And Its Drosophila Host, Zhiyong Xi, Laurent Gavotte, Yan Xie, Stephen L. Dobson

Entomology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Intracellular Wolbachia bacteria are obligate, maternally-inherited, endosymbionts found frequently in insects and other invertebrates. The success of Wolbachia can be attributed in part to an ability to alter host reproduction via mechanisms including cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, feminization and male killing. Despite substantial scientific effort, the molecular mechanisms underlying the Wolbachia/host interaction are unknown.

RESULTS: Here, an in vitro Wolbachia infection was generated in the Drosophila S2 cell line, and transcription profiles of infected and uninfected cells were compared by microarray. Differentially-expressed patterns related to reproduction, immune response and heat stress response are observed, including multiple genes that have …

The First (Black) Lady, Verna L. Williams

Faculty Articles and Other Publications

Part I examines the role of First Lady, which has been undertheorized in legal scholarship, and how it promotes privileged white femininity, and in so doing, upholds patriarchy. Part II builds upon that discussion, explaining that the gender and racial norms that contribute to the traditional First Lady trope exemplify the intertwined nature of racism and sexism, which have been used to justify Black subordination. This section also examines how African Americans have embraced gender conformance as a way of attaining acceptance and status within the existing social order, specifically through the "Black lady" construct, which the campaign invoked to …

Interdependent Group Contingency Management For Cocaine-Dependent Methadone Maintenance Patients., Kimberly C Kirby, Mary Louise Kerwin, Carolyn M Carpenedo, Beth J Rosenwasser, Robert S Gardner

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

Contingency management (CM) for drug abstinence has been applied to individuals independently even when delivered in groups. We developed a group CM intervention in which the behavior of a single, randomly selected, anonymous individual determined reinforcement delivery for the entire group. We also compared contingencies placed only on cocaine abstinence (CA) versus one of four behaviors (CA, treatment attendance, group CM attendance, and methadone compliance) selected randomly at each drawing. Two groups were formed with 22 cocaine-dependent community-based methadone patients and exposed to both CA and multiple behavior (MB) conditions in a reversal design counterbalanced across groups for exposure order. …

A Meta-Analysis Of Cbt For Pathological Worry Among Clients With Gad., Roger Covin, Allison J Ouimet, Pamela M Seeds, David J A Dozois

Psychology Publications

Previous meta-analyses assessing the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) used general measures of anxiety to assess symptom severity and improvement (e.g., Hamilton Anxiety Ratings Scale or a composite measure of anxiety). While informative, these studies do not provide sufficient evidence as to whether CBT significantly reduces the cardinal symptom of GAD: pathological worry. The current meta-analysis employed stringent inclusion criteria to evaluate relevant outcome studies, including the use of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire as the main outcome variable. Results showed a large overall effect size (ES) that was moderated by age and modality …

Queering The Classroom Female Sexual Minority Teachers Break The Silence, Anne E. Stebbins

Digitized Theses

This thesis is about the homophobia that is present in secondary schools. By drawing on feminist and queer theories I examined the different manifestations of homophobia in schools based on stereotypical understandings about the queer female body. This research found that the extent to which the women were targets of homophobie hatred depended on the degree that their bodies embodied female masculinity with the result that the more that a queer female teacher’s body deviated from the stereotypical feminine norm, the more she was targeted. By investigating the homophobia that is present in secondary schools, I hope to increase awareness …

A ‘Call To Arms:’ A Gender Sensitive Approach To The Plight Of Female Child Soldiers In International Law, Priya Pillai

Human Rights Brief

No abstract provided.

Foreign-Body Reaction Mimicking Postneurosurgical Infection After Cranioplasty, David Brett-Major, Sean M. Baraniak, Jonathan E. Gilhooly, Rebecca L. Christensen, Gerald T. Grant, Rocco A. Armonda, Anuradha Ganesan

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

The case of a 57-year-old woman who suffered a fall is presented. After a polymethyl malacrylate revision cranioplasty, she presented with signs, symptoms, and intraoperative findings consistent with postneurosurgical infection. Dural foreign-body reaction was diagnosed, and parenteral antibiotic therapy was discontinued successfully.

Nonobstetric Laparoscopy Versus Laparotomy During Pregnancy: Maternal And Fetal Outcomes, Jeannine Ruby

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study was to compare maternal and fetal outcomes between nonobstetric laparoscopy and laparotomy during pregnancy at Yale-New Haven Hospital. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all nonobstetric intraabdominal surgeries during pregnancy at Yale-New Haven Hospital between 1987 and 2007. Of 159 potential cases, 103 cases (57 laparoscopies, 46 laparotomies) fit the criteria for analysis. Data were collected for the maternal surgical admission, maternal delivery admission, and infant outcome for both groups, and were then analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) Version 9.1. There was no difference in age or BMI between groups. Mean gestational age …

Community Based Epidemiological Study Of Chagas Disease In Rural Peru, Paul Walker

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, to valuate the TESA blot, and to characterize cardiac findings of patients with Chagas disease in a rural setting near Arequipa, Peru. The study site was the town of Quequeña, Peru with a population of 774 with 236 inhabitants under the age of 18 according to the 2005 census conducted by Peru. A fumigation/insect collection campaign was done in December of 2006 to quantify household infestation levels, document housing characteristics, and GPS household locations. Of the 602 people surveyed to be living in Quequeña, blood samples …

In-Vivo Singlet Oxygen Dosimetry Of Clinical 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy, Hans-Joachim Laubach, Sung K. Chang, Seonkyung Lee, Imran Rizvi

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Distinguishing Post-Treatment Changes From Recurrent Disease In Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report., Timothy N Showalter, A Omer Nawaz, Frederick M Fellin, Pramila R Anne, Ernest L Rosato, Adam P Dicker

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Three-dimensional techniques for radiotherapy have expanded possibilities for partial volume liver radiotherapy. Characteristic, transient radiographic changes can occur in the absence of clinical radiation-induced liver disease after hepatic radiotherapy and must be distinguished from local recurrence. CASE PRESENTATION: In this report, we describe computed tomography changes after chemoradiotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma as an example of collaboration to determine the clinical significance of the radiographic finding. CONCLUSION: Because of improved three-dimensional, conformal radiotherapy techniques, consultation across disciplines may be necessary to interpret post-treatment imaging findings.

Upa Is Upregulated By High Dose Celecoxib In Women At Increased Risk Of Developing Breast Cancer., Wenyi Qin, Weizhu Zhu, John E Hewett, George Rottinghaus, Yin-Chieh Chen, John T Flynn, Beth Kliethermes, Ferdinando Mannello, Edward R Sauter

Department of Physiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: While increased urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) expression in breast cancer tissue is directly associated with poor prognosis, recent evidence suggests that uPA overexpression may suppress tumor growth and prolong survival. Celecoxib has been shown to have antiangiogenic and antiproliferative properties. We sought to determine if uPA, PA inhibitor (PAI)-1 and prostaglandin (PG)E2 expression in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and uPA and PGE2 expression in plasma were altered by celecoxib dose and concentration in women at increased breast cancer risk.

METHODS: NAF and plasma samples were collected in women at increased breast cancer risk before and 2 weeks after taking …

One-Year Treatment With Mometasone Furoate In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Peter M.A. Calverley, Stephen I. Rennard, Harold S. Nelson, Jill P. Karpel, Eduardo H. Abbate, Paul Stryszak, Heribert Staudinger

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are treated with twice daily (BID) inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). This study evaluated whether daily PM mometasone furoate administered via a dry powder inhaler (MF-DPI) was equally effective compared to twice daily dosing.In a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 911 subjects with moderate-to-severe COPD managed without ICS received MF-DPI 800 microg QD PM, MF-DPI 400 microg BID, or placebo. The change from baseline in postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), total COPD symptom scores, and health status as well as the percentage of subjects with a COPD exacerbation were assessed. Adverse …

Continuous Source Of Care Among Young Underserved Children: Associated Characteristics And Use Of Recommended Parenting Practices., Esther K Chung, Leny Mathew, Kelly F Mccollum, Irma T Elo, Jennifer F Culhane

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to 1) assess sociodemographic and health characteristics associated with having a continuous source of care (CSOC) among young children and 2) determine the relationship between having a CSOC and use of parenting practices.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective, community-based survey of women receiving prenatal care at Philadelphia community health centers. We conducted surveys at the first prenatal visit and at a mean age +/- standard deviation of 3 +/-1, 11 +/- 1, and 24 +/- 2 months postpartum, obtaining information on sociodemographic and health characteristics, child's health care provider, and 6 parenting practices. …

Obesity, Hypertension, And Mental Health Evaluation In Adolescents: A Comprehensive Approach, Stefan G. Kiessling, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The global epidemic of childhood and adolescent obesity in developing and developed countries has become a major public health concern. Given the relation between obesity and hypertension as documented in several landmark studies, it is no surprise that as the prevalence of obesity has increased in the pediatric population, the rates of hypertension have also increased substantially. Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and stroke; therefore, evaluation and initiation of appropriate treatment are extremely important in the pediatric population. Evaluation for secondary causes of hypertension, including renovascular, renoparenchymal, and endocrine disease is the approach …

Sexual Revictimization, Janyce Vick

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Based on interviews with six women, this study describes each participant’s personal experience of childhood sexual victimization, and revictimization while serving in the military. These traumatic experiences in childhood may have increased their risk of developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder when exposed to sexual trauma in adulthood. Using a grounded theory approach, the interviewer identified common themes among the stories: early sexual abuse, and subsequent revictimization, poor family support, and poor choice of intimate partners as adults. Moreover, they experienced lessened ability to protect self and low self-esteem and denial. The subjects described a personal culture that included abuse as …

Correlates Of Tobacco Cessation Counseling Among Hispanic Physicians In The Us: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study, Francisco G Soto Mas, Héctor G Balcázar, Julia Valderrama Alberola, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Physician advice is an important motivator for attempting to stop smoking. However, physicians' lack of intervention with smokers has only modestly improved in the last decade. Although the literature includes extensive research in the area of the smoking intervention practices of clinicians, few studies have focused on Hispanic physicians. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlates of tobacco cessation counseling practices among Hispanic physicians in the US. METHODS: Data were collected through a validated survey instrument among a cross-sectional sample of self-reported Hispanic physicians practicing in New Mexico, and who were members of the New Mexico …

Eomesodermin, A Target Gene Of Pou4f2, Is Required For Retinal Ganglion Cell And Optic Nerve Development In The Mouse, Chai-An Mao, Takae Kiyama, Ping Pan, Yasuhide Furuta, Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis, William H Klein

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The mechanisms regulating retinal ganglion cell (RGC) development are crucial for retinogenesis and for the establishment of normal vision. However, these mechanisms are only vaguely understood. RGCs are the first neuronal lineage to segregate from pluripotent progenitors in the developing retina. As output neurons, RGCs display developmental features very distinct from those of the other retinal cell types. To better understand RGC development, we have previously constructed a gene regulatory network featuring a hierarchical cascade of transcription factors that ultimately controls the expression of downstream effector genes. This has revealed the existence of a Pou domain transcription factor, Pou4f2, that …

Aging Predisposes Oocytes To Meiotic Nondisjunction When The Cohesin Subunit Smc1 Is Reduced, Vijayalakshmi V. Subramanian, Sharon E. Bickel

Dartmouth Scholarship

In humans, meiotic chromosome segregation errors increase dramatically as women age, but the molecular defects responsible are largely unknown. Cohesion along the arms of meiotic sister chromatids provides an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to keep recombinant chromosomes associated until anaphase I. One attractive hypothesis to explain age- dependent nondisjunction (NDJ) is that loss of cohesion over time causes recombinant homologues to dissociate prematurely and segregate randomly during the first meiotic division. Using Drosophila as a model system, we have tested this hypothesis and observe a significant increase in meiosis I NDJ in experimentally aged Drosophila oocytes when the cohesin protein SMC1 …

Multiple Forms Of Atypical Rearrangements Generating Supernumerary Derivative Chromosome 15., Nicholas J Wang, Alexander S Parokonny, Karen N Thatcher, Jennette Driscoll, Barbara M Malone, Naghmeh Dorrani, Marian Sigman, Janine M Lasalle, N Carolyn Schanen

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Maternally-derived duplications that include the imprinted region on the proximal long arm of chromosome 15 underlie a complex neurobehavioral disorder characterized by cognitive impairment, seizures and a substantial risk for autism spectrum disorders1. The duplications most often take the form of a supernumerary pseudodicentric derivative chromosome 15 [der(15)] that has been called inverted duplication 15 or isodicentric 15 [idic(15)], although interstitial rearrangements also occur. Similar to the deletions found in most cases of Angelman and Prader Willi syndrome, the duplications appear to be mediated by unequal homologous recombination involving low copy repeats (LCR) that are found clustered in the …

Will The Stork Return To Europe And Japan? Understanding Fertility Within Developed Nations, James Feyrer, Bruce Sacerdote, Ariel Dora Stern

Dartmouth Scholarship

We seek to explain the differences in fertility rates across high-income countries by focusing on the interaction between the increasing status of women in the workforce and their status in the household, particularly with regards to child care and home production. We observe three distinct phases in women's status generated by the gradual increase in women's workforce opportunities. In the earliest phase, characteristic of the 1950s and 1960s in the United States, women earn low wages relative to men and are expected to shoulder all of the child care at home. As a result, most women specialize in home production …

Bone Stress Injury Of The Ankle In Professional Ballet Dancers Seen On Mri., Ilan Elias, Adam C Zoga, Steven M Raikin, Judith R Peterson, Marcus P Besser, William B Morrison, Mark E Schweitzer

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Ballet dancers have been shown to have a relatively high incidence of stress fractures of the foot and ankle. It was our objective to examine MR imaging patterns of bone marrow edema (BME) in the ankles of high performance professional ballet dancers, to evaluate clinical relevance. METHODS: MR Imaging was performed on 12 ankles of 11 active professional ballet dancers (6 female, 5 male; mean age 24 years, range 19 to 32). Individuals were imaged on a 0.2 T or 1.5 T MRI units. Images were evaluated by two musculoskeletal radiologists and one orthopaedic surgeon in consensus for location …

Searching For The Majority: Algorithms Of Voluntary Control, Jin Fan, Kevin G. Guise, Xun Liu, Hongbin Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Voluntary control of information processing is crucial to allocate resources and prioritize the processes that are most important under a given situation; the algorithms underlying such control, however, are often not clear. We investigated possible algorithms of control for the performance of the majority function, in which participants searched for and identified one of two alternative categories (left or right pointing arrows) as composing the majority in each stimulus set. We manipulated the amount (set size of 1, 3, and 5) and content (ratio of left and right pointing arrows within a set) of the inputs to test competing hypotheses …

Genes In Glucose Metabolism And Association With Spina Bifida, Christina M Davidson, Hope Northrup, Terri M King, Jack M Fletcher, Irene Townsend, Gayle H Tyerman, Kit Sing Au

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The authors test single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding sequences of 12 candidate genes involved in glucose metabolism and obesity for associations with spina bifida. Genotyping was performed on 507 children with spina bifida and their parents plus anonymous control DNAs from Hispanic and Caucasian individuals. The transmission disequilibrium test was performed to test for genetic associations between transmission of alleles and spina bifida in the offspring (P < .05). A statistically significant association between Lys481 of HK1 (G allele), Arg109Lys of LEPR (G allele), and Pro196 of GLUT1 (A allele) was found ( P = .019, .039, and .040, respectively). Three SNPs on 3 genes involved with glucose metabolism and obesity may be associated with increased susceptibility to spina bifida.

Juvenile Onset Central Nervous System Folate Deficiency And Rheumatoid Arthritis, Mary Kay Koenig, Maria Perez, Sheldon Rothenberg, Ian J Butler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Isolated cerebral folate deficiency was detected in a 13-year-old girl with cognitive and motor difficulties and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Her serum contains autoantibodies that block membrane-bound folate receptors that are on the choroid plexus and diminish the uptake of folate into the spinal fluid. Whereas her serum folate exceeded 21 ng/mL, her spinal fluid contained 3.2 ng/mL of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate as a consequence of the autoantibodies diminishing the uptake of this folate.