Digital Commons Network^™

Sexuality And Persons With Down Syndrome. A Study From Brazil, Bruna Marques Bononi, Maria José Carvalho Sant'anna, André Chao Vasconcellos De Oliveira, Tadeu Silveira Renattini, Carla Franchi Pinto, Maria Lúcia Passarelli, Verônica Coates, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

In recent years, important gains and changes have been observed in the life of teenagers with Down syndrome (DS) with increased inclusion into society. This review will discuss adolescence and sexuality in teenagers with DS from a descriptive study of 50 patients with DS between the ages of 10 and 20 years. The mean age was 13.5 years, 50% females; 86% went to school with 62.2% in school for over six years. Of the patients that attended school, 60% went to special education school and only 10% read and wrote correctly. In an evaluation of autonomy, 66% took showers, 78% …

Depressive Symptoms And Marital Satisfaction In The Context Of Chronic Disease: A Longitudinal Dyadic Analysis, Rachel Pruchno, Maureen Wilson-Genderson, Francine P Cartwright

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

These analyses examined the longitudinal relationships between depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction over a 2-year period as experienced by 315 patients with end-stage renal disease and their spouses. Using multilevel modeling, the authors examined both individual and cross-partner effects of depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction on patients and spouses, testing bidirectional causality. Results indicate that mean and time-varying depressive symptoms of both patients and spouses were associated with their own marital satisfaction. Although mean marital satisfaction was associated with own depressive symptoms for both patients and spouses, time-varying marital satisfaction did not affect depressive symptoms for either patients or spouses. …

Dynamic Mechanical (Brush) Allodynia In Cluster Headache: A Prevalence Study In A Tertiary Headache Clinic., Michael J Marmura, Muhammad Abbas, Avi Ashkenazi

Department of Jefferson Headache Center Papers and Presentations

Cutaneous allodynia (CA) has been described in migraine and has been related to treatment failure. There are little data about the incidence of CA in other primary headache syndromes such as cluster headache (CH). The objectives of this study are to evaluate the prevalence of dynamic mechanical (brush) allodynia (BA) in CH patients attending a tertiary headache clinic, and to assess its relation to disease characteristics. Adult patients with episodic or chronic CH were recruited. We obtained demographic data and data on disease characteristics through a structured questionnaire, and tested the patients for brush allodynia BA by applying a 4 …

Cd19 Signaling Is Impaired In Murine Peritoneal And Splenic B-1 B Lymphocytes, Trivikram Dasu, Vishal Sindhava, Stephen H. Clarke, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

B-1 cells reside predominantly within the coelomic cavities, tonsils, Peyer's patches, spleen (a minor fraction – ∼5%) and are absent in the lymph nodes. They are the primary sources of natural IgM in the body. B-1 cells express polyreactive B cell receptors (BCRs) that cross react with self-antigens and are thus implicated in auto-immune disorders. Previously, we reported that peritoneal B-1 cells are deficient in CD19-mediated intracellular signals leading to Ca²⁺ mobilization. Here, we find that splenic B-1 cells, like peritoneal B-1 cells, are defective in Ca²⁺ release upon B cell activation by co-cross-linking BCR and CD19. In …

Comparison Of Echocardiographic And Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurements Of Functional Single Ventricular Volumes, Mass, And Ejection Fraction (From The Pediatric Heart Network Fontan Cross-Sectional Study)., Renee Margossian, Marcy L. Schwartz, Ashwin Prakash, Lisa Wruck, Steven D. Colan, Andrew M. Atz, Timothy J. Bradley, Mark A. Fogel, Lynne M. Hurwitz, Edward Marcus, Andrew J. Powell, Beth F. Printz, Michael D. Puchalski, Jack Rychik, Girish S. Shirali, Richard Williams, Shi-Joon Yoo, Tal Geva, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Assessment of the size and function of a functional single ventricle (FSV) is a key element in the management of patients after the Fontan procedure. Measurement variability of ventricular mass, volume, and ejection fraction (EF) among observers by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and their reproducibility among readers in these patients have not been described. From the 546 patients enrolled in the Pediatric Heart Network Fontan Cross-Sectional Study (mean age 11.9 +/- 3.4 years), 100 echocardiograms and 50 CMR studies were assessed for measurement reproducibility; 124 subjects with paired studies were selected for comparison between modalities. Interobserver agreement …

Factors Influencing Diagnostic Radiology As A Specialty Choice Among Women, Victoria Potterton

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

While the number of women entering medical schools is approaching 50% nationally, women continue to be underrepresented in a number of specialties including diagnostic radiology. Although diagnostic radiology has many lifestyle characteristics that might be desirable to women, (e.g., reasonable call hours, flexible scheduling, and high salaries) women still do not choose radiology at the same rate at which they choose other specialties. Here, we use literature review, aggregated data analysis, and focus groups to investigate possible reasons why women enter diagnostic radiology at a lower rate than they enter medicine as a profession. The current literature suggests a consteIlation …

A Functional Difficulty And Functional Pain Instrument For Hip And Knee Osteoarthritis, Alan M. Jette, Christine M. Mcdonough, Pengsheng Ni, Stephen M. Haley

Dartmouth Scholarship

The objectives of this study were to develop a functional outcome instrument for hip and knee osteoarthritis research (OA-FUNCTION-CAT) using item response theory (IRT) and computer adaptive test (CAT) methods and to assess its psychometric performance compared to the current standard in the field.

Perirhinal Cortex Contributes To Accuracy In Recognition Memory And Perceptual Discriminations., Edward B O'Neil, Anthony D Cate, Stefan Köhler

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The prevailing view of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) holds that its structures are dedicated to long-term declarative memory. Recent evidence challenges this position, suggesting that perirhinal cortex (PRc) in the MTL may also play a role in perceptual discriminations of stimuli with substantial visual feature overlap. Relevant neuropsychological findings in humans have been inconclusive, likely because studies have relied on patients with large and variable MTL lesions. Here, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in healthy individuals to determine whether PRc shows a performance-related involvement in perceptual oddball judgments that is comparable to its established role in …

Craniofacial Anthropometric Norms Of Malaysian Indians, Wei Cheong Ngeow, S.T. Aljunid

Research Publications (2006 to 2010)

Objective: This study was done to establish the craniofacial anthropometric norms of the young adult (18-25 years) Malaysian Indian. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of convenient samples of 100 healthy volunteers, with equal number of female and male subjects who had no history of mixed racial-parentage. Twenty-two linear measurements were taken twice from 28 landmarks over six craniofacial regions. The methodology and evaluation of indices of the craniofacial region was adapted from Hajnis et al. Results: The minimum measurements are always contributed by the female Indian except for the nose height (n-sn), (left) eye fissure length (ex-en), upper …

Dicer Is Required For Female Reproductive Tract Development And Fertility In The Mouse, Gabriel Gonzalez, Richard R Behringer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Dicer encodes a riboendonuclease required for microRNA biosynthesis. Dicer was inactivated in Müllerian duct mesenchyme-derived tissues of the reproductive tract of the mouse, using an Amhr2-Cre allele. Although Amhr2-Cre; Dicer conditional mutant males appeared normal and were fertile, mutant females were infertile. In adult mutant females, there was a reduction in the size of the oviducts and uterine horns. The oviducts were less coiled compared to controls and cysts formed at the isthmus near the uterotubal junction. Unfertilized, degenerate oocytes were commonly found within these cysts, indicating a defect in embryo transit. Beads transferred into the mutant oviduct failed to …

Il-9 As A Mediator Of Th17-Driven Inflammatory Disease, Elizabeth C. Nowak, Casey T. Weaver, Henrietta Turner, Sakhina Begum-Haque, Burkhard Becher, Bettina Schreiner, Anthony J. Coyle, Lloyd H. Kasper, Randolph J. Noelle

Dartmouth Scholarship

We report that like other T cells cultured in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta, Th17 cells also produce interleukin (IL) 9. Th17 cells generated in vitro with IL-6 and TGF-beta as well as purified ex vivo Th17 cells both produced IL-9. To determine if IL-9 has functional consequences in Th17-mediated inflammatory disease, we evaluated the role of IL-9 in the development and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. The data show that IL-9 neutralization and IL-9 receptor deficiency attenuates disease, and this correlates with decreases in Th17 cells and IL-6-producing macrophages in …

Identifying Sleep Regulatory Genes Using A Drosophila Model Of Insomnia, Laurent Seugnet, Yasuko Suzuki, Matthew S. Thimgan, Jeffrey Donlea, Sarah I. Gimbel, Laura Gottschalk, Stephen P. Duntley, Paul J. Shaw

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Although it is widely accepted that sleep must serve an essential biological function, little is known about molecules that underlie sleep regulation. Given that insomnia is a common sleep disorder that disrupts the ability to initiate and maintain restorative sleep, a better understanding of its molecular underpinning may provide crucial insights into sleep regulatory processes. Thus, we created a line of flies using laboratory selection that share traits with human insomnia. After 60 generations, insomnia-like (ins-l) flies sleep 60 min a day, exhibit difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and show evidence of daytime cognitive impairment. ins-l flies …

Cancer Information-Seeking Experiences: The Implications Of Hispanic Ethnicity And Spanish Language, Robin C. Vanderpool, Julie Kornfeld, Lila Finney Rutten, Linda Squiers

Health, Behavior & Society Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Strategies to support cancer information-seeking among Hispanics are needed.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) to explore cancer information-seeking experiences among respondents according to ethnicity and language of interview.

RESULTS: Over 80% of Spanish-speaking Hispanics had never looked for cancer information. Compared to English-speaking respondents, Spanish-speaking Hispanics who sought cancer information indicated their search took a lot of effort (67%), was hard to understand (54%), and frustrating (42%). Spanish-speaking Hispanics noted minimal confidence in obtaining cancer information.

CONCLUSIONS: Language and cultural differences must be considered in the design, implementation, and dissemination of …

A Radiographic Study On The Visualization Of The Anterior Loop In Dentate Subjects Of Different Age Groups, Wei Cheong Ngeow, D.D. Dionysius, H. Ishak, P. Nambiar

Research Publications (2006 to 2010)

The anterior loop is defined as where the mental neurovascular bundle crosses anterior to the mental foramen then doubles back to exit the mental foramen. It cannot be seen clinically but can be detected in 11-60 of panoramic radiographs. As this anatomical structure is important in determining the placement position of endosseous implants in the mandibular premolar region, a pilot study was undertaken to determine its visibility on dental panoramic radiographs in dentate subjects of various age groups. One or more anterior loops were visible in 39 (40.2) radiographs encompassing 66 sites (34.4). Interestingly, anterior loops were most commonly observed …

It Is More Than Just A Reproductive Healthcare Visit: Experiences From An Adolescent Medicine Clinic, Marlene B. Huff, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Heather A. Brown, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The gynecologist may be the only physician that an adolescent depends on for primary and reproductive healthcare services. Because adolescent females often make personal healthcare decisions without the benefit of supportive parents/caregivers, it is imperative that the gynecologist understands the developmental issues encountered during this phase of life. The objective of this study is to identify cited complaints of adolescent females seeking reproductive care and, thus, provide gynecologists with needed information about the medical/mental health issues that may be encountered during routine reproductive care exams. The study group was adolescent females between the ages of 12 and 20 years old. …

Memory Functioning In Developmental Dyslexia: An Analysis Using Two Clinical Memory Measures., Michelle Y. Kibby

Publications

The goals of this project were threefold: to determine the nature of the memory deficit in children/adolescents with dyslexia, to utilize clinical memory measures in this endeavor, and to determine the extent to which semantic short-term memory (STM) is related to basic reading performance. Two studies were conducted using different samples, one incorporating the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning and the other incorporating the California Verbal Learning Test-Children's Version. Results suggest that phonological STM is deficient in children with dyslexia, but semantic STM and visual-spatial STM are intact. Long-term memory (LTM) for both visual and verbal material also …

Human Cerebral Neuropathology Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Peter T. Nelson, Charles D. Smith, Erin L. Abner, Frederick A. Schmitt, Stephen W. Scheff, Gregory J. Davis, Jeffrey N. Keller, Gregory A. Jicha, Daron Davis, Wang-Xia Wang, Adria Hartman, Douglas G. Katz, William R. Markesbery

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

The cerebral neuropathology of Type 2 diabetes (CNDM2) has not been positively defined. This review includes a description of CNDM2 research from before the ‘Pubmed Era’. Recent neuroimaging studies have focused on cerebrovascular and white matter pathology. These and prior studies about cerebrovascular histopathology in diabetes are reviewed. Evidence is also described for and against the link between CNDM2 and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. To study this matter directly, we evaluated data from University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center (UK ADC) patients recruited while non-demented and followed longitudinally. Of patients who had come to autopsy (N = 234), 139 met …

State Infant Mortality: An Ecologic Study To Determine Modifiable Risks And Adjusted Infant Mortality Rates., David A. Paul. Md, Amy Mackley, Rnc, Robert G. Locke, Do, John L. Stefano, Md, Charlan Kroelinger, Phd

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To determine factors contributing to state infant mortality rates (IMR) and develop an adjusted IMR in the United States for 2001 and 2002. DESIGN/METHODS: Ecologic study of factors contributing to state IMR. State IMR for 2001 and 2002 were obtained from the United States linked death and birth certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Factors investigated using multivariable linear regression included state racial demographics, ethnicity, state population, median income, education, teen birth rate, proportion of obesity, smoking during pregnancy, diabetes, hypertension, cesarean delivery, prenatal care, health insurance, self-report of mental illness, and number of in-vitro fertilization …

Genome Based Cell Population Heterogeneity Promotes Tumorigenicity: The Evolutionary Mechanism Of Cancer., Christine J. Ye, Joshua B. Stevens, Guo Liu, Steven W. Bremer, Aruna S. Jaiswal, Karen J. Ye, Ming-Fong Lin, Lesley Lawrenson, Wayne D. Lancaster, Markku Kurkinen, Joshua D. Liao, C. Gary Gairola, Malathy P. V. Shekhar, Satya Narayan, Fred R. Miller, Henry H. Q. Heng

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cancer progression represents an evolutionary process where overall genome level changes reflect system instability and serve as a driving force for evolving new systems. To illustrate this principle it must be demonstrated that karyotypic heterogeneity (population diversity) directly contributes to tumorigenicity. Five well characterized in vitro tumor progression models representing various types of cancers were selected for such an analysis. The tumorigenicity of each model has been linked to different molecular pathways, and there is no common molecular mechanism shared among them. According to our hypothesis that genome level heterogeneity is a key to cancer evolution, we expect to reveal …

Microsaccade Rate Varies With Subjective Visibility During Motion-Induced Blindness, Po-Jang Hsieh, Peter U. Tse

Dartmouth Scholarship

Motion-induced blindness (MIB) occurs when a dot embedded in a motion field subjectively vanishes. Here we report the first psychophysical data concerning effects of microsaccade/eyeblink rate upon perceptual switches during MIB. We find that the rate of microsaccades/eyeblink rises before and after perceptual transitions from not seeing to seeing the dot, and decreases before perceptual transitions from seeing it to not seeing it. In addition, event-related fMRI data reveal that, when a dot subjectively reappears during MIB, the blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal increases in V1v and V2v and decreases in contralateral hMT+. These BOLD signal changes observed upon perceptual …

The Relationship Between Cerebral Hemisphere Volume And Receptive Language Functioning In Dyslexia And Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd)., Michelle Y. Kibby, Shital P. Pavawalla, Jill B. Fancher, Angela J. Naillon, George W. Hynd

Publications

Because poor comprehension has been associated with small cerebral volume and there is a high comorbidity between developmental dyslexia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and specific language impairment, the goal of this study was to determine whether cerebral volume is reduced in dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in general, as some suggest, or whether the reduction in volume corresponds to poor receptive language functioning, regardless of the diagnosis. Participants included 46 children with and without dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, aged 8 to 12 years. Our results indicated that cerebral volume was comparable between those with and without dyslexia and attention-deficit …

Voices Raised, Issue 24, University Of Dayton. Women's Center

Women’s Center Newsletter

Included in this issue: First Female Endowed Chair of A&S; Lessons Learned; Creating a Culture of Respect; Administrative Professionals Week; Annual Miryam Award Winners; The Importance of Taking Time for Yourself; Equal Pay Day; Undercurrents of sexist and anti-feminist thought at UD.

Laparoscopic Treatment Of Pancreatic Pseudocysts In Children., Suzanne M. Yoder, Steven Rothenberg, Kuojen Tsao, Mark L. Wulkan, Todd A. Ponsky, Shawn D. St Peter, Daniel J. Ostlie, Timothy D. Kane

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic pseudocysts are problematic sequelae of pancreatitis or pancreatic trauma causing persistent abdominal pain, nausea, and gastric outlet obstruction. Due to the low volume of disease in children, there is scant information in the literature on the operative management of pseudocysts with minimally invasive techniques. We conducted a multi-institutional review to illustrate several technical variations utilized in achieving laparoscopic cystgastrostomy in the pediatric population.

METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of all patients who underwent laparoscopic cystgastrostomy in five institutions. Patient data, operative techniques, and postoperative course were analyzed.

RESULTS: There were 13 patients with a mean age of …

The Significance Of Gata3 Expression In Breast Cancer: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study., Vincenzo Ciocca, Constantine Daskalakis, Robin M. Ciocca, Alejandra Ruiz-Orrico, Juan P. Palazzo

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

GATA3 is a transcription factor closely associated with estrogen receptor alpha in breast carcinoma, with a potential prognostic utility. This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of GATA3 in estrogen receptor alpha-positive and estrogen receptor alpha-negative breast carcinomas. One hundred sixty-six cases of invasive breast carcinomas with 10-year follow-up information were analyzed. Positive GATA3 and estrogen receptor alpha cases were defined as greater than 20% of cells staining. Time to cancer recurrence and time to death were analyzed with survival methods. Of 166 patients, 40 were estrogen receptor alpha negative and 121 estrogen receptor alpha positive. Thirty-eight (23%) recurrences and 51 …

Bias For Consonantal Information Over Vocalic Information In 30-Month-Olds: Cross-Linguistic Evidence From French And English., Thierry Nazzi, Caroline Floccia, Bérangère Moquet, Joseph Butler

School of Psychology

Using a name-based categorization task, Nazzi found in 2005 that French-learning 20-month-olds can make use of one-feature consonantal contrasts between new labels but fail to do so with one-feature vocalic contrasts. This asymmetry was interpreted as developmental evidence for the proposal that consonants play a more important role than vowels at the lexical level. In the current study using the same task, we first show that by 30 months French-learning infants can make use of one-feature vocalic contrasts (e.g., /pize/-/pyze/). Second, we show that in a situation where infants must neglect either a consonantal one-feature change or a vocalic one-feature …

Comorbidities, Patient Knowledge, And Disease Management In A National Sample Of Patients With Copd, R Graham Barr, Bartolome R Celli, David M Mannino, Thomas Petty, Stephen I Rennard, Frank C Sciurba, James K Stoller, Byron M Thomashow, Gerard M Turino

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States but is often undertreated. COPD often overlaps with other conditions such as hypertension and osteoporosis, which are less morbid but may be treated more aggressively. We evaluated the prevalence of these comorbid conditions and compared testing, patient knowledge, and management in a national sample of patients with COPD.

METHODS: A survey was administered by telephone in 2006 to 1003 patients with COPD to evaluate the prevalence of comorbid conditions, diagnostic testing, knowledge, and management using standardized instruments. The completion rate was 87%.

RESULTS: …

Laparoscopic Duodenojejunostomy For Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome., Jason D. Fraser, Shawn D. St Peter, Jenevieve H. Hughes, James M. Swain

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, also called Wilkie's syndrome, is a rare clinical phenomenon believed to be caused by compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the overlying superior mesenteric artery. We present the case of a 32-year-old female who presented with epigastric pain, weight loss, and vomiting.

METHODS: Her workup included a normal upper endoscopy as well as an abdominal CT scan and upper GI contrast study that confirmed the diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The patient was taken to the operating room and underwent successful treatment with laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy.

RESULTS: The patient achieved complete …

Life Expectancy And Years Of Life Lost In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Findings From The Nhanes Iii Follow-Up Study, Robert M. Shavelle, David R. Paculdo, Scott J. Kush, David M. Mannino, David J. Strauss

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

RATIONALE: Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes increased mortality in the general population. But life expectancy and the years of life lost have not been reported.

OBJECTIVES: To quantify mortality, examine how it varies with age, sex, and other risk factors, and determine how life expectancy is affected.

METHODS: We constructed mortality models using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, adjusting for age, sex, race, and major medical conditions. We used these to compute life expectancy and the years of life lost.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pulmonary function testing classified patients as having …

Trends In Mental Health Of An Adolescent Medicine Clinic Patient Population, Abdel Salous, Linah Al-Alem, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The correlation between exposure to forms of violence and development of mental disorders in victims is well established. The purpose of this paper was to identify mental health problems in an adolescent medicine clinic population in Lexington, KY and to investigate potential correlation of mental disorders with psychosocial factors. Data were gathered from the charts of 169 adolescent clinic patients (age 10-22) seen in the clinic for mental health care and analyzed using Excel. Of the patient population, 68% were urban, whereas 32% were rural. In terms of gender, 40% of the patients were male and 60% were female, 80% …

Discovering The Complexities Of Adolescent Compliance To Treatment, Megan Song, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

To explore the challenges faced in enhancing adolescent treatment compliance and to understand the roles of key players in this endeavor: the adolescent, parent and healthcare provider. Obtaining compliance from adolescents requires collaboration from the adolescent, caregiver and provider and depends on well-established relationships between each person in the triad: adolescent-provider, adolescent-caregiver, and caregiver-provider. Ensuring and improving adherence to treatment by adolescents is a challenging task but crucial to overall health outcomes. It requires the collaboration of the adolescent, parent and physician to create the optimal treatment plan, specifically tailored to the adolescent. For the clinician, maintaining good communication and …