Digital Commons Network^™

Exercise Training Reduces The Inflammatory Response And Promotes Intestinal Mucosa-Associated Immunity In Lynch Syndrome, Nan Deng, Laura Reyes-Uribe, Johannes F Fahrmann, Whittney S Thoman, Mark F Munsell, Jennifer B Dennison, Eunice Murage, Ranran Wu, Ernest T Hawk, Selvi Thirumurthi, Patrick M Lynch, Christina M Dieli-Conwright, Alexander J Lazar, Sonali Jindal, Khoi Chu, Manoj Chelvanambi, Karen Basen-Engquist, Yisheng Li, Jennifer A Wargo, Florencia Mcallister, James P Allison, Padmanee Sharma, Krishna M Sinha, Samir Hanash, Susan C Gilchrist, Eduardo Vilar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary condition with a high lifetime risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Exercise is a non-pharmacologic intervention to reduce cancer risk, though its impact on patients with LS has not been prospectively studied. Here, we evaluated the impact of a 12-month aerobic exercise cycling intervention in the biology of the immune system in LS carriers.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: To address this, we enrolled 21 patients with LS onto a non-randomized, sequential intervention assignation, clinical trial to assess the effect of a 12-month exercise program that included cycling classes 3 times weekly for 45 minutes …

Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis Investigating Links Between Unprocessed Red Meat Intake And Markers Of Inflammation, Alexis C Wood, Goncalo Graca, Meghana Gadgil, Mackenzie K Senn, Matthew A Allison, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Philip Greenland, Timothy Ebbels, Paul Elliott, Mark O Goodarzi, Russell Tracy, Jerome I Rotter, David Herrington

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Whether red meat consumption is associated with higher inflammation or confounded by increased adiposity remains unclear. Plasma metabolites capture the effects of diet after food is processed, digested, and absorbed, and correlate with markers of inflammation, so they can help clarify diet-health relationships.

OBJECTIVE: To identify whether any metabolites associated with red meat intake are also associated with inflammation.

METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of observational data from older adults (52.84% women, mean age 63 ± 0.3 y) participating in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Dietary intake was assessed by food-frequency questionnaire, alongside C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-2, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, …

Breastfeeding And Risk Of Childhood Brain Tumors: A Report From The Childhood Cancer And Leukemia International Consortium, Jeremy M Schraw, Eleni Th Petridou, Audrey Bonaventure, John D Dockerty, Maria Karalexi, Evangelia Ntzani, Claire Infante-Rivard, Jacqueline Clavel, Paige M Bracci, Roberta Mckean-Cowdin, Eve Roman, Eleanor Kane, Friederike Erdmann, Joachim Schüz, Beth A Mueller, Michael E Scheurer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: Studies report mixed findings regarding the association of breastfeeding with childhood brain tumors (CBT), the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in young people. Our objective was to determine whether breastfeeding is associated with CBT incidence.

Methods: We pooled data on N = 2610 cases with CBT (including 697 cases with astrocytoma, 447 cases with medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor [PNET], 167 cases with ependymoma) and N = 8128 age- and sex-matched controls in the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium. We computed unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CBT, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma/PNET, …

Elevated Blood Pressure Accelerates White Matter Brain Aging Among Late Middle-Aged Women: A Mendelian Randomization Study In The Uk Biobank, Li Feng, Zhenyao Ye, Chen Mo, Jingtao Wang, Song Liu, Si Gao, Hongjie Ke, Travis A Canida, Yezhi Pan, Marleen M J Van Greevenbroek, Alfons J H M Houben, Kai Wang, Kathryn S Hatch, Yizhou Ma, David K Y Lei, Chixiang Chen, Braxton D Mitchell, L Elliot Hong, Peter Kochunov, Shuo Chen, Tianzhou Ma

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a modifiable risk factor associated with cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the causal effect of BP on white matter brain aging remains unclear.

METHODS: In this study, we focused on N  = 228 473 individuals of European ancestry who had genotype data and clinical BP measurements available (103 929 men and 124 544 women, mean age = 56.49, including 16 901 participants with neuroimaging data available) collected from UK Biobank (UKB). We first established a machine learning model to compute the outcome variable brain age gap (BAG) based on white matter microstructure integrity …

Pancreatic Replacement Therapy For Maladaptive Behaviors In Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Deborah A Pearson, Robert L Hendren, Matthew F Heil, William R Mcintyre, Shane R Raines

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: There is an urgent unmet need for a treatment addressing the core symptoms and associated maladaptive symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially in preschool populations.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether treatment of children with ASD aged 3 to 6 years treated with high-protease pancreatic therapy produces long- and short-term improvements in autism-associated maladaptive behaviors.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study at 32 sites across the US used a double-blind parallel group, delayed-start design comprising a 2-week blinded placebo run-in, and a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled segment (12 weeks). Children were recruited into the study in 2015, with data collection …

Ascertainment Of Minimal Clinically Important Differences In The Diabetes Distress Scale-17: A Secondary Analysis Of A Randomized Clinical Trial, Jack Banks, Amber B Amspoker, Elizabeth M Vaughan, Lechauncy Woodard, Aanand D Naik

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: The Diabetes Distress Scale-17 (DDS-17) is a common measure of diabetes distress. Despite its popularity, there are no agreed-on minimal clinically important difference (MCID) values for the DDS-17.

OBJECTIVE: to establish a distribution-based metric for MCID in the DDS-17 and its 4 subscale scores (interpersonal distress, physician distress, regimen distress, and emotional distress).

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial used baseline and postintervention data from a hybrid (implementation-effectiveness) trial evaluating Empowering Patients in Chronic Care (EPICC) vs an enhanced form of usual care (EUC). Participants included adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (glycated …

Obesity Dominates Early Effects On Cardiac Structure And Arterial Stiffness In People With Type 2 Diabetes, Layla A Abushamat, Daniel Enge, Takashi Fujiwara, Michal Schäfer, Ethan W Clark, Erin K Englund, Rebecca L Scalzo, Aspen Johnston, Deirdre Rafferty, Irene E Schauer, Mary O Whipple, Kendall Hunter, Amy G Huebschmann, Kristen J Nadeau, Kelly Jarvis, Alex J Barker, Judith G Regensteiner, Jane E B Reusch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are global epidemics leading to excess cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigates standard and novel cardiac MRI parameters to detect subclinical cardiac and central vascular dysfunction in inactive people with and without T2D.

METHODS: Physically inactive age and BMI-similar premenopausal women and men with ( n  = 22) and without [ n  = 34, controls with overweight/obesity (CWO)] uncomplicated T2D were compared to an age-similar and sex-similar reference control cohort ( n  = 20). Left ventricular (LV) structure, function, and aortic stiffness were assessed by MRI. Global arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) was …

Dietary Habits, Meal Timing, And Meal Frequency In Kuwaiti Adults: Analysis Of The Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance Data, Fatema Alkhulaifi, Suad Al-Hooti, Sameer Al-Zenki, Husam Alomirah, Charles Darkoh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Dietary habits, including meal frequency, meal timing, and skipping meals, have been extensively studied due to their association with the development of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This study describes dietary habits, meal timing, frequency, skipping meals, and late-night eating in Kuwaiti adults. Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance System data were utilized to reach the objectives of this study. The findings reveal that approximately 54% of the adults in Kuwait eat after 10 p.m., 29% skip breakfast, and 9.8% skip dinner. Furthermore, adults in Kuwait consume 4.4 meals per day on average. Women skip breakfast more often and have more extended night fasting …

Infants Exposed In Utero To Hurricane Maria Have Gut Microbiomes With Reduced Diversity And Altered Metabolic Capacity, Ai Zhang, David De Ángel Solá, Midnela Acevedo Flores, Lijuan Cao, Leran Wang, Josh G Kim, Phillip I Tarr, Barbara B Warner, Nicolás Rosario Matos, Leyao Wang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The gut microbiome is a potentially important mechanism that links prenatal disaster exposures with increased disease risks. However, whether prenatal disaster exposures are associated with alterations in the infant's gut microbiome remains unknown. We established a birth cohort study named Hurricane as the Origin of Later Alterations in Microbiome (HOLA) after Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico in 2017. We enrolled vaginally born Latino term infants aged 2 to 6 months, including

Early Resveratrol Treatment Mitigates Joint Degeneration And Dampens Pain In A Mouse Model Of Pseudoachondroplasia (Psach), Jacqueline T Hecht, Alka C Veerisetty, Debabrata Patra, Mohammad G Hossain, Frankie Chiu, Claire Mobed, Francis H Gannon, Karen L Posey

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH), a severe dwarfing condition associated with early-onset joint degeneration and lifelong joint pain, is caused by mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). The mechanisms underlying the mutant-COMP pathology have been defined using the MT-COMP mouse model of PSACH that has the common D469del mutation. Mutant-COMP protein does not fold properly, and it is retained in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of chondrocytes rather than being exported to the extracellular matrix (ECM), driving ER stress that stimulates oxidative stress and inflammation, driving a self-perpetuating cycle. CHOP (ER stress signaling protein) and TNFα inflammation drive high levels of mTORC1 …

U.S. Adolescent Rest-Activity Patterns: Insights From Functional Principal Component Analysis (Nhanes 2011–2014), Chris Ho Ching Yeung, Jiachen Lu, Erica G Soltero, Cici Bauer, Qian Xiao

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Suboptimal rest-activity patterns in adolescence are associated with worse health outcomes in adulthood. Understanding sociodemographic factors associated with rest-activity rhythms may help identify subgroups who may benefit from interventions. This study aimed to investigate the association of rest-activity rhythm with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in adolescents.

Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 adolescents (N = 1814), this study derived rest-activity profiles from 7-day 24-hour accelerometer data using functional principal component analysis. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between participant characteristics and rest-activity profiles. Weekday and weekend …

Us Adolescent Rest-Activity Patterns: Insights From Functional Principal Component Analysis (Nhanes 2011-2014), Chris Ho Ching Yeung, Jiachen Lu, Erica G Soltero, Cici Bauer, Qian Xiao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Suboptimal rest-activity patterns in adolescence are associated with worse health outcomes in adulthood. Understanding sociodemographic factors associated with rest-activity rhythms may help identify subgroups who may benefit from interventions. This study aimed to investigate the association of rest-activity rhythm with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in adolescents.

METHODS: Using cross-sectional data from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 adolescents (N = 1814), this study derived rest-activity profiles from 7-day 24-hour accelerometer data using functional principal component analysis. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between participant characteristics and rest-activity profiles. Weekday and weekend …

Sex Differences In Cholesterol And Triglyceride Levels Among Hospitalized Adolescents And Young Adults With Eating Disorders, Jason M. Nagata, Anita V. Chaphekar, Ruben Vargas, Anthony Nguyen, Amanda E. Downey, Khushi P. Patel, Kyle T. Ganson, Elena Stuart, Siena Vendlinski, Sara M. Buckelew, Andrea K. Garber

Publications

OBJECTIVE: To determine sex differences in cholesterol and triglyceride levels among adolescents and young adults hospitalized for medical complications of eating disorders. METHODS: A retrospective electronic medical record review of patients aged 9-25 years admitted to the University of California, San Francisco Eating Disorders Program for medical stabilization, between 2012 and 2020, was conducted. Non-fasting total cholesterol and triglycerides were collected; however, LDL and HDL levels were not available. RESULTS: Among 83 males and 441 females, mean ± SD age was 15.5 ± 2.8 years, 64.1% had anorexia nervosa, and admission percent median body mass index was 87.3 ± 13.9. …

Global Effect Of Modifiable Risk Factors On Cardiovascular Disease And Mortality, Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium, Christina Magnussen, Francisco M Ojeda, Darryl P Leong, Jesus Alegre-Diaz, Philippe Amouyel, Larissa Aviles-Santa, Dirk De Bacquer, Christie M Ballantyne, Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz, Martin Bobak, Hermann Brenner, Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco, James De Lemos, Annette Dobson, Marcus Dörr, Chiara Donfrancesco, Wojciech Drygas, Robin P Dullaart, Gunnar Engström, Marco M Ferrario, Jean Ferrières, Giovanni De Gaetano, Uri Goldbourt, Clicerio Gonzalez, Guido Grassi, Allison M Hodge, Kristian Hveem, Licia Iacoviello, M Kamran Ikram, Vilma Irazola, Modou Jobe, Pekka Jousilahti, Pontiano Kaleebu, Maryam Kavousi, Frank Kee, Davood Khalili, Wolfgang Koenig, Anna Kontsevaya, Kari Kuulasmaa, Karl J Lackner, David M Leistner, Lars Lind, Allan Linneberg, Thiess Lorenz, Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken, Reza Malekzadeh, Sofia Malyutina, Ellisiv B Mathiesen, Olle Melander, Andres Metspalu, J Jaime Miranda, Marie Moitry, Joseph Mugisha, Mahdi Nalini, Vijay Nambi, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Karen Oppermann, Eleonora D'Orsi, Andrzej Pająk, Luigi Palmieri, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Annette Peters, Hossein Poustchi, Andrew M Prentice, Eva Prescott, Ulf Risérus, Veikko Salomaa, Susana Sans, Satoko Sakata, Ben Schöttker, Aletta E Schutte, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Jonathan E Shaw, Leon A Simons, Stefan Söderberg, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Barbara Thorand, Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe, Raphael Twerenbold, Diego Vanuzzo, Giovanni Veronesi, Julia Waibel, S Goya Wannamethee, Masafumi Watanabe, Philipp S Wild, Yao Yao, Yi Zeng, Andreas Ziegler, Stefan Blankenberg

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Five modifiable risk factors are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. The regional and sex-specific prevalence of these modifiable risk factors and their impact on CVD and all-cause mortality have not been evaluated using individual-level data.

METHODS: The Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium harmonized individual-level data from 112 cohort studies conducted in 34 countries and 8 geographic regions. Associations between body-mass index, systolic blood pressure, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes with incident CVD and all-cause mortality were examined using Cox regression analyses and stratified by geographic region, age and sex. Population-attributable fractions were estimated for 10-year incident …

Endocrine Therapy Synergizes With Smac Mimetics To Potentiate Antigen Presentation And Tumor Regression In Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer, Francisco Hermida-Prado, Yingtian Xie, Shira Sherman, Zsuzsanna Nagy, Douglas Russo, Tara Akhshi, Zhengtao Chu, Avery Feit, Marco Campisi, Minyue Chen, Agostina Nardone, Cristina Guarducci, Klothilda Lim, Alba Font-Tello, Irene Lee, Juana García-Pedrero, Israel Cañadas, Judith Agudo, Ying Huang, Tal Sella, Qingchun Jin, Nabihah Tayob, Elizabeth A Mittendorf, Sara M Tolaney, Xintao Qiu, Henry Long, William F Symmans, Jia-Ren Lin, Sandro Santagata, Isabelle Bedrosian, Denise A Yardley, Ingrid A Mayer, Edward T Richardson, Giacomo Oliveira, Catherine J Wu, Eugene F Schuster, Mitch Dowsett, Alana L Welm, David Barbie, Otto Metzger, Rinath Jeselsohn

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Immunotherapies have yet to demonstrate significant efficacy in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. Given that endocrine therapy (ET) is the primary approach for treating HR+ breast cancer, we investigated the effects of ET on the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in HR+ breast cancer. Spatial proteomics of primary HR+ breast cancer samples obtained at baseline and after ET from patients enrolled in a neoadjuvant clinical trial (NCT02764541) indicated that ET upregulated β2-microglobulin and influenced the TME in a manner that promotes enhanced immunogenicity. To gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms, the intrinsic effects of …

Multilevel Community Engagement To Inform A Randomized Clinical Trial, Kirby L. Wycoff, Jabina G. Coleman, Christine M. Santoro, Leah L. Zullig, Niesha Darden, Porsche M. Holland, Jane F. Cruice, Shukriyyah Mitchell, Michelle Smith, Saleemah J. Mcneil, Sharon J. Herring

Counseling and Behavioral Health Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To explore how patients, community-based perinatal support professionals, and health system clinicians and staff perceived facilitators and barriers to implementation of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) designed to optimize Black maternal heart health.

METHODS: This article describes the formative work that we believed needed to occur before the start of the Change of H.E.A.R.T (Here for Equity, Advocacy, Reflection and Transformation) RCT. We used a qualitative, descriptive design and community-based, participatory approach, the latter of which allowed our team to intentionally focus on avoiding harm and equalizing power dynamics throughout the research process. Data were collected between November 2021 …

Risks Of Being A Female Athlete: Prevalence Of The Female Athlete Triad And Awareness Of It By The Athletic And Student Population, Mary M. Wilson

Honors Theses

The Female Athlete Triad is an interrelationship between energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and bone health. It effects many female athletes, specifically those that participate in lean physique sports. This condition can cause many issues with one of the most common being time loss injuries from bone stress issues. Athletes and athletic support staff have limited knowledge over the Triad, partially because of limited policies and procedures in place to treat and educate for it. This thesis will conduct a literature review to better understand prevalence and general knowledge of the Female Athlete Triad in athletic populations and to assess the …

A Retrospective Review Of Social Deprivation Index And Maternal Outcomes With Placenta Accreta Spectrum From A Single Referral Center, Alison N Goulding, Karin A Fox, Christina C Reed, Bahram Salmanian, Alireza A Shamshirsaz, Kjersti M Aagaard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective

Little is known about how community characteristics influence placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) outcomes. Our objective was to evaluate whether adverse maternal outcomes among pregnant people (gravidae) with PAS delivering at a single referral center differ by community-level measures of social deprivation.

Study Design

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of singleton gravidae with histopathology confirmed PAS delivering from January 2011 to June 2021 at a referral center. Data abstraction collected relevant patient information, including resident zip code, which was linked to Social Deprivation Index (SDI) score (a measure of area-level social deprivation). SDI scores were divided into quartiles for …

Associations Between Metabolomic Biomarkers Of Avocado Intake And Glycemia In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Alexis C Wood, Mark O Goodarzi, Mackenzie K Senn, Meghana D Gadgil, Goncalo Graca, Matthew A Allison, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Michael Y Mi, Philip Greenland, Timothy Ebbels, Paul Elliott, Russell P Tracy, David M Herrington, Jerome I Rotter

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Avocado consumption is linked to better glucose homeostasis, but small associations suggest potential population heterogeneity. Metabolomic data capture the effects of food intake after digestion and metabolism, thus accounting for individual differences in these processes.

OBJECTIVES: To identify metabolomic biomarkers of avocado intake and to examine their associations with glycemia.

METHODS: Baseline data from 6224 multi-ethnic older adults (62% female) included self-reported avocado intake, fasting glucose and insulin, and untargeted plasma proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic features (metabolomic data were available for a randomly selected subset; N = 3438). Subsequently, incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) was assessed over an …

Diabetes Risk During Pregnancy Among Second-Generation Immigrants: A National Cohort Study In Sweden, Per Wändell, Xinjun Li, Nouha Saleh Stattin, Axel C Carlsson, Jan Sundquist, Casey Crump, Kristina Sundquist

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gestational diabetes is more common in many first-generation immigrant women in Europe and other Western countries. Less is known about second-generation immigrant women; such knowledge is needed to understand generational influences on diabetes risk. We aimed to study second-generation immigrant women regarding the presence of all types of diabetes during pregnancy.

METHODS AND RESULTS: A cohort study was conducted using the Swedish National Birth Register, the National Patient Register, and the total Population Register. We used Cox regression analysis to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 99% confidence intervals (99% CI) for any diabetes during pregnancy and specific …

Suspected Bronchiectasis And Mortality In Adults With A History Of Smoking Who Have Normal And Impaired Lung Function : A Cohort Study, Alejandro A Diaz, Wei Wang, Jose L Orejas, Rim Elalami, Wojciech R Dolliver, Pietro Nardelli, Ruben San José Estépar, Bina Choi, Carrie L Pistenmaa, James C Ross, Diego J Maselli, Andrew Yen, Kendra A Young, Gregory L Kinney, Michael H Cho, Raul San José Estépar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Bronchiectasis in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with greater mortality. However, whether suspected bronchiectasis-defined as incidental bronchiectasis on computed tomography (CT) images plus clinical manifestation-is associated with increased mortality in adults with a history of smoking with normal spirometry and preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is unknown.

Objective: To determine the association between suspected bronchiectasis and mortality in adults with normal spirometry, PRISm, and obstructive spirometry.

Design: Prospective, observational cohort.

Setting: The COPDGene (Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) study.

Participants: 7662 non-Hispanic Black or White adults, aged 45 to 80 years, with 10 …

Baseline Psychosocial, Environmental, Health, And Behavioral Correlates Of 1- And 3-Year Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery, Ming Ji, Sonya L Negriff, Jeff M Slezak, Brianna L Taylor, Silvia R Paz, Bhumi B Bhakta, Mayra Macias, David E Arterburn, Cecelia L Crawford, Adam Drewnowski, Kristina H Lewis, Darren D Moore, Sameer B Murali, Deborah R Young, Karen J Coleman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Weight loss surgery is an effective, long-term treatment for severe obesity but individual response to surgery varies widely. The purpose of this study was to test a comprehensive theoretical model of factors that may be correlated with the greatest surgical weight loss at 1-3 years following surgery. Such a model would help determine what predictive factors to measure when patients are preparing for surgery that may ensure the best weight outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG) study collected self-reported and medical record-based baseline information as correlates of 1- and 3-year % total weight loss (TWL) …

Bioimpedance Analysis Predicts The Etiology Of Cirrhosis In A Prospective Cohort Study, Hashem B El-Serag, Ghida Akhdar, Aaron P Thrift, Michelle Luster, Saira Khaderi, Abeer Alsarraj, Hao Duong, Fasiha Kanwal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing cirrhosis. However, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) may not be indicative of body composition parameters that predispose to cirrhosis. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is a noninvasive cost-efficient method for more detailed estimation of body composition.

METHODS: We examined patients with cirrhosis who underwent BIA as part of enrollment into a prospective cohort study. We examined the correlation between BIA variables, BMI, and WHR. We performed sex-adjusted and race-adjusted and race-specific multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the association between anthropometric variables and risk factors [NAFLD, alcohol-associated liver disease …

Can The Date Of Last Menstrual Period Be Trusted In The First Trimester? Comparisons Of Gestational Age Measures From A Prospective Cohort Study In Six Low-Income To Middle-Income Countries, Archana Patel, Carla M. Bann, Vanessa R. Thorsten, Sowmya R. Rao, Adrien Lokangaka, Antoinette Tshefu Kitoto, Melissa Bauserman, Lester Figueroa, Nancy F. Krebs, Fabian Esamai, Sherri Bucher, Sarah Saleem, Robert L. Goldenberg, Elwyn Chomba, Waldemar A. Carlo, Shivaprasad Goudar, Richard Derman, Marion Koso-Thomas, Elizabeth Mcclure, Patricia L. Hibberd

Global Health Articles

OBJECTIVES: We examined gestational age (GA) estimates for live and still births, and prematurity rates based on last menstrual period (LMP) compared with ultrasonography (USG) among pregnant women at seven sites in six low-resource countries.

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This study included data from the Global Network's population-based Maternal and Newborn Health Registry which follows pregnant women in six low-income and middle-income countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Pakistan and Zambia). Participants in this analysis were 42 803 women, including their 43 230 babies, who registered for the study in their first trimester based …

Association Between Alcohol Consumption And Ectopic Fat In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Richard Kazibwe, Parag A Chevli, Joni K Evans, Matthew Allison, Erin D Michos, Alexis C Wood, Jingzhong Ding, Michael D Shapiro, Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background The relationship between alcohol consumption and ectopic fat distribution, both known factors for cardiovascular disease, remains understudied. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between alcohol consumption and ectopic adiposity in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results In this cross-sectional analysis, we categorized alcohol intake among participants in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) as follows (drinks/day): <1 >(light drinking), 1 to 2 (moderate drinking), >2 (heavy drinking), former drinking, and lifetime abstention. Binge drinking was defined as consuming ≥5 drinks on 1 occasion in the past month. Visceral, subcutaneous, and intermuscular fat area, pericardial fat volume, and …

Protocol For Expression Of Murine Milk Using Modified Human Breast Pump Parts, Cydney Meyer, Joseph L Alcorn

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Understanding the nutritional and immunomodulatory components of breast milk is crucial to developing novel mechanisms to optimize neonatal health. Here, we present a protocol to express and isolate murine milk in sufficient quantities for further analysis of components and bioactivity. We describe steps for separating dams from pups, administering intraperitoneal anesthetic and oxytocin, and expressing milk using a minimally modified and readily available commercial breast pump parts. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Meyer et al. (2022).

State Public Assistance Spending And Survival Among Adults With Cancer, Justin M Barnes, Kenton J Johnston, Kimberly J Johnson, Fumiko Chino, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Social determinants of health contribute to disparities in cancer outcomes. State public assistance spending, including Medicaid and cash assistance programs for socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, may improve access to care; address barriers, such as food and housing insecurity; and lead to improved cancer outcomes for marginalized populations.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether state-level public assistance spending is associated with overall survival (OS) among individuals with cancer, overall and by race and ethnicity.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included US adults aged at least 18 years with a new cancer diagnosis from 2007 to 2013, with follow-up through 2019. Data …

Mesenchymal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Microglia-Mediated Synapse Remodeling After Cortical Injury In Aging Rhesus Monkeys, Yuxin Zhou, Hrishti Bhatt, Chromewell A. Mojica, Hongqi Xin, Monica A. Pessina, Douglas L. Rosene, Tara L. Moore, Maria Medalla

Neurology Articles

Understanding the microglial neuro-immune interactions in the primate brain is vital to developing therapeutics for cortical injury, such as stroke or traumatic brain injury. Our previous work showed that mesenchymal-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) enhanced motor recovery in aged rhesus monkeys following injury of primary motor cortex (M1), by promoting homeostatic ramified microglia, reducing injury-related neuronal hyperexcitability, and enhancing synaptic plasticity in perilesional cortices. A focal lesion was induced via surgical ablation of pial blood vessels over lying the cortical hand representation of M1 of aged female rhesus monkeys, that received intravenous infusions of either vehicle (veh) or EVs 24 h …

Development Of A Culturally Adapted Dietary Intervention To Reduce Alzheimer's Disease Risk Among Older Black Adults, Ashley R Shaw, Mickeal N Key, Samantha Fikru, Saria Lofton, Debra K Sullivan, Jannette Berkley-Patton, Crystal M Glover, Jeffrey M Burns, Eric D Vidoni

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The objective of this study is to identify and understand knowledge and attitudes that influence dietary practices among older Black adults using a community-engaged approach. This is a non-interventional mixed methods study designed to inform the development of an adapted brain-healthy soul food diet intervention. A purposive sampling approach was used to conduct seven semi-structured focus group discussions and an online quantitative survey. In total, 39 participants who self-identified as Black, aged 55 years and older, English speaking, and who were cognitively normal with an AD8 < 2; (25.6% men; 74.4% women) participated in the online survey and one of the seven 60 min virtual focus group discussions (5-7 per focus group). Quantitative frequency data from the online surveys were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative focus group data were analyzed using a 6-step thematic analysis process. Five themes emerged: dementia awareness; practices shaping food choices and consumption; barriers to eating healthy; instrumental support; and elements of a culturally adapted brain-healthy dietary intervention. Older Black adults perceived an adapted MIND dietary model as the most acceptable with the incorporation of salient cultural characteristics and strategies within both the design and delivery phases.

Maternal Metabolism Influences Neural Tube Closure, Rachel A Keuls, Richard H Finnell, Ronald J Parchem

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Changes in maternal nutrient availability due to diet or disease significantly increase the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). Because the incidence of metabolic disease continues to rise, it is urgent that we better understand how altered maternal nutrient levels can influence embryonic neural tube development. Furthermore, primary neurulation occurs before placental function during a period of histiotrophic nutrient exchange. In this review we detail how maternal metabolites are transported by the yolk sac to the developing embryo. We discuss recent advances in understanding how altered maternal levels of essential nutrients disrupt development of the neuroepithelium, and identify points of …