Digital Commons Network^™

Consumption Of High-Fructose Corn Syrup Compared With Sucrose Promotes Adiposity And Increased Triglyceridemia But Comparable Nafld Severity In Juvenile Iberian Pigs, Magdalena Maj, Brooke Harbottle, Payton A Thomas, Gabriella V Hernandez, Victoria A Smith, Mark S Edwards, Rob K Fanter, Hunter S Glanz, Chad Immoos, Douglas G Burrin, Tasha M Santiago-Rodriguez, Michael R La Frano, Rodrigo Manjarín

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Fructose consumption has been linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. However, the effect of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) compared with sucrose in pediatric NAFLD has not been investigated.

Objectives: We tested whether the isocaloric substitution of dietary sucrose by HFCS would increase the severity of NAFLD in juvenile pigs, and whether this effect would be associated with changes in gut histology, SCFA production, and microbial diversity.

Methods: Iberian pigs, 53-d-old and pair-housed in pens balanced for weight and sex, were randomly assigned to receive a mash diet top-dressed with increasing amounts of sucrose (SUC; n = …

Neurocognitive Empowerment For Addiction Treatment (Neat): Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial., Hamed Ekhtiari, Tara Rezapour, Brionne Sawyer, Hung-Wen Yeh, Rayus Kuplicki, Mimi Tarrasch, Martin P. Paulus, Robin Aupperle

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Neurocognitive deficits (NCDs) and associated meta-cognition difficulties associated with chronic substance use often delay the learning and change process necessary for addiction recovery and relapse prevention. However, very few cognitive remediation programs have been developed to target NCDs and meta-cognition for substance users. The study described herein aims to investigate the efficacy of a multi-component neurocognitive rehabilitation and awareness program termed "Neurocognitive Empowerment for Addiction Treatment" (NEAT). NEAT is a fully manualized, cartoon-based intervention involving psychoeducation, cognitive practice, and compensatory strategies relevant across 10 major cognitive domains, including aspects of attention, memory, executive functions, and decision-making.

METHOD/DESIGN: In a …

Effectiveness Of Diet/Exercise In Prevention Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus And Associated Cesarean Section Delivery, Jonathyn Andrew Marx

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is becoming a more common diagnosis during pregnancy. GDM is defined as glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy. Women diagnosed with GDM during pregnancy are at an increased risk for emergent or planned cesarean section delivery and the development of overt diabetes mellitus post pregnancy. Complications related to GDM include eclampsia, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, stillbirth, and cesarean section delivery. Initial treatment consists of diet and exercise and if glucose can not be controlled then pharmacotherapy is introduced. A literature review was performed utilizing scientific databases, mesh terms, and keywords to gather statistically relevant research to analyze the …

Umbilical Cord Milking Vs Delayed Cord Clamping And Associations With In-Hospital Outcomes Among Extremely Premature Infants, Neha Kumbhat, Barry Eggleston, Alexis S. Davis, Sara B. Demauro, Krisa P. Van Meurs, Elizabeth E. Foglia, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Michele C. Walsh, Kristi L. Watterberg, Myra H. Wyckoff, Abhik Das, Sara C. Handley, Generic Database Subcommittee Of The Nichd Neonatal Research Network

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: To compare in-hospital outcomes after umbilical cord milking vs delayed cord clamping among infantsgestation.

STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective study of infants born(grade III or IV) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) by 36 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA). Secondary outcomes assessed at 36 weeks of PMA were mortality, severe IVH, any IVH or mortality, and a composite of mortality or major morbidity. Outcomes were assessed using multivariable regression, incorporating mortality risk factors identified a priori, confounders, and center. A prespecified, exploratory analysis evaluated severe IVH in 2 gestational age strata, 22-24

RESULTS: Among 1834 infants, 23.6% were exposed to umbilical cord milking …

Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups, Risk For Complications, And Differential Effects Due To An Intensive Lifestyle Intervention, Michael P Bancks, Haiying Chen, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Alain G Bertoni, Mark A Espeland, Steven E Kahn, Scott Pilla, Elizabeth Vaughan, Lynne E Wagenknecht

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: We reevaluated the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) intervention, incorporating diabetes subgroups, to identify whether intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) is associated with differential risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) by diabetes subgroup.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In the Look AHEAD trial, 5,145 participants, aged 45-76 years, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity were randomly assigned to 10 years of ILI or a control condition of diabetes support and education. The ILI focused on weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity. To characterize diabetes subgroups, we applied k-means clustering to data on age …

Dietary Factors And Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Risk Among Us Veterans, Mimi C Tan, Niharika Mallepally, Quynh Ho, Yan Liu, Hashem B El-Serag, Aaron P Thrift

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Studies on diet and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) risk are lacking in US populations.

AIM: To determine the associations of dietary factors and risk of GIM among a US population with typical American diet.

METHODS: We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of veterans attending primary care and endoscopy clinics at the Houston VA Medical Center. Patients completed a 110-item Block Food Frequency Questionnaire then underwent upper endoscopy with gastric mapping biopsies. We compared cases defined by GIM on ≥ 1 non-cardia gastric biopsy to controls without GIM. Associations of dietary factors and GIM were estimated using logistic regression …

Blood N-3 Fatty Acid Levels And Total And Cause-Specific Mortality From 17 Prospective Studies, William S Harris, Nathan L Tintle, Fumiaki Imamura, Frank Qian, Andres V Ardisson Korat, Matti Marklund, Luc Djoussé, Julie K Bassett, Pierre-Hugues Carmichael, Yun-Yu Chen, Yoichiro Hirakawa, Leanne K Küpers, Federica Laguzzi, Maria Lankinen, Rachel A Murphy, Cécilia Samieri, Mackenzie K Senn, Peilin Shi, Jyrki K Virtanen, Ingeborg A Brouwer, Kuo-Liong Chien, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Nita G Forouhi, Johanna M Geleijnse, Graham G Giles, Vilmundur Gudnason, Catherine Helmer, Allison Hodge, Rebecca Jackson, Kay-Tee Khaw, Markku Laakso, Heidi Lai, Danielle Laurin, Karin Leander, Joan Lindsay, Renata Micha, Jaako Mursu, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Wendy Post, Bruce M Psaty, Ulf Risérus, Jennifer G Robinson, Aladdin H Shadyab, Linda Snetselaar, Aleix Sala-Vila, Yangbo Sun, Lyn M Steffen, Michael Y Tsai, Nicholas J Wareham, Alexis C Wood, Jason H Y Wu, Frank Hu, Qi Sun, David S Siscovick, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Dariush Mozaffarian, Fatty Acids And Outcomes Research Consortium (Force)

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The health effects of omega-3 fatty acids have been controversial. Here we report the results of a de novo pooled analysis conducted with data from 17 prospective cohort studies examining the associations between blood omega-3 fatty acid levels and risk for all-cause mortality. Over a median of 16 years of follow-up, 15,720 deaths occurred among 42,466 individuals. We found that, after multivariable adjustment for relevant risk factors, risk for death from all causes was significantly lower (by 15-18%, at least p < 0.003) in the highest vs the lowest quintile for circulating long chain (20-22 carbon) omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids). Similar relationships were seen for death from cardiovascular disease, cancer and other causes. No associations were seen with the 18-carbon omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid. These findings suggest that higher circulating levels of marine n-3 PUFA are associated with a lower risk of premature death.

A Microbiota-Directed Food Intervention For Undernourished Children, Robert Y Chen, Matthew C Hibberd, Arjun S Raman, Daniel Webber, Cyrus Zhou, Vinaik Sundaresan, Kazi Ahsan, Martin F Meier, Michael J Barratt, Jeffrey I Gordon, Et Al

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: More than 30 million children worldwide have moderate acute malnutrition. Current treatments have limited effectiveness, and much remains unknown about the pathogenesis of this condition. Children with moderate acute malnutrition have perturbed development of their gut microbiota.

METHODS: In this study, we provided a microbiota-directed complementary food prototype (MDCF-2) or a ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) to 123 slum-dwelling Bangladeshi children with moderate acute malnutrition between the ages of 12 months and 18 months. The supplementation was given twice daily for 3 months, followed by 1 month of monitoring. We obtained weight-for-length, weight-for-age, and length-for-age z scores and mid-upper-arm circumference …

Effect Of Preoperative Versus Postoperative Use Of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block With Plain 0.25% Bupivacaine On Postoperative Opioid Use: A Retrospective Study, Richard Kalu, Peter Boateng, Lauren Carrier, Jaime Garzon, Amy Tang, Craig Reickert, Amalia Stefanou

Surgery Articles

BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery protocols optimize pain control via multimodal approaches that include transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative vs. postoperative plain 0.25 % bupivacaine TAP block on postoperative opioid use after colorectal surgery.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study comparing postoperative opioid use in patients who received preoperative (n = 240) vs. postoperative (n = 22) plain 0.25 % bupivacaine TAP blocks. The study was conducted in a single tertiary care institution and included patients who underwent colorectal resections between August 2018 and January 2020. The primary outcome of the …

Functional Interpretation Of Atad3a Variants In Neuro-Mitochondrial Phenotypes, Zheng Yie Yap, Yo Han Park, Saskia B Wortmann, Adam C Gunning, Shlomit Ezer, Sukyeong Lee, Lita Duraine, Ekkehard Wilichowski, Kate Wilson, Johannes A Mayr, Matias Wagner, Hong Li, Usha Kini, Emily Davis Black, Kristin G Monaghan, James R Lupski, Sian Ellard, Dominik S Westphal, Tamar Harel, Wan Hee Yoon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: ATPase family AAA-domain containing protein 3A (ATAD3A) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial membrane-anchored protein involved in diverse processes including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial DNA organization, and cholesterol metabolism. Biallelic deletions (null), recessive missense variants (hypomorph), and heterozygous missense variants or duplications (antimorph) in ATAD3A lead to neurological syndromes in humans.

METHODS: To expand the mutational spectrum of ATAD3A variants and to provide functional interpretation of missense alleles in trans to deletion alleles, we performed exome sequencing for identification of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs) in ATAD3A in individuals with neurological and mitochondrial phenotypes. A Drosophila Atad3a Gal4 …

Dietary Intake Is Associated With Neuropsychological Impairment In Women With Hiv, Leah H. Rubin, Deborah R. Gustafson, Lakshmi Warrior, Lila Sheira, Kathryn C. Fitzgerald, Raha Dastgheyb, Kathleen M. Weber, Phyllis C. Tien, Audrey French, Amanda B. Spence, Anjali Sharma, Dionna W. Williams, Cory J. White, Eric C. Seaberg, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Sheri D. Weiser

Faculty Publications

Background

Diet is a modifiable risk factor that may influence cognition in people with HIV.

Objectives

We examined the association between dietary intake and cognition in women with HIV (WWH) and HIV-seronegative women.

Methods

An 18-item dietary National Cancer Institute screener was completed by 729 WWH and 346 HIV-seronegative Women's Interagency HIV Study participants. Daily intake frequencies of processed meats, sweet beverages, fish, whole milk, and vegetables were calculated. Participants completed biennial neuropsychological (NP) testing. NP domains included attention/working memory, executive function, processing speed, memory, learning, fluency, and motor function. NP impairment was defined as demographically adjusted T-scores (mean = …

Meal-Induced Symptoms In Children With Dyspepsia-Relationships To Sex And The Presence Of Gastroparesis, Liz Febo-Rodriguez, Bruno P Chumpitazi, Salma Musaad, Andrew C Sher, Robert J Shulman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that in children with dyspepsia, prospective symptom severity following ingestion of a meal would correlate with percent gastric retention, and those ultimately diagnosed with gastroparesis would report worse symptoms.

Study design: Prospective, single-center study with 104 children with dyspepsia completing a prospective dyspepsia symptom questionnaire before and after eating a standardized Tougas meal during gastric emptying scintigraphy. Main outcomes included correlation between gastric retention and symptoms and comparison of symptom severity between those with and without gastroparesis.

Results: Fifty-two children (50%) had gastroparesis (gastroparesis: 12.5 ± 2.9 years, 65% female; nongastroparesis: 13.0 ± 2.9 years, …

Rev-Erb In Gabaergic Neurons Controls Diurnal Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity, Guolian Ding, Xin Li, Xinguo Hou, Wenjun Zhou, Yingyun Gong, Fuqiang Liu, Yanlin He, Jia Song, Jing Wang, Paul Basil, Wenbo Li, Sichong Qian, Pradip Saha, Jinbang Wang, Chen Cui, Tingting Yang, Kexin Zou, Younghun Han, Christopher I Amos, Yong Xu, Li Chen, Zheng Sun

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Systemic insulin sensitivity shows diurnal rhythm with a peak at wakening1,2. The molecular mechanism underlying such a temporal pattern is unclear. Here we demonstrate that nuclear receptors Rev-erbα/β in the GABAergic neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCNGABA) control the diurnal rhythm of insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production in mice, without affecting diurnal eating or locomotor behaviors under the regular light-dark cycles. Rev-erb regulates the rhythmic expression of genes involved in neurotransmission in the SCN and modulates the oscillatory firing activity of SCNGABA neurons. Chemogenetic stimulation of SCNGABA neurons at wakening causes glucose intolerance, while restoration …

Myocardial T1 And T2 Mapping By Magnetic Resonance In Patients With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis., Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Lili Zhang, Amna Zafar, Zsofia D Drobni, Syed S Mahmood, Marcella Cabral, Magid Awadalla, Anju Nohria, Daniel A Zlotoff, Franck Thuny, Lucie M Heinzerling, Ana Barac, Ryan J Sullivan, Carol L Chen, Dipti Gupta, Michael C Kirchberger, Sarah E Hartmann, Jonathan W Weinsaft, Hannah K Gilman, Muhammad A. Rizvi Md, Bojan Kovacina, Caroline Michel, Gagan Sahni, Ana González-Mansilla, Antonio Calles, Francisco Fernández-Avilés, Michael Mahmoudi, Kerry L Reynolds, Sarju Ganatra, Juan José Gavira, Nahikari Salterain González, Manuel García De Yébenes Castro, Raymond Y Kwong, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Otavio R Coelho-Filho, Jonathan Afilalo, Eduardo Zataraín-Nicolás, A John Baksi, Bernd J Wintersperger, Oscar Calvillo-Arguelles, Stephane Ederhy, Eric H Yang, Alexander R Lyon, Michael G Fradley, Tomas G Neilan

Hematology-Medical Oncology Division

BACKGROUND: Myocarditis is a potentially fatal complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Data on the utility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 and T2 mapping in ICI myocarditis are limited.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the value of CMR T1 and T2 mapping in patients with ICI myocarditis.

METHODS: In this retrospective study from an international registry of patients with ICI myocarditis, clinical and CMR findings (including T1 and T2 maps) were collected. Abnormal T1 and T2 were defined as 2 SD above site (vendor/field strength specific) reference values and a z-score was calculated for each patient. Major …

Opioids Are Not A Major Cause Of Death Of Patients With Sickle Cell Disease., Samir K. Ballas

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) database, the total number of deaths due to opioid overdose from 1999 through 2018 was 840,629. Given the alarming nature of these statistics, patients who requested prescription for opioids became targets of suspicion and possible accusation of maladaptive behavior. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) were often not exempt from such accusations and became guilty by association. In order to clarify the effect of opioids on the mortality of patients with SCD, the mortality rates for children and adults with SCD were investigated using the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for …

Surveillance Systems For Monitoring Cervical Cancer Elimination Efforts: Focus On Hpv Infection, Cervical Dysplasia, Cervical Screening And Treatment., Julia M L Brotherton, Cosette Wheeler, Gary M. Clifford, Miriam Elfström, Marion Saville, John Kaldor, Dorothy A. Machalek

Pathology Research and Scholarship

In order to achieve the global elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem, close surveillance of progress in public health and clinical activities and outcomes across the three pillars of vaccination, screening and treatment will be required. Surveillance should ideally occur within an integrated system that is planned, funded, and regularly evaluated to ensure it is providing timely, accurate and relevant feedback for action. In this paper, we conceptualise the main public health surveillance objectives as process and outcome measures in each of the three pillars. Process measures include coverage/participation measures for vaccination, screening and treatment alongside the …

Pegylated Arginine Deiminase Depletes Plasma Arginine But Maintains Tissue Arginine Availability In Young Pigs, Mahmoud A Mohammad, Inka C Didelija, Barbara Stoll, Trung C Nguyen, Juan C Marini

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) results in the depletion of arginine with the production of isomolar amounts of citrulline. This citrulline has the potential to be utilized by the citrulline recycling pathway regenerating arginine and sustaining tissue arginine availability. The goal of this research was to test the hypothesis that ADI-PEG20 depletes circulating arginine in pigs but maintains tissue arginine concentration and function, and to characterize the kinetics of citrulline and arginine. Two multitracer approaches (bolus dose and primed-continuous infusion) were used to investigate the metabolism of arginine and citrulline in Control (

Deficiency Of Stat1 In Cd11c+ Cells Alters Adipose Tissue Inflammation And Improves Metabolic Dysfunctions In Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet, Antu Antony, Zeqin Lian, Xiaoyuan Dai Perrard, Jerry Perrard, Hua Liu, Aaron R Cox, Pradip Saha, Lothar Hennighausen, Sean M Hartig, Christie M Ballantyne, Huaizhu Wu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

CD11c+ macrophages/dendritic cells (MDCs) are increased and display the classically activated M1-like phenotype in obese adipose tissue (AT) and may contribute to AT inflammation and insulin resistance. Stat1 is a key transcription factor for MDC polarization into the M1-like phenotype. Here, we examined the role of Stat1 in obesity-induced AT MDC polarization and inflammation and insulin resistance using mice with specific knockout of Stat1 in MDCs (cKO). Stat1 was upregulated and phosphorylated, indicating activation, early and persistently in AT and AT MDCs of wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Compared with littermate controls, cKO mice fed an HFD (16 …

Prematurity Blunts The Insulin- And Amino Acid-Induced Stimulation Of Translation Initiation And Protein Synthesis In Skeletal Muscle Of Neonatal Pigs, Marko Rudar, Jane K Naberhuis, Agus Suryawan, Hanh V Nguyen, Barbara Stoll, Candace C Style, Mariatu A Verla, Oluyinka O Olutoye, Douglas G Burrin, Marta L Fiorotto, Teresa A Davis

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Extrauterine growth restriction in premature infants is largely attributed to reduced lean mass accretion and is associated with long-term morbidities. Previously, we demonstrated that prematurity blunts the feeding-induced stimulation of translation initiation signaling and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the blunted feeding response is mediated by reduced responsiveness to insulin, amino acids, or both. Pigs delivered by cesarean section preterm (PT; 103 days,

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (Pfoa) Or Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (Pfos) And Dna Methylation In Newborn Dried Blood Spots In The Upstate Kids Cohort, Sonia L Robinson, Xuehuo Zeng, Weihua Guan, Rajeshwari Sundaram, Pauline Mendola, Diane L Putnick, Robert A Waterland, Chathura J Gunasekara, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Chongjing Gao, Erin M Bell, Edwina H Yeung

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent organic pollutants which may alter prenatal development, potentially through epigenetic modifications. Prior studies examining PFOS/PFOA and DNA methylation have relatively few subjects (n < 200) and inconsistent results. We examined relations of PFOA/PFOS with DNA methylation among 597 neonates in the Upstate KIDS cohort study. PFOA/PFOS were quantified in newborn dried blood spots (DBS) using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. DNA methylation was measured using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip with DNA extracted from DBS. Robust linear regression was used to examine the associations of PFOA/PFOS with DNA methylation at individual CpG sites. Covariates included sample plate, estimated cell type, epigenetically derived ancestry, infant sex and plurality, indicators of maternal socioeconomic status, and prior pregnancy loss. In supplemental analysis, we restricted the analysis to 2242 CpG sites previously identified as Correlated Regions of Systemic Interindividual Variation (CoRSIVs) which include metastable epialleles. At FDR90th percentile was related to DNA methylation at cg15557840, near SCRT2, SRXN1; PFOS>90th percentile was related to 2 CpG sites in a sex-specific manner (cg19039925 in GVIN1 in boys and cg05754408 in ZNF26 in girls). When analysis was restricted to CoRSIVs, log-scaled, continuous PFOS concentration was related to DNA methylation at cg03278866 within PTBP1. In conclusion, there was limited evidence of an association between high concentrations of PFOA/PFOS and DNA methylation in newborn DBS in the Upstate KIDS cohort. These …

The Association Between Overnight Fasting And Body Mass Index In Older Adults: The Interaction Between Duration And Timing, Qian Xiao, Cici Bauer, Tracy Layne, Mary Playdon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythms play an important role in the regulation of eating and fasting, and mistimed dietary intakes may be detrimental to metabolic health. Extended overnight fasting has been proposed as a strategy to better align the eating-fasting cycle with the internal circadian clock, and both observational and experimental studies have linked longer overnight fasting with lower body weight. However, it remains unclear if the timing of overnight fasting modifies the relationship between fasting duration and weight outcomes.

METHODS: The current study included 495 men and 499 women age 50-74 years. Dietary intake over 12 months was assessed by 24-h …

Metabolic Flexibility Across The Spectrum Of Glycemic Regulation In Youth, Fida Bacha, Sara Klinepeter Bartz, Maurice Puyau, Anne Adolph, Susan Sharma

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

BACKGROUNDMetabolic flexibility (MF) refers to the relative ability to utilize lipid and carbohydrate substrates and to transition between them. It is not clear whether MF is impaired in obese youth and what the determining factors are.METHODSWe investigated the determinants of MF (increased respiratory exchange ratio [ΔRER] under insulin-stimulated conditions) in pubertal youth (n = 104; 15.6 ± 1.8 years) with obesity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance compared with normal weight (NW) controls, including body composition (fat-free mass [FFM], %body fat), visceral adipose fat (VAT) (MRI), glycemia, and insulin sensitivity (IS) [3-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with measurement of lipolysis ([2H5] glycerol), …

Perceived Risk Factors Of Dysmenorrhea Among Female Undergraduates In University Of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, Ibrahim Ologele, Precious Daniel Oyiza, Ogunsola Tijani

Tanzania Journal of Science

Dysmenorrrhea is one of the leading causes of school absenteeism among female undergraduates in University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Therefore, the study investigated the perceived risk factors of dysmenorrhea among female undergraduates in the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Descriptive research design of survey type was used for the study. Population for this study comprised of female undergraduates in the University of Ilorin for 2018/2019 academic session. Multi-stage sampling technique of simple, proportionate, purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to select 263 respondents that participated in the study. The researcher developed a questionnaire which was validated by 3 experts from the …

Common Questions And Misconceptions About Creatine Supplementation: What Does The Scientific Evidence Really Show?, Jose Antonio, Darren G Candow, Scott C Forbes, Bruno Gualano, Andrew R Jagim, Richard B Kreider, Eric S Rawson, Abbie E Smith-Ryan, Trisha A Vandusseldorp, Darryn S Willoughby, Tim N Ziegenfuss

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Supplementing with creatine is very popular amongst athletes and exercising individuals for improving muscle mass, performance and recovery. Accumulating evidence also suggests that creatine supplementation produces a variety of beneficial effects in older and patient populations. Furthermore, evidence-based research shows that creatine supplementation is relatively well tolerated, especially at recommended dosages (i.e. 3-5 g/day or 0.1 g/kg of body mass/day). Although there are over 500 peer-refereed publications involving creatine supplementation, it is somewhat surprising that questions regarding the efficacy and safety of creatine still remain. These include, but are not limited to: 1. Does creatine lead to water retention? 2. …

Risk Factors For Stress Fractures In Female Runners: Results Of A Survey, Therese Johnston, Allison E Jakavick, Caroline A Mancuso, Kathleen C Mcgee, Lily Wei, Morgan L Wright, Jeremy Close, Md, Ayako Shimada, Benjamin E Leiby

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Faculty Papers

Background: Few studies compare women with and without stress fractures and most focus on younger, elite runners.

Hypothesis/purpose: Compare risk factors between female runners with and without a stress fracture history.

Study design: Case control.

Methods: An online survey targeting women age ≥18 years was distributed primarily via social media. Questions included demographics, running details, cross training, nutrition, injury history, medical/menstrual history, and medications. Women with stress fracture histories answered questions about location, number, and changes made. Data were compared between groups using t-tests, chi-square tests, or Fisher's exact tests. Multivariable logistic regression models simultaneously investigated associations of multiple factors …

Association Of Baseline Characteristics With Insulin Sensitivity And Β-Cell Function In The Glycemia Reduction Approaches In Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (Grade) Study Cohort, Neda Rasouli, Naji Younes, Kristina M Utzschneider, Silvio E Inzucchi, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Andrea L Cherrington, Faramarz Ismail-Beigi, Robert M Cohen, Darin E Olson, Ralph A Defronzo, William H Herman, John M Lachin, Steven E Kahn

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: We investigated sex and racial differences in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 3,108 GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study) participants. All had type 2 diabetes diagnosedβ-cell function were evaluated using the HOMA of insulin sensitivity and estimates from oral glucose tolerance tests, including the Matsuda Index, insulinogenic index, C-peptide index, and oral disposition index (DI).

RESULTS: The cohort was 56.6 ± 10 years of age (mean ± SD), 63.8% male, with BMI 34.2 ± 6.7 kg/m

CONCLUSIONS: In the …

Association Of Long-Term Trajectories Of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status With Weight Change In Older Adults, Dong Zhang, Cici Bauer, Tiffany Powell-Wiley, Qian Xiao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Studying long-term changes in neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) may help to better understand the associations between neighborhood exposure and weight outcomes and provide evidence supporting neighborhood interventions. Little previous research has been done to examine associations between neighborhood SES and weight loss, a risk factor associated with poor health outcomes in the older population.

OBJECTIVE: to determine whether improvements in neighborhood SES are associated with reduced likelihoods of excessive weight gain and excessive weight loss and whether declines are associated with increased likelihoods of these weight outcomes.

DESIGN, STUDY, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study was conducted using data from …

Disparities In Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Among Pregnant And Post-Partum Women, Mohamed M Gad, Islam Y Elgendy, Ahmed N Mahmoud, Anas M Saad, Toshiaki Isogai, Isadora Sande Mathias, Rabel Misbah Rameez, Johnny Chahine, Hani Jneid, Samir R Kapadia

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background

The incidence of cardiovascular disease among pregnant women is rising in the United States. Data on racial disparities for the major cardiovascular events during pregnancy are limited.

Methods and Results

Pregnant and post‐partum women hospitalized from January 2007 to December 2017 were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The outcomes of interest included: in‐hospital mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and peripartum cardiomyopathy. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the independent association between race and in‐hospital outcomes. Among 46 700 637 pregnancy‐related hospitalizations, 21 663 575 (46.4%) were White, 6 302 089 (13.5%) were Black, and 8 914 …

In-Hospital Postoperative Mortality Rates For Selected Procedures In Tanzania's Lake Zone., Taylor Wurdeman, Christopher Strader, Shehnaz Alidina, David Barash, Isabelle Citron, Ntuli Kapologwe, Erastus Maina, Fabian Massaga, Adelina Mazhiqi, John G. Meara, Gopal Menon, Cheri Reynolds, Meaghan Sydlowski, John Varallo, Sarah Maongezi, Mpoki Ulisubisya

Project ECHO Bibliography

BACKGROUND: Postoperative mortality rate is one of six surgical indicators identified by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery for monitoring access to high-quality surgical care. The primary aim of this study was to measure the postoperative mortality rate in Tanzania's Lake Zone to provide a baseline for surgical strengthening efforts. The secondary aim was to measure the effect of Safe Surgery 2020, a multi-component intervention to improve surgical quality, on postoperative mortality after 10 months.

METHODS: We prospectively collected data on postoperative mortality from 20 health centers, district hospitals, and regional hospitals in Tanzania's Lake Zone over two time periods: …

Post-Discharge Healthcare Utilization In Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, Shikhar Shrestha, Melissa H. Roberts, Jessie R. Maxwell, Lawrence M. Leeman, Ludmila N. Bakhireva

Family and Community Medicine Research and Scholarship

The opioid epidemic in the United States has led to a significant increase in the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS); however, the understanding of long-term consequences of NOWS is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate post-discharge healthcare utilization in infants with NOWS and examine the association between NOWS severity and healthcare utilization. A retrospective cohort design was used to ascertain healthcare utilization in the first year after birth-related discharge using the CERNER Health Facts® database. ICD-9/ICD-10 diagnostic codes were used to identify live births and to classify infants into two study groups: NOWS and uncomplicated …