Digital Commons Network^™

Brain Structure In Acutely Underweight And Partially Weight-Restored Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa: A Coordinated Analysis By The Enigma Eating Disorders Working Group, Esther Walton, Fabio Bernardoni, Victoria-Luise Batury, Klaas Bahnsen, Sara Larivière, Giovanni Abbate-Daga, Susana Andres-Perpiña, Lasse Bang, Amanda Bischoff-Grethe, Samantha J Brooks, Iain C Campbell, Giammarco Cascino, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, Enrico Collantoni, Federico D'Agata, Brigitte Dahmen, Unna N Danner, Angela Favaro, Jamie D Feusner, Guido K W Frank, Hans-Christoph Friederich, John L Graner, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Andreas Hess, Stefanie Horndasch, Allan S Kaplan, Lisa-Katrin Kaufmann, Walter H Kaye, Sahib S Khalsa, Kevin S Labar, Luca Lavagnino, Luisa Lazaro, Renzo Manara, Amy E Miles, Gabriella F Milos, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Palmiero Monteleone, Benson Mwangi, Owen O'Daly, Jose Pariente, Julie Roesch, Ulrike H Schmidt, Jochen Seitz, Megan E Shott, Joe J Simon, Paul A M Smeets, Christian K Tamnes, Elena Tenconi, Sophia I Thomopoulos, Annemarie A Van Elburg, Aristotle N Voineskos, Georg G Von Polier, Christina E Wierenga, Nancy L Zucker, Neda Jahanshad, Joseph A King, Paul M Thompson, Laura A Berner, Stefan Ehrlich

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: The pattern of structural brain abnormalities in anorexia nervosa (AN) is still not well understood. While several studies report substantial deficits in gray matter volume and cortical thickness in acutely underweight patients, others find no differences, or even increases in patients compared with healthy control subjects. Recent weight regain before scanning may explain some of this heterogeneity. To clarify the extent, magnitude, and dependencies of gray matter changes in AN, we conducted a prospective, coordinated meta-analysis of multicenter neuroimaging data.

Methods: We analyzed T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scans assessed with standardized methods from 685 female patients with AN …

A Subpopulation Of Oxytocin Neurons Initiate Expression Of Crf Receptor 1 (Crfr1) In Females Post Parturition, Lierni Ugartemendia, Rose M De Guzman, Jing Cai, Shivakumar Rajamanickam, Zhiying Jiang, Jonathan Tao, Damian G Zuloaga, Nicholas J Justice

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Oxytocin (OT) is essential for successful reproduction, particularly during parturition and lactation. During the postpartum period, OT also influences maternal behavior to promote bonding between mothers and their newborns, and increases stress resilience. However, the mechanism by which stress influences OT neuron activity and OT release has remained unclear. Here, we provide evidence that a subpopulation of OT neurons initiate expression of the receptor for the stress neuropeptide Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF), CRFR1, in reproductive females. OT neuron expression of CRFR1 begins at the first parturition and increases during the postpartum period until weaning. The percentage of OT neurons that …

The Association Of Human Leukocyte Antigen Genotyping Among Sudanese Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Reference To Ethnicity, Deborah R Young, Benjamin D Hong, Kristina H Lewis, Silvia R Paz, Bhumi B Bhakta, Mayra Macias, Cecelia L Crawford, Adam Drewnowski, Ming Ji, Darren D Moore, Ernest Shen, Sameer B Murali, Karen J Coleman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association of weight loss following bariatric surgery with self-reported sleep quality after accounting for other sleep-related factors.

METHODS: Participants were from the Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG) study. Participants completed a survey up to 6 months before surgery and approximately 1 year after surgery. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure sleep quality. One-year percentage total weight loss (%TWL) was determined from electronic medical records. Covariates included demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index, geocoded variables to assess neighborhood quality, and physical activity. The authors assessed the association between %TWL at 1 year and PSQI …

Investigation Of Murine Host Sex As A Biological Variable In Epithelial Barrier Function And Muscle Contractility In Human Intestinal Organoids, Brooke T Beanland, Eoin P Mcneill, David J Sequeira, Hasen Xue, Noah F Shroyer, Allison L Speer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Intestinal failure (IF) occurs when intestinal surface area or function is not sufficient to support digestion and nutrient absorption. Human intestinal organoid (HIO)-derived tissue-engineered intestine is a potential cure for IF. Research to date has demonstrated successful HIO transplantation (tHIO) into mice with significant in vivo maturation. An area lacking in the literature is exploration of murine host sex as a biological variable (SABV) in tHIO function. In this study, we investigate murine host SABV in tHIO epithelial barrier function and muscle contractility. HIOs were generated in vitro and transplanted into nonobese diabetic, severe combined immunodeficiency gamma chain deficient male …

The Impact Of Internal And External Factors On Female Enrollment In Vocational Training Institutes In The United Arab Emirates: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study, Saada Mubarak Amro

Dissertations

Educational institutes around the world and vocational training institutes, in particular, are concerned with students’ participation and enrollment rates. Great emphasis is placed on the vocational sector and its role in establishing a knowledge-based economy in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as articulated in the UAE Vision 2021, its economic foresight 2030, and in the recent 50th-anniversary statement released in 2019 by HH Mohammed Rashed Al Maktoum. The importance of this sector is its significance in diversifying the economy, providing employment, and equipping both employed and unemployed nationals with the vocational skills required by local and international markets and industries. …

Sex-Specific Role Of Myostatin Signaling In Neonatal Muscle Growth, Denervation Atrophy, And Neuromuscular Contractures., Marianne E Emmert, Parul Aggarwal, Kritton Shay-Winkler, Se-Jin Lee, Qingnian Goh, Roger Cornwall

Faculty Research 2023

Neonatal brachial plexus injury (NBPI) causes disabling and incurable muscle contractures that result from impaired longitudinal growth of denervated muscles. This deficit in muscle growth is driven by increased proteasome-mediated protein degradation, suggesting a dysregulation of muscle proteostasis. The myostatin (MSTN) pathway, a prominent muscle-specific regulator of proteostasis, is a putative signaling mechanism by which neonatal denervation could impair longitudinal muscle growth, and thus a potential target to prevent NBPI-induced contractures. Through a mouse model of NBPI, our present study revealed that pharmacologic inhibition of MSTN signaling induces hypertrophy, restores longitudinal growth, and prevents contractures in denervated muscles of female …

Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicities And Their Associations With Clinical And Non-Clinical Factors Among Breast Cancer Patients In Vietnam, Sang M Nguyen, Anh T Pham, Lan M Nguyen, Hui Cai, Thuan V Tran, Xiao-Ou Shu, Huong T T Tran

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Understanding the burden and factors related to chemotherapy-induced toxicity is important in treatment planning for breast cancer patients. We conducted a prospective study among 396 newly diagnosed and chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients recruited in two major cancer hospitals in northern Vietnam. Toxicities were captured through medical chart reviews and patient self-reports and graded using NCI CTCAE classification. Associations for sociodemographic and clinical factors with chemotherapy-induced toxicities during first-line chemotherapy were evaluated via multivariable logistic regression. Severe (i.e., grade ≥ 3) hematological (38.6%), and gastrointestinal (12.9%) toxicities were common. A pre-existing nephrological condition was significantly associated with the risk of severe …

Prevalence Of Prediabetes And Diabetes Vary By Ethnicity Among Us Asian Adults At Healthy Weight, Overweight, And Obesity Ranges: An Electronic Health Record Study, William S Vicks, Joan C Lo, Lynn Guo, Jamal S Rana, Sherry Zhang, Nirmala D Ramalingam, Nancy P Gordon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Asian adults develop Type 2 diabetes at a lower body mass index (BMI) compared to other racial/ethnic groups. We examined the variation in prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes among Asian ethnic groups within weight strata by comparing middle-aged Chinese, Filipino, South Asian, and White adults receiving care in the same integrated healthcare delivery system.

METHODS: Our retrospective cross-sectional U.S. study examined data from 283,110 (non-Hispanic) White, 33,263 Chinese, 38,766 Filipino, and 17,959 South Asian adults aged 45-64 years who were members of a Northern California health plan in 2016 and had measured height and weight. Prediabetes and diabetes were …

A Comparison Of Bioimpedance Analysis Vs. Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry For Body Composition Assessment In Postpartum Women And Non-Postpartum Controls, Valene Garr Barry, Samantha L Martin, Paula Chandler-Laney, Ebony B Carter, Camille S Worthington

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Postpartum fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) may be informative predictors of future disease risk among women; hence, there is growing use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to quantify FFM and FM among postpartum women due to the quick, non-invasive, and inexpensive nature of BIA. Despite this, very few studies have examined BIA's performance, and it remains unclear as to whether specific BIA equations are needed for postpartum women. To explore these questions, we measured total body FFM and FM with a multi-frequency, segmental BIA, and dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in (1) women at one and four months postpartum (

Prenatal Exposure To Maternal Social Disadvantage And Psychosocial Stress And Neonatal White Matter Connectivity At Birth, Rachel E Lean, Christopher D Smyser, Rebecca G Brady, Regina L Triplett, Sydney Kaplan, Jeanette K Kenley, Joshua S Shimony, Tara A Smyser, J Phillip Miller, Deanna M Barch, Joan L Luby, Barbara B Warner, Cynthia E Rogers

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Early life adversity (social disadvantage and psychosocial stressors) is associated with altered microstructure in fronto-limbic pathways important for socioemotional development. Understanding when these associations begin to emerge may inform the timing and design of preventative interventions. In this longitudinal study, 399 mothers were oversampled for low income and completed social background measures during pregnancy. Measures were analyzed with structural equation analysis resulting in two latent factors: social disadvantage (education, insurance status, income-to-needs ratio [INR], neighborhood deprivation, and nutrition) and psychosocial stress (depression, stress, life events, and racial discrimination). At birth, 289 healthy term-born neonates underwent a diffusion MRI (dMRI) scan. …

Combined Trip13 And Aurora Kinase Inhibition Induces Apoptosis In Human Papillomavirus-Driven Cancers, Soma Ghosh, Tuhina Mazumdar, Wei Xu, Reid T Powell, Clifford Stephan, Li Shen, Pooja A Shah, Curtis R Pickering, Jeffery N Myers, Jing Wang, Mitchell J Frederick, Faye M Johnson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes >5% of cancers, but no therapies uniquely target HPV-driven cancers.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We tested the cytotoxic effect of 864 drugs in 16 HPV-positive and 17 HPV-negative human squamous cancer cell lines. We confirmed apoptosis in vitro and in vivo using patient-derived xenografts. Mitotic pathway components were manipulated with drugs, knockdown, and overexpression.

RESULTS: Aurora kinase inhibitors were more effective in vitro and in vivo in HPV-positive than in HPV-negative models. We hypothesized that the mechanism of sensitivity involves retinoblastoma (Rb) expression because the viral oncoprotein E7 leads to Rb protein degradation, and basal Rb protein …

Public Health Burden Of Secondhand Smoking: Case Reports Of Lung Cancer And A Literature Review, Ladislav Štěpánek, Jarmila Ševčíková, Dagmar Horáková, Mihir Sanjay Patel, Radka Durďáková

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Secondhand smoke (SHS), composed of mainstream and sidestream smoke, is a known human carcinogen. It contains a variety of harmful substances at even higher concentrations than mainstream smoke itself, which is inhaled during firsthand smoking. Exposure to SHS, affecting more than a third of the worldwide population, increases the likelihood of lung cancer by roughly 30%, with specific contributions depending on the histological type of cancer. This study aimed to present the harmful potential of SHS through case reports and describe the burden of SHS via a literature review. From a collection of lung cancer case reports occurring in never …

Maternal Gut Microbiota Mediate Intergenerational Effects Of High-Fat Diet On Descendant Social Behavior, Claudia M Di Gesù, Lisa M Matz, Ian J Bolding, Robert Fultz, Kristi L Hoffman, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Joseph F Petrosino, Shelly A Buffington

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Dysbiosis of the maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We previously showed that maternal high-fat diet (MHFD) in mice induces gut dysbiosis, social dysfunction, and underlying synaptic plasticity deficits in male offspring (F1). Here, we reason that, if HFD-mediated changes in maternal gut microbiota drive offspring social deficits, then MHFD-induced dysbiosis in F1 female MHFD offspring would likewise impair F2 social behavior. Metataxonomic sequencing reveals reduced microbial richness among female F1 MHFD offspring. Despite recovery of microbial richness among MHFD-descendant F2 mice, they display social dysfunction. Post-weaning Limosilactobacillus reuteri treatment increases the abundance of short-chain …

Infant Behavioral State And Stool Microbiome In Infants Receiving Lactocaseibacillus Rhamnosus Gg In Formula: Randomized Controlled Trial, Robert J Shulman, Maciej Chichlowski, Fabiola Gutierrez Orozco, Cheryl L Harris, Jennifer L Wampler, Nicholas A Bokulich, Carol Lynn Berseth

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to evaluate infant behavioral state, stool microbiome profile and calprotectin in infants with infantile colic receiving a partially hydrolyzed protein formula with or without added Lacticaseibacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) rhamnosus GG (LGG).

METHODS: In this single-center, double-blind, controlled, parallel, prospective study, term infants (14-28 days of age) identified with colic (using modified Wessel's criteria: cried and/or fussed ≥ 3 h/day for ≥ 3 days/week, in a one-week period) were randomized to receive one of two formulas over a three-week feeding period: marketed partially hydrolyzed cow's milk-based infant formula (PHF, n = 35) or a similar formula with …

Experiences With Prenatal Care Delivery Reported By Black Patients With Low Income And By Health Care Workers In The Us: A Qualitative Study, Alex Friedman Peahl, Michelle H. Moniz, Michele Heisler, Aalap Doshi, Gwendolyn Daniels, Martina T. Caldwell, Vanessa K. Dalton, Ana De Roo, Mary Byrnes

Emergency Medicine Articles

IMPORTANCE: Black pregnant people with low income face inequities in health care access and outcomes in the US, yet their voices have been largely absent from redesigning prenatal care.

OBJECTIVE: To examine patients' and health care workers' experiences with prenatal care delivery in a largely low-income Black population to inform care innovations to improve care coordination, access, quality, and outcomes.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: For this qualitative study, human-centered design-informed interviews were conducted at prenatal care clinics with 19 low-income Black patients who were currently pregnant or up to 1 year post partum and 19 health care workers (eg, physicians, …

Association Of Prediagnosis Obesity And Postdiagnosis Aspirin With Survival From Stage Iv Colorectal Cancer, Jennifer S Davis, Janelle C Chavez, Melissa Kok, Yazmin San Miguel, Hwa Young Lee, Henry Henderson, Michael J Overman, Van Morris, Bryan Kee, David Fogelman, Shailesh M Advani, Benny Johnson, Christine Parseghian, John Paul Shen, Arvind Dasari, Kenna R Shaw, Eduardo Vilar, Kanwal P Raghav, Imad Shureiqi, Robert A Wolff, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Dipen Maru, David G Menter, Scott Kopetz, Shine Chang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: The potential relationship between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcome is poorly understood in patients with late-stage disease. Increased body mass index may negate aspirin use for cancer prevention, but its role as a factor on the effectiveness of postdiagnosis aspirin use is unclear.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how prediagnosis obesity and postdiagnosis aspirin use may be associated with overall survival in patients with late-stage colorectal cancer.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used self-reported data from patients with metastatic or treatment-refractory disease who consented to a clinical protocol at MD Anderson Cancer Center, a large US cancer treatment …

Children With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders Successfully Decrease Fodmap Food Intake On A Low Fodmap Diet With Modest Improvements In Nutritional Intake And Diet Quality, Vishnu Narayana, Ann R Mcmeans, Rona L Levy, Robert J Shulman, Bruno P Chumpitazi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: We sought to determine how a low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol (FODMAP) diet (LFD) affected high FODMAP food intake, nutrient intake, and diet quality in children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD).

METHODS: Children (ages 7-13 years) with Rome IV FAPD began a dietitian-guided LFD. Three-day food records were captured at baseline and 2-3 weeks into the LFD. Intake of high FODMAP foods, energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, food groups, and ultra-processed foods were determined.

KEY RESULTS: Median age of participants was 11 years, and 19/31 (61%) were female. Twenty-eight (90%) decreased high FODMAP food intake on the LFD: …

Variability In Energy Expenditure Is Much Greater In Males Than Females, Lewis G Halsey, Vincent Careau, Herman Pontzer, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Andersen, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Richard Cooper, Lara R Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Jennifer Rood, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Dale A Schoeller, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong, Yosuke Yamada, John R Speakman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits. Energy expenditure could exhibit particularly high greater male variation through a cumulative effect if those traits mostly exhibit greater male variation, or a lack of greater male variation if many of them do not. Sex differences in energy expenditure variation have been little explored. We analyzed a large database on energy expenditure in adult humans (1494 males and 3108 females) to investigate whether …

Association Of Puberty Stage And Weight Status With Cardiometabolic Risk In Children And Adolescents Living On The Texas-Mexico Border, Ee Vien Low, Miryoung Lee, Cici Bauer, Susan P Fisher-Hoch, Joseph B Mccormick, Susan Abughosh, Ekere J Essien, Jessica Rodriguez, Hua Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: This retrospective cohort study aimed to examine the interaction effect between puberty stage and weight status on individual and clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) among Mexican American children and adolescents. A total of 333 children and adolescents (aged 8-18 years) enrolled in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC) from 2014 to 2020 were included in the study.

Methods: CCHC is a longitudinal, randomly recruited cohort based on the United States Census tracts/blocks of Mexican Americans living on the Texas-Mexico border. Individual CMRFs, including high blood pressure, central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin resistance (IR) were …

Effectiveness And Feasibility Of The Workout On Wheels Internet Intervention (Wowii) For Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Katherine Froehlich-Grobe, Jaehoon Lee, Christa Ochoa, Amber Lopez, Erina Sarker, Simon Driver, Ross Shegog, Suh-Jen Lin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized-controlled trial (RCT) with immediate intervention (IMM) and wait-list control (WLC) groups; WLC participants received the intervention during delivery to subsequent cohorts.

OBJECTIVES: Investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of a virtually-delivered exercise intervention.

SETTING: Home and community.

METHODS: A total of 168 middle-aged (49.6 [12.3] years old) men (57%) and women (43%) who lived an average 15.5 (12.3) years with spinal cord injury (SCI) participated. The 16-week program provides users (a) website access with exercise information, resources, and 16 skill-building modules; (b) virtual 60-minute, group-based weekly meetings; and (c) a starter package of exercise equipment. Primary outcomes included …

Comparative Safety And Effectiveness Of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass And Sleeve Gastrectomy For Weight Loss And Type 2 Diabetes Across Race And Ethnicity In The Pcornet Bariatric Study Cohort, Karen J Coleman, Robert Wellman, Stephanie L Fitzpatrick, Molly B Conroy, Callie Hlavin, Kristina H Lewis, R Yates Coley, Kathleen M Mctigue, Jonathan N Tobin, Corrigan L Mcbride, Jay R Desai, Jeanne M Clark, Sengwee Toh, Jessica L Sturtevant, Casie E Horgan, Meredith C Duke, Neely Williams, Jane Anau, Michael A Horberg, Marc P Michalsky, Andrea J Cook, David E Arterburn, Caroline M Apovian, Pcornet Bariatric Study Collaborative

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity; yet it is unclear whether the long-term safety and comparative effectiveness of these operations differ across racial and ethnic groups.

OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) across racial and ethnic groups in the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) Bariatric Study.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective, observational, comparative effectiveness cohort study that comprised 25 health care systems in the PCORnet Bariatric Study. Patients were adults and adolescents aged 12 to 79 years who underwent a primary (first nonrevisional) RYGB …

Adhering To Eat And Exercise Status During Radiotherapy For Oropharyngeal Cancer For Prevention And Mitigation Of Radiotherapy-Associated Dysphagia, Carly E A Barbon, Christine B Peterson, Amy C Moreno, Stephen Y Lai, Jay P Reddy, Ariana Sahli, Rosemary Martino, Faye M Johnson, Clifton David Fuller, Katherine A Hutcheson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Previously published work reported independent benefit of maintenance of oral intake (eat) and swallowing exercise adherence (exercise) during radiotherapy (RT) on diet and functional outcomes. The current study seeks to validate the authors' previously published findings in a large contemporary cohort of patients with oropharynx cancer (OPC) and address limitations of the prior retrospective study using prospective, validated outcome measures.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the longitudinal association of oral intake and swallowing exercise using validated, clinician-graded and patient-reported outcomes.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Secondary analysis of a prospective OPC registry including patients who underwent primary RT/chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or primary transoral …

Crucial Nuances In Understanding (Mis)Associations Between The Neonatal Microbiome And Cesarean Delivery, Alexa M Sassin, Grace J Johnson, Alison N Goulding, Kjersti M Aagaard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

As rates of Cesarean delivery and common non-communicable disorders (NCDs), such as obesity, metabolic disease, and atopy/asthma, have concomitantly increased in recent decades, investigators have attempted to discern a causal link. One line of research has led to a hypothesis that Cesarean birth disrupts the presumed normal process of colonization of the neonatal microbiome with vaginal microbes, yielding NCDs later in life. However, a direct link between a disrupted microbiota transfer at time of delivery and acute and/or chronic illness in infants born via Cesarean has not been causally established. Microbiota seeding from maternal vaginal or stool sources has been …

Identification Of An Early Survival Prognostic Gene Signature For Localized Osteosarcoma Patients, Harry Mackay, Chathura J Gunasekara, Kit-Yi Yam, Dollada Srisai, Hari Krishna Yalamanchili, Yumei Li, Rui Chen, Cristian Coarfa, Robert A Waterland

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Recent genome-wide association studies corroborate classical research on developmental programming indicating that obesity is primarily a neurodevelopmental disease strongly influenced by nutrition during critical ontogenic windows. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate neurodevelopment; however, little is known about their role in establishing and maintaining the brain's energy balance circuitry. We generated neuron and glia methylomes and transcriptomes from male and female mouse hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, a key site for energy balance regulation, at time points spanning the closure of an established critical window for developmental programming of obesity risk. We find that postnatal epigenetic maturation is markedly cell type and sex specific and …

Sex-Specific Epigenetic Development In The Mouse Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Pinpoints Human Genomic Regions Associated With Body Mass Index, Harry Mackay, Chathura J Gunasekara, Kit-Yi Yam, Dollada Srisai, Hari Krishna Yalamanchili, Yumei Li, Rui Chen, Cristian Coarfa, Robert A Waterland

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Recent genome-wide association studies corroborate classical research on developmental programming indicating that obesity is primarily a neurodevelopmental disease strongly influenced by nutrition during critical ontogenic windows. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate neurodevelopment; however, little is known about their role in establishing and maintaining the brain's energy balance circuitry. We generated neuron and glia methylomes and transcriptomes from male and female mouse hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, a key site for energy balance regulation, at time points spanning the closure of an established critical window for developmental programming of obesity risk. We find that postnatal epigenetic maturation is markedly cell type and sex specific and …

High Prevalence Of Chronic Viral Hepatitis B And C In Minnesota Somalis Contributes To Rising Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence, Essa A Mohamed, Joyce E Balls-Berry, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are known risk factors for liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is substantial global variation in HBV and HCV prevalence resulting in variations in cirrhosis and HCC. We previously reported high prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in Somali immigrants seen at an academic medical center in Minnesota.

AIM: To determine the prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis in Somali immigrants in Minnesota through a community-based screening program.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective community-based participatory research study in the Somali community in Minnesota in partnership with community …

External Validation Of A Prediction Model For Estimating Fat Mass In Children And Adolescents In 19 Countries: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis, Mohammed T Hudda, Jonathan C K Wells, Linda S Adair, Jose R A Alvero-Cruz, Maxine N Ashby-Thompson, Martha N Ballesteros-Vásquez, Jesus Barrera-Exposito, Benjamin Caballero, Elvis A Carnero, Geoff J Cleghorn, Peter S W Davies, Malgorzata Desmond, Delan Devakumar, Dympna Gallagher, Elvia V Guerrero-Alcocer, Ferdinand Haschke, Mary Horlick, Houda Ben Jemaa, Ashraful I Khan, Amani Mankai, Makama A Monyeki, Hilde L Nashandi, Luis Ortiz-Hernandez, Guy Plasqui, Felipe F Reichert, Alma E Robles-Sardin, Elaine Rush, Roman J Shypailo, Jakub G Sobiecki, Gill A Ten Hoor, Jesús Valdés, V Pujitha Wickramasinghe, William W Wong, Richard D Riley, Christopher G Owen, Peter H Whincup, Claire M Nightingale

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a UK based prediction model for estimating fat-free mass (and indirectly fat mass) in children and adolescents in non-UK settings.

Design: Individual participant data meta-analysis.

Setting: 19 countries.

Participants: 5693 children and adolescents (49.7% boys) aged 4 to 15 years with complete data on the predictors included in the UK based model (weight, height, age, sex, and ethnicity) and on the independently assessed outcome measure (fat-free mass determined by deuterium dilution assessment).

Main outcome measures: The outcome of the UK based prediction model was natural log transformed fat-free mass (lnFFM). Predictive performance statistics of …

Two Mental Models Of Integrated Care For Advanced Liver Disease: Qualitative Study Of Multidisciplinary Health Professionals, Jennifer Arney, Caroline Gray, Anne M Walling, Jack A Clark, Donna Smith, Jennifer Melcher, Steven Asch, Fasiha Kanwal, Aanand D Naik

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this paper is to present two divergent mental models of integrated advanced liver disease (AdvLD) care among 26 providers who treat patients with AdvLD.

SETTING: 3 geographically dispersed United States Veterans Health Administration health systems.

PARTICIPANTS: 26 professionals (20 women and 6 men) participated, including 9 (34.6%) gastroenterology, hepatology, and transplant physicians, 2 (7.7%) physician assistants, 7 (27%) nurses and nurse practitioners, 3 (11.5%) social workers and psychologists, 4 (15.4%) palliative care providers and 1 (3.8%) pharmacist.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews of providers caring for patients with AdvLD. We used framework analysis …

Cannabis Use And Sinonasal Symptoms In Us Adults, Francis Reyes Orozco, Matthew Lin, Kevin Hur

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in the US and worldwide. Understanding the association between cannabis use and sinonasal symptoms may help clinicians and patients better understand the symptomatology associated with cannabis use.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between frequency of cannabis use and presence of sinonasal symptoms in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based, retrospective cross-sectional study included adults aged 20 to 69 years who had completed data on sinonasal symptoms and substance use for the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The data were analyzed …

Association Of Antenatal Steroid Exposure At 21 To 22 Weeks Of Gestation With Neonatal Survival And Survival Without Morbidities, Sanjay Chawla, Myra H Wyckoff, Matthew A Rysavy, Ravi Mangal Patel, Dhuly Chowdhury, Girija Natarajan, Abbot R Laptook, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Edward F Bell, Seetha Shankaran, Krisa P Van Meurs, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Rachel G Greenberg, Noelle Younge, Erika F Werner, Abhik Das, Waldemar A Carlo, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health And Human Development Neonatal Research Network

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: The provision of antenatal corticosteroids to pregnant patients at gestational age (GA) 22 6/7 weeks or less remains controversial and lacks support from randomized clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of survival and survival without major morbidities among infants born at GA 22 0/7 to 23 6/7 weeks after exposure to antenatal steroids at 22 6/7 weeks' gestation or less vs no exposure to antenatal steroids.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study enrolled infants born at GA 22 0/7 to 23 6/7 weeks between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, at centers in the National Institute of …