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Differences And Similarities In The Clinicopathological Features Of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors In China And The United States: A Multicenter Study, Li-Ming Zhu, Laura Tang, Xin-Wei Qiao, Edward M. Wolin, Nicholas N. Nissen, Deepti Dhall, Jie Chen, Lin Shen, Yihebali Chi, Yao-Zong Yuan, Qi-Wen Ben, Bin Lv, Ya-Ru Zhou, Chun-Mei Bai, Jie Chen, Yu-Li Song, Tian-Tian Song, Chong-Mei Lu, Run Yu, Yuan-Jia Chen

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

The presentation, pathology, and prognosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) in Asian patients have not been studied in large cohorts. We hypothesized that the clinicopathological features of PNETs of Chinese patients might be different from those of US patients. The objectives of this study were to address whether PNETs in Chinese patients exhibit unique clinicopathological features and natural history, and can be graded and staged using the WHO/ENETS criteria.

This is a retrospective review of medical records of patients with PNETs in multiple academic medical centers in China (7) and the United States (2). Tumor grading and staging were based …

Fracture Burden And Risk Factors In Childhood Ckd: Results From The Ckid Cohort Study., Michelle R. Denburg, Juhi Kumar, Thomas Jemielita, Ellen R. Brooks, Amy Skversky, Anthony A. Portale, Isidro B. Salusky, Bradley A. Warady, Susan L. Furth, Mary B. Leonard

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Childhood chronic kidney disease (CHD) poses multiple threats to bone accrual; however, the associated fracture risk is not well characterized. This prospective cohort study included 537 CKD in Children (CKiD) participants. Fracture histories were obtained at baseline, at years 1, 3, and 5 through November 1, 2009, and annually thereafter. We used Cox regression analysis of first incident fracture to evaluate potential correlates of fracture risk. At enrollment, median age was 11 years, and 16% of patients reported a prior fracture. Over a median of 3.9 years, 43 males and 24 females sustained incident fractures, corresponding to 395 (95% confidence …

Genetic Loci Associated With Renal Function Measures And Chronic Kidney Disease In Children: The Pediatric Investigation For Genetic Factors Linked With Renal Progression Consortium., Matthias Wuttke, Craig S. Wong, Elke Wühl, Daniel Epting, Li Luo, Anselm Hoppmann, Anke Doyon, Yong Li, Gkdgen Consortium, Betül Sözeri, Daniela Thurn, Martin Helmstädter, Tobias B. Huber, Tom D. Blydt-Hansen, Albrecht Kramer-Zucker, Otto Mehls, Anette Melk, Uwe Querfeld, Susan L. Furth, Bradley A. Warady, Franz Schaefer, Anna Köttgen

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is characterized by rapid progression and a high incidence of end-stage renal disease and therefore constitutes an important health problem. While unbiased genetic screens have identified common risk variants influencing renal function and CKD in adults, the presence and identity of such variants in pediatric CKD are unknown.

METHODS: The international Pediatric Investigation for Genetic Factors Linked with Renal Progression (PediGFR) Consortium comprises three pediatric CKD cohorts: Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD), Effect of Strict Blood Pressure Control and ACE Inhibition on the Progression of CRF in Pediatric Patients (ESCAPE) and Cardiovascular …

Endosteal Biologic Augmentation For Surgical Fixation Of Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures, Lionel E Lazaro, Jacqueline F Birnbaum, Nadja A Farshad-Amacker, David L Helfet, Hollis G Potter, Dean G Lorich

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: To report outcomes of a cohort with displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) treated with a length/angle-stable construct augmented with an endosteal fibular allograft serving as a biologic dowel.

DESIGN: Prospective.

SETTING: Level I Trauma Center.

PATIENTS: The study group consists of 27 patients with isolated FNF surgically treated by a single surgeon.

INTERVENTION: Open reduction of the femoral neck, fixed with a length- and angle-stable construct of 2 fully threaded cannulated screws augmented with an endosteal fibular allograft serving as a biologic dowel.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical and radiographic outcomes of the fixation construct and the viability of both …

The Mosaic Mitral Valve Bioprosthesis: A Long-Term Clinical And Hemodynamic Follow-Up, Michele Celiento, Stefania Blasi, Andrea De Martino, Stefano Pratali, Aldo D Milano, Uberto Bortolotti

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

We reviewed the cases of 100 patients (mean age, 73 ± 10 yr; 64 men) who had mitral valve replacement with a Medtronic Mosaic porcine bioprosthesis from 1995 through 2011. The mean New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was 3 ± 0.7, and 52 patients were in atrial fibrillation. Prosthetic sizes were chiefly 27 mm (50 patients) and 29 mm (40 patients). Follow-up ended in December 2012 and is 97% complete, with a cumulative duration of 611 patient-years (mean duration, 6 ± 4.6 yr; maximum, 17.7 yr). The early mortality rate was 10% (6% in elective patients); late deaths occurred …

Alternative Surgical Approach To Repairing A Giant Sinus Of Valsalva Aneurysm, Vincenzo Giambruno, Cristina Cucchietti, Calogera Pisano, Jonathan Hyde

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

We report our method of surgically repairing an unruptured giant aneurysm of the right coronary sinus of Valsalva, a lesion that caused moderate aortic regurgitation but no symptoms in a 61-year-old woman. We excised the aneurysm, reconstructed the right sinus of Valsalva with use of a patch, performed mechanical aortic valve replacement directly through the excised aneurysm's cavity, and constructed a single bypass graft to the right coronary artery. The patient was discharged from the hospital after 5 days. Twelve months postoperatively, her clinical and echocardiographic results were normal, and she was doing well. To our knowledge, our surgical approach …

Diagnostic Value Of End Tidal Capnography In Patients With Hyperglycemia In The Emergency Department., Ralphe Bou Chebl, Bryan Madden, Justin Belsky, Elie Harmouche, Lenar Yessayan

Emergency Medicine Articles

BACKGROUND: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. In paediatric populations an end tidal capnography value greater than 36 mmHg was found to be 100 % sensitive in ruling out DKA.

METHODS: A cross sectional observational study of adults ≥ 17 years of age presenting to the emergency department between January 2014 and May 2014 with glucose > 550 mg/dL. In all patients, nasal capnography and venous blood gas analysis were performed prior to any insulin or intravenous fluid administration. The diagnosis of DKA was based on the presence of anion gap metabolic acidosis, …

Dietary Supplementation With Organoselenium Accelerates Recovery Of Bladder Expression, But Does Not Improve Locomotor Function, Following Spinal Cord Injury, Carolyn A. Meyer, Ranjana Singh, Mackenzie T. Jones, Chen-Guang Yu, Ronan F. Power, James W. Geddes

Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center Faculty Publications

Selenium is an essential element required for activity of several antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase. Because of the critical role of the antioxidant system in responding to traumatic events, we hypothesized that dietary selenium supplementation would enhance neuroprotection in a rodent model of spinal cord injury. Rats were maintained on either a control or selenium-enriched diet prior to, and following, injury. Dietary selenium supplementation, provided as selenized yeast added to normal rat chow, resulted in a doubling of selenium levels in the spinal cord. Dietary selenium reduced the time required for recovery of bladder function following thoracic spinal cord injury. …

Phase Of Spontaneous Slow Oscillations During Sleep Influences Memory-Related Processing Of Auditory Cues., Laura J Batterink, Jessica D Creery, Ken A Paller

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

UNLABELLED: Slow oscillations during slow-wave sleep (SWS) may facilitate memory consolidation by regulating interactions between hippocampal and cortical networks. Slow oscillations appear as high-amplitude, synchronized EEG activity, corresponding to upstates of neuronal depolarization and downstates of hyperpolarization. Memory reactivations occur spontaneously during SWS, and can also be induced by presenting learning-related cues associated with a prior learning episode during sleep. This technique, targeted memory reactivation (TMR), selectively enhances memory consolidation. Given that memory reactivation is thought to occur preferentially during the slow-oscillation upstate, we hypothesized that TMR stimulation effects would depend on the phase of the slow oscillation. Participants learned …

Post-Prandial Glucose And Insulin Responses Of Hummus Alone Or Combined With A Carbohydrate Food: A Dose-Response Study, Livia S. Augustin, Laura Chiavaroli, Janice Campbell, Adish Ezatagha, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Amin Esfahani, Cyril Kendall

NYMC Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES: Pulses are low glycemic index (GI) foods and have been associated with reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes and some cancers. However the blood glucose and insulin responses of hummus, a food containing chickpea, have not been thoroughly tested.

METHODS: Ten healthy subjects each consumed 11 breakfast study meals in randomized order over a period of 15 weeks. Hummus was consumed alone at three doses (2.7 g, 10.8 g and 25 g available carbohydrate [avCHO] portions) and with 50 g avCHO from white bread at three doses (2.7 g, 5.4 g and 10.8 g avCHO portions). The responses elicited …

Incidence And In-Hospital Mortality Of Acute Kidney Injury (Aki) And Dialysis Requiring Aki (Aki-D) After Cardiac Catheterization In The National Inpatient Sample, Jeremiah R. Brown, Michael E. Rezaee, Elizabeth L. Nichols, Emily J. Marshall, Edward D. Siew, Michael E. Matheny

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and dialysis‐requiring AKI (AKI‐D) are common, serious complications of cardiac procedures.

Methods and Results:

We evaluated 3 633 762 (17 765 214 weighted population) cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) hospital discharges from the nationally representative National Inpatient Sample to determine annual population incidence rates for AKI and AKI‐D in the United States from 2001 to 2011. Odds ratios for both conditions and associated in‐hospital mortality were calculated for each year in the study period using multiple logistic regression. The number of cardiac catheterization or PCI cases resulting in AKI rose almost 3‐fold from …

Association Of Dna Methylation At Cpt1a Locus With Metabolic Syndrome In The Genetics Of Lipid Lowering Drugs And Diet Network (Goldn) Study, Mithun Das, Jin Sha, Bertha Hidalgo, Stella Aslibekyan, Anh N. Do, Degui Zhi, Dianjianyi Sun, Tao Zhang, Shengxu Li, Wei Chen, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Hemant K. Tiwari, Devin Absher, Jose M. Ordovas, Gerald S. Berenson, Donna K. Arnett, Marguerite R. Irvin

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

In this study, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among 846 participants of European descent in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN). DNA was isolated from CD4+ T cells and methylation at ~470,000 cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) pairs was assayed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. We modeled the percentage methylation at individual CpGs as a function of MetS using linear mixed models. A Bonferroni-corrected P-value of 1.1 x 10⁻⁷ was considered significant. Methylation at two CpG sites in CPT1A on chromosome 11 was significantly associated with MetS (P for cg00574958 = …

Estrogen Receptor Alpha (Esr1)-Dependent Regulation Of The Mouse Oviductal Transcriptome, Katheryn L. Cerny, Rosanne A. C. Ribeiro, Myoungkun Jeoung, Chemyong Ko, Phillip J. Bridges

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) is an important transcriptional regulator in the mammalian oviduct, however ESR1-dependent regulation of the transcriptome of this organ is not well defined, especially at the genomic level. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate estradiol- and ESR1-dependent regulation of the transcriptome of the oviduct using transgenic mice, both with (ESR1KO) and without (wild-type, WT) a global deletion of ESR1. Oviducts were collected from ESR1KO and WT littermates at 23 days of age, or ESR1KO and WT mice were treated with 5 IU PMSG to stimulate follicular development and the production of ovarian estradiol, and the …

The Relationship Between Foot Arch Measurements And Walking Parameters In Children, Simone V. Gill, Sara Keimig, Damian Kelty-Stephen, Ya-Ching Hung, Jeremy M. Desilva

Dartmouth Scholarship

Walking mechanics are influenced by body morphology. Foot arch height is one aspect of body morphology central to walking. However, generalizations about the relationship between arch height and walking are limited due to previous methodologies used for measuring the arch and the populations that have been studied. To gain the knowledge needed to support healthy gait in children and adults, we need to understand this relationship in unimpaired, typically developing children and adults using dynamic measures. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between arch height and gait in a sample of healthy children and adults …

Lung Cancer Risk Test Trial: Study Design, Participant Baseline Characteristics, Bronchoscopy Safety, And Establishment Of A Biospecimen Repository, E. L. Crawford, Albert M. Levin, F. Safi, Mei Lu, A. Baugh, X. Zhang, J. Yeo, S. A. Khuder, A. M. Boulos, P. Nana-Sinkam, P. P. Massion, D. A. Arenberg, D. Midthun, P. J. Mazzone, S. D. Nathan, R. Wainz, G. Silvestri, J. Tita, J. C. Willey

Public Health Sciences Articles

BACKGROUND: The Lung Cancer Risk Test (LCRT) trial is a prospective cohort study comparing lung cancer incidence among persons with a positive or negative value for the LCRT, a 15 gene test measured in normal bronchial epithelial cells (NBEC). The purpose of this article is to describe the study design, primary endpoint, and safety; baseline characteristics of enrolled individuals; and establishment of a bio-specimen repository.

METHODS/DESIGN: Eligible participants were aged 50-90 years, current or former smokers with 20 pack-years or more cigarette smoking history, free of lung cancer, and willing to undergo bronchoscopic brush biopsy for NBEC sample collection. NBEC, …

Effect Of Hydroxychloroquine And Characterization Of Autophagy In A Mouse Model Of Endometriosis, A. Ruiz, S. Rockfield, N. Taran, E. Haller, Robert Engelman, I Flores, P Panina-Bordignon, Meera Nanjundan

Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications

In endometriosis, the increased survival potential of shed endometrial cells (which normally undergo anoikis) is suggested to promote lesion development. One mechanism that may alter anoikis is autophagy. Using an autophagic flux inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), we identified that it reduces the in vitro survival capacity of human endometriotic and endometrial T-HESC cells. We also identified that HCQ could decrease lesion numbers and disrupt lesion histopathology, as well as increase the levels of peritoneal macrophages and the IP-10 (10 kDa interferon-γ-induced protein) chemokine in a mouse model of endometriosis. We noted that RNA levels of a subset of autophagic …

Transdiagnostic Psychiatric Symptoms And Event-Related Potentials Following Rewarding And Aversive Outcomes, Jeffrey S. Bedwell, Geoffrey Potts, Diane C. Gooding, Benjamin J. Trachik, Chi C. Chan, Christopher C. Spencer

Psychology Faculty Publications

There is a need for a better understanding of transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms that relate to neurophysiological abnormalities following rewarding and aversive feedback in order to inform development of novel targeted treatments. To address this need, we examined a transdiagnostic sample of 44 adults (mean age: 35.52; 57% female), which consisted of individuals with broadly-defined schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (n = 16), bipolar disorders (n = 10), other mood and anxiety disorders (n = 5), and no history of a psychiatric disorder (n = 13). Participants completed a Pavlovian monetary reward prediction task during 32-channel electroencephalogram recording. We assessed the event-related potentials (ERPs) …

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Recurrence After Kidney Transplantation: Using The New Classification., Sami Alasfar, Naima Carter-Monroe, Avi Z Rosenberg, Robert A Montgomery, Nada Alachkar

Pathology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is an uncommon glomerular disorder that may lead to end stage renal disease (ESRD). With new understanding of the disease pathogenesis, the classical classification as MPGN types I, II, III has changed. Data on post-transplant MPGN, in particular with the newly refined classification, is limited. We present our center's experience of MPGN after kidney transplantation using the new classification.

METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 34 patients with ESRD due to MPGN who received 40 kidney transplants between 1994 and 2014. We reviewed the available biopsies' data using the new classification. We assessed post transplantation …

Pulmonary Imaging Biomarkers Of Gas Trapping And Emphysema In Copd: (3)He Mr Imaging And Ct Parametric Response Maps, Dante P I Capaldi, Nanxi Zha, Fumin Guo, Damien Pike, David G Mccormack, Miranda Kirby, Grace Parraga

Medical Biophysics Publications

PURPOSE: To directly compare magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) parametric response map (PRM) measurements of gas trapping and emphysema in ex-smokers both with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants provided written informed consent to a protocol that was approved by a local research ethics board and Health Canada and was compliant with the HIPAA (Institutional Review Board Reg. #00000940). The prospectively planned study was performed from March 2014 to December 2014 and included 58 ex-smokers (mean age, 73 years ± 9) with (n = 32; mean age, 74 years ± 7) and …

A Selective Impairment Of Perception Of Sound Motion Direction In Peripheral Space: A Case Study., Lore Thaler, Joseph Paciocco, Mark Daley, Gabriella D Lesniak, David W Purcell, J Alexander Fraser, Gordon N Dutton, Stephanie Rossit, Melvyn A Goodale, Jody C Culham

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

It is still an open question if the auditory system, similar to the visual system, processes auditory motion independently from other aspects of spatial hearing, such as static location. Here, we report psychophysical data from a patient (female, 42 and 44 years old at the time of two testing sessions), who suffered a bilateral occipital infarction over 12 years earlier, and who has extensive damage in the occipital lobe bilaterally, extending into inferior posterior temporal cortex bilaterally and into right parietal cortex. We measured the patient's spatial hearing ability to discriminate static location, detect motion and perceive motion direction in …

Genetic Susceptibility Loci Of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia Do Not Represent Risk For Systemic Sclerosis: A Case Control Study In Caucasian Patients, Minghua Wu, Shervin Assassi, Gloria A. Salazar, Claudia Pedroza, Olga Y. Gorlova, Wei V. Chen, Julio Charles, Miranda L. Taing, Kelley Liao, Fredrick M. Wigley

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related interstitial lung disease (ILD) has phenotypic similarities to lung involvement in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). We aimed to assess whether genetic susceptibility loci recently identified in the large IIP genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were also risk loci for SSc overall or severity of ILD in SSc. Methods: A total of 2571 SSc patients and 4500 healthy controls were investigated from the US discovery GWAS and additional US replication cohorts. Thirteen IIP-related selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped and analyzed for their association with SSc. Results: We found an association of SSc with the SNP rs6793295 …

Integrative Analysis Of Breast Cancer Reveals Prognostic Haematopoietic Activity And Patient-Specific Immune Response Profiles, Frederick S. Varn, Erik H. Andrews, David W. Mullins, Chao Cheng

Dartmouth Scholarship

Transcriptional programmes active in haematopoietic cells enable a variety of functions including dedifferentiation, innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Understanding how these programmes function in the context of cancer can provide valuable insights into host immune response, cancer severity and potential therapy response. Here we present a method that uses the transcriptomes of over 200 murine haematopoietic cells, to infer the lineage-specific haematopoietic activity present in human breast tumours. Correlating this activity with patient survival and tumour purity reveals that the transcriptional programmes of many cell types influence patient prognosis and are found in environments of high lymphocytic infiltration. Collectively, these …

[Formula: See Text]Differences In Memory Functioning Between Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder And/Or Focal Epilepsy., Sylvia E Lee, Michelle Y Kibby, Morris J Cohen, Lisa Stanford, Yong Park, Suzanne Strickland

Publications

No abstract provided.

Factors Underlying Ebola Virus Infection Among Health Workers, Kenema, Sierra Leone, 2014-2015, Mikiko Senga, Kimberly Pringle, Andrew Ramsay, David Brett-Major, Robert A. Fowler, Issa French, Mohamed Vandi, Josephine Sellu, Christian Pratt, Josephine Saidu, Nahoko Shindo, Daniel G. Bausch, Sierra Leone Kenema District Task Force And Kenema Government Hospital

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Ebola virus disease (EVD) in health workers (HWs) has been a major challenge during the 2014-2015 outbreak. We examined factors associated with Ebola virus exposure and mortality in HWs in Kenema District, Sierra Leone.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the Sierra Leone National Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Database, contact tracing records, Kenema Government Hospital (KGH) staff and Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) rosters, and burial logs.

RESULTS: From May 2014 through January 2015, 600 cases of EVD originated in Kenema District, including 92 (15%) HWs, 66 (72%) of whom worked at KGH. Among KGH medical staff and international volunteers, 18 of …

The Roles Of Perceived Subjective Norms And Anticipated Sexism In Women's Intentions To Pursue A Career In Transportation, Elizabeth Colbert Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The intention of this study was to better understand the significant underrepresentation of women in the transportation industry. The present study examined the relationships between female high school students' anticipation of a sexist workplace climate in transportation workplaces, perceived subjective norms about transportation work, and intentions to pursue a career in the transportation industry, using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). A sample (N = 132) of female high school students completed measures of anticipated sexism in transportation careers, perceived subjective norms, and transportation career intentions. Results of a regression analysis indicated that higher perceived subjective norms were a …

Ebola Virus Disease And Critical Illness, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, William A. Fischer, Timothy M. Uyeki, Thomas E. Fletcher, Neill K.J. Adhikari, Gina Portella, Francois Lamontagne, Christophe Clement, Shevin T. Jacob, Lewis Rubinson, Abel Vanderschuren, Jan Hajek, Srinivas Murthy, Mauricio Ferri, Ian Crozier, Elhadj Ibrahima, Marie-Claire Lamah, John S. Schieffelin, David Brett-Major, Daniel G. Bausch, Nikki Shindo, Adrienne K. Chan, Tim O'Dempsey, Sharmistha Mishra, Michael Jacobs, Stuart Dickson, G. Marshall Lyon, Robert A. Fowler

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

As of 20 May 2016 there have been 28,646 cases and 11,323 deaths resulting from the West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak reported to the World Health Organization. There continue to be sporadic flare-ups of EVD cases in West Africa.EVD presentation is nonspecific and characterized initially by onset of fatigue, myalgias, arthralgias, headache, and fever; this is followed several days later by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Anorexia and gastrointestinal losses lead to dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, and metabolic acidosis, and, in some patients, acute kidney injury. Hypoxia and ventilation failure occurs most often with severe illness and …

Costs And Consequences: Hepatitis C Seroprevalence In The Military And Its Impact On Potential Screening Strategies, David Brett-Major, Kevin D. Frick, Jennifer A. Malia, Shilpa Hakre, Jason F. Okulicz, Charmagne G. Beckett, Linda L. Jagodinski, Michael A. Forgione, Philip L. Gould, Stephen A. Harrison, Clinton K. Murray, Francisco J. Rentas, Adam W. Armstrong, Aatif M. Hayat, Laura A. Pacha, Peter Dawson, Angelia A. Eick-Cost, Hala H Maktabi, Nelson L. Michael, Steven B. Cersovsky, Sheila A. Peel, Paul T. Scott

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

UNLABELLED: Knowledge of the contemporary epidemiology of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection among military personnel can inform potential Department of Defense screening policy. HCV infection status at the time of accession and following deployment was determined by evaluating reposed serum from 10,000 service members recently deployed to combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan in the period 2007-2010. A cost model was developed from the perspective of the Department of Defense for a military applicant screening program. Return on investment was based on comparison between screening program costs and potential treatment costs avoided. The prevalence of HCV antibody-positive and chronic HCV …

Acute Mountain Sickness Symptom Severity At The South Pole: The Influence Of Self-Selected Prophylaxis With Acetazolamide., Michael F. Harrison, Paul J. Anderson, Jacob B. Johnson, Maile Richert, Andrew D. Miller, Bruce D. Johnson

Emergency Medicine Articles

INTRODUCTION: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, remains the only FDA approved pharmaceutical prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness (AMS) though its effectiveness after rapid transport in real world conditions is less clear.

METHODS: Over 2 years, 248 healthy adults traveled by airplane from sea level (SL) to the South Pole (ALT, ~3200m) and 226 participants provided Lake Louise Symptom Scores (LLSS) on a daily basis for 1 week; vital signs, blood samples, and urine samples were collected at SL and at ALT. Acetazolamide was available to any participant desiring prophylaxis. Comparisons were made between the acetazolamide with AMS (ACZ/AMS) (n = …

Effects Of Roflumilast In Copd Patients Receiving Inhaled Corticosteroid/Long-Acting Β2-Agonist Fixed-Dose Combination: Re(2)Spond Rationale And Study Design, Stephen I. Rennard, Fernando J. Martinez, Klaus F. Rabe, Sanjay Sethi, Emilio Pizzichini, Andrew Mcivor, Shahid Siddiqui, Antonio Anzueto, Haiyuan Zhu

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Roflumilast, a once-daily, selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, reduces the risk of COPD exacerbations in patients with severe COPD associated with chronic bronchitis and a history of exacerbations. The RE(2)SPOND study is examining whether roflumilast, when added to an inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist (ICS/LABA) fixed-dose combination (FDC), further reduces exacerbations. The methodology is described herein.

METHODS: In this Phase IV, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, participants were randomized 1:1 (stratified by long-acting muscarinic antagonist use) to receive roflumilast or placebo, plus ICS/LABA FDC, for 52 weeks. Eligible participants had severe COPD associated with chronic bronchitis, had two or more moderate-severe exacerbations within …

Visual Acceleration Perception For Simple And Complex Motion Patterns., Alexandra S Mueller, Brian Timney

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Humans are able to judge whether a target is accelerating in many viewing contexts, but it is an open question how the motion pattern per se affects visual acceleration perception. We measured acceleration and deceleration detection using patterns of random dots with horizontal (simpler) or radial motion (more visually complex). The results suggest that we detect acceleration better when viewing radial optic flow than horizontal translation. However, the direction within each type of pattern has no effect on performance and observers detect acceleration and deceleration similarly within each condition. We conclude that sensitivity to the presence of acceleration is generally …