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Articles 3511 - 3540 of 3560

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Mechanisms Of Immunotherapeutic Intervention By Anti-Cd40l (Cd154) Antibody In An Animal Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, Laurence M. Howard, Amy J. Miga, Carol L. Vanderlugt, Mauro C. Dal Canto, John D. Laman, Randolph J. Noelle, Stephen D. Miller Jan 1999

Mechanisms Of Immunotherapeutic Intervention By Anti-Cd40l (Cd154) Antibody In An Animal Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, Laurence M. Howard, Amy J. Miga, Carol L. Vanderlugt, Mauro C. Dal Canto, John D. Laman, Randolph J. Noelle, Stephen D. Miller

Dartmouth Scholarship

Relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE) in the SJL mouse is a Th1-mediated autoimmune demyelinating disease model for human multiple sclerosis and is characterized by infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) by Th1 cells and macrophages. Disease relapses are mediated by T cells specific for endogenous myelin epitopes released during acute disease, reflecting a critical role for epitope spreading in the perpetuation of chronic central CNS pathology. We asked whether blockade of the CD40–CD154 (CD40L) costimulatory pathway could suppress relapses in mice with established R-EAE. Anti-CD154 antibody treatment at either the peak of acute disease or during remission effectively blocked …

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Igf Paracrine And Autocrine Interactions Between Conceptus And Oviduct., A J Watson, M E Westhusin, Q A Winger Jan 1999

Igf Paracrine And Autocrine Interactions Between Conceptus And Oviduct., A J Watson, M E Westhusin, Q A Winger

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Development in vitro is influenced by embryo density, serum, somatic cell co-culture and the production of 'embryotrophic' paracrine and autocrine factors. Research in our laboratory has focussed principally on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family. We have demonstrated that pre-attachment bovine and ovine embryos express mRNAs encoding a number of growth factor ligand and receptor genes including all members of the IGF ligand and receptor family throughout this developmental interval. In addition, early embryos express mRNAs encoding IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 2-5 from the one-cell to the blastocyst stage and IGFBP5 mRNA at the blastocyst stage. Cultured bovine blastocysts release up …

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Resurgence Of Sleeping Sickness In Tambura County, Sudan, Anne Moore, Michaleen Richer, Mario Enrile, Edward Losio, Jacquelin Roberts, Deborah A. Levy Jan 1999

Resurgence Of Sleeping Sickness In Tambura County, Sudan, Anne Moore, Michaleen Richer, Mario Enrile, Edward Losio, Jacquelin Roberts, Deborah A. Levy

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Endemic foci of human African trypanosomiasis are present in southern Sudan. In 1996 and 1997, trypanosomiasis increased sharply in Tambura County. To define the magnitude and geographic distribution of the outbreak, we conducted a prevalence survey using population-based cluster sampling in 16 villages: 1,358 participants answered questions about routine activities and tsetse fly contact and received serologic testing. Seroprevalence in the surveyed area was 19.4% (95% confidence interval = 16.9%, 21.8%). We confirmed infection in 66% of seropositive persons who received one parasitologic examination and in 95% of those who had serial examinations of lymph node fluid and blood. Activities …

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Transient Expression Of A Translation Initiation Factor Is Conservatively Associated With Embryonic Gene Activation In Murine And Bovine Embryos., P A De Sousa, A J Watson, R M Schultz Oct 1998

Transient Expression Of A Translation Initiation Factor Is Conservatively Associated With Embryonic Gene Activation In Murine And Bovine Embryos., P A De Sousa, A J Watson, R M Schultz

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

In the present study the abundance of mRNAs for eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF-1A (formerly known as eIF-4C), -2alpha, -4A, -4E, and -5 was examined in in vivo-derived mouse embryos throughout preimplantation development using a semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Although the mRNA profile for each gene is unique, only mRNA for eIF-1A transiently increases during embryonic gene activation (EGA) at the 2-cell stage, and this was confirmed by an independent hybridization-based assay. In in vitro-developed bovine embryos, mRNA for eIF-1A was transiently detected at the 8-cell stage, when the major activation of the genome occurs in this species. …

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Na/K-Atpase-Mediated 86rb+ Uptake And Asymmetrical Trophectoderm Localization Of Alpha1 And Alpha3 Na/K-Atpase Isoforms During Bovine Preattachment Development., D H Betts, L C Barcroft, A J Watson May 1998

Na/K-Atpase-Mediated 86rb+ Uptake And Asymmetrical Trophectoderm Localization Of Alpha1 And Alpha3 Na/K-Atpase Isoforms During Bovine Preattachment Development., D H Betts, L C Barcroft, A J Watson

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

This study evaluated Na/K-ATPase alpha 1- and alpha 3-subunit isoform polypeptide expression and localization during bovine preattachment development. Na/K-ATPase cation transport activity from the one-cell to blastocyst stage was also determined by measuring ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake. Both alpha1- and alpha 3-subunit polypeptides were detected by immunofluorescence to encircle the entire cell margins of each blastomere of inseminated zygotes, cleavage stage embryos, and morulae. Immunofluorescent localization of alpha1-subunit polypeptide in bovine blastocysts revealed an alpha1 immunofluorescence signal confined to the basolateral membrane margins of the trophectoderm and encircling the cell periphery of each inner cell mass (ICM) cell. In contrast, alpha …

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Intrinsic And Extrinsic Control Of Hemopoietic Stem Cell Numbers: Mapping Of A Stem Cell Gene, Gerald De Haan, Gary Van Zant Aug 1997

Intrinsic And Extrinsic Control Of Hemopoietic Stem Cell Numbers: Mapping Of A Stem Cell Gene, Gerald De Haan, Gary Van Zant

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

We evaluated in vivo interactions between extrinsic (growth factor induced) and intrinsic (genetically determined) effectors of mouse primitive hemopoietic stem cell proliferation and numbers. Accordingly, stem cell frequency and cell cycle kinetics were assessed in eight strains of inbred mice using the cobblestone area–forming cell (CAFC) assay. A strong inverse correlation was observed between mouse lifespan and the number of autonomously cycling progenitors (CAFC day 7) in the femur. The population size of primitive stem cells (CAFC day 35) varied widely (up to sevenfold) among strains, unlike total CAFC day 7 numbers (cycling and quiescent), which were similar. Administration of …

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Bovine Oviductal And Embryonic Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins: Possible Regulators Of "Embryotrophic" Insulin-Like Growth Factor Circuits., Q A Winger, P De Los Rios, V K Han, D T Armstrong, D J Hill, A J Watson Jun 1997

Bovine Oviductal And Embryonic Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins: Possible Regulators Of "Embryotrophic" Insulin-Like Growth Factor Circuits., Q A Winger, P De Los Rios, V K Han, D T Armstrong, D J Hill, A J Watson

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Bovine oviductal monolayer and vesicle primary cultures express insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II mRNAs and polypeptides. Early bovine embryos also express IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-I receptor, IGF-II receptor, and insulin receptor mRNAs. This study reports the expression of IGF binding protein (IGFBP) mRNAs and polypeptides in bovine oviduct primary cultures and IGFBP mRNAs in preattachment embryos. Release of immunoreactive IGF-I and IGF-II by oviduct cultures and bovine blastocysts was also determined. IGFBP-2, -3, -4, and -5 transcripts were observed in oviduct primary cultures throughout an 8-day interval. IGFBP-1 and -6 mRNAs were consistently not detected in the oviduct. Messenger RNAs …

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Voices Of Three African American Female College Presidents: A Qualitative Study Of Their Journeys, Maria Teresa Alves Williams Jan 1997

Voices Of Three African American Female College Presidents: A Qualitative Study Of Their Journeys, Maria Teresa Alves Williams

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

There are many prevailing myths that have influenced society's perception of Black women. As a result, a tradition of negativity surrounds African American women in American society. It is these "negative perceptions and misinterpretation of African American women's behavior that found its way into colleges and universities" (Myers, 1991, p. 9). Unlike White women, and Black men, Black women in academe experience double jeopardy; race and gender biases (Gregory, 1995; Myers, 2002). Research on Black women has found that they are concentrated at the lowest academic ranks, non-tenured, paid less than their male and White female counterparts, and promoted at …

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Cellular Basis Of Decreased Immune Responses To Pneumococcal Vaccines In Aged Mice, Manju Garg, Wei Luo, Alan M. Kaplan, Subbarao Bondada Nov 1996

Cellular Basis Of Decreased Immune Responses To Pneumococcal Vaccines In Aged Mice, Manju Garg, Wei Luo, Alan M. Kaplan, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Previously, model systems were developed in our laboratory to study murine immune responses to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Pnu-Imune, both in vivo and in vitro (M. Garg and B. Subbarao, Infect. Immun. 60:2329-2336, 1992; M. Garg, A. M. Kaplan, and S. Bondada, J. Immunol. 152: 1589-1596, 1994). Using these systems, we found that aged mice did not respond to the vaccine in vivo or in vitro. Cell separation studies showed that the unresponsiveness of the aged spleen cells to the vaccine was not due to an intrinsic B-cell defect or to T-cell-mediated immunosuppression but resulted from an accessory cell …

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Pancreatic Expression Of Interleukin-4 Abrogates Insulitis And Autoimmune Diabetes In Nonobese Diabetic (Nod) Mice., Regula Mueller, Troy Krahl, Nora Sarvetnick Sep 1996

Pancreatic Expression Of Interleukin-4 Abrogates Insulitis And Autoimmune Diabetes In Nonobese Diabetic (Nod) Mice., Regula Mueller, Troy Krahl, Nora Sarvetnick

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

Diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is a T cell-dependent autoimmune disease. The destructive activities of autoreactive T cells have been shown to be tightly regulated by effector molecules. In particular, T helper (Th) 1 cytokines have been linked to diabetes pathogenesis, whereas Th2 cytokines and the cells that release them have been postulated to be protective from disease. To test this hypothesis, we generated transgenic NOD mice that express interleukin (IL) 4 in their pancreatic beta cells under the control of the human insulin promoter. We found that transgenic NOD-IL-4 mice, both females and males, were completely protected from …

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Il-10 Is Necessary And Sufficient For Autoimmune Diabetes In Conjunction With Nod Mhc Homozygosity., Myung-Shik Lee, Regula Mueller, Linda S. Wicker, Laurence B. Peterson, Nora Sarvetnick Jun 1996

Il-10 Is Necessary And Sufficient For Autoimmune Diabetes In Conjunction With Nod Mhc Homozygosity., Myung-Shik Lee, Regula Mueller, Linda S. Wicker, Laurence B. Peterson, Nora Sarvetnick

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

Contrary to expectations based on in vitro experiments, we previously found that pancreatic IL-10 did not inhibit autoimmune diabetes but accelerated it in an MHC-dependent manner. Therefore, the ability of IL-10 to overcome the absence of all non-MHC diabetes susceptibility (Idd) alleles was studied in transgenic mice expressing pancreatic IL-10 backcrossed to B10.H2g7 congenic mice, which have no Idd alleles other than NOD MHC (H2g7). IL-10 transgenic backcross 1 (BC1) mice with H2g7/g7 haplotype developed clear-cut insulitis and diabetes, but neither transgenic mice with the H2g/b haplotype nor nontransgenic BC1 mice did so. Further implicating IL-10 in autoimmune diabetes, anti-IL-10 …

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Disruption Of The Cbfa2 Gene Causes Necrosis And Hemorrhaging In The Central Nervous System And Blocks Definitive Hematopoiesis., Qing Wang, Terryl Stacy, Michael M Binder, Miguel Marin-Padilla, Arlene H. Sharpe, Nancy A. Speck Apr 1996

Disruption Of The Cbfa2 Gene Causes Necrosis And Hemorrhaging In The Central Nervous System And Blocks Definitive Hematopoiesis., Qing Wang, Terryl Stacy, Michael M Binder, Miguel Marin-Padilla, Arlene H. Sharpe, Nancy A. Speck

Dartmouth Scholarship

The CBFA2 (AML1) gene encodes a DNA-binding subunit of the heterodimeric core-binding factor. The CBFA2 gene is disrupted by the (8;21), (3;21), and (12;21) chromosomal translocations associated with leukemias and myelodysplasias in humans. Mice lacking a CBF alpha 2 protein capable of binding DNA die between embryonic days 11.5 and 12.5 due to hemorrhaging in the central nervous system (CNS), at the nerve/CNS interfaces of cranial and spinal nerves, and in somitic/intersomitic regions along the presumptive spinal cord. Hemorrhaging is preceded by symmetric, bilateral necrosis in these regions. Definitive erythropoiesis and myelopoiesis do not occur in Cbfa2-deficient embryos, and disruption …

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Cd40-Cd40 Ligand Interactions In Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis And Multiple Sclerosis., Koen Gerritse, Jon D. Laman, Randolph J. Noelle, Alejandro Aruffo Mar 1996

Cd40-Cd40 Ligand Interactions In Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis And Multiple Sclerosis., Koen Gerritse, Jon D. Laman, Randolph J. Noelle, Alejandro Aruffo

Dartmouth Scholarship

We investigated the role of CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interactions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Activated helper T cells expressing CD40L (gp39) surface protein were found in MS patient brain sections, but not in brain tissue sections of normal controls or patients with other neurological disease. CD40L-positive cells were co-localized with CD40-bearing cells in active lesions (perivascular infiltrates). Most of these CD40-bearing cells proved to be of the monocytic lineage (macrophages or microglial cells), and relatively few were B cells. To functionally evaluate CD40-CD40L interactions, EAE was elicited in mice by means of proteolipid-peptide immunization. Treatment with …

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Biochemical And Mutational Analysis Of The Histidine Residues Of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A., M Hoffman, M Tremaine, J Mansfield, M Betley Mar 1996

Biochemical And Mutational Analysis Of The Histidine Residues Of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A., M Hoffman, M Tremaine, J Mansfield, M Betley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The goal of this study was to examine the role of histidine residues in the biological activities of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). Carboxymethylated SEA was unable to stimulate murine T-cell proliferation but was resistant to monkey stomach lavage fluid degradation, suggesting that native conformation was intact. Site-directed mutagenesis of the histidine residues of SEA was subsequently performed. SEA-H44A (SEA with histidine 44 replaced with alanine), SEA-H44D, SEA-H50A, SEA-H50D, SEA-H114A, SEA-H114D, SEA-H187A, and SEA-H187D retained superantigen and emetic activities, whereas SEA-H225A and SEA-H225D were defective in the ability to stimulate T-cell proliferation. These mutants were unable to compete with SEA for …

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Analysis Of The Effects Of Overexpression Of Metallothionein-I In Transgenic Mice On The Reproductive Toxicology Of Cadmium., T Dalton, Kai Fu, G C Enders, R D Palmiter, G K Andrews Jan 1996

Analysis Of The Effects Of Overexpression Of Metallothionein-I In Transgenic Mice On The Reproductive Toxicology Of Cadmium., T Dalton, Kai Fu, G C Enders, R D Palmiter, G K Andrews

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Exposure to low levels of cadmium reduces fertility. In male mice spermatogenesis is highly sensitive to cadmium, whereas in females the peri-implantation period of pregnancy is sensitive. To examine the potential roles of the cadmium-binding protein, metallothionein (MT), in the reproductive toxicology of cadmium, we examined a transgenic mouse strain that overexpresses metallothionein-I (MT-I). These mice had dramatically increased steady-state levels of MT-I mRNA and MT in the testes and in the female reproductive tract during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy, and this overexpression occurred in a cell-specific and temporally regulated manner similar to that of the endogenous MT-I gene. …

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A Requirement For Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 During Development Of The Mammalian Kidney And Eye., Andrew T. Dudley, K. M. Lyons, E. J. Robertson Nov 1995

A Requirement For Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 During Development Of The Mammalian Kidney And Eye., Andrew T. Dudley, K. M. Lyons, E. J. Robertson

Journal Articles: Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy

BMP-7/OP-1, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of secreted growth factors, is expressed during mouse embryogenesis in a pattern suggesting potential roles in a variety of inductive tissue interactions. The present study demonstrates that mice lacking BMP-7 display severe defects confined to the developing kidney and eye. Surprisingly, the early inductive tissue interactions responsible for establishing both organs appear largely unaffected. However, the absence of BMP-7 disrupts the subsequent cellular interactions required for their continued growth and development. Consequently, homozygous mutant animals exhibit renal dysplasia and anophthalmia at birth. Overall, these findings identify BMP-7 as an essential …

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Expression Of Genes Encoding Antioxidant Enzymes In Preimplantation Mouse And Cow Embryos And Primary Bovine Oviduct Cultures Employed For Embryo Coculture., M B Harvey, M Y Arcellana-Panlilio, X Zhang, G A Schultz, A J Watson Sep 1995

Expression Of Genes Encoding Antioxidant Enzymes In Preimplantation Mouse And Cow Embryos And Primary Bovine Oviduct Cultures Employed For Embryo Coculture., M B Harvey, M Y Arcellana-Panlilio, X Zhang, G A Schultz, A J Watson

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Preimplantation embryos from a variety of mammalian species contrast markedly in their response to culture in vitro. Murine preimplantation embryos display a wider tolerance than other mammalian species to culture environments, and this has contributed to the development of several effective defined culture media. Embryo coculture on somatic cells remains the most effective method of supporting reasonable rates of bovine preimplantation development in vitro. The patterns of gene expression for several antioxidant enzymes during preimplantation murine and bovine development were examined by use of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique to determine whether the differential developmental capacity of mammalian preimplantation …

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The Costs Of Eating: A Behavioral Economic Analysis Of Food Refusal., Mary Louise Kerwin, W H Ahearn, P S Eicher, D M Burd Jan 1995

The Costs Of Eating: A Behavioral Economic Analysis Of Food Refusal., Mary Louise Kerwin, W H Ahearn, P S Eicher, D M Burd

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

Behavioral economic concepts were applied to the analysis and treatment of pediatric feeding disorders in a clinical setting. In Experiment 1, children who chronically refused food were presented with varying amounts of food on a spoon (empty, dipped, quarter, half, and level). Each child exhibited a different but orderly demand function of response (acceptance, expulsion, and mouth clean) by cost (increasing spoon volume) for a constant pay-off of toys and social interaction. In Experiment 2, physical guidance or nonremoval of the spoon for food refusal was initiated at the smallest spoon volume with low levels of acceptance, and was subsequently …

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Preimplantation Development Of In Vitro-Matured And In Vitro-Fertilized Ovine Zygotes: Comparison Between Coculture On Oviduct Epithelial Cell Monolayers And Culture Under Low Oxygen Atmosphere., A J Watson, P H Watson, D Warnes, S K Walker, D T Armstrong, R F Seamark Apr 1994

Preimplantation Development Of In Vitro-Matured And In Vitro-Fertilized Ovine Zygotes: Comparison Between Coculture On Oviduct Epithelial Cell Monolayers And Culture Under Low Oxygen Atmosphere., A J Watson, P H Watson, D Warnes, S K Walker, D T Armstrong, R F Seamark

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

The roles of medium composition, serum source, embryo coculture, and culture under low O2 conditions on the development of in vitro-matured and in vitro-fertilized (IVMF) ovine zygotes were investigated in three separate experiments. In the first experiment, the proportion of cocultured IVMF zygotes developing to the blastocyst stage was significantly higher (38.0% vs. 3.5%; p < 0.05) than that of non-cocultured zygotes treated within three embryo culture media (TCM-199 + 10% fetal bovine serum [FBS]; bicarbonate-buffered, glucose-free synthetic oviduct fluid medium [mod-SOFM] + 10% FBS; and bicarbonate-buffered BSA-free Tyrode's salt solution [mod-TALP] + 10% FBS) under a 5% CO2 atmosphere in air. In a second experiment, a significantly higher (p < 0.05) proportion of cocultured zygotes placed in TCM-199 medium survived to the blastocyst stage (37.4% blastocysts vs. 23.4% in mod-SOFM). No significant effect of serum (FBS vs. human serum [HS]) was observed on embryonic development, but coculture was confirmed to exert a significant influence on development to the blastocyst stage. In the final experiment, survival of the embryo under a reduced oxygen (5% CO2:5% O2:90% N2) atmosphere was investigated. In contrast to results in the initial experiments, embryonic survival was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the non-cocultured treatment groups (21.9% blastocysts vs. 0.4% for cocultured zygotes). Serum source also had a significant (p < 0.05) influence upon the development of non-cocultured zygotes: 32.3% of zygotes cultured with HS progressed to the blastocyst stage vs. 11.5% of zygotes cultured in FBS-supplemented medium. These results have characterized two distinct culture environments, each capable of supporting the development of high frequencies of unselected IVMF zygotes to the blastocyst stage in vitro.

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A Growth Factor Phenotype Map For Ovine Preimplantation Development., A J Watson, P H Watson, M Arcellana-Panlilio, D Warnes, S K Walker, G A Schultz, D T Armstrong, R F Seamark Apr 1994

A Growth Factor Phenotype Map For Ovine Preimplantation Development., A J Watson, P H Watson, M Arcellana-Panlilio, D Warnes, S K Walker, G A Schultz, D T Armstrong, R F Seamark

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the patterns of expression for several growth factor ligand and receptor genes during ovine preimplantation development. Transcripts for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, and the receptors for insulin and IGF-I were detected throughout ovine preimplantation development from the 1-cell to the blastocyst stage. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) transcripts were also detected throughout ovine preimplantation development. The mRNAs encoding basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were detected in all stages of the ovine preimplantation embryo, although the relative abundance of this transcript consistently decreased from the 1-cell to the blastocyst …

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Production Of Interleukin 10 By Islet Cells Accelerates Immune-Mediated Destruction Of Beta Cells In Nonobese Diabetic Mice., Lise Wogensen, Myung-Shik Lee, Nora Sarvetnick Apr 1994

Production Of Interleukin 10 By Islet Cells Accelerates Immune-Mediated Destruction Of Beta Cells In Nonobese Diabetic Mice., Lise Wogensen, Myung-Shik Lee, Nora Sarvetnick

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

The T helper type 2 (Th2) cell product interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits the proliferation and function of Th1 lymphocytes and macrophages (M phi). The nonobese diabetic mouse strain (NOD/Shi) develops a M phi and T cell-dependent autoimmune diabetes that closely resembles human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The objective of the present study was to explore the consequences of localized production of IL-10 on diabetes development in NOD/Shi mice. Surprisingly, local production of IL-10 accelerated the onset and increased the prevalence of diabetes, since diabetes developed at 5-10 wk of age in 92% of IL-10 positive I-A beta g7/g7, I-E- mice …

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Possible Roles Of Insulin And Insulin-Like Growth Factors In Rat Preimplantation Development: Investigation Of Gene Expression By Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction., X Zhang, G M Kidder, A J Watson, G A Schultz, D T Armstrong Mar 1994

Possible Roles Of Insulin And Insulin-Like Growth Factors In Rat Preimplantation Development: Investigation Of Gene Expression By Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction., X Zhang, G M Kidder, A J Watson, G A Schultz, D T Armstrong

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

The sensitive mRNA phenotyping technique of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to demonstrate that insulin receptor mRNA is present in rat embryos during the preimplantation period. In addition, mRNA encoding insulin-like growth factor (IGF) type I and type II receptors have also been detected in rat preimplantation embryos. IGF-I mRNA was not detected in preimplantation embryos but was found in oviducts and uteri of prepubertal and early pregnant rats. IGF-II mRNA was present in both embryos and in oviducts and uteri during the preimplantation period. These findings suggest that insulin and IGF-I could influence early embryo development in endocrine …

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Antibody To The Ligand Of Cd40, Gp39, Blocks The Occurrence Of The Acute And Chronic Forms Of Graft-Vs-Host Disease, F H. Durie, A Aruffo, J Ledbetter, K M. Crassi Jan 1994

Antibody To The Ligand Of Cd40, Gp39, Blocks The Occurrence Of The Acute And Chronic Forms Of Graft-Vs-Host Disease, F H. Durie, A Aruffo, J Ledbetter, K M. Crassi

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Reversal Of Age-Associated Decline In Immune Response To Pnu-Imune Vaccine By Supplementation With The Steroid Hormone Dehydroepiandrosterone, Manju Garg, Subbarao Bondada May 1993

Reversal Of Age-Associated Decline In Immune Response To Pnu-Imune Vaccine By Supplementation With The Steroid Hormone Dehydroepiandrosterone, Manju Garg, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Recently, we reported that murine antibody responses to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide (Pnu-Imune) vaccine declined with age. Here we present data to support the concept that age-associated immune defects are not only due to intrinsic defects in immune cells but are also due to extrinsic factors emanating from the neuroendocrine system. We found that supplementation with dehydroepiandrosterone, a steroid hormone known to be reduced in the aged, corrects the immune deficiency of aged mice and significantly enhanced their splenic immune responses to the Pnu-Imune vaccine.

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A Model To Promote Activity Competence In Elders., Ruth E. Levine, Laura N. Gitlin Feb 1993

A Model To Promote Activity Competence In Elders., Ruth E. Levine, Laura N. Gitlin

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

This paper describes an occupational therapy home-based intervention in which purposeful activities were used to promote adaptation and competence in older adults with chronic disabilities. Seven home care therapists visited 17 randomly selected, community-living elders who were chronically disabled and who volunteered to participate in the program. The number of visits ranged from 3 to 10 and occurred over a 3-month period according to clients' needs and wishes. Therapists enhanced their ability to enter the client's social and cultural system by using participant-observation techniques and collaboratively identified activities. Therapists documented each home visit with a structured fieldnote form. An analysis …

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How To Make A Blastocyst., A J Watson, G M Kidder, G A Schultz Oct 1992

How To Make A Blastocyst., A J Watson, G M Kidder, G A Schultz

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Several of the new reproductive technologies have been cultivated from our current understanding of the genetic programming and cellular processes that are involved in the major morphogenetic events of mammalian preimplantation development. Research directed at characterizing the patterns of gene expression during early development has shown that the embryo is initially under maternal control and later superseded by new transcriptional activity provided by the activation of the embryonic genome. Several embryonic transcripts encoding: (i) growth factors, (ii) cell junctions, (iii) plasma membrane ion transporters, and (iv) cell adhesion molecules have been identified as contributing directly to the progression of the …

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Immune Responses Of Systemic And Mucosal Lymphoid Organs To Pnu-Imune Vaccine As A Function Of Age And The Efficacy Of Monophosphoryl Lipid A As An Adjuvant, Manju Garg, Subbarao Bondada Jun 1992

Immune Responses Of Systemic And Mucosal Lymphoid Organs To Pnu-Imune Vaccine As A Function Of Age And The Efficacy Of Monophosphoryl Lipid A As An Adjuvant, Manju Garg, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

A murine model system was established to study immune responses to the Pnu-Imune vaccine, which is made up of 23 different pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. In this animal model, antibody-forming cell responses to 21 of 23 individual polysaccharides in the vaccine were detected. The Pnu-Imune vaccine elicited good antibody responses from the spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of young mice, whereas a variety of other peripheral lymph nodes were unresponsive. The immunoglobulin M plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in the spleen to the Pnu-Imune vaccine (given intraperitoneally or subcutaneously) decreased dramatically with increasing age. However, the spleen and MLN differed in …

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Primary Antibody Responses To Thymus-Independent Antigens In The Lungs And Hilar Lymph Nodes Of Mice, S. Niranjan Goud, Alan M. Kaplan, Subbarao Bondada Jul 1990

Primary Antibody Responses To Thymus-Independent Antigens In The Lungs And Hilar Lymph Nodes Of Mice, S. Niranjan Goud, Alan M. Kaplan, Subbarao Bondada

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

B lymphocytes from the pulmonary lymphoid tissues were stimulated with a variety of thymus-independent (TI) antigens by intratracheal (i.t.) immunization. Immune responses in the lungs and hilar lymph nodes (HLN), which are part of the localized lymphoid tissue, as well as in the spleen, the systemic lymphoid organ, were studied. Thus, primary i.t. immunization of mice with the TI-1 antigen trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) elicited both antigen-specific and polyclonal plaque-forming cell responses from HLN, lung, and splenic B lymphocytes. These responses appeared as early as 3 days after immunization and declined by day 7. Similar immunization with another TI-1 antigen, TNP-Brucella …

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Susceptibility Of Hepatic Microcirculation To Reperfusion Injury: A Comparison Of Adult And Suckling Rats., Alan M. Yahanda Md, Facs, C N Paidas, M G Clemens Feb 1990

Susceptibility Of Hepatic Microcirculation To Reperfusion Injury: A Comparison Of Adult And Suckling Rats., Alan M. Yahanda Md, Facs, C N Paidas, M G Clemens

Other Specialties

Primary graft failure and vascular thromboses are frequent complications of liver transplantation, yet the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that hepatic reperfusion injury results in damage at the microvessel level. The present study was performed to determine whether an increased susceptibility of immature animals to microvascular injury during reperfusion might be a contributing factor in these complications. Suckling (35 to 50 g) or adult (250 to 400 g) rats were subjected to 30 or 60 minutes of hepatic ischemia to the left and median lobes followed by 90 minutes of reperfusion. Control animals were …

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Animal Bite Infections., Joel D. Klein, Md Jan 1989

Animal Bite Infections., Joel D. Klein, Md

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Animal bites have become alarmingly common and may represent a quiet epidemic. It is estimated that between 1 and 3.5 million animal bites occur annually in the United States. The highest incidence has consistently been in 5-to-14-year-old schoolchildren, who have greater contact with animals, especially house pets, on a daily basis. This article discusses the epidemiology, microbiology, clinical findings and management of animal bites infections.

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