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Follow-Up Household Survey In Sitapur District, Jayanti Tuladhar, R.B. Gupta, B.P. Thiagrajan, Tausif Alam Khan, Hemlata Sadhwani Jan 1998

Follow-Up Household Survey In Sitapur District, Jayanti Tuladhar, R.B. Gupta, B.P. Thiagrajan, Tausif Alam Khan, Hemlata Sadhwani

Reproductive Health

This follow-up household survey in Sitapur, India, was conducted with funding from USAID under the Population Council's Asia and Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) Project. The main objective of the study, as noted in this report, is to assess changes in the program indicators of family welfare activities, including some of the selected reproductive health indicators, from 1994–95 (before the method-specific targets were withdrawn) and 1997 (30 months after the targets were withdrawn). The study has the following immediate objectives: detect changes in family planning (FP) knowledge and use among currently married women in rural areas; …

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Observations From A Study Tour Of Bangladesh And Indonesia On Their Family Welfare Programme, M.E. Khan, Jayanti Tuladhar, R.B. Gupta, Ubaidur Rob, Meiwita B. Iskandar Jan 1998

Observations From A Study Tour Of Bangladesh And Indonesia On Their Family Welfare Programme, M.E. Khan, Jayanti Tuladhar, R.B. Gupta, Ubaidur Rob, Meiwita B. Iskandar

Reproductive Health

Bangladesh has a successful family planning (FP) program and has succeeded in bringing about a demographic transition at a much faster rate than many of its neighboring countries. The contraceptive prevalence rate in Bangladesh increased from 3 percent in 1971 to 45 percent in 1993, and the fertility rate decreased from 7.0 to 3.4 births per woman during the same period. This reflects the effort that the Government of Bangladesh, with the help of international agencies, has made to educate couples about FP and increase access and choice of contraceptive methods, even in remote areas. Another predominantly Muslim country that …

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Monitoring Of Macro-Level Family Planning Quality Of Care Indicators, Meiwita B. Iskandar Jan 1998

Monitoring Of Macro-Level Family Planning Quality Of Care Indicators, Meiwita B. Iskandar

Reproductive Health

The success of population development in Indonesia can be seen partly from success in reducing population growth. Population growth has declined from 2.32 percent (1971–80) to 1.98 percent (1980–90), and then to 1.66 percent (1990–95). The continued slowing of population growth is expected to bring expanded opportunities for economic development and improved quality of life. The success of family planning (FP) programs cannot be judged solely on reduction of population growth but should also be judged in terms of quality of care (QOC) and success in helping women achieve their reproductive goals. The Indonesian National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN) …

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Adolescent Reproductive Health: Booklet For Parents, Rieny H. Hardjono, Rashmi Pachauri Rajan Jan 1998

Adolescent Reproductive Health: Booklet For Parents, Rieny H. Hardjono, Rashmi Pachauri Rajan

Reproductive Health

In Indonesia, collaboration between the Center for Health Research, University of Indonesia, National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN), UNFPA Jakarta, and the Population Council resulted in production and distribution of two prototype modules as basic materials on reproductive health for families with school-age children and adolescents. An updated version for both parents and adolescents was published by BKKBN. The Population Council believed that international versions (in English) would be of value, as the gaps in information are similar worldwide with respect to topics covered by these modules. Youth are constantly thirsty for knowledge pertaining to their health, particularly their reproductive …

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Towards Safe Womanhood: Supporting Safe Motherhood Initiatives And Women's Participation In Development, Meiwita B. Iskandar Jan 1998

Towards Safe Womanhood: Supporting Safe Motherhood Initiatives And Women's Participation In Development, Meiwita B. Iskandar

Reproductive Health

Improvement in a woman’s quality of life is a prerequisite for development of human resources, because the quality of children’s physical and mental development is inextricably tied to the health and welfare of women as future mothers. If a mother is well protected during the pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period, the risk of illness and other problems in fetuses and newborn babies will be reduced. On the other hand, if a woman does not survive the pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period, her fetus or newborn will also be threatened. This paper provides a situation analysis of pregnant women, women in …

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Country Profile Of Women's Health And Development In Indonesia, Population Council Jan 1998

Country Profile Of Women's Health And Development In Indonesia, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The “Country Profile of Women’s Health and Development in Indonesia” contains a thorough review of the following: Geographical, Political, Socio-Demographic, and Economic Profile of Indonesia; Status of Women; and Women’s Health Status. In view of the complexity of the problems facing women, the document concludes that Indonesia needs a plan for the future with a gender perspective that prioritizes increased life expectancy, legal protection, and empowerment for women. To reach this goal, Indonesia started by ratifying the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and set it into law in 1984. This convention, together with …

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Technical Assistance To Enhance The Institutionalization Of Operations Research Within The Philippines Family Planning Program, Population Council Jan 1998

Technical Assistance To Enhance The Institutionalization Of Operations Research Within The Philippines Family Planning Program, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This technical assistance project supports the goal of the Asia Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) project of helping strengthen family planning (FP)/reproductive health (RH) operations research (OR) capabilities in the Philippines. During the extension period of the ANE OR/TA project, four OR studies were implemented in the Philippines dealing with cross-cutting issues, including a study to assess the feasibility of integrating RTI management within FP/MCH programs; an intervention study dealing with improving quality of care via expanded FP counseling; an intervention to address high unmet need in Pangasinan Province; and an intervention study to increase male …

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The Life Saver: The Mother Friendly Movement In Indonesia, Abdullah Cholil, Meiwita B. Iskandar, Rosalia Sciortino Jan 1998

The Life Saver: The Mother Friendly Movement In Indonesia, Abdullah Cholil, Meiwita B. Iskandar, Rosalia Sciortino

Reproductive Health

The focus of this book is the Mother Friendly Movement in Indonesia, a collective effort to reduce maternal mortality. The idea of documenting the Mother Friendly Movement or Gerekan Sayang Ibu (GSI) was originally suggested by Her Excellency Mien Sugandhi, the State Minister for the Role of Women, Republic of Indonesia, in the belief that the Indonesian experience in reducing maternal mortality would be relevant to other countries struggling with the same problem. The authors were entrusted with producing an illustrated monograph on the pilot projects implemented in eight districts from June to December 1997. Besides extensively monitoring these activities, …

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Male Involvement Through Reproductive Health Awareness In Bukidnon Province, The Philippines: An Intervention Study, Lita Palma-Sealza, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez Jan 1998

Male Involvement Through Reproductive Health Awareness In Bukidnon Province, The Philippines: An Intervention Study, Lita Palma-Sealza, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez

Reproductive Health

Recent years have been characterized by an increasing consensus that, in order to support women's goals and aspirations, health programs directed to the improvement of women's and children's health must consider men's perspectives. Although family planning (FP) is often viewed as the woman's responsibility, men have an important role in decisions of whether FP will be practiced and which method will be used. Even though gender relations in the Philippines are often characterized as being relatively egalitarian, there are several reasons for believing that male involvement in FP is highly relevant for this country. Studies indicate that not only are …

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Improving Quality Of Care In Fp/Rh Of Selected Communities Of Pangasinan Province: An Intervention Study, Zelda C. Zablan, Josefina V. Cabigon, Luzviminda Muego, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez Jan 1998

Improving Quality Of Care In Fp/Rh Of Selected Communities Of Pangasinan Province: An Intervention Study, Zelda C. Zablan, Josefina V. Cabigon, Luzviminda Muego, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez

Reproductive Health

This intervention study was designed to improve the quality of family planning (FP) services within the Integrated Family Planning and Maternal Health Program of the Pangasinan Population and Family Planning Program in the Philippines. It addresses high unmet need and studies the feasibility of enhancing quality of services by training service providers in fixed clinics and orienting outreach workers on the method of identifying women who have unmet need for FP. Four municipalities were chosen from the 47 municipalities comprising the province of Pangasinan and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Four indicators were used to match the chosen …

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Dual Protection In An Integrated Community-Based Program: A Case Study Of Tanzania Family Health/Ministry Of Health Project In Mbeya, Grace Mbekem, Jane Chege Jan 1998

Dual Protection In An Integrated Community-Based Program: A Case Study Of Tanzania Family Health/Ministry Of Health Project In Mbeya, Grace Mbekem, Jane Chege

Reproductive Health

One of the most pressing challenges for health programs in most sub-Saharan African countries is effectively addressing the increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Recent evidence suggests that controlling sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) through undertaking preventive measures, early diagnosis, and treatment significantly slows the spread of HIV/AIDS. In regard to STI/HIV, Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and Family Planning (FP) clients are described as “low risk” groups. However, in a number of sub-Saharan African countries, the reported levels of STDs are significantly high enough to justify use of limited resources to target this group for STD services. MCH/FP programs have begun to …

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Asia & Near East Operations Research And Technical Assistance Project Dissemination Strategy, July 1995–January 1998, Population Council Jan 1998

Asia & Near East Operations Research And Technical Assistance Project Dissemination Strategy, July 1995–January 1998, Population Council

Reproductive Health

During the first phase of the ANE OR/TA project (1990–95), 55 studies and 23 workshops were conducted in 9 countries. In support of this effort, a dissemination strategy was produced that guided the communications activities of the first phase. Regional communications officers were hired in New Delhi and Cairo, and the project began to systematically address its objectives of communicating the findings of all studies to a diverse array of audiences within each country, subregion, and internationally. Several activities were undertaken to create a coherent and unified framework for disseminating the results of studies and informing audiences of recent project …

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African American Student Code-Switching In Freshman English Composition, Melanie A. Lewis Jan 1998

African American Student Code-Switching In Freshman English Composition, Melanie A. Lewis

Master's Theses

Digitized thesis

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Rules Of Faith And Rules Of Method : English Bible As Postmodern Biblical Criticism, John Darwin Wadhams May 1997

Rules Of Faith And Rules Of Method : English Bible As Postmodern Biblical Criticism, John Darwin Wadhams

ATS Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Prospects For Fertility Decline And Implications For Population Growth In South Asia, John Bongaarts, Sajeda Amin Jan 1997

Prospects For Fertility Decline And Implications For Population Growth In South Asia, John Bongaarts, Sajeda Amin

Policy Research Division working papers

Fertility transitions are now well underway in India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, and these countries are expected to reach replacement fertility within the next two decades. While high fertility still prevails in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nepal, these countries are also expected to complete their fertility transitions in the next three or four decades. Despite these encouraging trends in fertility, the populations of all countries in the region are expected to grow substantially, with increases ranging from 50 percent in Sri Lanka to 212 percent in Afghanistan. The long-range trajectory of population growth is very sensitive to minor deviations from the …

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Counseling The Husbands Of Postabortion Patients In Egypt: Effects On Husband Involvement, Patient Recovery And Contraceptive Use, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Dale Huntington, Ezzeldin Osman Hassan, Hala Youssef, Laila Nawar Jan 1997

Counseling The Husbands Of Postabortion Patients In Egypt: Effects On Husband Involvement, Patient Recovery And Contraceptive Use, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Dale Huntington, Ezzeldin Osman Hassan, Hala Youssef, Laila Nawar

Reproductive Health

An ANE OR/TA Project qualitative study conducted in 1995 probed into women’s perceptions of abortion in Egypt, and the stress that postabortion patients experience during recovery. That study drew attention to the important role husbands can play in their wives’ recovery and subsequent use of contraception. This study was designed to test the effects of involving husbands in the postabortion medical-care process. Overall, the study indicates that providing counseling to husbands of postabortion patients is feasible, as the majority of husbands either accompanied their wife on admission or at discharge from the hospital. However, administrative changes are needed to enhance …

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Hispanic Immigration And Spanish Maintenance As Indirect Measures Of Ethnicity: Reality And Perceptions, Shaw N. Gynan Jan 1997

Hispanic Immigration And Spanish Maintenance As Indirect Measures Of Ethnicity: Reality And Perceptions, Shaw N. Gynan

Ethnic Studies Review

Many supporters of official English have accused U.S. Hispanics of refusing to learn English and rejecting the traditional assimilationist model by clinging to their ethnolinguistic identity. An analysis of U.S. Census data from the last thirty years refutes these claims. The picture of U.S. Hispanic maintenance of ethnolinguistic identity has evolved. Here we show that while adult Spanish loyalty has decreased, youth Spanish loyalty has increased; however, Spanish maintenance does not occur at the expense of English proficiency. Once recent immigrants are subtracted from the Hispanic population, U.S. Census figures show clearly that long-term limited English proficiency has decreased substantially. …

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Situation Analysis Of Lgu Health Centers For Integrating Rti Management Within The Philippines Fp/Mch Program, Jesus Encena, Carmeli Marie Chaves, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez Jan 1997

Situation Analysis Of Lgu Health Centers For Integrating Rti Management Within The Philippines Fp/Mch Program, Jesus Encena, Carmeli Marie Chaves, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez

Reproductive Health

A Situation Analysis (SA) was conducted in seven local government health centers as part of a larger project studying the feasibility of integrating RTI services within the existing Family Planning/Reproductive Health Program of the Department of Health (DOH). The SA was part of a series of baseline activities conducted by the Family Planning Operations Research and Training Project as part of its study on Integrating RTI Management in Local Government Unit Health Centers. It was conducted by Population Council, Manila, for the DOH. Participating health centers were located in a large and highly urbanized community, a medium-sized city, and two …

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Postabortion Care Services In Kenya: Baseline Findings Of An Operations Research Study, Julie Solo, Deborah L. Billings Jan 1997

Postabortion Care Services In Kenya: Baseline Findings Of An Operations Research Study, Julie Solo, Deborah L. Billings

Reproductive Health

In Kenya, as throughout the world, the health consequences of unsafe abortion for women of reproductive age are significant. Hospital-based studies in Nairobi have shown that unsafely induced abortion accounts for as much as 35 percent of pregnancy-related mortality and at least 50 percent of hospitals’ gynecological admissions. The concept of postabortion care (emergency treatment, postabortion family planning counseling and services, links between emergency abortion treatment services and comprehensive reproductive health care) has gained wide acceptance as one model of providing comprehensive care to women suffering from abortion complications. Integration of these three components is rarely found in public health …

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Study Of Adolescents: Dynamics Of Perception, Attitude, Knowledge And Use Of Reproductive Health Care, Syed Jahangeer Haider, Shamsun Nehar Saleh, Nahid Kamal, Alan Gray Jan 1997

Study Of Adolescents: Dynamics Of Perception, Attitude, Knowledge And Use Of Reproductive Health Care, Syed Jahangeer Haider, Shamsun Nehar Saleh, Nahid Kamal, Alan Gray

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Knowledge, perceptions, and behavior related to reproductive health (RH) and sexual matters underlie all the conditions that family planning/maternal and child health (FP/MCH) programs address, thus these are important issues for FP researchers, population policymakers, and service providers. To achieve significant levels of fertility or mortality declines, participation of adolescents in reproductive health programs, including FP/MCH, is essential. Studies focusing on sexuality and attitudes of adolescents on RH, and the interacting influences of family, community, and the social sector developmental programs (health, FP/MCH, education, women’s development) would give useful revelations. This report presents findings from a study that was designed …

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Reproductive Control In South Africa, Carol E. Kaufman Jan 1997

Reproductive Control In South Africa, Carol E. Kaufman

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The controversial state-sponsored family planning program officially began in South Africa in 1974. Although the government did not implement the program on a racial basis, the program was widely believed to be linked with white fears of growing black numbers, and was attacked by detractors as a program of social and political control. In spite of the hostile environment, black women’s use of services steadily increased. Using historical and anthropological evidence, this paper delineates the links between the social and political context of racial domination and individual fertility behavior. It argues that the quantitative ‘success’ of the family planning program …

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Transition To Adulthood Of Female Factory Workers: Some Evidence From Bangladesh, Sajeda Amin, Ian Diamond, Ruchira Tabassum Naved, Margaret Newby Jan 1997

Transition To Adulthood Of Female Factory Workers: Some Evidence From Bangladesh, Sajeda Amin, Ian Diamond, Ruchira Tabassum Naved, Margaret Newby

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The rapidly expanding sector of garment manufacturing for export is unusual for Bangladesh in that it employs young, unmarried women in large numbers. This paper examines data from a study on garment workers in Bangladesh to explore the implications of work for the early socialization of young women. For the first time young women are given an alternative to lives where they move directly from childhood into adulthood through early marriage and childbearing. Work creates a period of transition as contrasted with the abrupt assumption of adult roles at very young ages that marriage and childbearing mandate. It is argued …

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Absent And Problematic Men: Demographic Accounts Of Male Reproductive Roles, Margaret E. Greene, Ann E. Biddlecom Jan 1997

Absent And Problematic Men: Demographic Accounts Of Male Reproductive Roles, Margaret E. Greene, Ann E. Biddlecom

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Both men and women make important contributions to the production of children, yet demographic studies of fertility and family planning have tended to focus on women alone. This paper traces the development of demography’s emphasis on women and describes how the limitations of its theoretical approaches to reproduction and empirical neglect of men have been mutually reinforcing. The paper is structured around four aims: 1) to describe why men have had a relatively low profile as subjects in demographic research on reproduction; 2) to explain growing interest in studying men’s roles; 3) to evaluate existing research on men in developing …

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Population And Poverty: A Review And Restatement, Geoffrey Mcnicoll Jan 1997

Population And Poverty: A Review And Restatement, Geoffrey Mcnicoll

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Worldwide in the 1990s over one billion persons are estimated to have a purchasing power of below a dollar per day, the conventional demarcation of “absolute poverty.” Other dimensions of poverty, extending beyond income measures to encompass a person’s broader capabilities and social functioning, are less empirically accessible. Poverty is commonly thought to be associated with high fertility and rapid population growth (regionally, South Asia and Africa have the highest poverty rates), but that view finds little support in the extensive statistical research literature on population and poverty. However, a clear-cut depiction of such an institutionally contingent relationship is not …

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Schooling And The Experience Of Adolescents In Kenya, Ayorinde Ajayi, Wesley H. Clark, Annabel Erulkar, Karin Hyde, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Barbara Mensch, Cecilia Ndeti, Barry Ravitch, Elisabeth Masiga, Shiprah Gichaga Jan 1997

Schooling And The Experience Of Adolescents In Kenya, Ayorinde Ajayi, Wesley H. Clark, Annabel Erulkar, Karin Hyde, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Barbara Mensch, Cecilia Ndeti, Barry Ravitch, Elisabeth Masiga, Shiprah Gichaga

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Government of Kenya is committed to providing equal education opportunities to all of its citizens. As a result, there has been rapid development in education since independence to ensure that as many children as possible enroll in schools and complete their studies. This study was carried out primarily to get a holistic picture of the school environment for adolescents and other relevant factors that might interfere with the whole learning/teaching process. Special attention was paid to the education of girls and the factors that might lead to their dropping out of school. The study was conducted jointly by the …

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Empowering The Next Generation: Girls Of The Maqattam Garbage Settlement, Marie Assaad, Judith Bruce Jan 1997

Empowering The Next Generation: Girls Of The Maqattam Garbage Settlement, Marie Assaad, Judith Bruce

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of SEEDS explores the challenge of extending earning opportunities and access to valued social roles to young women in the garbage settlement of Maqattam, Egypt. This edition furthermore underscores the degree to which livelihood programs must confront the social circumstances—such as health, marriage, and cultural and family traditions—that play a major role in shaping girls' current and future economic prospects.

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Gender Differences In The Schooling Experiences Of Adolescents In Low-Income Countries: The Case Of Kenya, Barbara Mensch, Cynthia B. Lloyd Jan 1997

Gender Differences In The Schooling Experiences Of Adolescents In Low-Income Countries: The Case Of Kenya, Barbara Mensch, Cynthia B. Lloyd

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Little research on education in developing countries has focused on adolescent issues at the same time, despite the fact that a growing proportion of young people are spending some time in school during the phase of their lives between puberty and marriage, there is little research on schooling as a key dimension of the adolescent experience. This paper examines the school environment in Kenya and the potential ways it can help or hinder adolescents. We focus on gender differences with a view toward illuminating some of the factors that may present particular obstacles or opportunities for girls. The paper begins …

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Urbanization, Unemployment And Migration In Africa: Theory And Policy, Michael P. Todaro Jan 1997

Urbanization, Unemployment And Migration In Africa: Theory And Policy, Michael P. Todaro

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

During the past three decades, the cities of the developing world in general, and of Africa in particular, have witnessed a remarkable and in many ways unprecedented demographic growth spurt. Despite some slowdown in rates of increase in the past few years as a result of falling wages, contracting social services, and changing demographic trends, contemporary urban areas remain the growth poles of economic progress and the lightning rods of political and social unrest. Nowhere is this dilemma more visible nor the resulting problems more intractable than in the crowded cities of sub-Saharan Africa, where projections of urban population growth …

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The Youth Empowerment Project: Strengthening Ngo Management, Research And Service Delivery Capabilities In Botswana, Mercy Rapelesega, Naomi Rutenberg Jan 1997

The Youth Empowerment Project: Strengthening Ngo Management, Research And Service Delivery Capabilities In Botswana, Mercy Rapelesega, Naomi Rutenberg

Reproductive Health

In an expansion of its efforts to fight a growing HIV epidemic and high teenage pregnancy rates, the Government of Botswana is encouraging nongovernmental organizations (NG0s) to be more active in providing reproductive health (RH) services, and especially HIV/AIDS education and care, to adolescents. NG0s have the potential to assume a larger role as health and education providers as well as implement pilot projects that the public health sector could learn from to increase the availability and quality of RH services for youth. The Africa OR/TA Project II designed and implemented the Youth Empowerment Project (YEP) to assist youth-oriented NG0s …

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Integration Of Sti And Hiv/Aids With Mch-Fp Services: A Case Study Of The Busoga Diocese Family Life Education Program, Uganda, Joy Mukaire, Florence Kalikwani, Baker Ndugga Maggwa Jan 1997

Integration Of Sti And Hiv/Aids With Mch-Fp Services: A Case Study Of The Busoga Diocese Family Life Education Program, Uganda, Joy Mukaire, Florence Kalikwani, Baker Ndugga Maggwa

Reproductive Health

The Family Life Education Project (FLEP) was started in 1986 by the Busoga Diocese of the Anglican Church of Uganda with assistance from Pathfinder International. The project provides integrated MCH, FP, STD, and HIV/AIDS services to more than 500,000 individuals through 48 clinics and 162 trained village health workers (VHWs). Each clinic serves an estimated 11,000 people living in a sub-Parish. Each sub-Parish has a health subcommittee selected by the community that is responsible for hiring clinic staff, identifying VHWs, and mobilizing resources for clinic staff salaries. Data suggest that the program is reaching a large number of clients through …

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