Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Education

Discipline
Institution
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 691 - 720 of 28969

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Patient Education Following Acute Stroke And Transient Ischemic Attack, Elizabeth Amma Vincent Sep 2025

Patient Education Following Acute Stroke And Transient Ischemic Attack, Elizabeth Amma Vincent

Group: Nebraska Methodist College

Background: Stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), have an increasing impact on society through medical costs, low wages, and the burden on society and individuals. To prevent stroke or TIA reoccurrence, education needs to be accessible and presented in a way that gives patients the tools needed to make necessary lifestyle changes and recognize signs and symptoms of when to seek medical attention.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if providing an educational program on stroke and transient ischemic attack resulted in increased knowledge about the importance of adopting lifestyle behaviors following stroke or transient ischemic attack, …


Active Learning And Notetaking, Joshua Levine Sep 2025

Active Learning And Notetaking, Joshua Levine

Library Staff Online Writings

This past summer, when I attended my third AALL Conference, I signed up to review a program for the ALL-SIS newsletter. I agreed to report on “AI in Law Libraries: Discussing Ethical Considerations and a Way Forward.” I had attended numerous presentations over three years, but this was the first time I analyzed a program in depth. I needed to make detailed notes about what the participants said, as well as what questions were asked and how the speakers responded to them. Then, I had to synthesize my notes and turn them into an effective program review, about 500-700 words …


Synthesis Of Mindful Inspiration, Syncretism, And Unionism Yields The Mind Method For Alleviating Public School Teacher Burnout, Walt Durand Sep 2025

Synthesis Of Mindful Inspiration, Syncretism, And Unionism Yields The Mind Method For Alleviating Public School Teacher Burnout, Walt Durand

Mindfulness Studies Theses

Public school teachers face the risk of burnout. Mindfulness has been suggested for addressing the chronic stress that can lead to teacher burnout. However, criticisms have been raised regarding the sometimes problematic nature of mindfulness programs (MPs) for public school teachers. For example, MPs may be perceived as religious and therefore not appropriate for secular public schools. Additionally, MPs may not be designed with enough of an ethical framework and may not do enough to authentically help teachers address the systemic challenges they face. In response to these limitations, this paper suggests the synthesis of the following MP enhancements to …


"The One Bright Spot Where All Else Is Dark And Hopeless." Images Of Class, Race And Culture In Britain's Imperial Education System During The Nineteenth Century, Jeff Grooms Sep 2025

"The One Bright Spot Where All Else Is Dark And Hopeless." Images Of Class, Race And Culture In Britain's Imperial Education System During The Nineteenth Century, Jeff Grooms

The Ozark Historical Review

This paper outlines the ideologies that underpin the language of education, and the relationship between this language and educational policy in Britain and abroad. These topics illustrate that the abstraction of ‘civilization,’ and the themes of ‘darkness’ and ‘light’ that surround it, are an essential part of how nineteenth century sociocultural relations should be studied.


Implementing A Training Resource For Large-Scale Genomic Data Analysis In The All Of Us Researcher Workbench, Jasmine Baker, Erik Stricker, Julie Coleman, Shamika Ketkar, Taotao Tan, Ashley M Butler, Laterrica Williams, Latanya Hammonds-Odie, Debra Murray, Brendan Lee, Kim C Worley, Elizabeth G Atkinson Sep 2025

Implementing A Training Resource For Large-Scale Genomic Data Analysis In The All Of Us Researcher Workbench, Jasmine Baker, Erik Stricker, Julie Coleman, Shamika Ketkar, Taotao Tan, Ashley M Butler, Laterrica Williams, Latanya Hammonds-Odie, Debra Murray, Brendan Lee, Kim C Worley, Elizabeth G Atkinson

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

A lack of representation in genomic research and limited access to computational training create barriers for many researchers seeking to analyze large-scale genetic datasets. The All of Us Research Program provides an unprecedented opportunity to address these gaps by offering genomic data from a broad range of participants, but its impact depends on equipping researchers with the necessary skills to use it effectively. The All of Us Biomedical Researcher (BR) Scholars Program at Baylor College of Medicine aims to break down these barriers by providing early-career researchers with hands-on training in computational genomics through the All of Us Evenings with …


Enhancing The Care Of Patients With Bone And Joint Infections Through Educational Interventions, Neel B. Shah, Jessica Seidelman, Katherine Belden, Elizabeth Thottacherry, Allison Lastinger, Priya Nori, Ronald M. Beaulieu, Don Bambino Geno Tai Sep 2025

Enhancing The Care Of Patients With Bone And Joint Infections Through Educational Interventions, Neel B. Shah, Jessica Seidelman, Katherine Belden, Elizabeth Thottacherry, Allison Lastinger, Priya Nori, Ronald M. Beaulieu, Don Bambino Geno Tai

Division of Infectious Diseases and Environmental Medicine Faculty Papers

Musculoskeletal infections represent a significant proportion of the clinical workload for infectious diseases (ID) providers, often presenting complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Many providers may feel inadequately prepared to manage these conditions, which require a nuanced understanding of microbiology, musculoskeletal anatomy, surgical intervention, and orthopedic hardware. We implemented a pair of educational interventions including an online library of high-yield musculoskeletal ID literature and an educational podcast. © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.


The Degree Of Early Grade Supervisors' Practice Of Electronic Supervision In Jerash Governorate Schools In Light Of The Reading And Math Initiative From The Perspective Of School Principals And Early Grade Teachers, Mayson Ghatasheh, Ahmad Rathwan Sep 2025

The Degree Of Early Grade Supervisors' Practice Of Electronic Supervision In Jerash Governorate Schools In Light Of The Reading And Math Initiative From The Perspective Of School Principals And Early Grade Teachers, Mayson Ghatasheh, Ahmad Rathwan

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

The study aimed to reveal the degree of practicing electronic supervision by early grades supervisors in Jerash Governorate schools, considering the reading and mathematics initiative, from the perspective of school principals and early grades teachers. To achieve this aim, the descriptive correlational method was used, employing an electronic supervision questionnaire consisting of 25 items. The sample consisted of 325 principals and early grades teachers. The researchers distributed the electronic questionnaire randomly to the sample from schools of education in Jerash Governorate. The results indicated that the degree of electronic supervision practiced by early grades supervisors in light of the reading …


Evaluating The Performance Of The Faculty At Amman Arab University In Light Of 21st Century Skills From The Perspective Of Graduate Students, Mu'en Al-Nasraween, Jehad Al-Momani, Alhareth Abu Hussein Sep 2025

Evaluating The Performance Of The Faculty At Amman Arab University In Light Of 21st Century Skills From The Perspective Of Graduate Students, Mu'en Al-Nasraween, Jehad Al-Momani, Alhareth Abu Hussein

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to assess the performance of faculty members at Amman Arab University in light of 21st-century skills from the perspective of graduate students. The study sample consisted of 364 students at Amman Arab University during the first semester (2019-2020). The results indicated that the overall assessment of faculty performance was moderate. The findings also showed a lack of significant differences attributable to gender. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found in the means of the "scientific and professional features" dimension. However, a significant bilateral interaction effect was observed between gender and college, with male students in the Business …


The Role Of Secondary School Principals In Ajloun Governorate In Strengthening Citizenship Values Among Students From Teacher's Perspective, Khetam Bani Ahmad, Abdel Hakeem Hijazi Sep 2025

The Role Of Secondary School Principals In Ajloun Governorate In Strengthening Citizenship Values Among Students From Teacher's Perspective, Khetam Bani Ahmad, Abdel Hakeem Hijazi

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

The study aimed to identify the role of secondary school principals in Ajloun Governorate in strengthening citizenship values among students from the perspectives of teachers. The study included all teachers in Ajloun Governorate. The sample consisted of 273 teachers, who were selected using a simple random sampling method. To achieve the study's objectives, the researchers prepared a questionnaire comprising 37 questions. The results indicated that the role of secondary school principals in Ajloun Governorate in strengthening citizenship values among students was at a medium level, with an average score of 3.56. Additionally, the findings revealed significant differences at the significance …


Item 4: Learning In Civic Spaces, Brian Macharg Sep 2025

Item 4: Learning In Civic Spaces, Brian Macharg

Brian MacHarg, Agree to Disagree: Thorny Questions and Civil Discourse

A collection of stories, poems and short films to help students think about the perplexities of learning and teaching in civic spaces, along with associated discussion questions.


Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Saugus, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán Sep 2025

Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Saugus, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán

Gastón Institute Publications

Established in 1989, the Massachusetts Legislature created the Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy in response to a need for an improved understanding of the Latino experience in the commonwealth. Now in its 34th year, the Gastón Institute continues its mission of informing the public and policymakers about issues vital to the state’s growing Latino community and providing information and analysis necessary for effective Latino participation in public policy development. To learn more about the Gastón Institute, visit: www.umb.edu/gastoninstitute


Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Revere, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán Sep 2025

Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Revere, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán

Gastón Institute Publications

Established in 1989, the Massachusetts Legislature created the Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy in response to a need for an improved understanding of the Latino experience in the commonwealth. Now in its 34th year, the Gastón Institute continues its mission of informing the public and policymakers about issues vital to the state’s growing Latino community and providing information and analysis necessary for effective Latino participation in public policy development. To learn more about the Gastón Institute, visit: www.umb.edu/gastoninstitute


Quality Improvement Project The Role Of Targeted Education And Its Impact On Self-Efficacy And Cognitive Impairment Recognition Among Medical Assistants, Jicky Guzman Sep 2025

Quality Improvement Project The Role Of Targeted Education And Its Impact On Self-Efficacy And Cognitive Impairment Recognition Among Medical Assistants, Jicky Guzman

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Primary care teams develop lasting relationships with patients that can reveal subtle cognitive changes during routine visits (e.g., identity verification and brief mobility checks). Yet, cognitive decline often goes unnoticed and poorly documented, which can lead to delayed care. This quality improvement (QI) project addressed a gap in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), among frontline staff. It assessed whether an educational intervention could improve self-efficacy in recognizing early cognitive impairment, measured by the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Guided by Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory and Lewin’s change model, a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest study was conducted at …


Evaluation Of Achievement Change In Egypt Using Pirls Data, Harry Anthony Patrinos, Maciej Jakubowski, Tomasz Gajderowicz Sep 2025

Evaluation Of Achievement Change In Egypt Using Pirls Data, Harry Anthony Patrinos, Maciej Jakubowski, Tomasz Gajderowicz

Education Reform Faculty and Graduate Students Publications

This study analyzes Egypt's exceptional reading achievement gains during the COVID-19 school closures, a period when most countries experienced declines. Drawing on data from the 2016 and 2021 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), we find a 48-point improvement-equivalent to two years of learning-with notable gains among boys. Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and projected trend models, we confirm the significance of this rise. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition attributes only one-third of the improvement to observed factors. The study finds that Egypt's progress likely reflects systemic reforms, but more research is needed to confirm that.


Privately Provided Equitable Services Root Out Unconstitutional “Secular, Neutral, And Nonideological” Restrictions From Education Law, Nicole Stelle Garnett, Sean Tehan Sep 2025

Privately Provided Equitable Services Root Out Unconstitutional “Secular, Neutral, And Nonideological” Restrictions From Education Law, Nicole Stelle Garnett, Sean Tehan

Books

Manhattan Institute Issue Brief


Balancing Acts: Student Rights, Parental Authority, And State Interests In Modern Sex Education, Linda S. Anderson Sep 2025

Balancing Acts: Student Rights, Parental Authority, And State Interests In Modern Sex Education, Linda S. Anderson

Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review

The article explores the complex interplay between parental rights, state authority, and student interests in the context of sex education in American public schools. It highlights the ongoing tension between abstinence-only and comprehensive sex education approaches, emphasizing the need for a student-centric framework that balances the rights and responsibilities of all stakeholders. The current legal landscape is examined through historical development, seminal court decisions, and recent legislative trends. Empirical evidence is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of comprehensive sex education in promoting public health and supporting adolescents' development. The article advocates for a framework that incorporates student autonomy, age-appropriate content, …


Sustaining Progress—Investing In Adolescent Girls Amidst Global Challenges: Learnings From A Donor Roundtable, Coalition For Adolescent Girls, Akili Dada Sep 2025

Sustaining Progress—Investing In Adolescent Girls Amidst Global Challenges: Learnings From A Donor Roundtable, Coalition For Adolescent Girls, Akili Dada

Adolescents and Young People

The Coalition for Adolescent Girls (CAG), hosted by the Population Council, in collaboration with Akili Dada, convened a high-level donor roundtable on June 4, 2025. Against the backdrop of funding freezes, policy shifts, and widening global crises, this convening brought together funders, grassroots organizations, adolescent and youth leaders, and global experts, to reflect on emerging trends, lived experiences, and actions needed urgently to ensure adolescent girls remain at the center of global development priorities. This knowledge brief synthesizes key insights from the roundtable discussion. It underscores the critical need for long-term, flexible, and intersectional funding approaches that center adolescent girls …


Design And Implementation Of An Interdisciplinary Course: “Communicable Disease Control And Prevention – Ethics And Laws”, Pei-Chun Chan, Chi-Tai Fang, Yu-Wei Hsieh Sep 2025

Design And Implementation Of An Interdisciplinary Course: “Communicable Disease Control And Prevention – Ethics And Laws”, Pei-Chun Chan, Chi-Tai Fang, Yu-Wei Hsieh

Journal of Medical Education

This interdisciplinary course, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention: Ethics and Laws, brings together medical, legal, and public health perspectives to examine the ethical and regulatory challenges of infectious disease governance. Through lectures, case analyses, debates, and simulated public hearings, students–primarily from law, public health, medicine and social science–engage with issues such as isolation, quarantine, vaccination responsibilities, communicable diseases-related stigma, and broader health inequalities. The curriculum emphasizes translating academic knowledge into public reasoning and advocacy, using diverse outputs including oral presentations, debates, and infographic-based policy proposals. By engaging with legal professionals, judges, and aff ected communities, students broaden their perspectives beyond …


A Review Of The United States Global Surgery Program Landscape By Website Analysis, Lauren E Cox, Cassandra M D'Amico, Shriya Bhoothapuri, Joseph A Q Karam, Rachel W Davis, Mike M Mallah Sep 2025

A Review Of The United States Global Surgery Program Landscape By Website Analysis, Lauren E Cox, Cassandra M D'Amico, Shriya Bhoothapuri, Joseph A Q Karam, Rachel W Davis, Mike M Mallah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Over the past decade, since the 2015 Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) highlighted the global burden of disease attributable to a lack of safe surgical care, medical degree-granting institutions across the United States (US) have worked to increase engagement in global surgery. The research team aimed to analyze the current landscape and provide an overview of all US-based global surgery programs. It was predicted that most medical institutions in the US would not have established programs. For those with global surgery programs, their mission statements and demonstrated output were classified according to a list of five domains, including …


Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Newton, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán Sep 2025

Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Newton, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán

Gastón Institute Publications

Established in 1989, the Massachusetts Legislature created the Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy in response to a need for an improved understanding of the Latino experience in the commonwealth. Now in its 34th year, the Gastón Institute continues its mission of informing the public and policymakers about issues vital to the state’s growing Latino community and providing information and analysis necessary for effective Latino participation in public policy development. To learn more about the Gastón Institute, visit: www.umb.edu/gastoninstitute


Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Chelsea, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán Sep 2025

Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Chelsea, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán

Gastón Institute Publications

Established in 1989, the Massachusetts Legislature created the Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy in response to a need for an improved understanding of the Latino experience in the commonwealth. Now in its 34th year, the Gastón Institute continues its mission of informing the public and policymakers about issues vital to the state’s growing Latino community and providing information and analysis necessary for effective Latino participation in public policy development. To learn more about the Gastón Institute, visit: www.umb.edu/gastoninstitute


Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Webster, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán Sep 2025

Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Webster, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán

Gastón Institute Publications

Established in 1989, the Massachusetts Legislature created the Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy in response to a need for an improved understanding of the Latino experience in the commonwealth. Now in its 34th year, the Gastón Institute continues its mission of informing the public and policymakers about issues vital to the state’s growing Latino community and providing information and analysis necessary for effective Latino participation in public policy development. To learn more about the Gastón Institute, visit: www.umb.edu/gastoninstitute


Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Lynn, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán Sep 2025

Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Lynn, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán

Gastón Institute Publications

Established in 1989, the Massachusetts Legislature created the Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy in response to a need for an improved understanding of the Latino experience in the commonwealth. Now in its 34th year, the Gastón Institute continues its mission of informing the public and policymakers about issues vital to the state’s growing Latino community and providing information and analysis necessary for effective Latino participation in public policy development. To learn more about the Gastón Institute, visit: www.umb.edu/gastoninstitute


Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Boston, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán Sep 2025

Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Boston, Phillip Granberry, Florita Coto Tristán

Gastón Institute Publications

The City of Boston Planning Department has found that Boston’s population was undercounted in the 2020 Census by as many as 25,000 people and that subsequent population estimates continue to understate the population.1 The Planning Department’s Research Division has developed a tool to display limited demographic data, but these population estimates are insufficient for purposes of this report.2 Therefore, this report uses 2019-2023 American Community Survey and may therefore undercount Boston’s population. Boston, the largest city in the Commonwealth, is home to an estimated 126,647 Latinos. This is the largest Latino population in the state, though other smaller cities (Lawrence, …


Promising Strategies For Impacting Youth Development Systems From Christian Summer Camps, Rachael Botting, Jacob Sorenson, Karen K. Melton, Rob Ribbe Dr. Sep 2025

Promising Strategies For Impacting Youth Development Systems From Christian Summer Camps, Rachael Botting, Jacob Sorenson, Karen K. Melton, Rob Ribbe Dr.

Journal of Youth Development

As research on summer camp continues to expand and both scholars and practitioners gain a better understanding of the impact of the experience, it has become important to explore how the experience of summer camp is connected to the larger ecology of youth development. This study explores strategies of Christian summer camps for impacting faith in the home through interviews with 20 Christian summer camp leaders across three faith-based camping organizations: Christian Camp and Conference Association (CCCA), Lutheran Outdoor Ministries (LOM), and United Methodist Camp and Retreat Ministries (UMCRM). Using semi-structured interviews and an appreciative inquiry approach, this study identified …


Good Vibrations: Folk Circles As Communication Environments, Missy Alexander Sep 2025

Good Vibrations: Folk Circles As Communication Environments, Missy Alexander

Proceedings of the New York State Communication Association

For over 25 years, I have participated in the creation of music and community through what are commonly called folk circles. Typically run as monthly gatherings, participants who range from complete beginners to seasoned pros, join together and share their favorite songs. These environments have clearly defined rules for participation (although rarely stated overtly), a strong ethos of mutual support, and frequently function as a path to friendships for people new to a community. This essay examines the folk circle as a communication environment and posits an explanation of why it is impervious to digital invasions.


Educator Perceptions Of Devops Teaching Recommendations And Their Alignment With Common Challenges, Marcelo Romulo Fernandes, Pablo Paiva, Samuel Lucas De Moura Ferino, Roberta Coelho, Christoph Treude, Eduardo Aranha, Uirá Kulesza Sep 2025

Educator Perceptions Of Devops Teaching Recommendations And Their Alignment With Common Challenges, Marcelo Romulo Fernandes, Pablo Paiva, Samuel Lucas De Moura Ferino, Roberta Coelho, Christoph Treude, Eduardo Aranha, Uirá Kulesza

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

DevOps education presents unique pedagogical challenges due to the diversity of tools, rapid technological change, and the multidisciplinary nature of the field. Although previous work has proposed recommendations to address these challenges, it is unclear how educators perceive these recommendations and whether they align with the challenges encountered in practice. In this paper, we present a quantitative and qualitative methods study involving 11 DevOps educators who interacted with Improve, a tool that presents a curated set of educational challenges and recommendations derived from previous literature. Educators indicated which recommendations they already use, which they intend to use, and which challenges …


Bridging The Gap: Harnessing Emerging Technology To Narrow The Academic Achievement Gaps Of Minority Students, Dionne Williams, Terence Vinson, Kristi Young, Danielle Williams, James R. Mixon Aug 2025

Bridging The Gap: Harnessing Emerging Technology To Narrow The Academic Achievement Gaps Of Minority Students, Dionne Williams, Terence Vinson, Kristi Young, Danielle Williams, James R. Mixon

The Journal of the Research Association of Minority Professors

The academic achievement gap of Black, Hispanic, and Native American students has historically lagged as it relates to Caucasian students. This work defines academic achievement as standardized test scores, graduation rates, and college completion rates. The persistent educational disparities faced by minority students remain a significant challenge for school systems. The integration of technology offers a promising solution to help narrow these academic achievement gaps and provide equitable learning opportunities. Technology offers educators the ability to utilize self-paced instructional programming, ensuring that the educational needs and deficiencies of minority students are addressed. This work explores how innovative technological tools, ranging …


Native Spaces: The Struggle For Colleges To Incorporate Native Frameworks Into Curriculums, Eleanor A. Gelb Aug 2025

Native Spaces: The Struggle For Colleges To Incorporate Native Frameworks Into Curriculums, Eleanor A. Gelb

Honors Scholar Theses

Out of the thousands of universities in America, there are only thirty-seven Native American Serving Nontribal Institutions (NASNTIs), schools with ten percent or more of the total student population being of Native American descent. While many typical American colleges offer courses on Native American history for students with Native American studies majors and minors, the students involved in these programs are often taught through the lens of traditional schooling, which negates the full effectiveness of these classes. Native leaders across the country are pushing for Native frameworks to be adopted by universities so that past and contemporary Native histories may …


Troubling Trigger Warnings: Toward An Informed Praxis Of Care Within Intercollegiate Forensics, Grace P. Smith, Mallory L. Marsh Aug 2025

Troubling Trigger Warnings: Toward An Informed Praxis Of Care Within Intercollegiate Forensics, Grace P. Smith, Mallory L. Marsh

Studies in Debate and Oratory

In light of widespread (mis)use of trigger warnings, content warnings, and content notes in intercollegiate competitive speech, in this essay we interrogate the implementation of these devices and propose an intervention to ensure the activity moves toward a better-informed praxis to accomplish its goal of community care. By identifying the activity’s current propensity for misused warnings, missed messages, a misrepresentation of safety, and misguided performances, our intervention aspires to ensure these important warnings are more thoughtfully employed so as to limit potential harm to our messages, our community members, our activity, and our collective educational aim toward advocacy.