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The Effect Of Driver Model To Teach Some Movements On The Pommel Horse Apparatus In The Art Of Gymnastics For Students, Thaer Talib Salman Khudair Jun 2026

The Effect Of Driver Model To Teach Some Movements On The Pommel Horse Apparatus In The Art Of Gymnastics For Students, Thaer Talib Salman Khudair

Modern Sport

This study aimed to examine the effect of the Driver Model on learning selected pommel horse skills in artistic gymnastics among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Basrah. The importance of the study lies in applying a constructivist instructional model that organizes learning steps, enhances motor understanding, and increases student engagement, which contributes to improving skill performance. The research problem was identified in students' difficulties in mastering pommel horse skills, frequent performance errors, and the inability to connect movement phases effectively due to reliance on traditional teaching methods.An experimental design with two …


Afakasi: An Ambiguous Space In A Monolithic Education System, Jacqueline F. Buckley Jun 2026

Afakasi: An Ambiguous Space In A Monolithic Education System, Jacqueline F. Buckley

Journal of Multicultural Affairs

Throughout American history, examinations of ethnicity have mainly focused on a binary of Black and White (White, 2007, p. 339). Little study has been conducted on the nation's ethnic minorities, including Arabs, Jews, Asians, Micronesians, Melanesians, and Polynesians. The White race has effectively become the nation's default race (Khoshneviss, 2018, p. 19). Furthermore, research on the experiences of individuals of mixed ethnicity, particularly in education, remains limited. This study will uncover the mixed-ethnic Afakasi (half Samoan and half White) experience of myself as an educator who lived through and taught within the American K-12 system, experiencing the status quo curriculum …


Covid-19'S Impact On Student Behavior In Rural-Urban Fringe Elementary Schools, Chanel V. Leslie Jun 2026

Covid-19'S Impact On Student Behavior In Rural-Urban Fringe Elementary Schools, Chanel V. Leslie

College of Education

This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on student behavior in rural-urban fringe schools in Northern Alabama. The qualitative narrative inquiry research centers the lived experiences of teachers from four different schools as they navigate and explain this shift during this time. Grounded in Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological systems theory, the study is guided by three research questions that address the changes in student behavior and classroom dynamics; teacher preparedness and the ability to manage post-pandemic behavioral challenges; and effective interventions and support strategies. This research offers further insight into the erosion of foundational social skills, widespread emotional dysregulation, and patterns …


The Courier, Summer 2026, Tennessee. Historical Commission. Jun 2026

The Courier, Summer 2026, Tennessee. Historical Commission.

Tennessee Historical Commission

No abstract provided.


The Relationship Between Musical Aptitude And Multiple Intelligences In High School Music Students, Rachel Connor Jun 2026

The Relationship Between Musical Aptitude And Multiple Intelligences In High School Music Students, Rachel Connor

Masters Theses

This quantitative correlational study examines the relationship between musical aptitude, measured by Edwin Gordon’s GIA assessments, and students’ predominant multiple intelligences (MIs), as defined by Howard Gardner. Although MI has been widely researched, little is known about how intelligence strengths relate specifically to musically adept students. High school music students at Fayetteville Christian School in Fayetteville, NC, were first assessed using the GIA to identify those demonstrating musical aptitude. Eligible students then completed the AMI R/ARCH Profile to determine their strongest MI. A correlational analysis examined whether specific intelligence strengths are commonly associated with musical aptitude. Grounded in Gardner’s MI …


Kin A487: Administration & Supervision In Kinesiology, T. J. Miller Jun 2026

Kin A487: Administration & Supervision In Kinesiology, T. J. Miller

Publications

Critiques and evaluates the technical, leadership, and supervisory skills necessary to safely and effectively administer kinesiology-related programs. Presents theoretical, practical, and research perspectives. Special Note: Community engagement & Interviews will be required.


Optimistic And Ambivalent Attitudes Toward Clinical Artificial Intelligence, Sevi̇l Uygun İli̇khan, Si̇nem Ülke, Mahmut Özer, Matjaž Perc, Yavuz Ayhan Jun 2026

Optimistic And Ambivalent Attitudes Toward Clinical Artificial Intelligence, Sevi̇l Uygun İli̇khan, Si̇nem Ülke, Mahmut Özer, Matjaž Perc, Yavuz Ayhan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into healthcare systems; however, healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding AI remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to evaluate healthcare professionals’ perceptions of AI in clinical practice.

Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 260 healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, and healthcare technicians working at a tertiary public hospital in Türkiye. Participants completed the Healthcare Professionals and Artificial Intelligence Questionnaire, which assessed demographic characteristics, AI knowledge, workplace AI use, attitudes toward AI applications, ethical and legal concerns, perceived professional impact, and educational needs.

Results: Most participants reported limited AI knowledge; …


Innovation Hubs In Mountain West Cities, 2025, Cason Noll, Sean Curry, Olivia K. Cheche, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr. Jun 2026

Innovation Hubs In Mountain West Cities, 2025, Cason Noll, Sean Curry, Olivia K. Cheche, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Economic Development & Workforce

This fact sheet presents data on 20 innovation-dense Mountain West cities across Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The CommercialCafe report, “Santa Clara, Berkeley & Tempe Lead Among Western Innovation Hubs,”  uses 15 indicators to rank 63 western cities for innovation hub activity across three categories: employment and talent, education, and business activity.


Bridging The Gap Towards Sustainable Development: A Systematic Literature Review On Orang Asli Communities In Peninsular Malaysia, Nurfatiha Akmal Fawwazah Abdullah-Fauzi, Nursyuhada Othman, Hidayah Haris, Nur Hartini Sariyati, Farah Farhana Ramli, Kaviarasu Munian, Mohd Faudzir Najmuddin, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah, Muhammad Abu Bakar Abdul-Latiff Jun 2026

Bridging The Gap Towards Sustainable Development: A Systematic Literature Review On Orang Asli Communities In Peninsular Malaysia, Nurfatiha Akmal Fawwazah Abdullah-Fauzi, Nursyuhada Othman, Hidayah Haris, Nur Hartini Sariyati, Farah Farhana Ramli, Kaviarasu Munian, Mohd Faudzir Najmuddin, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah, Muhammad Abu Bakar Abdul-Latiff

Forest and Society

Orang Asli communities in Peninsular Malaysia have a complex history marked by challenges related to land rights, environmental degradation, and cultural preservation. Despite ongoing efforts to address these challenges, significant obstacles persist, particularly in healthcare access and outcomes, education, language preservation, dietary practices, religious beliefs, and policy frameworks. This systematic literature review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of past and current research on various aspects of Orang Asli communities in Peninsular Malaysia. The primary goal is to uncover the trends of challenges and unique characteristics of the Orang Asli communities while offering valuable recommendations for improvement. The Preferred Reporting …


Evaluating Ergonomics Integration In Safety Curriculum Of Civil Engineering Programs In India, Vigneshkumar Chellappa Jun 2026

Evaluating Ergonomics Integration In Safety Curriculum Of Civil Engineering Programs In India, Vigneshkumar Chellappa

CIB Conferences

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent a persistent and significant challenge within the construction industry, contributing substantially to non-fatal injuries and long-term health issues among workers. Addressing this concern requires a workforce equipped with a robust understanding of ergonomics to implement effective MSD prevention strategies. However, the degree to which ergonomics principles are incorporated into the safety education curricula of civil engineering programs in India remains largely unexplored. This study evaluates the current integration of ergonomics into the safety curriculum of master-level civil engineering programs to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement. A comprehensive curriculum review was conducted across six ranked …


Illuminating The Role Of The Teacher In Democratic And Transformative Educational Approaches, Dane Stickney Jun 2026

Illuminating The Role Of The Teacher In Democratic And Transformative Educational Approaches, Dane Stickney

Democracy & Education

In a world that is growing increasingly politically divisive, it is hard to imagine school structure and leadership leading us to a more democratic and transformative future. Instead, teachers should take action themselves. This begins with seeing themselves as policy actors and rejecting both the neoliberal and far-right ideologies and the related scholar academic and socially efficient educational orientations. Educators should instead adopt a stance of social reconstruction, in which they examine with students the problems of society and socially dream of something better. To more deeply foster this sense of partnership between teacher and learner, educators should seek to …


Make Space, Take Space: Addressing Intersecting Power Differences To Move Toward Youth-Adult Solidarity. A Response To “Heavy On The Solidarity, Light On The Adultism: Adult Supports For Youth Activism”, Melanie Bertrand, Roba Godana Galgallo, Ashley D. Domínguez, Joonkil Ahn Jun 2026

Make Space, Take Space: Addressing Intersecting Power Differences To Move Toward Youth-Adult Solidarity. A Response To “Heavy On The Solidarity, Light On The Adultism: Adult Supports For Youth Activism”, Melanie Bertrand, Roba Godana Galgallo, Ashley D. Domínguez, Joonkil Ahn

Democracy & Education

This response to “Heavy on the Solidarity, Light on the Adultism: Adult Supports for Youth Activism” foregrounds the radical actions required to bridge intersecting power differences between youth and adults and engage in true solidarity. The original article proposes four actions that adults can take to foster solidarity with youth activists. We extend this proposal by demonstrating how these actions must be accompanied by role re-mediation and coconspiracy in order to move toward youth-adult solidarity. We draw on the actions of civil rights leader Ella Baker and our own experiences to show how both role re-mediation (adults making space for …


How To Educate When Deliberation Falls Short? A Response To “Affective Alignment And Hidden Conflicts: Political Emotions In Blended Spaces Of Democratic Education Classrooms”, Anniina Leiviskä, Veli-Mikko Kauppi Jun 2026

How To Educate When Deliberation Falls Short? A Response To “Affective Alignment And Hidden Conflicts: Political Emotions In Blended Spaces Of Democratic Education Classrooms”, Anniina Leiviskä, Veli-Mikko Kauppi

Democracy & Education

Here, we explore potential educational strategies in response to the problems of democratic education highlighted in the feature article’s case study. Drawing on deliberative democracy and Deweyan pragmatism, we contend that in settings marked by affective polarization, such as the school examined in the case study, direct conversation over contentious political topics may not be the most effective path toward meaningful educational outcomes. Instead, we propose two alternative approaches: first, fostering dialogue about the social norms that shape the conditions for political deliberation in the classroom; and second, encouraging collaborative inquiry among students who hold opposing perspectives. Both approaches aim …


Affective Alignment And Hidden Conflicts: Political Emotions In Blended Spaces Of Democratic Education Classrooms, Sonja Helkala Jun 2026

Affective Alignment And Hidden Conflicts: Political Emotions In Blended Spaces Of Democratic Education Classrooms, Sonja Helkala

Democracy & Education

The interaction between emotions and politics is evident in democratic education settings. This study contributes to the literature on the role of political emotions in democratic education by shedding light on the significance that the new digital and social media environments have for the manifestation of political emotions in educational contexts. In Finnish schools, political issues are incorporated into the curriculum, and political questions are addressed as part of democratic education and political identities are formed. However, there has been relatively little research on political emotions in schools. This article explores political emotions in democratic education practice through an empirical …


“Between Cultural Norms And Economic Survival: Navigating Egyptian Lower And Middle Income Women’S Challenges In The Informal Versus The Formal Work: “A Case Study From Cairo”, Rowan Mahmoud Abdelnazer Jun 2026

“Between Cultural Norms And Economic Survival: Navigating Egyptian Lower And Middle Income Women’S Challenges In The Informal Versus The Formal Work: “A Case Study From Cairo”, Rowan Mahmoud Abdelnazer

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates the ongoing gender inequities experienced by low and middle-income women in Egypt’s formal and informal labor economy, specifically it is based in Cairo. Although there are many advances made globally on women's rights, yet women still face great challenges such as discrepancies in salary, fewer leadership roles and cultural expectations which put child-bearing duties before professional growth. On the one hand, flexible work for women in developing countries is through informal sector, which makes them vulnerable and serves as a source of their exploitation and insecurity (e.g., lack of social security; workplace hazards), on the other hand, …


Making A Phrenological America: How The Science Of The Skull Influenced Reform Movements In The United States, Nathan C. Tamkin Jun 2026

Making A Phrenological America: How The Science Of The Skull Influenced Reform Movements In The United States, Nathan C. Tamkin

History Undergraduate Senior Theses

No abstract provided.


Support Designer’S Wellbeing: Understanding Resilience In Design Education As A Wicked Challenge, Yilin Quan, Matthew Isherwood, Ji Han Jun 2026

Support Designer’S Wellbeing: Understanding Resilience In Design Education As A Wicked Challenge, Yilin Quan, Matthew Isherwood, Ji Han

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design students are expected to engage with wicked problems as part of their learning. Since these problems have no definitive solutions, the learning process can be challenging and may negatively affect students’ wellbeing. Cultivating resilience becomes critical. Although the conceptualisation of designer resilience has gained attention, it remains underexplored. This paper proposes a new conceptual model of resilience in design education, suggesting two capacity clusters: one emphasising short-term recovery and balance restoration, and the other focusing on long-term sustained engagement. It further frames resilience cultivation in design education as a wicked problem in itself, characterised by the inherent complexity within …


Expanding Curriculum And Pedagogical Strategies In Architecture Education With Developments On Additive Manufacturing And Wood Composites, Carolina Manrique Hoyos, Randall Teal, Michael R. Maughan Jun 2026

Expanding Curriculum And Pedagogical Strategies In Architecture Education With Developments On Additive Manufacturing And Wood Composites, Carolina Manrique Hoyos, Randall Teal, Michael R. Maughan

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Faculty and students in our Architecture Department have been engaged as one of the four research teams in an interdisciplinary and interjurisdictional collaboration funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The overall goal of this research is to develop the science, technology, design, and educational frameworks focused on the utilization of wood waste to make 100% bio-based materials for the Advanced Housing Manufacturing Industry of the Future. The Architecture Cradle-to-Cradle Design Team (C2C) focused on: 1- developing design speculations and scenarios for wood composites and additive manufacturing architectural applications (research-by-design); 2- developing a customized assessment toolbox for determining performance benchmarks …


Course Portfolio: Elements Of Physics Phys 151, Evan A. Rich Jun 2026

Course Portfolio: Elements Of Physics Phys 151, Evan A. Rich

UNL Faculty Course Portfolios

This course portfolio documents the instructional design, teaching methods, and ongoing assessment efforts for PHYS 151: Elements of Physics, an algebra-based introductory physics course at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The course serves a broad undergraduate population, including architecture, construction management, and life science majors. The portfolio describes the teaching framework that integrates pre-lecture video preparation, active in-class engagement through iClicker questions, and collaborative weekly recitation sections, all unified around a structured six-step problem-solving approach. A central concern of the course is building students’ self-efficacy in physics, particularly among those with math anxiety or limited preparation. Two assessments are reported: a …


The Feasibility Of A Single Educational Intervention To Improve Caregiver Confidence In Stroke Rehabilitation, Angelica Fedorchak, Jennifer E. Lape Jun 2026

The Feasibility Of A Single Educational Intervention To Improve Caregiver Confidence In Stroke Rehabilitation, Angelica Fedorchak, Jennifer E. Lape

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Caregivers play a critical role in providing support to stroke survivors during recovery, but they often face emotional, physical, and educational challenges that can lead to caregiver burden and burnout. Despite the significant impact education can have on caregivers, rehabilitation professionals in inpatient rehabilitation settings often struggle to provide comprehensive training due to time constraints and strict productivity standards. This feasibility study aimed to evaluate whether an individualized one-time caregiver education session, integrated into the discharge planning process, could enhance caregiver confidence and whether the necessary education could be practically integrated into the existing staffing, reimbursement, and organizational structure …


“Thrown To The Fire”: Exploring The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Education And Self-Efficacy In New Graduate Physical Therapists, Michael Furtado, Gregory Brusola, Dana Wild Jun 2026

“Thrown To The Fire”: Exploring The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Education And Self-Efficacy In New Graduate Physical Therapists, Michael Furtado, Gregory Brusola, Dana Wild

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) education and practice, leading to emergency transitions to online learning and interruptions in clinical experiences across the United States. These disruptions raised concerns about their impact on new graduate DPTs' self-efficacy and professional readiness. The current issue addressed by this study is the effect of these disruptions on new graduate self-efficacy and confidence in their professional role. This mixed-method study aimed to assess the extent of clinical education disruption, evaluate its effects on self-efficacy, and explore the lived experiences of new graduate DPTs during the pandemic. Method: A survey …


An Exploration Of The Intersection Of Artificial Intelligence And Speech-Language Pathology -- Potential Impacts, Manish K. Rami Jun 2026

An Exploration Of The Intersection Of Artificial Intelligence And Speech-Language Pathology -- Potential Impacts, Manish K. Rami

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: This paper explores the potential impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the profession of Speech-Language Pathology (SLP). AI is widely recognized as a transformative force, presenting opportunities across both service delivery and professional practice in SLP. Method: The analysis employs the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's  Scope of Practice in Speech-Language Pathology as an organizing framework to systematically evaluate AI applications across professional and service delivery domains. Within each domain, the study identifies emerging use cases, evaluates the capacity for AI technologies to automate or augment clinical processes, and examines broader implications for the profession, with particular attention to anticipated changes …


Me3328 Buckling Lab, Willem Bitterolf, Samantha Flores, Jacy Gonsalves, Brooke Thompson Jun 2026

Me3328 Buckling Lab, Willem Bitterolf, Samantha Flores, Jacy Gonsalves, Brooke Thompson

Mechanical Engineering

The objective of this senior design project is to design and develop an instructional buckling apparatus (hereafter referred to as a “buckling tester”) to enhance student comprehension of column buckling behavior through direct experimental investigation. The apparatus is specifically intended to bridge the gap between theoretical predictions and observed physical response of structural column members subjected to axial compressive loading. In particular, the system will allow students to examine how column behavior transitions between Euler’s elastic buckling theory, which governs long, slender columns, and the Johnson parabolic formula, which more accurately describes intermediate and shorter columns influenced by material yielding. …


Disability Experiences Of University Students: An Interview Study, Cece Austin Jun 2026

Disability Experiences Of University Students: An Interview Study, Cece Austin

University Honors Theses

This thesis explores the experiences of college/university students with disabilities within the educational system. Using a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with students who identify as disabled or having disabilities in order to explore impacts of disability on their lives, with a focus on experiences navigating academic environments and accessing accommodations. Findings revealed two recurring themes: 1) the importance of both registered accommodations and accessibility efforts from faculty, and 2) difficulties with accommodations, internalized ableism, and disclosure. This research contributes to broader discussions on disability, inclusion, and educational equity by highlighting the lived experiences of students with disabilities …


Reducing Preoperative Anxiety In Patients Undergoing Gynecologic-Oncology-Related Surgeries, Iman Sean Lavine-Richardson May 2026

Reducing Preoperative Anxiety In Patients Undergoing Gynecologic-Oncology-Related Surgeries, Iman Sean Lavine-Richardson

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Elevated levels of preoperative anxiety are associated with adverse effects in the postoperative period. Evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of incorporating multimedia into preoperative education to alleviate preoperative anxiety. This project aims to decrease preoperative anxiety levels and increase satisfaction and feelings of preparedness in patients scheduled to undergo gynecologic-oncology-related procedures through the implementation of an evidence-based practice (EBP) informational video. The San Diego 8A’s EBP model was utilized to guide this project. Data was collected, anonymously, through online questionnaires which included the Anxiety Specific to Surgery Questionnaire (ASSQ) to assess anxiety levels and Likert-scale questions to assess satisfaction and feelings …


Leveraging Social Media Recruitment In Health Science Education: A Scoping Review, Crystalyn Richard, Natalie Nguyen, Luong Thien Nguyen, Alison Hansen May 2026

Leveraging Social Media Recruitment In Health Science Education: A Scoping Review, Crystalyn Richard, Natalie Nguyen, Luong Thien Nguyen, Alison Hansen

Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy

Background: Equitable recruitment practices are essential to the diversification of health science educational applicant pools. This scoping review aimed to understand the existing literature supporting the use and implementation of SM (SM) for recruitment in various health science educational programs. Methods: A comprehensive search utilizing the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) framework was used to collect and analyze existing articles. Keyword selection followed by an iterative process for article inclusion using Covidence application for article analysis and inclusion/exclusion. A thematic analysis method was employed to synthesize findings from the studies that met our inclusion criteria. Results: The initial keyword …


Generation Z And The Ai Misinformation Paradox: Understanding A New Digital Vulnerability, Cecilia Cooley, Elizabeth Sperber May 2026

Generation Z And The Ai Misinformation Paradox: Understanding A New Digital Vulnerability, Cecilia Cooley, Elizabeth Sperber

DU Undergraduate Research Journal Archive

This paper asks: How and why is Generation Z more vulnerable to AI-generated misinformation and disinformation than older generations? Using a comparative review of recent empirical studies, survey data, and meta-analyses from 2019–2025, this paper synthesizes research on Gen Z’s exposure to and interaction with AI-produced content across social media platforms. Although it is commonly assumed that Gen Z ’s technological exposure and fluency make them better equipped to recognize false information, findings show the opposite: Gen Z is consistently outperformed by older cohorts in detecting AI-generated falsehoods. This vulnerability stems from three intersecting factors: (1) the sheer volume of …


Implementation Of A Provider-Focused Multimodal Educational Initiative To Address Polypharmacy And High-Risk Medication Use In A Home And Community Medicare Advantage Setting, Jennifer Butler-Rickard, Kellie Olsen, Eileen Stuart-Shor, Craig Drew May 2026

Implementation Of A Provider-Focused Multimodal Educational Initiative To Address Polypharmacy And High-Risk Medication Use In A Home And Community Medicare Advantage Setting, Jennifer Butler-Rickard, Kellie Olsen, Eileen Stuart-Shor, Craig Drew

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

BACKGROUND: Community-dwelling adults are at risk for adverse drug events such as falls, hospitalizations, cognitive decline, drug-to-drug interactions, and mortality related to high-risk medication use and polypharmacy, often defined as concurrent use of five or more different medications. Lack of provider knowledge of polypharmacy and high-risk medication use as well as suboptimal communication with primary care providers can lead to gaps in medication management in this vulnerable population.

LOCAL PROBLEM: Patients seen by the Comprehensive Annual Health Assessment Program advanced practice clinicians (APCs) at the project Medicare Advantage insurer organization often experience polypharmacy. Given the lack of provider knowledge of …


The Impact Of Teacher Verbal And Nonverbal Communication On Student Motivation, Claire E. Haines May 2026

The Impact Of Teacher Verbal And Nonverbal Communication On Student Motivation, Claire E. Haines

Masters Theses

The classroom environment is one of vast areas of scholarly literature yet may levels of understanding classroom communication remain unexplored. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the lived student experience with how teacher communication impacts student motivation in general as well as intrinsic forms of communication. Data for this research was taken directly from student accounts of verbal and nonverbal interactions with teachers that impacted their motivation. One of the key findings of this research was the observed process that participants described through interviews. This observed three step process displayed how verbal and nonverbal communication were expressed to have …


A Causal-Comparative Study Of Student Enjoyment In Classical Private School, Non-Classical Private School, And Non-Classical Public School Social Studies Courses, Ginger B. Knapp May 2026

A Causal-Comparative Study Of Student Enjoyment In Classical Private School, Non-Classical Private School, And Non-Classical Public School Social Studies Courses, Ginger B. Knapp

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative design study was to investigate differences in the enjoyment of history/social studies as an academic subject among high school juniors and seniors educated in classical Christian private school, non-classical Christian private school, and non-classical public-school settings. The study is important because its measure of enjoyment is associated with teaching pedagogy or instructional methodology. Prior quantitative studies have associated achievement with standardized test scores, recommending that future studies explore the link between instructional methodology and achievement. This research study fills the literature gap by employing a sound psychometric measure of enjoyment to examine its associations …