Digital Commons Network^™

High Fat Diet Rich In Saturated Fatty Acids, But Not Monounsaturated Fatty Acids, Impairs Glycogen Preservation After Adiponectin Treatment, Cynthia Montenegro, Catalina De La Pena, Cesar Meza, Shaan Naughton, Anna Simcocks, Lannie O'Keefe, Deanne Skelly, Michael Mathai, Andrew Mcainch, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High fat diet (HFD) is associated with the progression of obesity, type 2 diabetes and diminished insulin sensitivity, which is characterized by a lower glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis capacity in skeletal muscle. Adiponectin (Ad), on the other hand, is a cytokine secreted by adipose tissue that promotes glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of Ad on skeletal muscle glycogen, GLUT 4, mitochondrial and lipid content in animals fed with a HFD but with alterations in dietary fatty acids (mixed fat western diet and predominately monounsaturated fatty acid). METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley …

Pilot Evaluation Of An Online Weight Management Programme, Shona Cawley, Stephen Farrell, Declan G. Byrne, Michael Turner, B. Clune, Daniel Mccartney

Articles

This intervention examined the efficacy of a six-week online weight loss programme. Students and staff of a third level institution (n=183) were recruited to the programme which provided individualised dietary advice for weight loss. Eighty-five participants (mean age 29.7 years, mean BMI 28.9kg/m2, 33% male) met the minimum inclusion criterion of logging on to the study website at least twice. All participants who completed the full six-week programme lost weight (n=31), with significant reductions in mean weight (2.8kg), BMI (0.9kg/m2) and waist circumference (4.1cm) observed between the start and end of the programme (all P5% of their bodyweight, with reductions …

Recent Advances In Preventing Stroke Recurrence, J. David Spence

Department of Medicine Publications

Recent advances in secondary stroke prevention include new evidence in hypertension, nutrition, anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, intracranial stenosis, percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale, and lipid-lowering therapy. Individualized therapy for hypertension based on phenotyping with plasma renin and aldosterone markedly improves blood pressure control in patients with resistant hypertension. A Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk of stroke by nearly half. The diagnosis and treatment of metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency, and B vitamins to lower homocysteine, can reduce the risk of stroke by approximately 30%. There are problems with clopidogrel that can be overcome by using ticagrelor, and new anticoagulant drugs …

Age And Sex-Specific Effect Of Caloric Restriction On Circadian Clock And Longevity-Associated Gene Expression, Arten Andreyevich Astafev

ETD Archive

The rhythms in the expression of circadian clock genes are affected by calorie restriction (CR), a dietary paradigm known to increase lifespan. In our current study, we show that circadian rhythms are influenced by sex and the effects of CR are different between males and females. In particular, we found a group of clock genes which showed a sex-dependent difference in expression, as well as in response to CR (Rev-Erb α, Ror γ and both Cryptochromes: Cry1 and Cry2 genes). Two clock genes showed no difference in expression but their response to CR showed sexual dimorphism (Ror α and Rev-Erb …

Impact Of Schoolchildren’S Involvement In The Design Process On The Effectiveness Of Healthy Food Promotion Materials, Christopher Gustafson, Bryce M. Abbey, Kate A. Heelan

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

Marketing techniques may improve children's vegetable consumption. However, student participation in the design of marketing materials may increase the material's salience, while also improving children's commitment and attitudes towards healthy eating.

The impact of student-led design of vegetable promotional materials on choice and consumption was investigated using 1614 observations of students' vegetable choice and plate waste in four public elementary schools in Kearney, Nebraska. Data were collected on children's vegetable choice and consumption in four comparison groups: 1) control; 2) students designed materials only; 3) students were exposed to promotional materials only; and 4) students designed materials that were then …

We Like Fried Things: Negotiating Health, Taste And Tradition Among Spanish Caribbean Communities In New York City, Melissa Fuster

Publications and Research

The study was conducted to understand fried-food (FF) consumption among Hispanic Caribbean (HC) communities in New York City. Data were collected through qualitative interviews with 23 adults self-identified as Cuban, Dominican, or Puerto Rican. Most informants considered FFs an important part of their traditional diet. Potential explanations included taste, cost, convenience, and the emotive values attached to FF. FF consumption was contextualized in local foodscapes. Results include strategies to diminish FF consumption and differences across HC groups and migratory generations. The relevance for future nutrition interventions addressing health disparities in this community is discussed

Comparison Of Environmental Supports To A Healthy Lifestyle On The Unh Campus With Student Behaviors, Mary Hammar

Honors Theses and Capstones

Background: Environmental factors play a large role in shaping diet and lifestyle behaviors. Creating a college campus environment conducive to healthy dietary choices and physical activity may promote student health.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore and describe the availability of environmental supports for a healthy lifestyle on the UNH campus and student behaviors.

Design: The Healthy Campus Environmental Audit (HCEA), a comprehensive tool developed by a USDA multi-state research team led by Syracuse University, was implemented to measure the availability of healthy options in dining establishments (n=12) and the adequacy of recreation facilities (n=3) and walking/biking …

Development And Validation Of An Adult Diet And Physical Activity Program In Primary Care Setting, Christiana Chinyere Keke-Ekekwe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity is a national health problem with serious medical, psychological, and economic outcomes. Nurses and nurse practitioners (NPs) are frequently the first point of patient contact and play an essential role in the management of obesity. The current literature noted that practitioners working in primary care settings demonstrate inadequate knowledge related to evidence based practice (EBP) strategies to treat obesity, including diet modification and physical activity. The purpose of this DNP project was to develop and validate an EBP provider educational module related to diet modification and physical activity education for adult patients diagnosed with obesity in a primary care …

An Analysis Of California Pharmacy And Medical Students' Dietary And Lifestyle Practices, Nathalie Bergeron, Sebastian Al-Saiegh, Eric J. Ip

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy

Objective. To assess dietary and lifestyle practices of pharmacy and medical students in California and investigate whether they adhered to behaviors consistent with current dietary and exercise guidelines.

Methods. The Block Brief 2000 Food Frequency Questionnaire and a supplemental survey assessing demographics, exercise, and dietary behaviors were administered to students across 10 California pharmacy and medical schools.

Results. While the majority of students consumed sodium/day (73%) and dietary cholesterol/day (84%), only 50% had a saturated fat intake ≤10% total kcal, 13% met fiber intake goals, 10% consumed ≥8 servings/day of fruit and vegetables, and 41% exercised ≥150 minutes/week. The largest …

Over-Provision Of Discretionary Foods At Childcare Dilutes The Nutritional Quality Of Diets For Children, Ruth M. Wallace, Leesa N. Costello, Amanda Devine

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The childcare setting can significantly influence the lifelong eating habits and health outcomes of children.It is ideal for health-promoting interventions that optimise the provision of nutritious food and nutrition education. Unfortunately, these interventions are neither offered nor promoted in many childcare settings. Recent studies have indicated an increased risk of overweight/obesity with childcare attendance, which if present in early life is associated with increased risk of chronic disease and reduced psychological wellbeing.

Regulation Of Core Body Temperature And The Immune System Determines Species Longevity, Ian J. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The anti-aging gene Sirtuin 1 has now major relevance to genetics and the fields of pharmacology, toxicology, neuroscience, immunology, biochemistry and cell/molecular biology. Advances in anti-aging therapy are now essential to prevent mitochondrial apoptosis to promote longevity with the prevention of accelerated ageing. Calorie restriction that maintains the anti-aging gens changes the core body temperature and promotes species longevity. Stress and calorie consumption are sensitive to Sirt 1 function with relevance heat shock protein 70 metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Sirt 1 regulation of the circadian rhythm mediates melatonin effects on core body temperature regulation and immune responses. Diet and fat …

The Benefits And Concerns Of Veganism In Women's Health, Elisa R. Hester

Senior Honors Theses

There are many health benefits of consuming a vegan diet. It is associated with a decreased incidence of obesity, cardiovascular disease, type two diabetes, and a variety of cancers. Despite its numerous benefits, there are several concerns for consumers of a vegan diet, including nutrient deficiency and cardiovascular risk associated with consumption of coconut oil. However, many nutrients of highest concern, such as calcium and protein, are not needed in as high amounts as is commonly believed and recommended. Moreover, it is possible for vegans to obtain adequate nutrition with proper education despite restriction of animal products. Coconut oil consumption …

Eating Your Feelings: The Relationship Between Core Affect And Food Choices, Kana V. Rolett

Honors Theses

The psychology of eating behavior is increasingly important given that more than one- third of Americans are obese, with 74% of men considered overweight or obese (Overweight and Obesity Statistics, 2012). This study examines the relationship between core affect and healthy food choices. Though previous research has examined relationships between specific emotions and eating behavior, little is known about core affect or about these relationships in more naturalistic settings (outside the lab). To evaluate the role of core affect in healthy food choices, a field study was conducted in the University of Richmond (UR) dining hall to measure UR students’ …

Cancer Incidence In Ireland—The Possible Role Of Diet, Nutrition And Lifestyle, Daniel Mccartney, Declan Byrne, Marie Cantwell, Michael Turner

Articles

Aim This observational ecological study aims to compare Ireland’s age-specific cancer incidence rates (ASRs) with equivalent European and global data and to highlight possible dietary, nutritional and lifestyle contributors to cancer in Ireland.

Subjects and methods Using the International Agency for Research on Cancer’s (IARC) GLOBOCAN database, Irish ASRs for all-site cancer and for "lifestyle-related" cancers such as those of the colo-rectum, oesophagus, breast, lung and prostate were compared with European and global incidence data. Irish dietary and nutrient intake data were reviewed and evaluated in the context of these cancer incidence data and in relation to the established dietary, …

Wellness And Multiple Sclerosis: The National Ms Society Establishes A Wellness Research Working Group And Research Priorities, Robert W. Motl, Ellen M. Mowry, Dawn M. Ehde, Nicholas G. Larocca, Kathy E. Smith, Kathleen Costello, Lynne Shinto, Alexander V. Ng, Amy B. Sullivan, Barbara Geisser, Kevin K. Mccully, Bo Fernhall, Malachy Bishop, Matthew Plow, Patrizia Casaccia, Nancy D. Chiaravalloti

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Background:

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have identified “wellness” and associated behaviors as a high priority based on “social media listening” undertaken by the National MS Society (i.e. the Society).

Objective:

The Society recently convened a group that consisted of researchers with experience in MS and wellness-related research, Society staff members, and an individual with MS for developing recommendations regarding a wellness research agenda.

Method:

The members of the group engaged in focal reviews and discussions involving the state of science within three approaches for promoting wellness in MS, namely diet, exercise, and emotional wellness.

Results:

That process informed a …

A Multi-Modal Approach To Sulforaphane-Mediated Chemoprevention Using The Epigenetic Network, Samantha Martin

All ETDs from UAB

Colon cancer is the third most common diagnosed cancer in both women and men in the United States. It is reported that dietary factors are responsible for 70-90% of colon cancer cases. While some investigators have observed a direct correlation in high fat diets and cancer initiation, other studies have observed opposite effects mediated by fruit and vegetable consumption. Recently, studies have highlighted the importance of Epigenetics as it modifies gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Notably, several nutritive compounds have been reported to alter epigenetic profiles in many cancer forms. SFN, an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables such …

Inflammatory Potential Of Diet And Pancreatic Cancer Risk: Interaction And Mediation Analysis In Two Prospective Cohorts, Jiali Zheng

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Inflammation plays a pivotal role in pancreatic cancer etiology and can be modulated by diet. We aimed to examine the association between inflammatory potential of diet, assessed with the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DIITM), and pancreatic cancer risk in two prospective cohorts, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial and the National Institutes of Health American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study. We explored effect modification by important inflammation-related lifestyle factors, and investigated whether type-2 diabetes mediated the association in a pooled analysis of both studies.

Methods: A total of 101,449 and …

Partner Influence In Diet And Exercise Behaviors: Testing Behavior Modeling, Social Control, And Normative Body Size, Brea Perry, Gabriele Ciciurkaite, Christy Freadreacea Brady, Justin Garcia

Sociology Faculty Publications

Previous research has documented social contagion in obesity and related health behaviors, but less is known about the social processes underlying these patterns. Focusing on married or cohabitating couples, we simultaneously explore three potential social mechanisms influencing obesity: normative body size, social control, and behavior modeling. We analyze the association between partner characteristics and the obesity-related health behaviors of focal respondents, comparing the effects of partners’ body type, partners’ attempts to manage respondents’ eating behaviors, and partners’ own health behaviors on respondents’ health behaviors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and fast food consumption). Data on 215 partners are extracted …

Connecting Culturally And Spiritually To Healthy Eating: A Community Assessment With Native Hawaiians, Mary Frances Oneha, Joan Dodgson, Mabel Ho`Oipo Decambra, Carol Titcomb, Rachelle Enos, Sandie Morimoto-Ching

Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal

Many of the chronic illnesses disproportionately experienced by Native Hawaiians are directly related to poor diets and long-standing obesity beginning in childhood. We report on the findings of in-depth key informant interviews (N = 14) that took place in two Native Hawaiian communities as part of a larger, community-based participatory research study that included a community assessment through individual interviews and focused group discussions, and a pilot intervention targeting pregnant women, their infants, and families. Four categories emerged from the qualitative analysis of interview transcripts that described an understanding of “healthy eating”: family roles and responsibilities, aspects of community …

Behavioural Mhealth In Developing Countries: What About Culture? / Andre Matthias Müller, A.M. Müller

Research Publications (2016 to 2020)

Behavioural health in many developing countries (Lachat et al., 2013) one could suggest to simply make use of infrastructure that is already available – the mobile technology infrastructure. This seems sensible considering that modern mobile technology has reached almost every person on our planet. Additionally, the digital divide between developed and developing countries is closing and in 2016 95% of the global population has access to a mobile phone network while the number of mobile broadband subscriptions grows rapidly especially in developing countries (International Telecommunication Union, 2016). Mobile technology ownership is also not limited to any specific demographic because it …

Sneaky Salt Contributes To High Blood Pressure, Rodney Richmond

Faculty Research ​and Publications

No abstract provided.

Dietary Effects On Behavior And Performance For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jacqueline A. Bartolai

Honors Capstones

With autism spectrum disorder (ASD) becoming more prevalent, the more we are understanding the manifestations correlated with this disorder; one of which being the dietary issues that are common with those with ASD. This is an important topic to discuss with those with ASD, parents and family members of someone with ASD, and medical providers. To further investigate this topic, this paper will highlight background information about what ASD is, what gastrointestinal issues those with ASD typically have, dietary approaches that are commonly used, and the role that nutrition and diet plays for occupational therapists helping to treat those with …

The Effect Of Cultural Beliefs And Customs On Nutritional Attitudes And Food Choices Of Alaska Natives Living With Chronic Diseases In The Anchorage Metropolitan Area, Sadie Anderson

Student Projects for Graduate Degrees

Alaska Native and American Indian people are heavily affected by chronic diseases such obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (Redwood, Lanier, Johnston, Asay, & Slattery, 2010). The presence or severity of many chronic diseases is directly correlated with the type of diet people consume. This study explored how culture influences the understanding of nutritional status and food choices of Alaska native people living in Anchorage, Alaska. Focus groups were held with Alaska Native adults who were living with a chronic disease. Open-ended questions were asked about the participants’ culture and food choices. Themes and subthemes emerged through data analysis using the …

Cricket Meal As An Alternative To Fishmeal In Diets For African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) / Norhidayah Mohd Taufek, Mohd Taufek Norhidayah

Student Works (2010-2019)

In Malaysia, extensive farming of African catfish over the past decades has increased the utilization of fishmeal as the preferred aquafeeds owing to its highly nutritional properties. However, various pressures have been put on the fish farming industry to switch to more sustainable diet in order to reduce the dependency on fishmeal as the sole fish feed. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to evaluate the potential of cricket in diets for African catfish in terms of growth performance, nutrient and amino acids digestibility, immunostimulant properties and susceptibility to oxidative stress. Four feeding trials were conducted to determine the …

Impact Of Different Fecal Processing Methods On Assessments Of Bacterial Diversity In The Human Intestine, Yu Hsin Hsieh, Courtney M. Peterson, Anne Raggio, Michael J. Keenan, Roy J. Martin, Eric Ravussin, Maria L. Marco

Faculty Publications

The intestinal microbiota are integral to understanding the relationships between nutrition and health. Therefore, fecal sampling and processing protocols for metagenomic surveys should be sufficiently robust, accurate, and reliable to identify the microorganisms present. We investigated the use of different fecal preparation methods on the bacterial community structures identified in human stools. Complete stools were collected from six healthy individuals and processed according to the following methods: (i) randomly sampled fresh stool, (ii) fresh stool homogenized in a blender for 2 min, (iii) randomly sampled frozen stool, and (iv) frozen stool homogenized in a blender for 2 min, or (v) …

The Effectiveness Of E-& Mhealth Interventions To Promote Physical Activity And Healthy Diets In Developing Countries: A Systematic Review, A.M. Müller, S. Alley, S. Schoeppe, C. Vandelanotte

Research Publications (2016 to 2020)

Background Promoting physical activity and healthy eating is important to combat the unprecedented rise in NCDs in many developing countries. Using modern information-and communication technologies to deliver physical activity and diet interventions is particularly promising considering the increased proliferation of such technologies in many developing countries. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of e-& mHealth interventions to promote physical activity and healthy diets in developing countries. Methods Major databases and grey literature sources were searched to retrieve studies that quantitatively examined the effectiveness of e-& mHealth interventions on physical activity and diet outcomes in developing …

Combining Intensive Counseling By Frontline Workers With A Nationwide Mass Media Campaign Has Large Differential Impacts On Complementary Feeding Practices But Not On Child Growth: Results Of A Cluster-Randomized Program Evaluation In Bangladesh, Purnima Menon, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Kuntal Kumar Saha, Adiba Khaled, Tina Sanghvi, Jean Baker, Kaosar Afsana, Raisul Haque, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Marie T. Ruel, Rahul Rawat

Faculty Publications

Background: Complementary feeding (CF) contributes to child growth and development, but few CF programs are delivered at scale. Alive & Thrive addressed this in Bangladesh through intensified interpersonal counseling (IPC), mass media (MM), and community mobilization (CM).

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the impact of providing IPC + MM + CM (intensive) compared with standard nutrition counseling + less intensive MM + CM (nonintensive) on CF practices and anthropometric measurements.

Methods: We used a cluster-randomized, nonblinded evaluation with cross-sectional surveys [n = ∼600 and 1090 children 6-23.9 mo and 24-47.9 mo/group, respectively, at baseline (2010) and n = ∼500 …

The Eating And Cooking Healthy (Teach) Kitchen: A Research Protocol, Sashia White, Roberto Alva-Ruiz, Lucia Chen, Jason Conger, Christopher Kuang, Cameron Murphy, Najeah Okashah, Eric Ollila, Selina A. Smith, Benjamin E. Ansa

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: Diet-related chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia have affected millions of individuals, resulting in disease-related complications and mortality. Strategies that may improve the outcome of chronic disease management include modification of lifestyle risk factors such as unhealthy diets. TEACH Kitchen is an experiential education program related to community nutrition, the goal of which is to teach patients management of chronic disease through dietary change.

Methods: Adults (n=144) ≥18 years old and their children (n=144) 7-17 years old will complete four 2-hour sessions. Components of each session will include brief nutrition education (20 min), an interactive cooking …

Total Diet Approach To Cancer Prevention: A Narrative Review Of The Literature Since 2011 Concerning The Association Of Colorectal Cancer And Meat Consumption, Krista E. King, Patricia M. Sheean

Nursing: School of Nursing Faculty Publications and Other Works

Diet serves as a primary prevention approach to reduce the global burden of cancer. In 2007, the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research published the Second Expert Report (SER) Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective outlining lifestyle recommendations for primary cancer prevention. Results support a strong link between red and processed meat and colorectal carcinogenesis. Findings from the Colorectal Cancer 2011 Report: Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer, a review conducted through the WCRF Continuous Update Project (CUP), strengthened the evidence and supported the …

Household, Psychosocial, And Individual-Level Factors Associated With Fruit, Vegetable, And Fiber Intake Among Low-Income Urban African American Youth., Angela Cristina Bizzotto Trude, Anna Yevgenyevna Kharmats, Kristen Marie Hurley, Elizabeth Anderson Steeves, Sameera A Talegawkar, Joel Gittelsohn

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity, one of the greatest challenges to public health, disproportionately affects low-income urban minority populations. Fruits and vegetables (FV) are nutrient dense foods that may be inversely associated with excessive weight gain. We aimed to identify the individual characteristic, psychosocial, and household factors influencing FV and fiber consumption in low-income African-American (AA) youth in Baltimore, MD.

METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of data collected from 285 low-income AA caregiver-youth (age range: 10-14 y) dyads participating in the baseline evaluation of the B'More Healthy Communities for Kids obesity prevention trial. The Kid's Block FFQ was used to estimate daily intakes of …