Digital Commons Network^™

Food For Thought: A Public Health Approach To The School Food Environment, Lori Andersen

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Childhood obesity is a critical public health issue with long-term implications for physical and mental health. Schools play a pivotal role in shaping children's dietary habits and physical activity levels. This research focuses on school-based interventions aimed at preventing obesity among children and adolescents. Specifically, it examines the impact of school lunch and breakfast programs on obesity rates. By analyzing these programs, we aim to identify effective strategies for promoting healthy eating habits and preventing obesity in the school environment.

Drug-Induced Nutrient Depletion, Rodney Richmond

Faculty Research ​and Publications

No abstract provided.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) Onset And "Remission"., Srikanth Tangelloju

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease condition. As the disease progresses the function of beta (β) cells (cells which regulate insulin) decline, thereby increasing the circulating blood glucose levels. If left unmanaged the disease progresses from onset to development of T2DM related complications and eventually death. When managed, in certain individuals, T2DM onset can be prevented and/or slowed down and in certain T2DM individuals, remission is observed. There are some known modifiable risk factors such as diet and physical activities that are associated with the speed and direction of progression, but much is still unknown. In …

Integrating Technology To Support And Maintain Glycemic Control In People With Diabetes, Adam Randall

Student Projects for Graduate Degrees

Type II diabetes is a chronic disease state that leads to increased morbidity and mortality and impacts the lives of millions of Americans. This quality improvement project explored the use of a free smartphone application, Glucose Buddy, in aiding people with Type II diabetes to achieve and maintain glycemic control. The project was conducted through the involvement of patients at the Creekside Family Health Clinic in Ketchikan, Alaska over a three month time period. Pre-intervention hemoglobin A1c (HA1c) was compared with post-intervention HA1c. The project, due to the small sample size and high withdraw rate, was not statistically significant. However, …

The Effect Of Moderate Consumption Of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners On Glucose Tolerance And Body Composition In Rats, Ashley Power Tovar

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Effect of Moderate Consumption Of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners On Glucose Tolerance And Body Composition In Rats

by Ashley Tovar

John C. Young, Ph.D., Examination Committee Chair Professor, Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Introduction: A comorbidity often seen with obesity is the development of impaired glucose tolerance. Abnormalities in the ability to metabolize glucose can lead to increased risk of developing pre-diabetes and if continued, diabetes mellitus type 2. To combat the effects of excess energy intake on obesity and glucose intolerance, low- energy and non-nutritive sweeteners have been introduced as a replacement for traditional sucrose and …

Health Literacy As A Moderator In The Relationship Between Diabetes Knowledge And Diabetes Outcomes, Jameshyia Ballard Thompson

Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to determine if health literacy was a moderator in the relationship between diabetes knowledge and diabetes outcomes, and explore the relationship between diabetes knowledge and health literacy. The target population included adults living in Mississippi with a diagnosis of diabetes at any point in life. A pilot study was performed to determine if the Functional Communicative Critical Health Literacy scales (FCCHL) and the Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy in Diabetes scale (SKILLD) were appropriate for use in a population of adults in Mississippi with a diagnosis of diabetes. Participants for the pilot study were …

A Framework For Measurement Error In Self-Reported Health Conditions, Ling Li, Perry Singleton

Center for Policy Research

This study develops and estimates a model of measurement error in self-reported health conditions. The model allows self-reports of a health condition to differ from a contemporaneous medical examination, prior medical records, or both. The model is estimated using a two-sample strategy, which combines survey data linked medical examination results and survey data linked to prior medical records. The study finds substantial inconsistencies between self-reported health, the medical record, and prior medical records. The study proposes alternative estimators for the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed conditions and estimates the bias that arises when using self-reported health conditions as explanatory variables.

Diabetic Retinopathy, Tara L. Smith

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster is intended to cultivate a better understanding of diabetic retinopathy, the pathological process of the disease, signs and symptoms, and nursing implications related to the disease.

Age- And Sex-Related Changes In Fasting Plasma Glucose And Lipoprotein In Cynomolgus Monkeys, Feng Yue, Guodong Zhang, Rongping Tang, Zhouquan Zhang, Liqiong Teng, Zhiming Zhang

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

Background: The age-related dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism has a long-standing relationship with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease. However, the effects of metabolic dysfunction on men and women are different. Reasons for these sex differences remains unclear. Cynomolgus monkeys have been used, in the past, for the study of human metabolic diseases due to their biologically proximity to humans. Nevertheless, few studies to date have focused on both age- and sex-related differences in glucose and lipid metabolism. The present study was designed to specifically address these questions by using a large cohort of cynomolgus monkeys (N = 1,399) including …

The Arg59trp Variant In Angptl8 (Betatrophin) Is Associated With Total And Hdl-Cholesterol In American Indians And Mexican Americans And Differentially Affects Cleavage Of Angptl3, Robert L. Hanson, Fatjon Leti, Darwin Tsinajinnie, Sayuko Kobes, Sobha Puppala, Joanne E. Curran, Laura Almasy, Donna M. Lehman, John Blangero, Ravi Duggirala, Johanna K. Distefano

School of Medicine Publications

We previously identified a locus linked to total cholesterol (TC) concentration in Pima Indians on chromosome 19p. To characterize this locus, we genotyped >2000 SNPs in 1838 Pimas and assessed association with log(TC). We observed evidence for association with log(TC) with rs2278426 (3.5% decrease/copy of the T allele; P=5.045×10(-6)) in the ANGPTL8 (angiopoietin-like 8) gene. We replicated this association in 2413 participants of the San Antonio Mexican American Family Study (SAMAFS: 2.0% decrease per copy of the T allele; P=0.005842). In a meta-analysis of the combined data, we found the strongest estimated effect with rs2278426 (P=2.563×10(-7)). The variant T allele …

Role Of Dde Exposure In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association With Biochemical Markers And Diabetes Prevalence, Antonio Bartholomew Ward

Theses and Dissertations

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and beta cell dysfunction. T2D prevalence has been increasing with not all clear causes identified, while the use of synthetic chemicals has risen. Because genetics can only explain a small percentage of disease development, more attention is being given to associations of environmental chemical exposure and disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests environmental exposure to organochlorine compounds (OC) including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its bioaccumulative metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is associated with T2D prevalence and is hypothesized to play a role in contributing to T2D. The purpose of this …

Zn(Ii), Cu(Ii), Sn(Ii), And Ni(Ii) And Other Metal Cations Do Not Prevent The Aggregation Of Hiapp, Charles Hoying

Honors Thesis

The Zn(II) metal ion has been shown to interact with Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP), a protein implicated in the progression of Type II Diabetes Mellitus, in such a way as to prevent the protein from aggregating into toxic fibers. We set out to find whether other metal ions might similarly prevent IAPP aggregation. Using Thioflavin T (ThT) spectroscopic assays, which measure fluorescence of ThT upon binding to aggregated IAPP, we observed a decrease in aggregation when incubated with Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Sn(II). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), which can visualize fibril formation, revealed that the metals were not inhibiting IAPP …

Cinnamon In The Treatment Of Type Ii Diabetes, Pauline J. Maddox

Graduate Research Projects

Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this review of literature is to evaluate the effects of cinnamon on hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose/fasting plasma glucose (FBG/FPG) in various populations such as type II diabetes, prediabetics, metabolic syndrome, and overweight or obese individuals.

Research Design and Methods

A comprehensive literature review was done with the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) database using the keywords, cinnamon, type II diabetes, diabetes, HbA1c, and FBS. References used in previous meta-analysis were also searched and reviewed for inclusion. Studies were included in this review if they evaluated cinnamon effects on …

Using The Des-28 Tool To Determine The Relationship Among Diabetes Self-Empowerment, Diet Quality, And Glycemic Control In A Southeastern United States African American Population, Makala Katuscak Smith

Graduate Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Transformed Escherichia Coli On The Mouse Intestine Microbiome: The Microbial Metabolic Enhancement Hypothesis, Bryar P. Kader

Senior Honors Theses

Metabolic disorders affect around thirty-four percent of the population in the United States. Among these disorders is lactose intolerance, which results from diminished production of the human lactase enzyme. This disorder and others like it are genetically determined and cannot be cured. However, the use of transformed bacteria implanted in the colon may provide a means by which the faulty pathway can be bypassed. To test whether transformed bacteria have the capability to aid in the digestion of normally indigestible compounds, a transformed strain of Escherichia coli overexpressing the beta-galactosidase enzyme encoded by the lacZ gene was colonized in the …

“Un Pueblo Tan Dulce”: Diabetes, Depression, And Obesity Syndemics In Puerto Rico, Shir Lerman

Doctoral Dissertations

Diabetes, depression, and obesity are global health crises that disproportionately affect people with low socioeconomic status and other marginalized identities. These diseases have high incidence and prevalence rates in Puerto Rico due to high poverty and unemployment rates, changing dietary patterns, and Puerto Rico’s political status as a U.S. commonwealth. The myriad problems on the island contribute to the flight of Puerto Ricans to the mainland in search of better education and employment; there are currently more Puerto Ricans living on the mainland than there are in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico’s political status is of particular importance, as it simultaneously …

Debridement Of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Public Health And Clinical Implications. A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, And Meta-Regression, David Dayya

Doctoral Dissertations

Background

Diabetic Foot ulceration has devastating complications. These include amputations resulting in poor quality of life, and serious infections including osteomyelitis and life threatening sepsis. Diabetic wounds can be protracted, take significant time to heal, and they can recur after they have healed. They can be very costly and consume healthcare resources. These consequences have serious public health and clinical implications. Debridement is often used as a standard of care in efforts to help avert these consequences. It is used to remove nonviable or necrotic tissue such as nonviable tissue in order to facilitate the wound healing process and help …

The Effect Of Reduced Carbohydrate Diet Education On Hemoglobin A1c In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Lauren Parker

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characteristically the result of modifiable risk factors, impacting the health and well being of all ethnic backgrounds across the lifespan. Research has indicated that despite the many risk factors associated with T2D, alterations in dietary macronutrient composition can lead to improvements in disease management and resultant complications. Therefore, the purpose of this evidence-based practice (EBP) project was to provide individuals with reduced carbohydrate (carb) diet education to promote greater glycemic control and reduce associated risk factors through macronutrient modification, specifically carb intake. An integration of the most current evidence obtained from the critically appraised literature …

Too Much Of A Good Thing? Overexertion Of Self-Control And Dietary Adherence In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes, Brooke N. Jenkins, Karen S. Rook, Raquel Borges-Garcia, Melissa M. Franks, Mary Ann Parris Stephens

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Objectives

The resource model of self‐control posits that self‐control is a finite resource that can be depleted. Individuals with diabetes must continually restrict their diet, requiring self‐control. As a result, dietary adherence is difficult, and lapses are common. People with diabetes who overexert self‐control following a lapse may be especially likely to experience a subsequent relapse, as suggested by the resource model. This investigation used the resource model of self‐control to test whether overexertion of dietary self‐control following a lapse would be predictive of a subsequent relapse in dietary control.

Design

We tested this prediction in a daily diary study …

Modelling Latent Variables For Bayesian Networks, Charles Cain

Undergraduate Research Symposium 2016

Bayesian Networks are networks of interconnected variables used to explain causal relationships with conditional probability. Latent variables or hidden variables are variables that cannot be directly measured, like depression or physical activity. They can be used inside of a Bayesian Network. This research looks at latent variables as a weighted sum of observed variables. We use these modeled latent variables as continuous variables in a Bayesian Network. As an example, we look at a Bayesian Network of the causation of diabetes using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) that is publicly available from the CDC and …

Exploring The Needs And Preferences For A Diabetes Self-Management Program In Hispanics Living In The Central Valley Of California, Emily Lane Kimble

Doctoral Projects

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an ever increasing threat to the health of people living in the United States, especially those of Hispanic ethnicity. This ethnic group is disproportionately afflicted with the chronic condition and is also more likely than non-Hispanic whites to suffer from serious complications of diabetes. This project examines this growing problem among Hispanics living in the Central Valley of California by exploring how best to structure diabetes self-management education in a network of community health centers.

The Social Cognitive Theory provides a theoretical basis for investigation into motivation for diabetes self-management. This needs assessment specifically explored …

Facilitators And Barriers To Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Among Rural African American Adults, Dina Byers, Katy Garth, Dana Manley, Diane Chlebowy

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers to self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among African American adults living in rural communities. Research indicates that African Americans experience higher rates of T2DM and diabetes-related complications than other ethnic groups. In Kentucky, diabetes is now the fourth leading cause of death by disease among African Americans.

Methods: Twenty-two African American adults with T2DM were recruited from three churches in rural communities in Kentucky. Three focus groups were conducted to identify factors that made managing diabetes easier (facilitators) and factors that made managing diabetes more …

Factors Influencing Physical Activity Among Older Women With Type 2 Diabetes, Sun Ju Chang

Biennial Convention (CONV)

Session presented on Saturday, November 7, 2015: Purpose: With the recent increase in the number of people aged 65 years and over in South Korea, the prevalence of chronic diseases and, hence, related medical costs have rapidly increased. 1 Diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among older adults. Approximately 20% of older women aged over 65 years were found to be diagnosed with diabetes in 2013 (Statistics Korea, 2013), and many older women with diabetes were determined to have uncontrolled diabetes. Since adherence to self-management behaviors such as physical activity is crucial to control blood glucose levels …

The Effects Of A Diabetes Support Group Among Underserved: A Feasibility Study, Patricia K. Gatlin, Jillian Inouye

Biennial Convention (CONV)

Background: Diabetes is a global health care problem with increasing number in all countries. Particularly, underserved diverse individuals in the United States are among the hardest hit by diabetes, having higher rates of diabetes and poorer outcomes (Black, 2002; Hu, Shi, Rane, Jinsheng, & Chen, 2014; Lanting, Joung, Mackenbach, Lamberts, & Bootsma, 2005; Mokdad et al., 2001; Saydah & Lochner, 2010; Wild, McKnight, McConnachie, & Lindsay, 2010). Good self-management can improve glucose control and improve diabetes complications. However, this can be challenging to achieve due to multiple factors among the underserved (Black, 2002; Hu et al., 2014; Lanting et al., …

Telehealth And Diabetes Self-Management, Amelia R. Malcom

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Session presented on Friday, July 24, 2015: Background: Diabetes self-management has always been an integral part of diabetes management and access to care for diabetics requires time and travel for patients in this rural county. Telehealth technology is a tool that can provide access to diabetic educators and nutritionists in this rural county. The Executive Summary: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes- 2013 lists diabetes self-management education, support, and a standard of care for all diabetics at the time of diagnosis and as needed thereafter. Effective self-management and quality of life are key outcomes of the DSME and should be …

Elderly Diabetic Patients' Attitudes And Beliefs About Health And Illness, Imatullah Akyar, Hatice Agrali

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Session presented on Friday, July 24, 2015:

Importance: For effective management of diabetes, it is important and crucial to understand the beliefs of older diabetic patients in relation to differences in living with the disease and facing the related problems.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the attitudes and beliefs about illness and health of older diabetic patients.

Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive study. Sample was calculated with power analysis (%90 power, 5% level of significance and 0.40 effect size) and included 70 diabetes patients aged 65 and older. Data was collected with Socio-Demographic …

Health And Psychosocial Outcomes Of A Telephonic Couples Behavior Change Intervention In Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Paula M. Trief, Lawrence Fisher, Jonathan G. Sandberg, Donald A. Cibula, Jacqueline Dimmock, Danielle M. Hessler, Patricia Forken, Ruth S. Weinstock

Faculty Publications

To compare glycemic control and secondary outcomes of a 4-month telephonic couples behavioral intervention to individual intervention, and to education, for adults with type 2 diabetes.

Liver And Other Gastrointestinal Cancers Are Frequent In Mexican Americans, Ariana L. Garza, Kristina Vatcheva, Jen-Jung Pan, Mohammad H. Rahbar, Michael Fallon, Joseph B. Mccormick, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Disease patterns in Mexican-American health-disparity populations differ from larger United States populations.

Aims

Determine frequency of gastrointestinal cancers in Mexican Americans.

Methods

We analyzed self-reported data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort where we find high rates of risk factors for cancer: obesity (48.5%), diabetes (30.7%). Participants provided cancer histories about themselves and first and second degree relatives. Logistic regression models assessed risk factors. Frequencies of cancer sites were ranked and validated using concurrent age local cancer registry data.

Results

Among 9,249 individuals (participants and their relatives) there were 1,184 individuals with reports of cancer. Among cohort participants under …

Β-Cell Adaptation To Elevated Palmitate Concentrations (Hyperlipidemia), Daniel R. Lathen, Jeffery S. Tessem Ph.D.

Student Works

It is estimated that over 370 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes, and this number is increasing rapidly. Normally, β-cells in the pancreas secrete insulin, which is necessary for proper glucose absorption and storage. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are characterized by decreased functional β-cell mass and insulin production, and increased circulating glucose and fatty acid levels. Diabetics’ pancreata maintain small amounts of functional β-cells, but these surviving cells are damaged and destroyed over time due to the harmful effects of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. These β-cells must adapt to survive. Hence, diabetes is itself a selective process. We …

Determining If C-Fos Protects Β-Cells From Apoptosis, Kyle Kener, Jeffery Tessem

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Diabetes, a disease characterized by the inability of the body to maintain a normal blood glucose level, continues to affect the lives of many. In both Type I and Type II diabetes, eventual β-cell destruction results in decreased β-cell mass. Regeneration of functional β-cells and protection of such, could help reverse the effects of this disease and could possibly lead to a cure. Many studies have been done to increase functioning β-cell mass, but protecting regenerated β-cells from further apoptotic insults could greatly increase the effectiveness of β-cell transplants and other future treatments of the disease.