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Human Activities And Global Environmental Changes: Implications For The People And Landscapes Of The Tibetan Plateau, Julia A. Klein

HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies

"This paper challenges the commonly held Western perception that the people and landscapes are similar across the entire Tibetan Plateau region..." Article abstract, p. 23

Correlation Between Atmospheric Co2 Concentration And Vegetation Greenness In North America: Co2 Fertilization Effect, C. Lim, Menas Kafatos, P. Megonigal

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The possibility that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are influencing plant growth in contemporary ecosystems has received little attention, and the studies that exist have been done on a small spatial scale. We correlated the monthly rate of relative change in normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) from advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data to the rate of change in atmospheric CO2 concentration during the natural vegetation growing season for evidence of a possible CO2 fertilization effect on vegetation development. The study addressed seasonal and annual patterns in spatially averaged NDVI for 3 different ecological regions in North America from 1982 …

Water Wrongs: Why Can’T We Get It Right The First Time?, David Getches

Publications

No abstract provided.

Legacy - December 2002 & July 2003, South Carolina Institute Of Archaeology And Anthropology--University Of South Carolina

SCIAA Magazine - Legacy & PastWatch

Contents:

Exploring Carolina-Africa Watercraft.....p. 1
Interim Director’s Notes.....p. 2
Avocational Project in Georgia.....p. 5
State Underwater Archaeology Manager Meeting.....p. 6
SCIAA Staff Recognized by National Preservation Award.....p. 7
New Changes in Underwater Law.....p. 7
Golden Spike Wreck.....p. 8
Le Prince Search Continues.....p. 10
International Handbook of Underwater Archaeology Available.....p. 13
Environmental Change on the Coastal Plain.....p. 14
Exploring Fort Moore.....p. 17
Upper Paleolithic in the Russian Far East.....p. 20
Allendale Paleoindian Expedition.....p. 22
South Carolina Paleoindian Point Recording Survey.....p. 30
The Patterson Site.....p. 30
Prehistoric Stone Tool Report.....p. 30
Petroglyph Survey Update.....p. 30
Excavations in Barbados.....p. 32
Completion of Gronauer …

Either/Or? Will Climate Change Force A Choice Between Salmon And Electricity In The Northwest?, John M. Volkman

Water, Climate and Uncertainty: Implications for Western Water Law, Policy, and Management (Summer Conference, June 11-13)

12 pages and 16 slides

Includes bibliographical references

"John M. Volkman, Partner, Stoel Rives LLP, Portland, Oregon"

Climate Change And The Rio Grande: Throwing Gasoline On A Fire, Denise Fort

Water, Climate and Uncertainty: Implications for Western Water Law, Policy, and Management (Summer Conference, June 11-13)

4 pages.

"Summary"

"Professor Denise Fort, University of New Mexico School of Law"

The Long Time Scales Of Human-Caused Climate Warming: Further Challenges For The Global Policy Process, Jerry D. Mahlman

Water, Climate and Uncertainty: Implications for Western Water Law, Policy, and Management (Summer Conference, June 11-13)

28 pages.

"Jerry D. Mahlman, Senior Research Fellow, National Center for Atmospheric Research"

"Presented at the Pew Center Workshop on The Timing of Climate Change Policies, The Westin Grand Hotel, Washington, DC, October 10-12, 2001"

"Cite As: Mahlman, J.D. 2001. The Long Time Scales of Human-Caused Climate Warming: Further Challenges for the Global Policy Process. Pew Center Workshop on the Timing of Climate Change Policies, October 10-12, Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Arlington, VA."

Agenda: Water, Climate And Uncertainty: Implications For Western Water Law, Policy, And Management, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center, United States. National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration, National Center For Atmospheric Research (U.S.), Western Water Assessment (Program), University Of Colorado Boulder. Cooperative Institute For Research In Environmental Sciences, Hydrosphere Resource Consultants, Colorado Foundation For Water Education, Bp North America

Water, Climate and Uncertainty: Implications for Western Water Law, Policy, and Management (Summer Conference, June 11-13)

The swollen creeks of Boulder, Colorado provided a fitting backdrop for the “Water, Climate and Uncertainty” conference at the Natural Resources Law Center of the University of Colorado in June 2003. Recognizing the importance of providing a forum for discussions between water managers, lawyers, policy makers, and scientists, Doug Kenney, the conference's organizer, assumed the responsibility of master of ceremonies, providing thoughtful transitions between speakers and sessions while throwing some humor into the mix. Under his direction, luminaries in the fields of science, law and policy engaged a wide range of issues related to the future of water management.

The …

Conference Guidebook: Water, Climate And Uncertainty: An Introduction To The Issues, Language, Literature And The Conference Materials, Doug Kenney

Water, Climate and Uncertainty: Implications for Western Water Law, Policy, and Management (Summer Conference, June 11-13)

20 pages.

"Prepared as a Supplement to: Water, Climate and Uncertainty: Implications for Western Water Law, Policy, and Management, Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado School of Law, June 11-13, 2003"

"Doug Kenney, Ph.D."

Includes bibliographical references

Contents:

Part I: What Are Climate Researchers Saying About Western Water? A Guide for Non-Scientists

Part II: What Should Climate Researchers Know About the Realm of Western Water Law, Policy and Management?

Part III: Where to Find Additional Information

Evidence For Survival Of Pleistocene Climatic Changes In Northern Refugia By The Land Snail Trochoidea Geyeri, David Posada, Markus Pfenninger, Frederic Magnin

Faculty Publications

The study of organisms with restricted dispersal abilities and presence in the fossil record is particularly adequate to understand the impact of climate changes on the distribution and genetic structure of species. Trochoidea geyeri (Soos 1926) is a land snail restricted to a patchy, insular distribution in Germany and France. Fossil evidence suggests that current populations of T. geyeri are relicts of a much more widespread distribution during more favourable climatic periods in the Pleistocene. Results: Phylogeographic analysis of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA and nuclear ITS-1 sequence variation was used to infer the history of the remnant populations of T. …

Crop Updates 2003 - Cereals, Graham Crosbie, Robert Loughman, Collin Wellings, Greg Shea, Simon Mckirdy, Neil C. Turner, Brenda Shackley, Wal Anderson, Darshan Sharma, Mohammad Amjad, Steve Penny Jr, Melanie Kupsch, Anne Smith, Veronika Reck, Pam Burgess, Glenda Smith, Elizabeth Tierney, Peter Burges, Moin U. Salam, Megan Collins, Art Diggle, Blakely Paynter, Roslyn J. Jettner, Kevin Young, Jocelyn Ball, Natasha Littlewood, Lucy Anderton, Irene Waters, Tim Setter, Jeff Russell, Reg Lance, Chengdao Li, Sue Broughton, Michael Jones, Grace Zawko, Keith Gregg, Stephen Loss, Frank Ripper, Ryan Guthrie, Daniel Bell, Patrick Gethin, Narelle Hill, Laurence Caeslake, Vivien Vanstone, Sean Kelly, Helen Hunter, Christopher R. Newman

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty one papers from different authors:

PLENARY

1. Recognising and responding to new market opportunities in the grains industry, Graham Crosbie, Manager, Grain Products Research, Crop Breeding, Plant Industries, Department of Agriculture

2. Stripe rust – where to now for the WA wheat industry? Robert Loughman¹, Colin Wellings² and Greg Shea¹¹Department of Agriculture, ²University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty (on secondment from NSW Agriculture)

3. Benefits of a Grains Biosecurity Plan, Dr Simon McKirdy, Plant Health Australia, Mr Greg Shea, Department of Agriculture

4. Can we improve …

Changes In The Timing Of High River Flows In New England Over The 20th Century, G. A. Hodgkins, R. W. Dudley, T. G. Huntington

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The annual timing of river flows is a good indicator of climate-related changes, or lack of changes, for rivers with long-term data that drain unregulated basins with stable land use. Changes in the timing of annual winter/spring (January 1 to May 31) and fall (October 1 to December 31) center of volume dates were analyzed for 27 rural, unregulated river gaging stations in New England, USA with an average of 68 years of record. The center of volume date is the date by which half of the total volume of water for a given period of time flows past a …

Understanding Climatic Impacts, Vulnerabilities, And Adaptation In The United States: Building A Capacity For Assessment, Edward A. Parson, Robert W. Corell, Eric J. Barron, Virginia Burkett, Anthony Janetos, Linda Joyce, Thomas R. Karl, Michael C. Maccracken, Jerry Melillo, M. Granger Morgan, David S. Schimel, Thomas Wilbanks

Articles

Based on the experience of the U.S. National Assessment, we propose a program of research and analysis to advance capability for assessment of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation options. We identify specific priorities for scientific research on the responses of ecological and socioeconomic systems to climate and other stresses; for improvement in the climatic inputs to impact assessments; and for further development of assessment methods to improve their practical utility to decision-makers. Finally, we propose a new institutional model for assessment, based principally on regional efforts that integrate observations, research, data, applications, and assessment on climate and linked environmental-change issues. …

Historical Changes In Mid-Water Stands Of Common Reed In The Winnebago Pool Lakes, Wisconsin, Anthony O. Gabriel, Leo R. Bodensteiner

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Despite the tolerance of common reed grass to environmental extremes, mid-water stands in the Winnebago pool lakes of central Wisconsin appear to be diminishing. Formerly occupying shoreline locations, water level manipulations subsequent to dam construction beginning in the 1850's have isolated reed stands off shore. These stands have persisted but casual observations indicate that stand size has been declining. To address this perception we obtained an approximately decadal series of aerial photographs dating back to 1937 for four stands in Lake Poygan. Annual records were available for 1986–94. Using image analysis software, we determined shape and size metrics. Changes in …

Potential Impact Of Global Warming On Tropical Tuna Habitat, Harilaos Loukos, Patrick Monfray, Laurent Bopp

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Recent studies suggest a reduction of primary production in the tropical oceans due to changes in oceanic circulation under global warming conditions caused by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. This might affect the productivity of higher trophic levels with potential consequences on marine resources such as tropical tuna. Here we combine the projections of up-to-date climate and ocean biogeochemical models with recent concepts of representation of fish habitat based on prey abundance and ambient temperature to gain some insight on the impact of climate change on skipjack tuna, the specie that dominates present day catches. For a 2xCO2 world, our results …

The Iclips Impacts Tool: Presenting Climate Impact Response Functions For Integrated Assessments Of Climate Change, Hans-Martin Fussel

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The ICLIPS model is an integrated assessment model of climate change that links global climate change with regional impacts and mitigation efforts by integrating components from different disciplines and various spatial scales. Its reduced–form impact module consists of climate impact response functions (CIRFs) that depict the regional sensitivity of selected climate–sensitive impact sectors to changes in important climatic and atmospheric drivers. In addition to enabling the specification of maximum “tolerable” impacts of climate change in a tolerable windows analysis with the ICLIPS model, the CIRFs are also a valuable information source in their own right. In this paper, I present …

Ecosystem As A Text: Semantic Analysis Of The Global Vegetation Pattern, Yuri Svirezhev

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Let us consider a text, which is written by Russian language. At the first level of reception we know only a number of letters. Then the information per one letter I1=5bits. At the second level of perception we take into account the frequencies of letters then I2=4.35bits. At the next levels, when we take into account double, triple, etc. correlations, we get I3=3.5bits, I4=3bits, etc. Then the redundancy of information at each level, Ri=1-Ii/I1, is equal to R1=0, R2=0.13, R3=0.3, R4=0.4, etc. By defining the cost of information as a degree of non-redundancy, Ci=1/(1-Ri) we get C1=1 C2=1.15, C3=1.43, C4=1.67, …

Antarctic Holocene Climate Change: A Benthic Foraminiferal Stable Isotope Record From Palmer Deep, Amelia E. Shevenell, James P. Kennett

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The first moderate‐ to high‐resolution Holocene marine stable isotope record from the nearshore Antarctic continental shelf (Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 1098B) suggests sensitivity of the western Antarctic Peninsula hydrography to westerly wind strength and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐like climate variability. Despite proximity to corrosive Antarctic water masses, sufficient CaCO₃ in Palmer Deep sediments exists to provide a high‐quality stable isotopic record (especially in the late Holocene). Coherence of benthic foraminifer δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C, sedimentologic, and CaCO₃ fluctuations suggests that rapid (years) Palmer Deep bottom water temperature fluctuations of 1°–1.5°C are associated with competitive interactions …

Canada And The Precautionary Principle/Approach In Ocean And Coastal Management: Wading And Wandering In Tricky Currents, David Vanderzwaag, Susanna Fuller, Ransom Myers

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

After reviewing the tricky nature of the precautionary principle/approach, such as confusion over terminology and the spectrum of precautionary measures available, the article through a four-part format describes Canadian initiatives and efforts to implement the precautionary principle/ approach in ocean and coastal management. First, Canada's general steps to adopt the precautionary principle are discussed including caselaw developments and the limited embracing of precaution in environmental impact assessment review and strategic planning processes. Second, the paper reviews Canada's efforts to address marine pollution-ocean dumping, land-based, vessel-source and seabed activities- in light of precaution. Third, Canadian experiences with implementing precaution in the …

Agenda: A Cartography Of Governance: Exploring The Province Of Environmental Ngos, University Of Colorado Boulder. School Of Law, University Of Colorado Boulder. Environmental Program, University Of Tulsa. National Energy-Environment Law & Policy Institute, University Of Colorado Boulder. United Government Of Graduate Students

A Cartography of Governance: Exploring the Province of Environmental NGOs (April 7-8)

Presented by: the Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy on April 7 & 8, 2001. Symposium director: Lakshman D. Guruswamy.

Co-sponsored by: University of Colorado School of Law, University of Colorado Environmental Program, University of Tulsa National Energy-Environment Law and Policy Institute, University of Colorado United Government of Graduate Students.

The papers and edited proceedings of the conference will be published in a special symposium issue of the Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law & Policy (CJIELP).

"The first objective of the Symposium was to understand and explore the growing importance of nongovernmental actors, and delineate the manner …

Climate Change And Crises Of International Law: Possibilities For Geographic Reenvisioning, Hari M. Osofsky

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Racing The Rising Tide: Legal Options For The Marshall Islands, J. Chris Larson

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Note first describes the threat posed by accelerated sea-level rise. A review of scientific data shows that global warming causes ocean levels to rise and that RMI may need to be evacuated. The current diplomatic efforts to decrease global warming offer few assurances to RMI. In fact, the countries that have obligated themselves to reduce global warming are actually increasing emissions of gases that cause global warming.

Climate Change: The Next Dimension, Lakshman Guruswamy

Publications

No abstract provided.

Climate Change And Alaska's Forests: People, Problems, And Policies, Roger Burnside, Glenn Juday, Matthew Berman

ISER Reports

Forests cover over one-third of the total land area of Alaska, and forests border the communities in which about 90 percent of Alaska’s residents make their homes. Climate change has begun to affect the growth and condition of these forests (Juday et al. 1998). Plausible amounts of additional climate change would likely change both the extent and the character of Alaska’s forests (Juday et al. 1998). Alaska residents and public officials would face significant challenges in coping with hypothesized global change effects in its forests. Forest managers face the dilemma of being required to implement often irreversible plans that influence …

Climate Variations And Tree Growth Between 1961 And 1995 In Austria, Hubert Hasenauer, Ramakrishna R. Nemani, Klemens Schadauer, Steven W. Running

Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group Publications

Using climate records from 20 weather stations, we investigated the changes in temperature, rainfall, and length of the growing season between 1961 and 1995. To establish a link between changes in climate and tree growth, we analyzed radial increment rates from tree rings over the same period. Our results indicate: (1) no change in precipitation over the period; (2) a highly significant increase (ct=0.01) in average annual temperature (1.13°C), minimum temperature (1.23°C), winter temperature (2.70° C) as well as a significant (a=0.05) increase in the length of the growing season (14 days) since 1961. For the early 1990s, lower radial …

Beyond Backyard Environmentalism, Archon Fung, Charles F. Sabel, Bradley C. Karkkainen

Faculty Scholarship

From California habitats to Massachusetts toxics, the United States is in the midst of a fundamental reorientation of its environmental regulation, one that is as improbable as it is unremarked Minimally, the new forms of regulation promise to improve the quality of our environment At a maximum, they suggest a novel form of democracy that combines the virtues oflocalism and decentraliz.ation with the discipline of national coordination.

In substance and spirit, this new approach to regulation grows out of the tradition of backyard environmentalism. For two decades, residents of Woburn, Love Canal, and countless other communities across the country have …

Effects Of Land Cover, Water Redistribution, And Temperature On Ecosystem Processes In The South Platte Basin, Jill S. Baron, Melannie D. Hartman, Timothy G. F. Kittel, Larry E. Band, Dennis S. Ojima, Richard B. Lammers

Faculty Publications

Over one‐third of the land area in the South Platte Basin of Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming, has been converted to croplands. Irrigated cropland now comprises 8% of the basin, while dry croplands make up 31%. We used the RHESSys model to compare the changes in plant productivity and vegetation‐related hydrological processes that occurred as a result of either land cover alteration or directional temperature changes (−2°C, +4°C). Land cover change exerted more control over annual plant productivity and water fluxes for converted grasslands, while the effect of temperature changes on productivity and water fluxes was stronger in the mountain vegetation. …

Environmental Variability Effects On Marine Fisheries: Four Case Histories, Eileen E. Hofmann, T. M. Powell

CCPO Publications

The changing nature of marine fisheries requires management approaches that recognize and include ecosystem and environmental effects. Therefore, we review some examples of exploited fishery stocks in which environmental control is a major contributor to structuring the abundance and distribution of the stock. Four examples, taken from studies of northern cod (Gadus morhua), cod and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae, the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), are given that clearly illustrate environmental control on the fishery. From these examples, we argue that future management strategies for exploited fisheries must include effects of environmental variability. In particular, management …

Free Lunch Or Cheap Fix?: The Emissions Trading Idea And The Climate Change Convention, David M. Driesen

College of Law - Faculty Scholarship

Emissions trading has become a key component of U.S. environmental legal regimes. The U.S. has successfully lobbied to make international environmental benefit trading, an expanded form of emissions trading, a part of international efforts to address the threat of global climate change through the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to that Convention. Legal scholars have lauded emissions trading as a "free lunch" that will encourage innovation, enhance democratic accountability, and reduce the cost of environmental cleanup. This article argues that emissions trading functions as a cheap fix, reducing short-term costs while tending to lessen innovation and …

Iowa's Declining Flora And Fauna: A Review Of Changes Since 1980 And An Outlook For The Future, Neil P. Bernstein

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The status of Iowa's biodiversity was first summarized at a 1980 Iowa Academy of Science (IAS) symposium that was published in The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science (Vol. 88, No. 1) in 1981. The 1980 symposium was updated in a recent IAS symposium, and the proceedings from this symposium are published, for the most part, in volume 105 of this journal. Most of the authors noted some positive trends, but, overall, species declines and habitat destruction remained a concern.