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Drawing Lines In The Sand: Armed Conflict, Climate Damage And Setbacks To Climate Action, Beatrice L. Hamilton

Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law

Armed conflicts have a significant and detrimental effect on the climate system, with considerable implications for efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change and the civilian population. Yet the environmental provisions under the law of armed conflict (LOAC), drafted some half a century ago, struggle to adequately address these concerns. This article assesses the capacity of LOAC to address conflict-driven climate damage and its cascading impacts by characterizing these harms as environmental damage and as injury to civilians. The analysis highlights opportunities for broadening LOA C's scope and offers recommendations to enhance its capacity to address climate damage and …

Climate Change Fairy Tales (Complete Collection And Epub), St. Mary's University

Climate Change

This is the complete collection of fairy tales in one download

What Do We Know About Insect Responses To Global Change? A Review Of Meta-Analyses On Global Change Drivers, Mayra C. Vidal, Mariana Abarca, Kristi Backe, Anne E. Curé, Deborah L. Finke, Amanda M. Koltz, Alycia C.R. Lackey, J. Christina Mitchell, Rebecca M. Prather, Ellen A.R. Welti, Gina M. Wimp, Shannon M. Murphy

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

1. Global change is causing major declines in biodiversity, especially of insects. Scientific interest in global change impacts on insects has increased in recent years, resulting in many different meta-analyses examining questions within this topic.

2. We performed a comprehensive review of meta-analyses examining the effects of global change stressors on insects to identify well-studied questions and gaps in our knowledge and synthesise the responses of insects to those stressors. We identified 75 meta-analyses that fit our scope, accounting for 905 meta-results and spanning 18 global change stressors.

3. Our synthesis identified several global change stressors that are relatively well-studied …

Wildfire Smoke And U.S. Law, Michael B. Gerrard

Faculty Scholarship

Many of the most wicked feedback effects of climate change relate to wildfire smoke. In some places the greenhouse gases poured into the atmosphere by wildfires exceed the reductions achieved by all efforts to fight climate change. At the same time, climate change is a major reason why wildfires are becoming more frequent and intense. Climate change and wildfires feed each other. However, environmental law and climate policy have paid relatively little attention to wildfires. The smoke from these fires — a major cause of illness and death, even thousands of miles from the blazes — is mostly unregulated. Efforts …

Investigating Appropriate Artificial Intelligence Approaches To Reliably Predict Coastal Wave Overtopping And Identify Process Contributions, Michael Mcglade, Nieves Valiente, Jennifer M. Brown, Christopher Stokes, Tim Poate

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Predicting coastal wave overtopping is a significant challenge, exacerbated by climate change, increasing the frequency of severe flooding and rising sea levels. Digital twin technologies, which utilise artificial intelligence to mimic coastal processes and dynamics, may offer new opportunities to predict coastal wave overtopping and flooding reliably and computationally efficiently. This study investigates the effectiveness of training various artificial intelligence models using wave buoy, meteorological, and recorded coastal wave overtopping observations to predict the occurrence and frequency of overtopping at 10-minute intervals. These models have the potential for future large-scale global applications in estimating wave overtopping and flood forecasting, particularly …

Impact Of Climate Change On The Diversity And Abundance Of Wintering Birds At A Northern African Wetland - Case Study Of Oglat Eddaira Wetland (Naama, Western Algeria), Ahmed Toufik Youcefi, Gouacem Ali, Litim Kouider, Haddi Leila, Messaoui Fatima

Journal of Bioresource Management

The Mediterranean regions have been classified as the areas of the world most susceptible to the effects of environmental change. These regions are sensitive to drought and rising temperatures and with heightened aridity in the next several years. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of climate change on the diversity and abundance of wintering birds in the Oglat Eddaira wetland located in western Algeria and classified in the Ramsar list. This study is based on the comparison between some indices of biodiversity: species richness, abundance, Shannon-Weiner and Simpson Index, during the period 2015 to 2024 and …

Contrasting Effects Of Climate Warming On Hosts And Parasitoids: Insights From Rocky Mountain Aspen Leaf Miners And Their Parasitoids, Alisha A. Shah, Emily Hamant, Juan G. Rubalcaba, Beau Larkin, Andrew A. Forbes, H. Arthur Woods

Aspen Bibliography

Because temperature has pervasive effects on biological rates, climate warming may alter the outcomes of interactions between insect hosts and their parasitoids, which, for many host species, constitute the single largest source of mortality. Despite growing interest in parasitoid-host responses due to climate change, there are few empirical tests of thermal tolerance differences between non-model lepidopteran hosts and their parasitoids and almost none from mountain ecosystems where warming is occurring more rapidly. We examined the thermal ecology of a host–parasitoid interaction in the Rocky Mountains using the wild populations of the aspen leaf miner (Phyllocnistis populiella) and a …

Elevated Extinction Risk In Over One-Fifth Of Native North American Pollinators, Tara Cornelisse, David W. Inouye, Rebecca E. Irwin, Sarina Jepsen, Jonathan R. Mawdsley, Margaret Ormes, Jaret Daniels, Diane M. Debinski, Terry Griswold, John Klymko, Michael C. Orr, Leif Richardson, Nicole Sears, Dale Schweitzer, Bruce E. Young

Biology Faculty Publications

Pollinators are critical for food production and ecosystem function. Although native pollinators are thought to be declining, the evidence is limited. This first, taxonomically diverse assessment for mainland North America north of Mexico reveals that 22.6% (20.6 to 29.6%) of the 1,579 species in the best-studied vertebrate and insect pollinator groups have elevated risk of extinction. All three pollinating bat species are at risk and bees are the insect group most at risk (best estimate, 34.7% of 472 species assessed, range 30.3 to 43.0%). Substantial numbers of butterflies (19.5% of 632 species, range 19.1 to 21.0%) and moths (16.1% of …

Recommendations For Strengthening Blue Carbon Science, Martin Dahl, Paul S. Lavery, Inés Mazarrasa, Jimena Samper-Villarreal, Maria F. Adame, Stephen Crooks, Carlos M. Duarte, Daniel A. Friess, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Carmen Leiva-Dueñas, Catherine E. Lovelock, Peter I. Macreadie, Pere Masqué, Miguel Angel Mateo, Oscar Serrano

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Blue carbon (BC) habitats (e.g., mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrasses) are important CO2 sinks but are among the most threatened ecosystems on Earth. Substantial research over the last decade has quantified BC to evaluate the climate benefits associated with habitat conservation and restoration. However, the exponential growth in BC science has resulted in differing approaches that hinder comparison across studies and increase uncertainty. Here, we synthesized existing data to depict the range of uncertainty associated to different BC methodologies and argue that cumulative biases linked to multiple methodologies can result in BC estimates differing by up to 10-fold. We identified …

Women's Empowerment In Apcnf: A Critical Examination Of Feminist Goals In Agroecology, Anvitha Ravipati

Student Scholarship

This paper delves into the critical issues surrounding agroecology, with a specific focus on the intersection of ecology, polity, society, and economy. In the context of the Anthropocene era, the global threat of climate change poses significant challenges such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and disruptions in food production. The paper highlights the predicted impacts of climate change on food security, particularly in the tropics, emphasizing the need for social and environmental justice in mitigation and adaptation efforts. Furthermore, it discusses the concept of political agroecology as a lens to address sociological and political aspects within the realm …

Predicting The Suitable Habitats Of Alosimus Marginicollis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) And Evaluating Its Potential Distribution In Relation To Geographical And Climatic Barriers, Muhammed Ari̇f Demi̇r, Mahmut Kabalak

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The main objective of this study was to predict the ecological requirements of Alosimus marginicollis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880), for which limited ecological information is available, and to predict possible suitable habitats under current conditions and different future scenarios. An ensemble model-based approach, combining multiple algorithms (GAM, GLM, MARS, MaxEnt), was used to predict suitable habitats for this species using bioclimatic, topographic and land cover variables. The models indicated that the elevation variable among the topography variables, BIO15 (precipitation seasonality) and BIO4 (temperature seasonality) among the bioclimatic variables, and the cropland variable (cultivated and managed vegetation cover) among the land cover variables …

Transcriptional Profiles Reveal Physiological Mechanisms For Compensation During A Simulated Marine Heatwave In Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola Lalandi), Sharon E. Hook, Ryan J. Farr, Jenny Su, Alistair J. Hobday, Catherine Wingate, Lindsey Woolley, Luke Pilmer

Fisheries Research Articles

Background

Changing ocean temperatures are already causing declines in populations of marine organisms. Predicting the capacity of organisms to adjust to the pressures posed by climate change is a topic of much current research effort, particularly for species we farm or harvest. To explore one measure of phenotypic plasticity, the physiological compensations in response to heat stress as might be experienced in a marine heatwave, we exposed Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) to sublethal heat stress, and used the transcriptome in gill and muscle, benchmarked against heat shock proteins and oxidative stress indicators, to characterise the acute heat stress …

Building Relationships For Meaningful Co-Created Indigenous Climate Education, B. Hanson, R. Mccann, D. Smiley, S. Hinck, A. R. Archie, N. Butler

Environment and Society Student Research

This project involved a multicultural team collaboratively co-creating a climate change module by and for Indigenous people. Embracing the framework of cultural humility, we recognized the bidirectional learning inherent in the project and its role in mitigating power dynamics within the team. This endeavor underscored the significance of transparency, effective communication, respect, reciprocity, trust building, and sensitivity to cultural contexts. Our findings emphasized the need for locally grounded programs that echo local traditional wisdom. We discovered that fostering an environment conducive to active listening and patience is pivotal in establishing a secure space. Our research affirms the equal validity and …

Earth Orbital Rhythms Links Timing Of Deccan Trap Volcanism Phases And Global Climate Change, Thomas Westerhold, Edoardo Dallanave, Donald Penman, Blair Schoene, Ursula Röhl, Nikolaus Gussone, Junichiro Kuroda

Geosciences Faculty Publications

At the end of the Cretaceous, the massive Deccan trap (DT) volcanic eruptions are regarded as the primary driver of global climate deterioration. Accurate age models are key to unravel the sequence of events related to DT volcanism onset and effects on the global climate system. We establish a direct geochemical link between DT volcanism as recorded in marine osmium isotopic data and global climate change documented in benthic foraminifera carbon and oxygen isotope records. Based on our state-of-the-art astronomically calibrated age model, two major shifts in marine ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os at 66.49 and 66.28 million years ago are …

Assessing The Biological Impacts And Health Risks Of Uv Radiation In The Context Of Sustainable Development Goals: Review, Ruaa H. Abbas, Lina M. Shaker

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, while essential for certain biological processes, presents significant risks to human health and ecosystems. Increased UV exposure, driven by ozone depletion and climate change, heightens threats such as DNA damage, skin cancer, immune suppression, and eye disorders, directly aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3: Good Health and Well-being. Additionally, UV radiation disrupts marine and terrestrial ecosystems, impacting biodiversity and productivity, relevant to SDGs 14 and 15. This review evaluates the health and environmental impacts of UV radiation and highlights recent advancements in UV monitoring technology. Key findings reveal substantial evidence linking UV exposure to accelerated skin …

Liability Considerations For Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Projects In U.S. Waters, Korey Silverman-Roati, Martin Lockman, Romany M. Webb

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

Scientists have identified a number of land- and ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (“CDR”) approaches. Ocean-based approaches, also known as marine CDR, hold great potential for uptake and sequestration of carbon dioxide. However, controlled field trials in the ocean are needed to better understand the efficacy and impacts of several marine CDR approaches. Legal considerations will have a major bearing on whether, when, where, and how such field research goes forward. Previous studies have analyzed the potential international and domestic legal framework applicable to marine CDR research and subsequent deployment (if that is ultimately deemed appropriate). However, relatively little research has …

Conference Report: Attribution Science And Climate Law, Jessica A. Wentz

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

This report provides a summary of proceedings from the Attribution Science and Climate Law conference hosted at Columbia University on January 9-10, 2025. The conference brought together a diverse group of researchers and practitioners to share insights on the status of climate change attribution research and its relevance to climate law and policy. Participants included physical scientists, public health researchers, economists, social scientists, legal scholars, and legal practitioners. The core goals of the event were to facilitate interdisciplinary discussion, advance substantive knowledge in this field, and promote ongoing collaboration between the scientific, legal, and policy-making communities.

Prioritization Of Research On Drought Assessment In A Changing Climate, Joel Lisonbee, Britt Parker, Erica Fleischman, Trent W. Ford, Kyle R. Bocinsky, Gretel Follingstad, Abby Frazier, Zachary H. Hoylman, Amy R. Hudson, John W. Nielsen-Gammon, Natalie A. Umphlett, Elliot Wickham, Aparna Bamzai-Dodson, Royce Fontenot, Brian Fuchs, John Hammond, Jeffrey E. Herrick, Mike Hobbins, Andrew Hoell, Jacob Jones, Erin Lane, Zachary Leasor, Yongqiang Liu, Jason A. Otkin, Dennis Todey, Roger Pulwarty

Geography

Drought is a period of abnormally dry weather that leads to hydrological imbalance. Drought assessments determine the characteristics, severity, and impacts of a drought. Climate change adds conceptual and quantitative challenges to traditional drought assessments. This paper highlights the challenges of assessing drought in a climate made non-stationary by human activities or natural variability. To address these challenges, we then identify 10 key research priorities for advancing drought science and improving assessments in a changing climate. The priorities focus on improving drought indicators to account for non-stationarity, evaluating drought impacts and their trends, addressing regional differences in non-stationarity, determining the …

Climate Change Demands Free Markets, Glen Lyons

Journal of New Finance

William Nordhaus won a Nobel Prize for work on the economics of climate change. He advocated for the government policy of carbon pricing arguing that climate is a public good, free riders undermine action, there are unpriced negative externalities, and individuals can’t slow climate change. Nordhaus assumes that climate science is certain enough to design effective policy. This paper challenges that thinking and shows that individuals can and ARE slowing climate change. I will also review the risks of government policy, highlight the uncertainty in present day climate science, and conclude by showing that free markets are the best “policy”.

Impacts Of Ocean Acidification On The Palatability Of Two Antarctic Macroalgae And The Consumption Of A Grazer, Hannah E. Oswalt, Margaret O. Amsler, Charles D. Amsler, James B. Mcclintock, Julie B. Schram

Faculty, Staff, and Students

Increases in atmospheric CO2 have led to more CO2 entering the world’s oceans, decreasing the pH in a process called ’ocean acidification’. Low pH has been linked to impacts on macroalgal growth and stress, which can alter palatability to herbivores. Two common and ecologically important macroalgal species from the western Antarctic Peninsula, the unpalatable Desmarestia menziesii and the palatable Palmaria decipiens, were maintained under three pH treatments: ambient (pH 8.1), near future (7.7) and distant future (7.3) for 52 days and 18 days, respectively. Discs of P. decipiens or artificial foods containing extracts of D. menziesii from each treatment were …

My Art Is Garbage, Beth Shepherd

The Goose

In “My Art is Garbage,” I describe three recent art projects where garbage is both a theme and an artistic medium used to critique the overuse of and inability to reuse or safely dispose of plastics we use every day. The first work, Untitled (Plastic Film Balls), uses non-recyclable single-use household plastic made to form an installation of shimmering balls and alludes to the environmental footprint of the artworld. Plastic Shores, a series of monotype prints, reminds us that plastics in the environment are deleterious to species that we see every day. Finally Plastic Pests, a series …

Understanding The Role Of Thermal Stress In Modulating Growth, Yield, And Quality Attributes Of Tomato At Two Locations, Muhammad Uzair, Rabia Kalsoom, Kotb A. Attia, Irfan Ali, Tanveer Hussain, Asmaa M. Abushady, Haider Ali, Sajid Fiaz, Saima Jameel, Muhammad Usman Hameed, Rashid Iqbal, Muhammad Ramzan Khan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Tomato is a well-recognized and extensively cultivated crop on a global scale. However, the development of tomato varieties is hindered by adverse environments, limited genetic diversity, and low rates of seed setting. In this study, we evaluated 21 genotypes at two different locations in Pakistan. We analyzed morphological traits including vine length, days to 50% flowering, days to fruit setting initiation, number of clusters per plant (NCP), and number of flowers per cluster (NFC); yield-related traits such as fruit setting percentage per cluster, fruit setting percentage per plant, number of marketable fruits per plant (NMFP), marketable fruit yield per plant …

Operationalizing And Measuring Climate Change Adaptation Success, Henry A. Bartelet, Michele L. Barnes, Lalu A.A. Bakti, Graeme S. Cumming

Quantitative Methods and Information Technology Faculty Publications

In a context of rapid global change, understanding whether and how adaptation to climate change can be considered successful has become an important research gap within the climate change adaptation literature. Although definitions of adaptation success have been formulated, it remains unclear how they can be operationalized and tested empirically. To address this gap, we operationalized one of the most prominent definitions of successful adaptation within the academic literature, which describes success as adaptations that support reductions in risk and vulnerability without compromising sustainability. Specifically, drawing on data collected from 209 coral reef tourism operators across 28 locations and eight …

Interactive Effects Of Co2, Temperature, And Nitrate Limitation On The Growth And Physiology Of Strain Ccmp 1334 Of The Marine Cyanobacterium Synechococcus (Cyanophyceae), Alyssa K. Sharbaugh, Edward A. Laws

Faculty Publications

The marine cyanobacterium Synecococcus sp. (CCMP 1334) was grown in a continuous culture system on a 12:12 h light:dark cycle at all combinations of low and high pCO2 (400 and 1000 ppmv, respectively), nutrient availability (nitrate-limited and nutrient-replete conditions), and temperatures of 21, 24, 28, 32, and 35°C. The maximum nutrient-replete growth rate was ~1.15 day⁻¹ at 32–35°C. Median nutrient-replete growth rates were higher at 1000 ppmv than at 400 ppmv pCO2 at all temperatures. Carbon:nitrogen ratios were independent of pCO2 at a fixed relative growth rate (i.e., growth rate ÷ nutrient-replete growth rate) but decreased with increasing temperature. …

The Methodological Problems Of Incorporating Indigenous Philosophy In Collaborative Research, Luthonliu Gangmei, P. Milan Khangamcha

Comparative Philosophy

This paper addresses the methodological challenges inherent in collaborative research endeavours focused on the development of Indigenous philosophy. It argues that these challenges persist due to a lack of recognition of the autonomy and intrinsic philosophical value of ethno-philosophy or Indigenous philosophy. Despite the United Nations acknowledging the significance of indigenous worldviews and their philosophical underpinnings, they are still yet to be fully integrated into the global knowledge domain. The paper highlights the tendency to view indigenous philosophy solely as a cultural asset of indigenous peoples rather than recognizing its broader philosophical relevance. It identifies this as a critical interdisciplinary …

Timber Harvesting Was The Most Important Factor Driving Changes In Vegetation Composition, As Compared To Climate And Fire Regime Shifts, In The Mixedwood Temperate Forests Of Temiscamingue Since Ad 1830, Daniela Robles, Yan Boulanger, Jesus Pascual, Victor Danneyrolles, Yves Bergeron, Igor Drobyshev

Aspen Bibliography

Context The vegetation composition of northeastern North American forests has significantly changed since pre-settlement times, with a marked reduction in conifer-dominated stands, taxonomic and functional diversity. These changes have been attributed to fire regime shifts, logging, and climate change.

Methods In this study, we disentangled the individual effects of these drivers on the forest composition in southwestern Quebec from 1830 to 2000 by conducting retrospective modelling using the LANDIS-II forest landscape model. The model was run based on pre-settlement forest composition and fire history reconstructions, historical timber harvest records, and climate reanalysis data. We compared counterfactual scenarios excluding individual factors …

The Eastern Oyster Behavioral Response To Low Salinity And Hypoxia In Controlled And Natural Settings, Siyah Yongue

LSU Master's Theses

Oyster aquaculture is expanding in the northern Gulf of Mexico, but climate change may challenge the sustainability of this industry. Projected increases in the frequency and intensity of low salinity and low dissolved oxygen (DO) periods could impact the behavior, metabolism, growth, and survival of oysters. Characterizing how oyster behavior links to environmental stressors could help better identify thresholds in their tolerance and inform predictive tools for aquaculture professionals. In this research, the effect of separate and concomitant exposures to low salinity and DO on the behavioral response of oysters was examined in the lab. The impact of other environmental …

The State Of Global And African Ecology, Peter Knox

Landas

This article recounts the growth of concern for the environment in the latter half of the 20th Century, and its entry into Catholic magisterial theology. It expands on the ecological theory of planetary boundaries, and identifies how the theory surfaces in Pope Francis’ 2015 encyclical Laudato Si’. Based upon solid contemporary science, the encyclical is well founded to outline an appropriate and compassionate moral theology of care for creation. The article cites multiple instances where African people are at the nexus of environmental and social crises, focusing on how contemporary ecological factors affect women in particular. Environmental crises should not …

Evaluating Genetic Variation Of Brassica Tournefortii Gouan Collections Via Microsatellite Marker Analysis, Brian Alfaro, Thomas F. Turner, Diane L. Marshall

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Plants can differ in phenotypes, but genetic variation may not always reflect phenotypic differentiation. In this study, we tested if native, invasive and landrace population types of Brassica tournefortii Gouan diverged genetically. We performed this comparison by genotyping individuals derived from our own field collections (invasive populations) and from USDA accessions (plants from the native range and landraces). We used two polymorphic microsatellite loci to analyze allelic diversity (Question 1), genetic differentiation, admixture, inbreeding (Question 2) and evolutionary relationships (Question 3) of three population types and of 17 populations of B. tournefortii. Comparison of allelic diversity indices and observed …

Modeling The Impacts Of The Current And Projected Temperatures On Spongy Moth Population Dynamics, Adrienne B. Spring

Theses and Dissertations

The spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) is an invasive forest pest that has caused significant ecological damage across the United States. Its invasion front is shaped by a number of factors, including temperature in both the northern and southern regions. With ongoing climate change, areas that were previously uninhabitable may become increasingly favorable for moth population establishment and expansion, while other areas may experience thermal stress limiting persistence. This study develops a temperature-driven population model to analyze how temperature affects the spongy moth population dynamics along the invasion front. This model incorporates temperature effects on fecundity, stage-specific survival rates, …