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United States Flood Control Policy: The Incomplete Transition From The Illusion Of Total Protection To Risk Management, A. Dan Tarlock Oct 2012

United States Flood Control Policy: The Incomplete Transition From The Illusion Of Total Protection To Risk Management, A. Dan Tarlock

All Faculty Scholarship

Until the mid-twentieth century, the story of modern flood control was the transition from adaptation to the inevitable to an expectation that government would provide maximum flood prevention and generous post-disaster relief for floodplain dwellers. For the last sixty years or so, the story has been the growing recognition, especially as the understanding of climate change has increased, that the goal of maximum protection is unobtainable because flood damage is an inevitable risk that can only be managed, but never totally avoided. Thus, we are now making the transition to the idea that we must manage floodplains through a combination …

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Utah Science Vol. 66 Sep 2012

Utah Science Vol. 66

Utah Science

Utah Science, a publication of the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station at Utah State University

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Improving Complementary Methods To Predict Evapotranspiration For Data Deficit Conditions And Global Applications Under Climate Change, Fathi M. A. Anayah Aug 2012

Improving Complementary Methods To Predict Evapotranspiration For Data Deficit Conditions And Global Applications Under Climate Change, Fathi M. A. Anayah

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A reliable estimate of evapotranspiration (ET) in river basins is important for the purpose of water resources planning and management. ET represents a significant portion of rainfall in the water budget; therefore, the uncertainty in estimating ET can lead to the inaccurate prediction of water resources. While remote sensing techniques are available to estimate ET, such methods are expensive and necessary data may not be readily available. Classical methods of estimating ET require detailed land use/cover information that are not readily available in rural river basins. Complementary methods provide simple and reliable approaches to estimate ET using meteorological data only. …

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Ecosystem Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Framework, Romain Lardy, Raphaël Martin, Bruno Bachelet, David R. C. Hill, Gianni Bellocchi Jul 2012

Ecosystem Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Framework, Romain Lardy, Raphaël Martin, Bruno Bachelet, David R. C. Hill, Gianni Bellocchi

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Vulnerability is the degree to which human and environmental systems are likely to experience harm due to a perturbation or a stress. In the last years, it has become a central focus of the global change (including climate change). The climate change literature contains many explanations of vulnerability, stemming from the notion of sensitivity to more complex ideas, yet taking into account the exposure history of the system up to residual impacts of climate change after adaptation. This work addresses the issue of ecosystems vulnerability assessment by presenting a conceptual framework, as an attempt to generalize previous approaches. We present …

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Old Dominion University Climate Change And Sea Level Rise Initiative, Summer 2012, Larry P. Atkinson (Editor) Jul 2012

Old Dominion University Climate Change And Sea Level Rise Initiative, Summer 2012, Larry P. Atkinson (Editor)

CCSLRI Newsletters

Summer 2012 Newsletter of the Old Dominion University Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Intiative

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Quantifying And Reducing Uncertainty In The Assessment Of Water-Related Risks In Southern Europe And Neighbouring Countries, Joachim Post, Günter Strunz, Franz Hummel, Sihem Benabdallah, Franz Prettenthaler, Ralf Ludwig Jul 2012

Quantifying And Reducing Uncertainty In The Assessment Of Water-Related Risks In Southern Europe And Neighbouring Countries, Joachim Post, Günter Strunz, Franz Hummel, Sihem Benabdallah, Franz Prettenthaler, Ralf Ludwig

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The project CLIMB (Climate Induced Changes on the Hydrology of Mediterranean Basins – Reducing Uncertainty and Quantifying Risk through an Integrated Monitoring and Modelling System, www.climb-fp7.eu) aims to investigate present and future climate induced changes in the hydrological budgets and extremes for Mediterranean and neighbouring countries.We provide a concept for an integrated modelling and assessment set-up to tackle the challenge of quantifying parameter related uncertainties and associated risks with the water balance simulation model ETH (WaSiM-ETH) for the cultivation of tomatoes in Chiba basin, Tunisia, which is a test site within the CLIMB project.This study indicates that it is already …

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Modelling And Simulating Social Vulnerability Under The Influence Of Climate Change In The Cordillera Blanca (Peru), Thaís López-Inojosa, Martina Neuburger, Sebastian Medina-Plascencia Jul 2012

Modelling And Simulating Social Vulnerability Under The Influence Of Climate Change In The Cordillera Blanca (Peru), Thaís López-Inojosa, Martina Neuburger, Sebastian Medina-Plascencia

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The objective of this research is to develop and simulate a model of theecosocial concept of populations’ vulnerability under the impact of environmentalchange in the Peruvian Cordillera Blanca, through a social vulnerability indicator.Numerous studies provide evidence for the impact of climate change on nature,water scarcity, and social problems; people living near glaciers are particularlyaffected by these natural hazards. The Peruvian Cordillera Blanca, an area withone fourth of the world’s tropical glaciers and its population are highly at risk. Theapplications of fuzzy algorithms to research works in this area, and even more tosocial and ecological aspects, is a new approach to …

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Evaluation Of Different Sources Of Uncertainty In Climate Change Impact Research Using A Hydro-Climatic Model Ensemble, Markus Muerth, Blaise Gauvin St-Denis, Ralf Ludwig, Daniel Caya Jul 2012

Evaluation Of Different Sources Of Uncertainty In Climate Change Impact Research Using A Hydro-Climatic Model Ensemble, Markus Muerth, Blaise Gauvin St-Denis, Ralf Ludwig, Daniel Caya

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The international research project QBic3 (Quebec-Bavarian Collaboration on Climate Change) aims at investigating the potential impacts of climate change on the hydrology of regional scale catchments in Southern Quebec (Canada) and Bavaria (Germany). Yet, the actual change in river runoff characteristics during the next 70 years is highly uncertain due to a multitude of uncertainty sources. The so-called hydro-climatic ensemble that is constructed to describe the uncertainties of this complex model chain consists of four different global climate models, downscaled by three different regional climate models, an exchangeable bias correction algorithm, a separate method to scale RCM outputs to the …

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Assessing The Influence Of Long-Term Urban Growth Scenarios On Urban Climate, Rahim Aguejdad, Julia Hidalgo, Omar Doukari, Valéry Masson, Thomas Houet Jul 2012

Assessing The Influence Of Long-Term Urban Growth Scenarios On Urban Climate, Rahim Aguejdad, Julia Hidalgo, Omar Doukari, Valéry Masson, Thomas Houet

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The objective of this paper is to assess the influence of future urbangrowth scenarios on future urban climate in Toulouse metropolitan area (France).Specifically, we aim to test the hypothesis that urban growth based on sprawlingpatterns has a greater influence on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomena thancompact patterns. Three urban growth scenarios are built by 2100 followingdifferent urban patterns (edge growth, spontaneous growth and a hybrid of both).Those simulations are performed using a new spatially explicit urban growth model(SLEUTHR) which was specifically developed for that purpose. The impact of urbangrowth on the air temperature is estimated under the same climate …

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Uncertainty Analysis Of An Integrated Water System In Southern England: Exploring Physical And Socio-Economic Uncertainties, Lan Hoang, Suraje Dessai, Richard Brazier Jul 2012

Uncertainty Analysis Of An Integrated Water System In Southern England: Exploring Physical And Socio-Economic Uncertainties, Lan Hoang, Suraje Dessai, Richard Brazier

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Climate change risk assessment of water resources is fraught withuncertainty. Such uncertainty is not only the accumulation of individual uncertaintycomponents, but also the results of intricate interactions amongst the physicalenvironment and the socio-economic system. There is often a mismatch of modelrepresentation of these two systems: while uncertainty of physical factors has oftenbeen described using quantitative methods, socio-economic factors have largelybeen qualitative. In our drought assessment case study, we evaluate uncertainty inthe physical factors and demand responses in the context of climate change. Inparticular, we focus on structural uncertainty of the supply component and datauncertainty of the demand component. To explore …

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Using A Fuzzy-Logic Approach To Model A Reservoir And Transfer System Under Climate Change Conditions, Josef Schmid, Ralf Ludwig, Markus Muerth Jul 2012

Using A Fuzzy-Logic Approach To Model A Reservoir And Transfer System Under Climate Change Conditions, Josef Schmid, Ralf Ludwig, Markus Muerth

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Embedded in an international project, a management model is developed for assessing climate change impacts on the Water Transfer System in Franconia, Germany. Based on expert knowledge, standard rules operating this system are defined and implemented in a fuzzy-based modelling system. Demands of stakeholders are identified as being core functionalities in the model. First climate change impact assessments were done, driving the management model with outputs from a hydrological model forced by dynamical climate model data

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A Eu27 Database Of Daily Weather Data Derived From Climate Change Scenarios For Use With Crop Simulation Models, Marcello Donatelli, Davide Fumagalli, A. Zucchini, G. Duveiller, R. L. Nelson, B. Baruth Jul 2012

A Eu27 Database Of Daily Weather Data Derived From Climate Change Scenarios For Use With Crop Simulation Models, Marcello Donatelli, Davide Fumagalli, A. Zucchini, G. Duveiller, R. L. Nelson, B. Baruth

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Global Circulation Models (GCM) estimate future climate under scenarios of greenhouse gases emissions. Such estimates include several meteorological parameters but the two direct outputs are air temperature at earth surface and precipitation. The estimates are spatially downscaled using different methodologies, but it is accepted that such data require further processing for use with simulation models. Daily values of solar radiation, wind, air humidity, and at times rainfall may have absolute values which are not realistic, and/or the daily record of data may prove not to be consistent across meteorological variables. The final problem is related to the fact that GCM …

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Adaptation Strategies For New Zealand Dairy Farms Under Climate Change Scenarios, Electra Kalaugher, Pierre Beukes, Anthony Clark, Janet F. Bornman Jul 2012

Adaptation Strategies For New Zealand Dairy Farms Under Climate Change Scenarios, Electra Kalaugher, Pierre Beukes, Anthony Clark, Janet F. Bornman

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Assessments of climate change for New Zealand indicate not only increasing average temperatures but also more climatic variability with moderate to high likelihood of increases in the frequency of extreme events such as droughts and floods. Detailed Whole Farm Model simulations of climate change impacts and potential adaptation options were undertaken for five representative, pasture based dairy farms located in the major dairying regions of New Zealand. First, tactical changes to current management practices were considered, followed by three strategic adaptations that introduced larger changes into the farming system: a reduction in intensity, the introduction of irrigation and an alternative …

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Interdependence Of Mitigation, Adaptation And Sustainable Development, D. E. Reusser, Tabea Lissner, Luis Costa, Flavio Augusto Pinto Siabatto, Anselmo Garcia Cantu Ros, Jürgen Kropp Jul 2012

Interdependence Of Mitigation, Adaptation And Sustainable Development, D. E. Reusser, Tabea Lissner, Luis Costa, Flavio Augusto Pinto Siabatto, Anselmo Garcia Cantu Ros, Jürgen Kropp

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Managing the interdependence of climate mitigation, adaptation and sustainable development requires a good understanding of the dominant sociotechnical and earth system processes that have determined the pathways in the past. Key variables include for example water and food availability which depend on climate and overall ecosystem services, as well as energy supply and social, political and economic conditions. Here we attempt an overview of existing model components and globally available data sources and look for gaps in existing approaches. This overview lies the foundation for building a model at the country level that integrates mitigation and adaptation with the ultimate …

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Achieving A Sustainable Transport Sector In The Uk: The Effect Of Uk Transport Reform And Change In Population's Travel Decisions On The Reduction Of Energy Consumption And Co2 Emission Within The Transport Sector, Jessica Herring Jul 2012

Achieving A Sustainable Transport Sector In The Uk: The Effect Of Uk Transport Reform And Change In Population's Travel Decisions On The Reduction Of Energy Consumption And Co2 Emission Within The Transport Sector, Jessica Herring

The Plymouth Student Scientist

With the onset of climate change and diminishing global energy supplies, it is a concern that global fuel demand, energy consumption and carbon release are increasing. The transport sector is one of the largest contributors to environmental pressure and degradation, yet it is making a very limited contribution to carbon emission and energy reliance reduction. This paper presents a critique of the UK approach to transport sustainability, focusing mainly on aspects of an unsuccessful transport scheme; Transport 2010, whilst analysing three reform approaches stated in Haan et al (2007) study; reducing demand, energy intensity and carbon intensity to conclude with …

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Fluvial Landscapes Of The Harappan Civilization, Liviu Giosan, Peter D. Clift, Mark G. Macklin, Dorian Q. Fuller, Stefan Constantinescu, Julie A. Durcan, Thomas Stevens, Geoff A.T. Duller, Ali R. Tabrez, Kavita Gangal, Ronojoy Adhikari, Anwar Alizai, Florin Filip, Sam Vanlaningham, James P.M. Syvitski Jun 2012

Fluvial Landscapes Of The Harappan Civilization, Liviu Giosan, Peter D. Clift, Mark G. Macklin, Dorian Q. Fuller, Stefan Constantinescu, Julie A. Durcan, Thomas Stevens, Geoff A.T. Duller, Ali R. Tabrez, Kavita Gangal, Ronojoy Adhikari, Anwar Alizai, Florin Filip, Sam Vanlaningham, James P.M. Syvitski

Faculty Publications

The collapse of the Bronze Age Harappan, one of the earliest urban civilizations, remains an enigma. Urbanism flourished in the western region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain for approximately 600 y, but since approximately 3,900 y ago, the total settled area and settlement sizes declined, many sites were abandoned, and a significant shift in site numbers and density towards the east is recorded. We report morphologic and chronologic evidence indicating that fluvial landscapes in Harappan territory became remarkably stable during the late Holocene as aridification intensified in the region after approximately 5,000 BP. Upstream on the alluvial plain, the large Himalayan …

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Long-Term Changes To The Frost-Free Season As A Function Of Climatic Continentality, Ian Blaylock May 2012

Long-Term Changes To The Frost-Free Season As A Function Of Climatic Continentality, Ian Blaylock

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The beginning, end, and length of the annual frost-free season vary considerably both spatially and temporally. The continentality of the climate of a given area has a close connection with the magnitude and nature of these variations. Long term changes in the frost-free season can be divided into three distinct phases: a lengthening of the frost-free season in the early 20th century, a shortening in the mid-20th century, and a renewed, intensified lengthening from 1970 to today. While oceanic and ultraoceanic climates experience decreased incidence of frosts relative to their continental counterparts, analysis has shown that overall 20 …

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Nature-Based Recreationists' Perceptions Of Climate Change And Attitudes Towards Climate Change Mitigation In Natural Environments, Matthew Brownlee May 2012

Nature-Based Recreationists' Perceptions Of Climate Change And Attitudes Towards Climate Change Mitigation In Natural Environments, Matthew Brownlee

All Dissertations

Novel biophysical impacts from a rapidly changing climate are influencing resources in many parks and protected areas that host nature-based recreation. In addition to climate impacts, renewable energy initiatives (e.g., wind farms) aimed to mitigate climate change are increasingly converging with nature-based recreation areas. Climate impacts and climate change mitigation efforts in nature-based recreation areas have the capacity to influence individual and collective experiences, attitudes, and potentially behaviors. However, little is known about nature-based recreationists' interactions with climate-influenced resources, and how these interactions may influence perceptions of climate change and attitudes towards mitigation efforts. This dissertation addresses this lack of …

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Predicting How Adaptation To Climate Change Could Affect Ecological Conservation: Secondary Impacts Of Shifting Agricultural Suitability, Bethany A. Bradley, Lyndon D. Estes, David G. Hole, Stephen Holness, Michael Oppenheimer, Will R. Turner, Hein Beukes, Roland E. Schulze, Mark A. Tadross, David S. Wilcove May 2012

Predicting How Adaptation To Climate Change Could Affect Ecological Conservation: Secondary Impacts Of Shifting Agricultural Suitability, Bethany A. Bradley, Lyndon D. Estes, David G. Hole, Stephen Holness, Michael Oppenheimer, Will R. Turner, Hein Beukes, Roland E. Schulze, Mark A. Tadross, David S. Wilcove

Geography

Aim: Ecosystems face numerous well-documented threats from climate change. The well-being of people also is threatened by climate change, most prominently by reduced food security. Human adaptation to food scarcity, including shifting agricultural zones, will create new threats for natural ecosystems. We investigated how shifts in crop suitability because of climate change may overlap currently protected areas (PAs) and priority sites for PA expansion in South Africa. Predicting the locations of suitable climate conditions for crop growth will assist conservationists and decision-makers in planning for climate change. Location: South Africa. Methods: We modelled climatic suitability in 2055 for maize and …

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Scale Issues In The Development Of Future Precipitation Scenarios, Justin T. Schoof Apr 2012

Scale Issues In The Development Of Future Precipitation Scenarios, Justin T. Schoof

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

Many of the processes that govern precipitation occurrence and intensity occur at spatial and temporal scales that remain unresolved by the current generation of climate models. The resulting mismatch between the information reliably provided by such models and the needs of researchers assessing impacts associated with changes in precipitation has led to the development of downscaling techniques. In this paper, the need for downscaling is demonstrated by describing (1) the difference between real-world precipitation-governing processes and their representation in climate models and (2) the differences between theoretical expectations of precipitation changes at large and small scales in a warmer world. …

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Old Dominion University Climate Change And Sea Level Rise Initiative, Spring 2012, Larry P. Atkinson (Editor) Apr 2012

Old Dominion University Climate Change And Sea Level Rise Initiative, Spring 2012, Larry P. Atkinson (Editor)

CCSLRI Newsletters

Summer 2012 Newsletter of the Old Dominion University Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Initiative

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Climate Change: Human Rights In The Times Of Climate Displacement, Shakeel Kazmi Apr 2012

Climate Change: Human Rights In The Times Of Climate Displacement, Shakeel Kazmi

Dissertations & Theses

The increasing numbers of climate migrants caution that the dilemma of climate refugees is a well-substantiated concern of today not tomorrow. In 2011 large-scale flooding and landslides affected more than one million people in the Philippines. More than twenty million people were displaced after massive floods in Pakistan in 2010. A significant number of future projections show that climate change will lead tens, and perhaps hundreds, of millions of people to leave their homes and in some cases their countries. The crisis of human displacement, which entails immediate actions, raised the questions of legal and moral obligations to protect the …

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Observational Bounds On Atmospheric Heating By Aerosol Absorption: Radiative Signature Of Transatlantic Dust, Amit Davidi, Alexander Kostinski, Ilan Koren, Yoav Lehahn Feb 2012

Observational Bounds On Atmospheric Heating By Aerosol Absorption: Radiative Signature Of Transatlantic Dust, Amit Davidi, Alexander Kostinski, Ilan Koren, Yoav Lehahn

Department of Physics Publications

[1] Aerosols absorb solar radiation thus changing the atmospheric temperature profile but the overall magnitude of this effect is not known. To that end, Saharan dust emissions over the Atlantic Ocean provide an opportunity to examine aerosol‐related heating via satellite imaging. A major difficulty, however, is disentangling a straightforward heating signal caused by the absorbing dust from a meteorological signal, which originates from correlation between dust concentration and air temperature. To tackle the problem, we combine temperature (T) soundings, from the atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS), with aerosol optical depth (τ) measurements, from the moderate resolution imaging …

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The Arctic Game, Sarah E. Nuernberger Jan 2012

The Arctic Game, Sarah E. Nuernberger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Since outsiders first visited the Arctic, they have believed in man's ability to conquer the region. Today's Arctic conquest is not one of heroic exploration, but rather one of ownership and exploitation. This paper illustrates contestation in the Arctic through the metaphor of a game, with attendant prizes, players, and rules. It focuses on how to prevent the future destruction of the Arctic given the interactions of the Arctic's landscape, prizes, players, and current management frameworks. In the wake of renewed resource exploitation and escalating climate change impacts, the current frameworks and mindsets are inadequate to support the precarious balance …

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Interannual And Spatial Impacts Of Phenological Transitions, Growing Season Length, And Spring And Autumn Temperatures On Carbon Sequestration: A North America Flux Data Synthesis, Chaoyang Wu, Alemu Gonsamo, Jing Ming Chen, Werner A. Kurz, David T. Price, Peter M. Lafleur, Rachhpal S. Jassal, Danilo Dragoni, Gil Bohrer, Christopher M. Gough, Shashi B. Verma, Andrew E. Suyker, J. William Munger Jan 2012

Interannual And Spatial Impacts Of Phenological Transitions, Growing Season Length, And Spring And Autumn Temperatures On Carbon Sequestration: A North America Flux Data Synthesis, Chaoyang Wu, Alemu Gonsamo, Jing Ming Chen, Werner A. Kurz, David T. Price, Peter M. Lafleur, Rachhpal S. Jassal, Danilo Dragoni, Gil Bohrer, Christopher M. Gough, Shashi B. Verma, Andrew E. Suyker, J. William Munger

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Understanding feedbacks of ecosystem carbon sequestration to climate change is an urgent step in developing future ecosystem models. Using 187 site-years of flux data observed at 24 sites covering three plant functional types (i.e. evergreen forests (EF), deciduous forests (DF) and non-forest ecosystems (NF) (e.g., crop, grassland, wetland)) in North America, we present an analysis of both interannual and spatial relationships between annual net ecosystem production (NEP) and phenological indicators, including the flux-based carbon uptake period (CUP) and its transitions, degree-day-derived growing season length (GSL), and spring and autumn temperatures. Diverse responses were acquired between annul NEP and these indicators …

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Sea-Level Rise And Its Impact On Vulnerable States: Four Examples, Ann Powers Jan 2012

Sea-Level Rise And Its Impact On Vulnerable States: Four Examples, Ann Powers

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This article first examines the physical, cultural, and economic backgrounds of four vulnerable states—Tuvalu, Seychelles, Maldives, and Bangladesh—and discusses the extent to which each might be affected by sea-level rise. It then considers, in turn, the legal implications of the current rules on maritime delimitation under UNCLOS for the states, along with their efforts to adapt to sea-level rise.

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Diversity And Distribution Of Mongolian Fish: Recent State, Trends And Studies, Yuri Dgebuadze, Bud Mendsaikhan, Ayurin Dulmaa Jan 2012

Diversity And Distribution Of Mongolian Fish: Recent State, Trends And Studies, Yuri Dgebuadze, Bud Mendsaikhan, Ayurin Dulmaa

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

The studies in recent years (2000-2011) have allowed to make more precise the list and ranges of Mongolian fish. This is connected with new findings as well as the continuing process of invasion of alien species. Climate change and increase of human impact transformed ranges and local distribution of fish during last 30 years. Bias on ratio of ecological guilds, number of pathological findings are increasing, and declining of local diversity, rate of growth and fecundity of many species of fish are observed. In the course of long-term observation was confirmed periodically drying of waters of the Central Asian Lake …

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A Diatom Record Of Late Pliocene Cooling From The Ross Sea Continental Shelf, And-1b, Antarctica, Charlotte Sjunneskog, Diane Winter Jan 2012

A Diatom Record Of Late Pliocene Cooling From The Ross Sea Continental Shelf, And-1b, Antarctica, Charlotte Sjunneskog, Diane Winter

ANDRILL Research and Publications

A late Pliocene – early Pleistocene, 2.9–2.0Ma, diatom record from the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL) MIS drillcore AND-1B is presented. This core, recovered from beneath the Ross Ice Shelf south of Ross Island, comprises multiple diatomaceous-sediment units deposited during interglacial periods with open water over the core site. These represent interglacial phases of orbitally paced climate cycles and are punctuated by glacial advances. Extant diatom assemblages have limited presence in the late Pliocene record, which makes environmental interpretation less straight forward. We employ modern ecological data in combination with late Pliocene to present variation in diatom assemblages across the …

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Local Conditions, Not Regional Gradients, Drive Demographic Variation Of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia Trifida) And Common Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Across Northern U.S. Maize Belt, Samuel E. Wortman, Adam Davis, Brian J. Schutte, John L. Lindquist, John Cardina, Joel Felix, Christy L. Sprague, J. Anita Dille, Analiza H. M. Ramirez, Graig Reicks, Sharon A. Clay Jan 2012

Local Conditions, Not Regional Gradients, Drive Demographic Variation Of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia Trifida) And Common Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Across Northern U.S. Maize Belt, Samuel E. Wortman, Adam Davis, Brian J. Schutte, John L. Lindquist, John Cardina, Joel Felix, Christy L. Sprague, J. Anita Dille, Analiza H. M. Ramirez, Graig Reicks, Sharon A. Clay

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Knowledge of environmental factors influencing demography of weed species will improve understanding of current and future weed invasions. The objective of this study was to quantify regional-scale variation in vital rates of giant ragweed and common sunflower . To accomplish this objective, a common field experiment was conducted across seven sites between 2006 and 2008 throughout the north central U.S. maize belt. Demographic parameters of both weed species were measured in intra- and interspecific competitive environments, and environmental data were collected within site-years. Site was the strongest predictor of below ground vital rates (summer and winter seed survival and seedling …

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Global Air Temperature Variability Independent Of Sea-Surface Temperature Influences, Andrew C. Comrie, Gregory J. Mccabe Jan 2012

Global Air Temperature Variability Independent Of Sea-Surface Temperature Influences, Andrew C. Comrie, Gregory J. Mccabe

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Mean global surface air temperature (SAT) and sea surface temperature (SST) display substantial variability on timescales ranging from annual to multi-decadal. We review the key recent literature on connections between global SAT and SST variability. Although individual ocean influences on SAT have been recognized, the combined contributions of worldwide SST variability on the global SAT signal have not been clearly identified in observed data.Weanalyze these relations using principal components of detrended SST, and find that removing the underlying combined annual, decadal, and multi-decadal SST variability from the SAT time series reveals a nearly monotonic global warming trend in SAT since …

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