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Poverty, Educational Attainment And Health Among America’S Children: Current And Future Effects Of Population Diversification And Associated Socioeconomic Change, Steve Murdock, Mary Zey, Michael E. Cline, Stephen Klineberg Sep 2010

Poverty, Educational Attainment And Health Among America’S Children: Current And Future Effects Of Population Diversification And Associated Socioeconomic Change, Steve Murdock, Mary Zey, Michael E. Cline, Stephen Klineberg

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

A complex of interrelated factors including minority status, poverty, education, health status, and other factors determine the general welfare of children in America, particularly in heavily diverse states such as Texas. Although racial/ethnic status is clearly only a concomitant factor in that determination it is a factor for which future projections are available and for which the relationships with the other factors in the complex can be assessed. After examining the nature of the interrelationships between these factors we utilize direct standardization techniques to examine how the future diversification of the United States and Texas will affect the number of …

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Physical Activity In Latino Children: Research And Its Implications, Norma Olvera Ph.D., Stephanie F. Kellam, Kara Menefee, Jay Lee, Dennis W. Smith Sep 2010

Physical Activity In Latino Children: Research And Its Implications, Norma Olvera Ph.D., Stephanie F. Kellam, Kara Menefee, Jay Lee, Dennis W. Smith

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Childhood obesity affects children across all ages and genders. However, Latino children and adolescents are at an increased risk, with one out of three Latino children (ages 2-19) being classified as overweight. Physical inactivity is deemed a major factor contributing to the energy imbalance that leads to excess adiposity. The aims of this study are twofold: 1) to present relevant research regarding Latino children’s physical patterns, influences on their physical activity, and interventions designed to promote physical activity and fitness in this population; and 2) to discuss implications derived from this research to help health educators, practitioners, and policy makers …

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Child, Family, State, And Gender Equality In Religious Stances And Human Rights Instruments: A Preliminary Comparison, Linda C. Mcclain Sep 2010

Child, Family, State, And Gender Equality In Religious Stances And Human Rights Instruments: A Preliminary Comparison, Linda C. Mcclain

Faculty Scholarship

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) recently began its third decade. Why has the United States still not ratified the CRC, celebrated as the most widely ratified international human rights treaty in history? Once again, this question is on the table: Congressional resolutions that President Obama should not transmit the CRC to the Senate for advice and consent rapidly followed intimations that the Obama Administration had some qualms about the U.S. keeping company only with Somalia in not ratifying it. Some scholars contend that enlisting the unique resources of religions would help to ground a culture …

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Lessons From Seed: A National Demonstration Of Child Development Accounts, Michael Sherraden, Julia Stevens, Deborah Adams, Ray Boshara, Margaret Clancy, Reid Cramer, Bob Friedman, Rochelle Howard, Karol Krotki, Ellen Marks, Lisa Mensah, Bryan Rhodes, Carl Rist, Edward Scanlon, Trina Williams Shanks, Michael Sherraden, Julia Stevens, Leigh Tivol, Robert Zager Sep 2010

Lessons From Seed: A National Demonstration Of Child Development Accounts, Michael Sherraden, Julia Stevens, Deborah Adams, Ray Boshara, Margaret Clancy, Reid Cramer, Bob Friedman, Rochelle Howard, Karol Krotki, Ellen Marks, Lisa Mensah, Bryan Rhodes, Carl Rist, Edward Scanlon, Trina Williams Shanks, Michael Sherraden, Julia Stevens, Leigh Tivol, Robert Zager

Center for Social Development Research

Lessons From SEED: A National Demonstration of Child Development Accounts

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Gender Identity Development In Individuals With Autism : A Project Based Upon An Independent Investigation, Emily Green Kalafarski Sep 2010

Gender Identity Development In Individuals With Autism : A Project Based Upon An Independent Investigation, Emily Green Kalafarski

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

The purpose of this study was to explore the development of gender identity in children with autism. This research asked "Do people on the autism spectrum acquire gender identity differently than those who are neurotypically developing?" It was hypothesized that those on the autism spectrum did acquire gender identity differently, and that this process may be more influenced by individual cognition than social learning. This was a descriptive study that was cross-sectional in nature. Young adults were asked retrospective questions in a mixed-methods survey that was conducted on the internet. A sample of 29 participants comprised this study. No clear …

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Through Children's Eyes : Understanding Visible And Invisible Injury In Military Parents : A Project Based Upon An Independent Investigation, Meredith Grace Morray Sep 2010

Through Children's Eyes : Understanding Visible And Invisible Injury In Military Parents : A Project Based Upon An Independent Investigation, Meredith Grace Morray

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This qualitative study explores how young children (age 5-11) experience and develop empathy about parents who are suffering from physical and psychological injuries. This study was based on a Sesame Workshop film which depicts five families with a parent returning from war with either a visible (arm or leg amputation) or an invisible (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or Traumatic Brain Injury) wound. Children of military families (n= 28 children) and children of civilian families (n= 42 children) comprised the study sample. Focus groups based on a semi-structured interview guide were conducted after the viewing of the film. Findings indicated children's …

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Gender Based Differences In Behavioral Expression Among Sexually Reactive Children, Alexandra Celeste Ebken Sep 2010

Gender Based Differences In Behavioral Expression Among Sexually Reactive Children, Alexandra Celeste Ebken

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

Literature is reviewed to help define and develop a clearer understanding of research on prepubescent children with sexually reactive behaviors. In this article the differences between sexually reactive children ages 2-12 are assessed by gender, focusing primarily on differences in externalizing and internalizing behaviors through the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). Few differences were found on either instrument. Implications are offered.

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Aiding Young Children In Taiwan's Typhoon Disaster: How An Naeyc Interest Forum Takes Action, S. C. Yen, S. Baba, Ellen N. Junn Sep 2010

Aiding Young Children In Taiwan's Typhoon Disaster: How An Naeyc Interest Forum Takes Action, S. C. Yen, S. Baba, Ellen N. Junn

Office of the Provost Scholarship

The article describes the strategies learned by members of the Asian Interest Forum (AIF) who collaborated with parents and early childhood teachers on how to help young children cope with natural disasters in Taiwan. Shu-Chen Jenny Yen and Yafen Lo, AIF leaders, have translated information on how to cope with natural disasters into Chinese and sent it to their colleagues in Taiwan. Yen also visited the country where she trained early childhood teachers and volunteers to help children and their families deal with the effects of the natural disaster.

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The Baysider : Fall 2010, Bayside Neighborhood Association Sep 2010

The Baysider : Fall 2010, Bayside Neighborhood Association

The Baysider

The Baysider (1999 - 2018) a community newspaper, published by the Bayside Neighborhood Association. Bayside is an inner-city Portland neighborhood flanked by Parkside, Back Cove, Downtown (a.k.a. Intown), and the East End. Feature articles focused on Bayside, though also included many city themes.

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Kids Are Different, Stephen St.Vincent Sep 2010

Kids Are Different, Stephen St.Vincent

Michigan Law Review First Impressions

The Supreme Court recently handed down its decision in Graham v. Florida. The case involved a juvenile, Graham, who was sentenced to life in prison after being convicted as an adult of a nonhomicidal crime. The offense, a home invasion robbery, was his second; the first was attempted robbery. Due to Florida's abolition of parole, the judge's imposition of a life sentence meant that Graham was constructively sentenced to life without parole for a nonhomicide crime. Graham challenged this sentence as unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment. Somewhat surprisingly, the Supreme Court invalidated Graham's sentence by a 6-3 majority. By a …

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Strong Medicine: Toward Effective Sentencing Of Child Pornography Offenders, Kristin Carlson Sep 2010

Strong Medicine: Toward Effective Sentencing Of Child Pornography Offenders, Kristin Carlson

Michigan Law Review First Impressions

In recent years, possessors of child pornography have entered the federal criminal justice at an alarming rate. In 2006, child pornography cases accounted for sixty-nine percent of the child exploitation cases that were prosecuted federally. Average federal sentences for these offenses also rose sharply, by about 300 percent over the past fourteen years. The mean sentence imposed for child pornography offenses increased from thirty-six months in 1994 to 109 months by 2008. The severe sentences imposed on possessors of child pornography in federal courts have inspired an ongoing deb ate. Critics feel the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines are too harsh on …

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Kids Count The State Of The Child In Tennessee 2010, Tennessee. Commission On Children & Youth. Aug 2010

Kids Count The State Of The Child In Tennessee 2010, Tennessee. Commission On Children & Youth.

The State of the Child in Tennessee

No abstract provided.

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Concurrent Associations Among Sleep Problems, Indicators Of Inadequate Sleep, Psychopathology, And Shared Risk Factors In A Population-Based Sample Of Healthy Ontario Children, J. Aimée Coulombe, Graham J. Reid, Michael H. Boyle, Yvonne Racine Aug 2010

Concurrent Associations Among Sleep Problems, Indicators Of Inadequate Sleep, Psychopathology, And Shared Risk Factors In A Population-Based Sample Of Healthy Ontario Children, J. Aimée Coulombe, Graham J. Reid, Michael H. Boyle, Yvonne Racine

Paediatrics Publications

Objectives Examine the contribution of sleep problems and indicators of inadequate sleep to psychopathology among children after accounting for shared risk and comorbid psychopathology. Methods Secondary analyses of cross-sectional data on 4- to 11-year-old (N = 1,550) children without chronic illness or developmental delay or disability. Parents provided information about sleep problems, indicators of inadequate sleep, symptoms of psychopathology, and risk factors for psychopathology. Teachers provided information about indicators of inadequate sleep and symptoms of psychopathology. Results Adjusting for risk factors and comorbid psychopathology, sleeping more than other children was related to parent-rated aggression. Nightmares and trouble sleeping were related …

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Parent Perceptions Of The Effectiveness Of Interventions For Sleep Problems In Children With Autism, Sarah Lynn Lemmons Jul 2010

Parent Perceptions Of The Effectiveness Of Interventions For Sleep Problems In Children With Autism, Sarah Lynn Lemmons

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to learn what interventions have been effective in alleviating sleep problems among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) according to parent report. This study also investigated resources from which parents received information regarding possible interventions and to what degree these resources were helpful. The participants in this study were 48 parents and caregivers of children with ASD from both the United States and Canada. Background information was attained from participants regarding themselves and their child with ASD. Participants then answered likert-type and open-ended questions regarding their child's sleep problem(s) and the resources they have …

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An Acoustic And Perceptual Investigation Of Contrastive Stress In Children, Anita Susan Dromey Jul 2010

An Acoustic And Perceptual Investigation Of Contrastive Stress In Children, Anita Susan Dromey

Theses and Dissertations

Key aspects of prosody have been studied in adults for a number of years; however, less attention has been paid to the acoustic patterns of prosody in children. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate how a group of 20 pre-adolescent children use prosody to mark contrastive stress compared to a control group of adult speakers. It was of interest to investigate whether the children's use of prosody differed between boys and girls or the part of speech being emphasized. The prosodic patterns of contrastive stress were evaluated in terms of duration, fundamental frequency, and intensity change …

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Pupil Participation In School Design, Andree Woodcock, Michelle Newman Jul 2010

Pupil Participation In School Design, Andree Woodcock, Michelle Newman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Over the last decade, UK policy interventions relating to the (re)design of schools have stressed the importance of pupil participation in programmes such as Building Schools for the Future, Academy Schools, and Primary Capital Funding. A two year project was conducted to explore the possibilities for, and present state of, pupil involvement in classroom (re)design and design decision-making. Through in-depth qualitative data drawn from pupils, school staff, Local Authority officers and other stakeholders, the relationships and tensions between the ideals of participatory design as expressed in national policy statements and the ways in which such participation is happening in practice …

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The Effects Of Consonantal Specificity, Articulatory Phonetics And Prosody In Young Infants' Lexical Acquisition, Victoria Farley Jul 2010

The Effects Of Consonantal Specificity, Articulatory Phonetics And Prosody In Young Infants' Lexical Acquisition, Victoria Farley

The Plymouth Student Scientist

The present study was designed to investigate the role of consonants within word-initial consonantal contrasts, articulatory phonetics (involving place of articulation and voicing features) and prosody in young infants’ lexical acquisition. The participants were twenty-four 25-month-old infants, who were recruited from the Babylab database at The University of Plymouth. All children participated in a modified name-categorisation task and the actual experiment involved the use of eight disyllable paired pseudowords. The results found that this age group were unable to learn phonetically similar pseudowords that had a consonantal contrast and were unable to distinguish between word-initial contrasts that used articulatory phonetic …

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Advice When Children Come Out: The Cultural “Tool Kits” Of Parents, Karin A. Martin, David J. Hutson, Emily Kazyak, Kristin S. Scherrer Jul 2010

Advice When Children Come Out: The Cultural “Tool Kits” Of Parents, Karin A. Martin, David J. Hutson, Emily Kazyak, Kristin S. Scherrer

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

The family is one of the main areas of social life where the normalization of gay and lesbian identity is incomplete. Most research analyzes the individual and psychological aspects of how families respond to children’s disclosure of a gay or lesbian identity and ignores the social, cultural, and historical contexts. An examination of the cultural discourses, tools, and strategies that are available to parents is necessary for a full understanding of how families respond to gay and lesbian children. The authors conduct an interpretive content analysis of 29 advice books to assess this cultural field and its institutional resources. They …

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Women's Compliance In Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment: The Role Of Children And Mental Health, Cathy Gertrude Cooke Jul 2010

Women's Compliance In Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment: The Role Of Children And Mental Health, Cathy Gertrude Cooke

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of children and mental illness in women's compliance in a treatment program for substance abuse. Information was retrieved from medical records of female clients ( N=221) who took part in a community-based day treatment program for substance abuse in a large city in southeastern Virginia during a 32-month period. It was anticipated that, as compared to women who resided with minor children, women who did not reside with minor children would have greater treatment success defined as: (1) more days in the treatment program; (2) higher percentage of negative …

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Drug Compliance In Epileptic Children In Sulaymani Governate, Salem Rahma, Ibrihem Khasro Jun 2010

Drug Compliance In Epileptic Children In Sulaymani Governate, Salem Rahma, Ibrihem Khasro

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Compliance behavior depends on the specific clinical situation, the nature of the illness, and the treatment program. OBJECTIVE: Determine the rate of drug compliance in families caring for a child or adolescent with epilepsy and to describe some associated factors. METHODS: Two hundred patients with epilepsy under 18 years of age, who were attending the pediatric clinic for a twelve month period (August 2007-August 2008) and their families, were interviewed. RESULTS: Drug compliance was satisfactory in 123(62.5%) and was poor in 77(37.5%) of the patients according to their self or parental report. Age of the patient, gender, residence, …

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Help-Seeking And Utilization Patterns Among African American And Caucasian Mothers And Fathers: An Examination Of Parental Problem Recognition, Barriers, And Beliefs, Idia Binitie Thurston Jun 2010

Help-Seeking And Utilization Patterns Among African American And Caucasian Mothers And Fathers: An Examination Of Parental Problem Recognition, Barriers, And Beliefs, Idia Binitie Thurston

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The underutilization of mental health services is a pervasive problem that persists despite efforts by researchers and interventionists to make treatment accessible. Several factors have been hypothesized to contribute to these underutilization rates including sociopolitical factors (financial and structural barriers), and cultural/familial factors (race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, age, marital status, attitudes, beliefs, and stigma). The current study set out to explore patterns of child mental health service utilization based on parents' perceptions. Guided by "The Youth Help-Seeking and Service Utilization Model," the relationship between parental problem recognition and willingness to seek formal and informal help as influenced by parents' …

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When Nurture Becomes Nature: Ethnocentrism In Studies Of Human Development, David F. Lancy Jun 2010

When Nurture Becomes Nature: Ethnocentrism In Studies Of Human Development, David F. Lancy

Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology Faculty Publications

This commentary will extend the territory claimed in the target article by identifying several other areas in the social sciences where findings from the WEIRD population have been over-generalized. An argument is made that the root problem is the ethnocentrism of scholars, textbook authors, and social commentators, which leads them to take their own cultural values as the norm.

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The Influence Of Music On The Development Of Children, Theresa Riforgiate, Christopher Chau Jun 2010

The Influence Of Music On The Development Of Children, Theresa Riforgiate, Christopher Chau

Psychology and Child Development

Listening to classical music, like Mozart, is wonderful way to expand one's musical taste. Contrary to popular beliefs, however, this passive engagement with music does not make your child smarter. However, research demonstrates that active participation in music and music instruction help develop memory, perception, language, vocabulary, spoken skills, and reading skills. In order to disseminate these findings, we compiled a list of different opportunities around San Luis Obispo for children's active participation in music. Our goal is to provide parents with a resource to help them facilitate their children's involvement in music.

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Cognitive Biases In Childhood Anxiety Disorders: Do Interpretive And Judgment Biases Distinguish Anxious Youth From Their Non-Anxious Peers?, Melinda Cannon May 2010

Cognitive Biases In Childhood Anxiety Disorders: Do Interpretive And Judgment Biases Distinguish Anxious Youth From Their Non-Anxious Peers?, Melinda Cannon

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive biases in clinically anxious children compared to normal children and to determine if cognitive biases could discriminate anxious youth from non-anxious youth. Two specific cognitive biases were the focus of the present study—interpretive biases (i.e., the tendency to interpret neutral stimuli in a negative way) and judgment biases (i.e., a lowered estimate of one's ability to cope with a threatening situation). Twenty-four youth comprised the anxiety disordered sample and were each matched to two normal youth on four demographic variables (gender, age, ethnicity, and family income level), thus the matched comparison …

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African American Children Living In Urban Environments: An Investigation Of Early Literacy And The Influence Of Psychological Strengths And Family Support, Pia Stanard May 2010

African American Children Living In Urban Environments: An Investigation Of Early Literacy And The Influence Of Psychological Strengths And Family Support, Pia Stanard

Theses and Dissertations

Literacy is a basic fundamental skill for academic, professional, and social success in our culture. Children with low exposure to reading can experience reading difficulties, diminished cognitive development, and poor academic outcomes. Inconsistency in the conceptualization of early literacy has hampered research and development of successful, translational early literacy interventions, particularly for children from low-income households. Preschoolers from low-income, urban backgrounds (n = 426), including 221 females and 205 males aged 35 - 60 months (M = 47.46, SD = 6.44) participated in an investigation of the latent factorial structure of early literacy. The study also explored whether children’s psychological …

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Emotion Understanding And Social Competence In Balanced Bilinguals And Language-Dominant Children, Katrina Meza May 2010

Emotion Understanding And Social Competence In Balanced Bilinguals And Language-Dominant Children, Katrina Meza

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The present study investigated the development of emotion understanding and social competence among 106 culturally and linguistically diverse children (50 girls and 56 boys). It investigated if there were differences in the development of emotion understanding and social competence between balanced bilinguals and language-dominant children. Balanced bilinguals outperformed language-dominant children on two advanced tasks of emotion understanding, in which they evidenced an increased understanding that emotions can be based on desires and that emotions can be hidden. Balanced bilinguals and language-dominant children follow a similar developmental trajectory on emotion understanding. There were no significant differences between language groups in social …

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Attitudes Of Parents At Risk Of Inheriting Li-Fraumeni Syndrome To Wards Predictive Genetic Testing In Their Minor-Aged Children., Leslie A. Newman May 2010

Attitudes Of Parents At Risk Of Inheriting Li-Fraumeni Syndrome To Wards Predictive Genetic Testing In Their Minor-Aged Children., Leslie A. Newman

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary cancer syndrome which predisposes individuals to cancer beginning in childhood. These risks are spread across a lifetime, from early childhood to adulthood. Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene are known to cause the majority of cases of LFS. The risk for early onset cancer in individuals with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome is high. Studies have shown that individuals with LFS have a 90% lifetime cancer risk. Children under 18 have up to a 15% chance of cancer development. Effectiveness of cancer screening and management in individuals with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome is unclear. Screening for LFS-associated cancers …

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"All The World's A Stage": Parental Ethnotheories And Children's Extracurricular Activities, Mary Annette Grove May 2010

"All The World's A Stage": Parental Ethnotheories And Children's Extracurricular Activities, Mary Annette Grove

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the United States, educators, parents, policy makers, politicians, the media, researchers, and practitioners in many academic fields have taken an interest in outcomes for children aged 6 to 14 who participate in extracurricular activities outside of school time. Very little research examines parents' beliefs about and behaviors surrounding their children's participation in extracurricular activities. Yet, it may be parents' beliefs that guide choices about and persistence in extracurricular activities. This study used a phenomenonlogical and qualitative approach toward understanding parents' ideas and beliefs about their child's participation in extracurricular activities. These ideas and beliefs or parental ethnotheories are what …

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Anthropometric Measurements Used To Assess Adiposity In African American Elementary School Children, Jack Pennington May 2010

Anthropometric Measurements Used To Assess Adiposity In African American Elementary School Children, Jack Pennington

Theses and Dissertations

Over nine million children 6-17 years old are overweight in the United States. They may face the highest risk ever for overweight, obesity, and associated health problems as adults. This study’s purpose was to evaluate adiposity measurement methods in children by comparing accuracy, cost effectiveness, ease of use, and practicality. IRB approval, parental consent and student assent were obtained. Data were collected by trained employees at six elementary schools on 789 subjects for boys (n= 391) and girls (n=398) 5-11 years old African American children. Hip and waist circumferences, height, and weight were collected. BMI, Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR), …

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Implementation Of The Wiegand Sun Safety Program Into Physicians’ Offices In Southern Nevada, Breanne Eddington May 2010

Implementation Of The Wiegand Sun Safety Program Into Physicians’ Offices In Southern Nevada, Breanne Eddington

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

In this study Nevada Cancer Institute’s Wiegand Sun Safety Program was implemented in 14 clinics in Southern Nevada as a pilot run to increase awareness in children and their guardians through educational materials in pediatricians’ and family physicians’ offices. It was hypothesized that the increased display of information regarding sun safety and skin cancer in physicians’ offices would increase patient and guardian awareness of the subject and increase the likelihood of patients and/or guardians asking their physician questions about skin cancer and sun safety, resulting in an increase in preventive actions by guardians to protect their children from damaging rays …

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