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It's Time To Start Showing A Little Restraint: In Search Of A Compromise On Federal Seclusion And Restraint Legislation, Cali Cope-Kasten Sep 2013

It's Time To Start Showing A Little Restraint: In Search Of A Compromise On Federal Seclusion And Restraint Legislation, Cali Cope-Kasten

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

In 2009, the United States House of Representatives heard testimony that hundreds of students had been injured in schools by teachers secluding or physically restraining them. Congress had never legislated on seclusion and restraint, but the alarming allegations of student injuries and deaths prompted many parents to demand a ban on the use of the techniques in schools. In the continuing debate, school officials have protested that seclusion and restraint are important tools for teachers to protect their classrooms from out-of-control students. Torn between these two extreme positions, Congress has twice attempted — but failed — to pass federal legislation …

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Identifying Barriers And Facilitators Of Successful School-Based Mental Health And Behavioral Programs Delivered In The Context Of Urban Poverty: A Qualitative Exploration Of Perspectives From Service Providers And Youth, Farahnaz K. Farahmand Aug 2013

Identifying Barriers And Facilitators Of Successful School-Based Mental Health And Behavioral Programs Delivered In The Context Of Urban Poverty: A Qualitative Exploration Of Perspectives From Service Providers And Youth, Farahnaz K. Farahmand

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this study was to identify the barriers and facilitators of successful mental health and/or behavioral programs implemented within inner-city schools. The impetus for this study came from prior meta-analytic research which demonstrated programs being offered within inner-city schools, as a whole, showed very low effect sizes, with many of the programs offered to youth within these settings showing iatrogenic effects. The use of qualitative methods, specifically a phenomenological approach, provided an in-depth understanding of 1) service providers' experience(s) delivering mental health and/or behavioral programs in inner-city schools; and, 2) low-income, urban youths' experience(s) with receiving school-based mental …

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Flavonol-Rich Dark Cocoa Significantly Decreases Plasma Endothelin-1 And Improves Cognition In Urban Children, Partha S. Mukherjee Aug 2013

Flavonol-Rich Dark Cocoa Significantly Decreases Plasma Endothelin-1 And Improves Cognition In Urban Children, Partha S. Mukherjee

Mathematics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Air pollution exposures are linked to systemic inflammation, cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality, neuroinflammation and neuropathology in young urbanites. In particular, most Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) children exhibit subtle cognitive deficits, and neuropathology studies show 40% of them exhibiting frontal tau hyperphosphorylation and 51% amyloid-β diffuse plaques (compared to 0% in low pollution control children). We assessed whether a short cocoa intervention can be effective in decreasing plasma endothelin 1 (ET-1) and/or inflammatory mediators in MCMA children. Thirty gram of dark cocoa with 680 mg of total flavonols were given daily for 10.11 ± 3.4 days (range 9–24 …

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Book In A Bag: An Integrated Approach To Social Skills Instruction, Jennae Thomas, Dr. Michelle Marchant Aug 2013

Book In A Bag: An Integrated Approach To Social Skills Instruction, Jennae Thomas, Dr. Michelle Marchant

Journal of Undergraduate Research

There is a much needed improvement in American school children’s behavior skills. Evidence of this concern comes from the increase in disciplinary referrals, suspensions, and expulsions (Sugai, G., Horner, R., Dunlap, G., Hieneman, M., Lewis, T., Nelson, C., et al 2000). With more effort and time directed at implementing these disciplinary actions, teachers are required to spend less time fulfilling their lesson plans. However, by including social skills in the normal curriculum, teachers would be able to use a universal preventive measure of educating, thus lowering the need for disciplinary intervention later. The research supports this offensive measure or “front-loaded” …

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Using Behavioral And Physiological Measures Of Anxiety In Autism, Katherine Taylor, Dr. Mikle South Aug 2013

Using Behavioral And Physiological Measures Of Anxiety In Autism, Katherine Taylor, Dr. Mikle South

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of my study was to examine behavioral and physiological measures of anxiety in an effort to understand the appearance of anxiousness in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). With the help of my mentor, Dr Mikle South, and his other research assistants, I modified Ned Kalin’s (e.g., 2003) human intruder paradigm for monkeys, originally based on Ainsworth’s “Strange Situation” (Ainsworth & Bell, 1970) for use with children. The phases of the experiment proceeded as follows:

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The Efficacy Of Using Animal-Assisted Therapy To Decrease Maladaptive Behaviors In Children With Reactive Attachment Disorder, Trisha Markle, Dr. Gary Burlingame Aug 2013

The Efficacy Of Using Animal-Assisted Therapy To Decrease Maladaptive Behaviors In Children With Reactive Attachment Disorder, Trisha Markle, Dr. Gary Burlingame

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This study is currently still in progress. We are in the final stages of a pilot study that was supported by this ORCA grant. A new and funded version of the study will begin in January based upon the findings of the pilot. As noted in our IRB, our pilot study was conducted as a quality improvement project at Utah State hospital (USH).

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Tantruming And Talking: Measuring Treatment Outcome In Preschool Autism Treatment Programs, Jaime Ballard, Dr. Mikle South Aug 2013

Tantruming And Talking: Measuring Treatment Outcome In Preschool Autism Treatment Programs, Jaime Ballard, Dr. Mikle South

Journal of Undergraduate Research

One in every 133 children in Utah has autism, a disorder characterized by poor social and communication skills (U.S. Autism Rate Soars Twentyfold in 20 Years, 2007). These rates are climbing across the nation. As more children are born with these disorders, schools and other educational facilities are struggling to develop proven programs to help these children function on a daily level. These programs, and the surveys designed to assess their effectiveness, often do not take into consideration which behaviors are most important to parents and teachers of children with autism. Parents and teachers are in the best position to …

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The Effect Of Robot-Child Interactions On Social Attention And Verbalization Patterns Of Typically Developing Children And Children With Autism Between 4 And 8 Years, Sudha Srinivasan, Anjana Bhat Aug 2013

The Effect Of Robot-Child Interactions On Social Attention And Verbalization Patterns Of Typically Developing Children And Children With Autism Between 4 And 8 Years, Sudha Srinivasan, Anjana Bhat

Open Access Author Fund Awardees' Articles

Background: There is anecdotal evidence for the use of robots to facilitate prosocial behaviors such as joint attention and verbalization in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). However, there have been no normative data in typically developing children to evaluate the effects of robot-child interactions on social and communication skills. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the changes in social attention and verbalization skills of 15 typically developing (TD) children, using a structured 8-session imitation protocol within a robot-adult-child context. We further extended this imitation protocol to two children with ASDs. Methods: Pretest, session1, session 4, session …

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An Investigation Of The Association Between Arithmetic Achievement And Symbolic And Nonsymbolic Magnitude Processing In 5-9 Year-Old Children: Evidence From A Paper-And-Pencil Test, Nadia Nosworthy Aug 2013

An Investigation Of The Association Between Arithmetic Achievement And Symbolic And Nonsymbolic Magnitude Processing In 5-9 Year-Old Children: Evidence From A Paper-And-Pencil Test, Nadia Nosworthy

Faculty Publications

Recently, there has been a growing emphasis on basic number processing competencies (such as the ability to judge which of two numbers is larger) and their role in predicting individual differences in school-relevant math achievement. Children’s ability to compare both symbolic (e.g. Arabic numerals) and nonsymbolic (e.g. dot arrays) magnitudes has been found to correlate with their math achievement. The available evidence, however, has focused on computerized paradigms, which may not always be suitable for universal, quick application in the classroom. Furthermore, it is currently unclear whether both symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude comparison are related to children’s performance on tests …

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The Influence Of Person Familiarity On Children's Social Information Processing, Andrew J. Cummings Aug 2013

The Influence Of Person Familiarity On Children's Social Information Processing, Andrew J. Cummings

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This study examined the influence person familiarity has on children's social information processing (SIP) choices and emotion recognition. Children in grades 2nd through 5th watch a videotaped expression of a familiar or unfamiliar individual while listening to a hypothetical social interaction. Following the video clip, children responded to open-ended questions and prompted questions designed to assess their strategies and goals in the social interaction. Children also selected from two choices (either `on purpose' or `by accident') for their attribution of the individual's intent. Last, children identified the emotion that they believed the individual in the video was experiencing the most. …

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Linguistic Constraints On Children's Overt Marking Of Be By Dialect And Age, Joseph Roy, Janna B. Oetting, Christy Wynn Moland Jul 2013

Linguistic Constraints On Children's Overt Marking Of Be By Dialect And Age, Joseph Roy, Janna B. Oetting, Christy Wynn Moland

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Overt marking of BE in nonmainstream adult dialects of English is influenced by a number of linguistic constraints, including the structure's person, number, tense, contractibility, and grammatical function. In the current study, the authors examined the effects of these constraints on overt marking of BE in children as a function of their nonmainstream English dialect and age. Method: The data were language samples from 62 children, ages 4-6 years; 24 children spoke African American English (AAE), and 38 spoke Southern White English (SWE). Analyses included analysis of variance and logistic regression. Results: Rates of overt marking varied by the …

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Raising Children With Type 1 Diabetes And Celiac Disease: Parental Experiences, Kerri Louise Erickson Jul 2013

Raising Children With Type 1 Diabetes And Celiac Disease: Parental Experiences, Kerri Louise Erickson

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to examine parental experiences and challenges raising children with both T1DM and CD. Twenty-six families, including 30 parents (25 mothers, 4 fathers, and one custodial grandmother), participated in a 30-60 minute audio-recorded interview designed to explore parental experiences raising children with both T1DM and CD. Participants were asked IRB approved open-ended questions about their experiences raising a child with both diseases. Direct quotations best representing categories/sub-categories were identified through selective coding. Analysis revealed seven main themes: Six themes parents are concerned about, including (a) their child's health complications, b) the challenges of …

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A Two-Minute Paper And Pencil Test Of Symbolic And Nonsymbolic Numerical Magnitude Processing Explains Variability In Primary School Children’S Arithmetic Competence, Nadia Nosworthy, Stephanie Bugden, Lisa Archibald, Barrie Evans, Daniel Ansari Jul 2013

A Two-Minute Paper And Pencil Test Of Symbolic And Nonsymbolic Numerical Magnitude Processing Explains Variability In Primary School Children’S Arithmetic Competence, Nadia Nosworthy, Stephanie Bugden, Lisa Archibald, Barrie Evans, Daniel Ansari

Faculty Publications

Recently, there has been a growing emphasis on basic number processing competencies (such as the ability to judge which of two numbers is larger) and their role in predicting individual differences in school-relevant math achievement. Children’s ability to compare both symbolic (e.g. Arabic numerals) and nonsymbolic (e.g. dot arrays) magnitudes has been found to correlate with their math achievement. The available evidence, however, has focused on computerized paradigms, which may not always be suitable for universal, quick application in the classroom. Furthermore, it is currently unclear whether both symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude comparison are related to children’s performance on tests …

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Neurophysiological Processing Of Emotion And Parenting Interact To Predict Inhibited Behavior: An Affective-Motivational Framework, Ellen M. Kessel, Rebecca F. Huselid, Jennifer M. Decicco, Tracy A. Dennis Jul 2013

Neurophysiological Processing Of Emotion And Parenting Interact To Predict Inhibited Behavior: An Affective-Motivational Framework, Ellen M. Kessel, Rebecca F. Huselid, Jennifer M. Decicco, Tracy A. Dennis

Publications and Research

Although inhibited behavior problems are prevalent in childhood, relatively little is known about the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that predict a child's ability to regulate inhibited behavior during fear- and anxiety-provoking tasks. Inhibited behavior may be linked to both disruptions in avoidance-related processing of aversive stimuli and in approach-related processing of appetitive stimuli, but previous findings are contradictory and rarely integrate consideration of the socialization context. The current exploratory study used a novel combination of neurophysiological and observation-based methods to examine whether a neurophysiological measure sensitive to approach- and avoidance-oriented emotional processing, the late positive potential (LPP), interacted with observed …

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Interpreting Children's Dreams Through Humanistic Sandtray Therapy, Karrie L. Swan, April A. Schottelkorb Jul 2013

Interpreting Children's Dreams Through Humanistic Sandtray Therapy, Karrie L. Swan, April A. Schottelkorb

Counselor Education Faculty Publications and Presentations

Children’s dreams often depict waking-life events and experiences. Although dream work therapy for adults is fairly established, recommendations for processing children’s dreams appear fractional. Because of the distinct developmental needs of children, we postulated that sandtray therapy might assist children to express and discover enlarged meanings in dreams. In this article, we present the Sandtray for Interpreting Childhood Dreams (SICD) intervention for the purpose of potentially helping children gain insight into how their dreams may be related to past and present waking-life experiences. An explanation and application of the model is presented, and the developmental rationale for using the SICD …

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Effect Of A Voice Recognition System On Paediatric Outpatient Medication Errors, Angela Nyangore Migowa Jul 2013

Effect Of A Voice Recognition System On Paediatric Outpatient Medication Errors, Angela Nyangore Migowa

Master of Medicine in Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Medication errors have potential to cause harm and death; especially children who are three times more vulnerable than adults. Risk of medication errors is higher in out- patient settings due to a stressful work environment with less familiarity of individual patients. This problem in sub-Saharan Africa is however largely undetermined. A Voice Recognition System that converts verbal messages into text and stores it in a database in a retrievable format could impact on reduction of medication errors. Objectives: The primary objective was to compare medication prescription and dispensing errors in written prescriptions with those from a Voice Recognition System. …

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Same-Sex Divorce In The United States: Protecting The Interests Of The Children, Joan Catherine Bohl Jul 2013

Same-Sex Divorce In The United States: Protecting The Interests Of The Children, Joan Catherine Bohl

University of Miami Race & Social Justice Law Review

In light of recent political, legal, and legislative developments, the status of same-sex couples across the United States has become increasingly complex. This article focuses on the issue of same-sex divorce in a mobile society. When a same-sex couple moves from a state recognizing same-sex marriage—or from Canada—to a state that does not expressly recognize same-sex marriage, dissolution of that marriage can become a byzantine problem much more complex than a state’s “official” position on same-sex marriage. Relevant factors can range from the state’s legislative and executive pronouncements affecting homosexual citizens in areas such as pension benefits and health plans …

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Mapping Children’S Experiences: Adapting Contextmapping Tools To Child Participants, Mathieu Gielen Jun 2013

Mapping Children’S Experiences: Adapting Contextmapping Tools To Child Participants, Mathieu Gielen

Nordes Conference Series

Within the area of user-centered design, Contextmapping is an approach to participatory user experience research that provides designers and user researchers with a clear workflow and hands-on toolkit. It acknowledges the user as the expert of his or her own experiences and aims to deliver rich insights to designers: deep, authentic and inspiring views into the personal lives and experiences of prospective users. This approach is originally developed for use with adult participants. As it gets applied with child participants, some adaptations are necessary to meet children’s skills (both cognitively and socialemotionally) and motivations. We conducted a series of research …

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Kids Count The State Of The Child In Tennessee 2012, Tennessee. Commission On Children & Youth. Jun 2013

Kids Count The State Of The Child In Tennessee 2012, Tennessee. Commission On Children & Youth.

The State of the Child in Tennessee

No abstract provided.

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Large-Scale Network Organization In The Avian Forebrain: A Connectivity Matrix And Theoretical Analysis, Verner Peter Bingman, Murray Shanahan, Toru Shimizu, Martin Wild, Onur Güntürkün Jun 2013

Large-Scale Network Organization In The Avian Forebrain: A Connectivity Matrix And Theoretical Analysis, Verner Peter Bingman, Murray Shanahan, Toru Shimizu, Martin Wild, Onur Güntürkün

Psychology Faculty Publications

Many species of birds, including pigeons, possess demonstrable cognitive capacities, and some are capable of cognitive feats matching those of apes. Since mammalian cortex is laminar while the avian telencephalon is nucleated, it is natural to ask whether the brains of these two cognitively capable taxa, despite their apparent anatomical dissimilarities, might exhibit common principles of organization on some level. Complementing recent investigations of macro-scale brain connectivity in mammals, including humans and macaques, we here present the first large-scale "wiring diagram" for the forebrain of a bird. Using graph theory, we show that the pigeon telencephalon is organized along similar …

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When The Cradle Falls: The Subversion, Secrets, And Sentimentality Of Lullabies, Lauren R. Castro Jun 2013

When The Cradle Falls: The Subversion, Secrets, And Sentimentality Of Lullabies, Lauren R. Castro

Music

No abstract provided.

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Auto-Motives: Unraveling The Riddle Of Alternative Transportation To School, Mikki Amano Mcdaniel Jun 2013

Auto-Motives: Unraveling The Riddle Of Alternative Transportation To School, Mikki Amano Mcdaniel

Master's Theses

Over the last 40 years, there has been a dramatic increase nationwide in the rate of children being driven to school in a private vehicle in the U.S., exacerbating problems from traffic congestion to childhood obesity. While many studies have focused on walking and cycling for the trip to school, few explore parental decision making and the interaction between all travel modes. This study conducts a survey of parents of children attending six elementary schools in San Luis Obispo regarding their children’s travel to school. It explores factors in mode choice, establishes local travel patterns for children, and describes parents’ …

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Move Montana: An Exercise Program For Children, Adolescents, And Their Families, Deanna Lynn Babb May 2013

Move Montana: An Exercise Program For Children, Adolescents, And Their Families, Deanna Lynn Babb

Dissertations

Despite advances in medical science, the prevalence of obesity in the US has more than doubled in the last three decades, to over 72 million people (CDC, 2009). The purpose of this project was to pilot an exercise program that would increase physical activity in a group of adolescents and one of their parents or guardians. A convenient sample of 10 adults and eight adolescents returned surveys and exercised through the entire eight weeks (N = 18). Ten of the 18 participants (56%), six parents and four adolescents, reported increased frequency of exercise each week throughout the eight week period. …

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Current Needs And Response To Suicidal Behavior At The Elementary School Level: A Survey Of Virginia School Psychologists, Kelsey R. Cutchins May 2013

Current Needs And Response To Suicidal Behavior At The Elementary School Level: A Survey Of Virginia School Psychologists, Kelsey R. Cutchins

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

While minimal information on suicidal behavior at the elementary school level is available, a review of the existing literature demonstrates the erroneous belief that children lack the developmental maturity to understand the concept of death and suicide. To better understand prevalence rates of suicidal behavior in elementary school-aged children, interventions offered to those children, reported levels of practitioner competence, and overall preparedness of elementary school personnel in appropriately addressing suicidal behavior demonstrated by their students, the researcher surveyed 155 Virginia school psychologists. Results from the online survey revealed that while suicidal behavior in elementary school-aged students is rare, school-based professionals …

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Emotion Regulation In European American And Hong Kong Chinese Middle School Children, Kayan Phoebe Wan May 2013

Emotion Regulation In European American And Hong Kong Chinese Middle School Children, Kayan Phoebe Wan

Dissertations, 2014-2019

This study explored emotion regulation strategies in middle school European American (N = 54) and Hong Kong Chinese (N =89) children. Based on Gross’s theory (1998), the Survey of Emotion Regulation Strategies was designed to study children’s perceived effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies (deep breathing, thinking positively, situation avoidance, talking and suppression) in three fictitious scenarios associated with sadness, anger, and fear. Five mixed ANOVAs were conducted to evaluate the effect of culture, gender and the type of emotion on each emotion regulation strategy. The results demonstrated that American children considered deep breathing more effective in dealing with anger than …

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Parenting Styles And Their Relation To Child Activity Levels, Jessica Sibley May 2013

Parenting Styles And Their Relation To Child Activity Levels, Jessica Sibley

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

This study was designed to examine the relationship between parenting styles and how they recorded their child’s activity levels. An 18 question survey was available to participants that asked questions in reference to the parenting style they feel they associate with most, as well as questions regarding their child’s hyperactivity, sleeping patterns, eating patterns, and their daily activity.

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An Application Of Acceptance And Commitment Therapy As It Relates To Children, Laura Anne Wright May 2013

An Application Of Acceptance And Commitment Therapy As It Relates To Children, Laura Anne Wright

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

This paper expounds upon a modem therapy which has emerged as an effective, albeit less conventional, mode for the treatment of people with Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, or ACT, is a therapy based on the premise that an effective way of coping with unwanted cognitions, such as those present in OCD, is for one to focus on life ideals and values. This approach contrasts with the conventional method of remedying the symptoms of a mental disorder such as OCD before pursuing life goals. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy has several dimensions which will be discussed.

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Forgotten Fathers, Daniel L. Hatcher May 2013

Forgotten Fathers, Daniel L. Hatcher

All Faculty Scholarship

Poor fathers like John are largely forgotten, written off as a subset of the unworthy poor. These fathers struggle with poverty – often with near hopelessness – within multiple systems in which they are either entangled or overlooked, such as child-support and welfare programs, family courts, the criminal justice system, housing programs, and the healthcare, education, and foster-care systems. For these impoverished fathers, the “end of men” is often not simply a question for purposes of discussion but a fact that is all too real. In the instances in which poor fathers are not forgotten, they are targeted as causes …

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Determinants Of Food Insecurity Among Vulnerable White And Latino Households: Contextualizing The Impact Of Sociodemographic And Household-Level Factors, Alexandra Lund May 2013

Determinants Of Food Insecurity Among Vulnerable White And Latino Households: Contextualizing The Impact Of Sociodemographic And Household-Level Factors, Alexandra Lund

Master's Theses

Household-level characteristics have been shown to be associated with food insecurity but studies among vulnerable populations are sparse. A food security assessment was developed to determine food security and collect sociodemographic and household level data across San Luis Obispo County. The assessments were administered to vulnerable groups through interviews at multiple sites across the County. Three household characteristics (marital status, number of children in the household and number of workers in the household) were examined in this analysis. A total of 808 surveys were collected, 69% in English and 31% in Spanish. Through ethnicity-stratified sequentially adjusted logistic regression models, the …

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Social Story Intervention For Children With Autism To Decrease Challenging Behaviors During Homework, Arianna Doss May 2013

Social Story Intervention For Children With Autism To Decrease Challenging Behaviors During Homework, Arianna Doss

Psychology

Researchers have created interventions to improve the social behavior and communication of children with autism spectrum disorder. One such intervention is called Social Stories, which describes social situations and their corresponding appropriate behaviors in order to help children with autism better understand social cues. Although several studies indicate the usefulness of this intervention, more evidence is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of social stories in decreasing challenging behaviors of first-graders with autism during homework time and to measure changes in parental stress and family quality of life. Homework time was chosen because children with autism experience homework …

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