Digital Commons Network^™

Retention Of Low Income Children In Three Dental Studies Investigating Early Childhood Caries, Ann H. Saba, John J. Warren, Karin Weber-Gasparoni, Deborah V. Dawson

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: To our knowledge no dental studies have looked closely at subject retention, which is crucial to better understand oral health disparities. In this paper, we report retention rates and review and attempt to assess which retention strategies utilized in 3 dental research studies investigating ECC were effective for retaining WIC-enrolled children. The purpose of this paper is to discuss challenges that were encountered when working with these populations, describe characteristics of those not retained, and summarize some recommendations for future dental studies working at WIC sites. Methods: Three dental studies were conducted at WIC clinics in Iowa. Retention strategies …

Here's The New Champ : Dr. Shirali Announces App For Infants With Heart Defects, Children's Mercy Hospital

Our Story Continues

News articles about the Cardiac High-Acuity Monitoring Program developed under Dr. Gigish Shirali's leadership which reduces mortality among children with single ventricle heart defects. This CHAMP app has since been used by other children's hospitals with continued success.

Factors Associated With Physical Activity In Kindergarten Children, Carol L. Hammonds, Janet C. Meininger

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Session presented on Sunday, July 27, 2014:

Purpose: Reversing obesity is an urgent public health need for children: worldwide, in 2011 more than 40 million children under the age of five were overweight 1. Increasing intensity and duration of physical activity (PA) is a strategy to aid in preventing and reducing obesity. According to limited available research, PA in kindergarten children is decreasing below recommended guidelines and sedentary behavior is increasing 2; the potential to change the obesity trajectory, however, is greater in early childhood when healthy behaviors are 'imprinted' and entrenched 3. More than 11,207,000 children in the United …

The Family Partners For Health Study: A Randomized Cluster Control Trial For Child And Parent Weight Management, Diane C. Berry, Madeline Neal, Natnaree Aimyong, Robert G. Mcmurray, Gail D'Eramo Melkus, Emily Gail Hall, Todd A. Schwartz, Dean J. Amatuli

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Session presented on Sunday, July 27, 2014:

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test a two-phased nutrition and exercise education, coping skills training, and exercise intervention for overweight or obese low-income ethnic minority 2nd to 4th grade children and their parents in rural North Carolina, U.S.

Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out with 358 children (7-10 years) and a parent (n = 358). General linear mixed models were used to determine the effects of the intervention on weight, adiposity, health behaviors and eating and exercise self-efficacy by examining changes in children and parents from baseline …

Cultural Relevance Of The Healthy Choices Intervention Program, Diana L. Jacobson

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Session presented on Saturday, July 26, 2014:

Background: The burden of obesity and its health consequences disproportionately affects Hispanic children and families. In Arizona, nearly 18% of the state's children and adolescents are obese (up from 12.2% in 2003) with the rate rising by nearly 46% between 2003 and 2007. Researchers have determined that multi-component; comprehensive obesity interventions are feasible in the primary care setting. In addition, it has become evident that intervention effectiveness is improved when obesity interventions are individualized to address the family's social and cultural influences on health. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine …

Helicobacter-Pylori Negative Gastritis In Children—A New Clinical Enigma, Yoram Elitsur, Deborah L. Preston

Biochemistry and Microbiology

The decrease in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in children in the world gave rise to a new pathological finding termed as Hp-negative gastritis. Unfortunately, the term “Hp-negative gastritis” has not been identified as a pathological process and has the status of a “second cousin”; in most publications it was never mentioned as a subject to be dealt with, but was “left over” data that was never the topic of the manuscripts’ discussions. Only recently has the topic captured the attention of the pathologists who described this phenomenon in adults, yet the pathological and/or clinical spectrum or significance …

Kids Count The State Of The Child In Tennessee 2013, Tennessee. Commission On Children & Youth.

The State of the Child in Tennessee

No abstract provided.

Raising Their Children, Janelle R. Thompson

Student Publications

This personal essay depicts the story of an after school program established in the heart of a low-income neighborhood. It details the struggle the local children face in their failing schools district, and shows how the program, known as Little Wise Child, has been instrumental in making a positive difference in their lives.

Youth Transitions Advisory Council Annual Report 2014, Tennessee. Commission On Children And Youth.

Youth Transitions Advisory Council

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Exercise On Bmi Z-Score In Overweight And Obese Children And Adolescents: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, George A. Kelley, Kristi S. Kelley, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background: Overweight and obesity are major public health problems in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the effects of exercise (aerobic, strength or both) on body mass index (BMI) z-score in overweight and obese children and adolescents.

Methods: Studies were included if they were randomized controlled exercise intervention trials ≥ 4 weeks in overweight and obese children and adolescents 2 to 18 years of age, published in any language between 1990–2012 and in which data were available for BMI z-score. Studies were retrieved by searching eleven electronic databases, …

Family Role Towards Smoking Behaviour Among Children In Jakarta, Wahyu Septiono, Dan Wolf Meyrowitsch

Kesmas

In Indonesia, the prevalence of smoking among 5 – 9 years old children has increased from 0.4% in 2001 to 2% in 2007. Among present adults smokers (>20 years), 17% started to smoke before the age of 13 years. This study identified factors related to smoking behaviour among 8 – 12 years old children in Jakarta, Indonesia using a questionnaire based cross sectional survey to obtain smoking status and possible predictors towards smoking habit. The total sample size was 1,097 students among 3rd - 7th grade students from schools in Jakarta. Self-reported smoking status was defined as whether the …

Three-Year Change In The Wellbeing Of Orphaned And Separated Children In Institutional And Family-Based Care Settings In Five Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Kathryn Whetten, Jan Ostermann, Brian W. Pence, Rachel A. Whetten, Lynne C. Messer, Sumedha Ariely, Karen O'Donnell, Augustine I. Wasonga, Vanroth Vann, Dafrosa Itemba, Misganaw Eticha, Ira Madan, Nathan M. Thielman, The Positive Outcomes For Orphans (Pofo) Research Team

Faculty Publications

Background With more than 2 million children living in group homes, or “institutions”, worldwide, the extent to which institution-based caregiving negatively affects development and wellbeing is a central question for international policymakers.

Methods A two-stage random sampling methodology identified community representative samples of 1,357 institution-dwelling orphaned and separated children (OSC) and 1,480 family-dwelling OSC aged 6–12 from 5 low and middle income countries. Data were collected from children and their primary caregivers. Survey-analytic techniques and linear mixed effects models describe child wellbeing collected at baseline and at 36 months, including physical and emotional health, growth, cognitive development and memory, and …

Contributions Of After School Programs To The Development Of Fundamental Movement Skills In Children, E Jean Burrows, Melanie R. Keats, Angela M. Kolen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 236-249, 2014. Fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency or the ability to perform basic skills (e.g., throwing, catching and jumping) has been linked to participation in lifelong physical activity. FMS proficiency amongst children has declined in the previous 15 years, with more children performing FMS at a low-mastery level. These declines may help explain the insufficient levels of participation in health promoting physical activity seen in today’s youth. The after school time period (e.g., 3 to 6 p.m.), is increasingly considered an opportune time for physical activity interventions. To date, little research has examined …

Restructuring Local School Wellness Policies: Amending The Kids Act To Fight Childhood Obesity, Rebecca Edwalds

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Childhood obesity is a major problem plaguing the United States. Over one-third of children are overweight, and there is little indication that this trend will reverse in the near future. The federal government has attempted to combat childhood obesity through the National School Lunch Act, which regulates the quality of foods federally subsidized schools may serve to children, and provides broad goals for physical activity. These basic goals leave extensive room for states to implement different standards, and they are not sufficient to effectively confront the childhood obesity problem. This Note proposes amendments to the National School Lunch Act that …

The Truth About Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Myths Exposed, Caitlynn Oberhausen

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Children with type 1 diabetes, T1DM, live with a widely misunderstood, chronic disease. The daily management regimens and psychosocial aspect of T1DM bring attention to the child with diabetes. Myths and misconceptions of diabetes management abound. The intent of this research is to address myths and misconceptions by reading a children’s book, written and illustrated by the researcher, to students in grades 3-5 at a local elementary school and measuring change in knowledge with an assessment tool based on book content.

Dramatic Play Affordances Of Natural And Manufactured Outdoor Settings For Preschool-Aged Children, Kimberly K. Cloward Drown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Concern for child wellness has led play professionals to explore natural playscapes as a means to enhance free play and consequently child development. For preschool children, dramatic or make-believe play is particularly beneficial for enhancing cognitive, social, and emotional skill. Dramatic play in collaboration with other children (sociodramatic play) and, surpassing that, complex socio-dramatic play (group make-believe with a sustained theme that uses sophisticated symbolism) are most valuable for development.

This study compared natural and manufactured outdoor play settings to determine which provided the most opportunity for quality dramatic play. Twenty-four 3- to 5- year olds were observed during daily …

The Relationship Between Education, Self-Efficacy, And Aggregate Physical Fitness In Children, Richard Bomgardner

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this correlational study was to test the hypothesis that educational environment and level of physical activity self-efficacy relates to aggregate physical fitness levels in fifth-grade children in a Midwestern metropolitan community. Religious and public school children (N = 184) completed physical activity self-efficacy measures to examine their exercise and barrier status. These scores were compared to a FitnessGram® battery of physical fitness tests involving body composition, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance, and aerobic capacity to measure their total fitness levels. FitnessGram® scores were converted into a composite score measuring their healthy fitness zone status. Multiple Linear Regressions …

Sex-Trafficking In Cambodia: Assessing The Role Of Ngos In Rebuilding Cambodia, Katherine M. Wood

Senior Honors Theses

The anti-slavery and other freedom fighting movements of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries did not abolish all forms of slavery. Many forms of modern slavery thrive in countries all across the globe. The sex trafficking trade has intensified despite the advocacy of many human rights-based groups. Southeast Asia ranks very high in terms of the source, transit, and destination of sex trafficking. In particular, human trafficking of women and girls for the purpose of forced prostitution remains an increasing problem in Cambodia. Cambodia’s cultural traditions and the breakdown of law under the Khmer Rouge and Democratic Kampuchea have contributed to …

Research Summary: Testing Universal College Savings Accounts At Birth: Early Research From Seed For Oklahoma Kids, Sondra G. Beverly, Margaret M. Clancy, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

SEED for Oklahoma Kids is a large-scale policy test of automatic and progressive Child Development Accounts (CDAs), and it is the first truly universal model in the United States. The SEED OK CDA is universal in that it opens an Oklahoma 529 College Savings Plan (OK 529) account on behalf of every infant in the treatment group. This report summarizes key findings and conclusions from SEED for Oklahoma Kids research. Even at this early stage, SEED OK research is informing policy and the design of college savings plans at the state level. Amore recent summary of SEED OK research is …

Resource Map Of Expenditures For Tennessee Children, Annual Report To The Legislature 2014, Tennessee. Commission On Children And Youth.

Resource Map Report

No abstract provided.

Little Emperors And An Army Of Orphans: The Government’S Control Over The Idea Of Family In An Overpopulated World, Corinna L. Miller

Honors College Theses

This research elaborates on the connection between governmental policies for population control and the psychological effects felt by its citizens. Governments enact laws to form and shape their country, but when plans to benefit society as a whole overspill into the personal rights of families, there can be unforeseen consequences that span across cultural, economic and physiological wellbeing. These side effects can have debilitating outcomes for countless generations to come, even after the policy has been abolished. In an age where exponential population growth is a severe problem, this study attempts to understand what happens when governmental policies influence the …

Examination Of Different Accelerometer Cut-Points For Assessing Sedentary Behaviors In Children, Youngwon Kim, Jung-Min Lee, Bradley P. Peters, Glenn A. Gaesser, Gregory J. Welk

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background: Public health research on sedentary behavior (SB) in youth has heavily relied on accelerometers. However, ithas been limited by the lack of consensus on the most accurate accelerometer cut-points as well as by unknown effectscaused by accelerometer position (wrist vs. hip) and output (single axis vs. multiple axes). The present study systematicallyevaluates classification accuracy of different Actigraph cut-points for classifying SB using hip and wrist-worn monitors andestablishes new cut-points to enable use of the 3-dimensional vector magnitude data (for both hip and wrist placement).
Methods: A total of 125 children ages 7–13 yrs performed 12 randomly selected …

Consumer Perceptions Of Child-Friendly Shaped Healthy Fruit And Vegetable Snacks, Selena Lauren Baker

Open Access Theses

Fruits and vegetables (FV) are widely recognized as healthful foods by the public, and most individuals are aware of dietary guidance recommendations to consume more FV. However, actual consumption of FV has been and continues to be low in the United States and many other countries, despite public health efforts to change this trend. The sub-optimal intake of FV among children and adolescents is of particular concern due to high nutrient requirements for proper growth and development during these life stages. Fruit and vegetable intake patterns in childhood have been shown to track into later life and may affect individuals' …

Crisis Of Care, Dr. Emily Sanchez Salcedo

Center for Business Research and Development

A couple of months prior to my daughter's first birthday, my husband and I decided with heavy hearts to look for a daycare facility that can accommodate our pressing needs. I was on the final months of my doctoral studies with a dissertation waiting to be concluded and defended while reviewing for the New York bar examination and trying to earn a few dollars as a library assistant - there was no way I could still be a full-time mother at the same time unless sleep goes out of vogue. We were in the United States where house helpers are …

Factors Contributing To Weight Gain In Children Who Take Atypical Antipsychotics, Martha Faulkner

Nursing ETDs

Children and adolescents with serious emotional disturbance (SED) who take atypical antipsychotics (AAs) gain significant amounts of weight. The purpose of this retrospective chart review study was to determine if type of AA, diagnosis, ethnicity/race, age, gender or months in treatment contribute to BMI z change score (weight gain). The sample was 110 children with SED who took AAs for 1-36 months, M age=10.5 years (SD=3.4, range 5-17), 67% male, 53% Hispanic or Latino. The average weight gain in the study was 22 pounds (0.33 BMI z change score). The percent of children classifed as overwieght or obese increased from …

No Association Between Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals And Hypertension In Children, Sarah Dee Geiger, Jie Xiao, Anoop Shankar

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

Background Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) used in the manufacture of common consumer products and detected in the blood of the majority of Americans. Emerging biological data suggest that PFC exposure may have a role in the development of hypertension. However, the association between PFCs and hypertension has not yet been explored in humans. Therefore, we examined this association in a representative sample of US children. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 1,655 children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2000 and …

Human Rights Of Women And Children Under International Law - An Introduction, Ved P. Nanda

Denver Journal of International Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Overweight In 2 To 17 Year-Old Children And Adolescents Whose Parents Live Separately: A Nordic Cross-Sectional Study, Lena Hohwu, Mika Gissler, Agneta Sjoberg, Anna M. Biehl, Alfdgeir L. Kristjansson, Carsten Obel

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Comparative data of parental separation and childhood overweight has not been available before across the Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to examine the within-country prevalence and association between parental cohabitation and overweight in Nordic children.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of 2-17-year-old children was conducted in 2011, titled: “NordChild”. A random sample of 3,200 parents in each of the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden were invited to participate in the study with parents of 6,609 children accepting to give answers about their children’s health and welfare including information on height and weight of each …

Healthy Incentive Scheme In The Irish Full-Day-Care Pre-School Setting, Charlotte Johnston Molloy, John Kearney, Noirin Hayes, Corinna Glennon Slattery, Clare Corish

Conference Papers

A pre-school offering a full-day-care service provides for children aged 0-5 years for more than 4 hid. Researchers have called for studies that will provide an understanding of nutrition and physical activity practices in this setting. Obesity prevention in pre-schools, through the development of healthy associations with food and health-related practices, has been advocated. While guidelines for the promotion of best nutrition and health-related practice in the early years' setting exist in a number of jurisdictions, associated regulations have been noted to be poor, with the environment of the child-care facility mainly evaluated for safety. Much cross-sectional research outlines poor …

Exploring Associations Between Assertiveness, Health, And Gender In Children Ages 6-11, Kelsey Jae Smith

Theses & ETDs

There is considerable evidence of a gender difference in health among adolescents and adults, however there is a lack of data surrounding the development of these disparities in children. In addition to gender, research in assertiveness shows clear associations with health, but the literature is unclear how gender and assertiveness interact with one another (Sarkova et.al., 2013). The current study sought to fill the gap through exploratory research into children’s assertiveness skills and self-reported health outcomes and by examining sex differences in assertiveness skills when gender socialization, measured by child’s perceptions of parent and peer pressure to conform to a …