Digital Commons Network^™

Minimally Invasive Postmortem Intestinal Tissue Sampling In Malnourished And Acutely Ill Children Is Feasible And Informative, Erika Feutz, Wieger Voskuijl, Peter J Finch, Ta-Chiang Liu, Robert H J Bandsma, Phillip I Tarr, Christopher Alan Moxon, Kelley Vanbuskirk, Sarah Lawrence, Grace Umutesi, Kirkby D Tickell, James A Berkley, Judd L Walson, Steve Kamiza, Donna M Denno

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Intestinal disorders such as environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and important contributors to childhood undernutrition and mortality. Autopsies are rarely performed in LMICs but minimally invasive tissue sampling is increasingly deployed as a more feasible and acceptable procedure, although protocols have been devoid of intestinal sampling to date. We sought to determine (1) the feasibility of postmortem intestinal sampling, (2) whether autolysis precludes enteric biopsies' utility, and (3) histopathologic features among children who died during hospitalization with acute illness or undernutrition.

METHODS: Transabdominal needle and endoscopic forceps upper and lower intestinal sampling …

Minimizing The Impact Of The Triple Burden Of Covid-19, Tuberculosis And Hiv On Health Services In Sub-Saharan Africa, Jean B Nachega, Nathan Kapata, Nadia A Sam-Agudu, Eric H Decloedt, Patrick D M C Katoto, Tumaini Nagu, Peter Mwaba, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Pascalina Chanda-Kapata, Francine Ntoumi, Elvin H Geng, Alimuddin Zumla

Open Access Publications

In this perspective, we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis (TB)/HIV health services and approaches to mitigating the growing burden of these three colliding epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). SSA countries bear significantly high proportions of TB and HIV cases reported worldwide, compared to countries in the West. Whilst COVID-19 epidemiology appears to vary across Africa, most countries in this region have reported relatively lower-case counts compared to the West. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic has added an additional burden to already overstretched health systems in SSA, which, among other things, have been focused on the longstanding dual epidemics of …

Enterovirus D68-Associated Acute Respiratory Illness ─ New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, July-November 2018-2020., Melisa M. Shah, Ariana Perez, Joana Y. Lively, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Julie A. Boom, James Chappell, Janet A. Englund, Wende Fregoe, Natasha B. Halasa, Christopher J. Harrison, Robert W. Hickey, Eileen J. Klein, Monica M. Mcneal, Marian G. Michaels, Mary Moffatt, Catherine Otten, Leila C. Sahni, Elizabeth Schlaudecker, Jennifer E. Schuster, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Mary A. Staat, Laura S. Stewart, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, John V. Williams, Terry Fan Fei Ng, Janell A. Routh, Susan I. Gerber, Meredith L. Mcmorrow, Brian Rha, Claire M. Midgley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is associated with a broad spectrum of illnesses, including mild to severe acute respiratory illness (ARI) and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Enteroviruses, including EV-D68, are typically detected in the United States during late summer through fall, with year-to-year fluctuations. Before 2014, EV-D68 was infrequently reported to CDC (1). However, numbers of EV-D68 detection have increased in recent years, with a biennial pattern observed during 2014-2018 in the United States, after the expansion of surveillance and wider availability of molecular testing. In 2014, a national outbreak of EV-D68 was detected (2). EV-D68 was also reported in 2016 via …

Impact Of Annual Versus Semiannual Mass Drug Administration With Ivermectin And Albendazole On Helminth Infections In Southeastern Liberia, Obiora A Eneanya, Lincoln Gankpala, Charles W Goss, Fatorma K Bolay, Gary J Weil, Peter U Fischer

Open Access Publications

We compared the impact of three rounds of annual and five rounds of semiannual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole plus ivermectin on helminthic infections in Liberia. Repeated annual cross-sectional community surveys were conducted between 2013 and 2019 in individuals of 5 years and older. Primary outcome was the change of infection prevalence estimates from baseline to month 36 (12 months after the last treatment). After three rounds of annual MDA, Wuchereria bancrofti circulating filarial antigen (CFA) and microfilaria (Mf) prevalence estimates decreased from 19.7% to 4.3% and from 8.6% to 0%, respectively; after semiannual MDA, CFA and Mf prevalences …

Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements For Children Age 6-24 Months: A Systematic Review And Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Of Effects On Developmental Outcomes And Effect Modifiers, Elizabeth L. Prado, Charles D. Arnold, K Ryan Wessells, Christine P. Stewart, Souheila Abbeddou, Seth Adu-Afarwuah, Benjamin F. Arnold, Ulla Ashorn, Per Ashorn, Elodie Becquey, Kenneth H. Brown, Jaya Chandna, Parul Christian, Holly N. Dentz, Sherlie J L Dulience, Lia C H Fernald, Emanuela Galasso, Lotta Hallamaa, Sonja Y. Hess, Lieven Huybregts, Lora L Iannotti, Elizabeth Yakes Jimenez, Patricia Kohl, Anna Lartey, Agnes Le Port, Stephen P. Luby, Kenneth Maleta, Andrew Matchado, Susana L. Matias, Malay K. Mridha, Robert Ntozini, Clair Null, Maku E. Ocansey, Sarker M. Parvez, John Phuka, Amy J. Pickering, Andrew J. Prendergast, Abu A. Shamim, Zakia Siddiqui, Fahmida Tofail, Ann M. Weber, Lee S F Wu, Kathryn G. Dewey

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

BACKGROUND: Small-quantity (SQ) lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) provide many nutrients needed for brain development.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to generate pooled estimates of the effect of SQ-LNSs on developmental outcomes (language, social-emotional, motor, and executive function), and to identify study-level and individual-level modifiers of these effects.

METHODS: We conducted a 2-stage meta-analysis of individual participant data from 14 intervention against control group comparisons in 13 randomized trials of SQ-LNSs provided to children age 6-24 mo (total n = 30,024).

RESULTS: In 11-13 intervention against control group comparisons (n = 23,588-24,561), SQ-LNSs increased mean language (mean difference: 0.07 SD; 95% CI: 0.04, …

Shea Pediatric Leadership Council Commentary: Inpatient Visitor Considerations For Pediatric Patients During The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic, Allison H. Bartlett, Karen A Ravin, Lorry G Rubin, Caitlin Mcgrath, Annabelle De St Maurice, W Matthew Linam, Latania K. Logan, Martha Muller, Carolyn Caughell, Lynn Ramirez-Avila, Shea Pediatric Leadership Council

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Efficacy Of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine In Nepal: Final Results Of A Phase 3, Randomised, Controlled Trial, Mila Shakya, Merryn Voysey, Katherine Theiss-Nyland, Rachel Colin-Jones, Dikshya Pant, Anup Adhikari, Susan Tonks, Yama F Mujadidi, Peter O'Reilly, Olga Mazur, Sarah Kelly, Xinxue Liu, Archana Maharjan, Ashata Dahal, Naheeda Haque, Anisha Pradhan, Suchita Shrestha, Manij Joshi, Nicola Smith, Jennifer Hill, Jenny Clarke, Lisa Stockdale, Elizabeth Jones, Timothy Lubinda, Binod Bajracharya, Sabina Dongol, Abhilasha Karkey, Stephen Baker, Gordan Dougan, Virginia E Pitzer, Kathleen M Neuzil, Shrijana Shrestha, Buddha Basnyat, Andrew J Pollard

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever is a major public health problem in low-resource settings. Vaccination can help curb the disease and might reduce transmission. We have previously reported an interim analysis of the efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in Nepali children. Here we report the final results after 2 years of follow-up.

METHODS: We did a participant-masked and observer-masked individually randomised trial in Lalitpur, Nepal, in which 20 019 children aged 9 months to younger than 16 years were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single dose of TCV (Typbar TCV, Bharat Biotech International, India) or capsular group …

High Seropositivity Rate Of Neutralizing Antibodies To Astrovirus Va1 In Human Populations, Andrew B Janowski, Macee C Owen, Holly Dudley, Tomás López, Rafaela Espinosa, Memory Elvin-Lewis, Alejandro Colichon, Carlos F Arias, Peter D Burbelo, David Wang

Open Access Publications

Astroviruses are common pathogens of the human gastrointestinal tract, but they have been recently identified from cases of fatal meningoencephalitis. Astrovirus VA1 is the most frequently detected astrovirus genotype from cases of human encephalitis, but the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to VA1 in human sera is unknown. We developed a focus reduction neutralization assay (FRNT) for VA1 and measured the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies from two cohorts of adult and pediatric serum samples: (i) an age-stratified cohort from St. Louis, MO, collected from 2007 to 2008 and (ii) a cohort from the Peruvian Amazonian River Basin collected in the late …

Effectiveness Of Pfizer-Biontech Mrna Vaccination Against Covid-19 Hospitalization Among Persons Aged 12-18 Years - United States, June-September 2021., Samantha M. Olson, Margaret M. Newhams, Natasha B. Halasa, Ashley M. Price, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Katherine Irby, Tracie C. Walker, Stephanie P. Schwartz, Pia S. Pannaraj, Aline B. Maddux, Tamara T. Bradford, Ryan A. Nofziger, Benjamin J. Boutselis, Melissa L. Cullimore, Elizabeth H. Mack, Jennifer E. Schuster, Shira J. Gertz, Natalie Z. Cvijanovich, Michele Kong, Melissa A. Cameron, Mary A. Staat, Emily R. Levy, Brandon M. Chatani, Kathleen Chiotos, Laura D. Zambrano, Angela P. Campbell, Manish M. Patel, Adrienne G. Randolph, Overcoming Covid-19 Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is authorized for use in children and adolescents aged 12-15 years and is licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for persons aged ≥16 (1). A randomized placebo-controlled trial demonstrated an efficacy of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 75.3%-100%) in preventing outpatient COVID-19 in persons aged 12-15 years (2); however, data among adolescents on vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 in real-world settings are limited, especially among hospitalized patients. In early September 2021, U.S. pediatric COVID-19 hospitalizations reached the highest level during the pandemic (3,4). In a test-negative, case-control study at 19 pediatric hospitals in 16 …

Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Cures Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency: Report On 30 Patients, Hasan Hashem, Giorgia Bucciol, Seza Ozen, Sule Unal, Ikbal Ok Bozkaya, Nurten Akarsu, Mervi Taskinen, Minna Koskenvuo, Janna Saarela, Dimana Dimitrova, Dennis D. Hickstein, Amy P. Hsu, Steven M. Holland, Robert Krance, Ghadir Sasa, Ashish R. Kumar, Ingo Müller, Monica Abreu De Sousa, Selket Delafontaine, Leen Moens, Florian Babor, Federica Barzaghi, Maria Pia Cicalese, Robbert Bredius, Joris Van Montfrans, Valentina Baretta, Simone Cesaro, Polina Stepensky, Neven Benedicte, Despina Moshous, Guillaume Le Guenno, David Boutboul, Jignesh Dalal, Joel P. Brooks, Elif Dokmeci, Jasmeen Dara, Carrie L. Lucas, Sophie Hambleton, Keith Wilson, Stephen Jolles, Yener Koc, Tayfun Güngör, Caroline Schnider, Fabio Candotti, Sandra Steinmann, Ansgar Schulz, Chip Chambers, Michael Hershfield, Amanda Ombrello, Jennifer A. Kanakry, Isabelle Meyts

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

PURPOSE: Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an inherited inborn error of immunity, characterized by autoinflammation (recurrent fever), vasculopathy (livedo racemosa, polyarteritis nodosa, lacunar ischemic strokes, and intracranial hemorrhages), immunodeficiency, lymphoproliferation, immune cytopenias, and bone marrow failure (BMF). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) blockade is the treatment of choice for the vasculopathy, but often fails to reverse refractory cytopenia. We aimed to study the outcome of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients with DADA2.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on the outcome of HCT in patients with DADA2. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS).

RESULTS: Thirty DADA2 patients …

Decreased Incidence Of Infections Caused By Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food During The Covid-19 Pandemic - Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2017-2020, Logan C. Ray, Jennifer P. Collins, Patricia M. Griffin, Hazel J. Shah, Michelle M. Boyle, Paul R. Cieslak, John Dunn, Sarah Lathrop, Suzanne Mcguire, Tamara Rissman, Elaine J. Scallan Walter, Kirk Smith, Melissa Tobin-D'Angelo, Katie Wymore, Joanna Zablotsky Kufel, Beverly J. Wolpert, Robert Tauxe, Daniel C. Payne

Pathology Research and Scholarship

Foodborne illnesses are a substantial and largely preventable public health problem; before 2020 the incidence of most infections transmitted commonly through food had not declined for many years. To evaluate progress toward prevention of foodborne illnesses in the United States, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of CDC's Emerging Infections Program monitors the incidence of laboratory-diagnosed infections caused by eight pathogens transmitted commonly through food reported by 10 U.S. sites.* FoodNet is a collaboration among CDC, 10 state health departments, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS), and the Food and Drug Administration. This report …

Maternal Resources For Care Are Associated With Child Growth And Early Childhood Development In Bangladesh And Vietnam, Sulochana Basnet, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Phuong Hong Nguyen, Spencer Moore, Mandana Arabi

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

Suboptimal child growth and development are significant problems in low- and middle-income countries. Maternal resources for care may help to improve growth and development. This study examined the association of maternal resources for care on child length, motor development and language development of children 12-23.9 months old.

METHODS:

We used baseline data from the Alive & Thrive household surveys collected in Bangladesh (n = 803) and Vietnam (n = 635). Resources for care were represented by maternal education, knowledge, height, well-nourishment, mental well-being, decision-making, employment, support in chores and perceived support. The regression analyses were adjusted for household wealth …

Shea Pediatric Leadership Council Commentary: Personal Protective Equipment During Care Of Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (Mis-C), Martha L. Muller, Latania K. Logan, Larry K. Kociolek, Judith A. Guzman-Cottrill, Allison H. Bartlett, Joshua K. Schaffzin, Karen A Ravin, Lorry G Rubin, Jason Lake, Carolyn Caughell, Lynn Ramirez-Avila, Shea Pediatric Leadership Council

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Progression Of Sars-Cov-2 Seroprevalence In St. Louis, Missouri, Through January 2021, Brittany K Smith, Andrew B Janowski, Arim C Fremont, Lucas J Adams, Ya-Nan Dai, Christopher W Farnsworth, Ann M Gronowski, Stephen M Roper, David Wang, Daved H Fremont

Open Access Publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seropositivity was assessed for 3,066 individuals visiting hospitals in St. Louis, Missouri, during July 2020, November 2020, or January 2021. Seropositivity in children increased from 5.22% in July to 21.16% in January. In the same time frame, seropositivity among adults increased from 4.52% to 19.03%, prior to initiation of mass vaccination.

Rheumatic Heart Disease In The United States: Forgotten But Not Gone: Results Of A 10 Year Multicenter Review., Sarah R De Loizaga, Lindsay Arthur, Bhawna Arya, Brian Beckman, Wubishet Belay, Cole Brokamp, Nak Hyun Choi, Sean Connolly, Soham Dasgupta, Tavenner Dibert, Marylou M Dryer, Lakshmi R Gokanapudy Hahn, Elizabeth Anne Greene, Daphney Kernizan, Omar Khalid, Jennifer Klein, Ryan Kobayashi, Subhrajit Lahiri, Raymond P Lorenzoni, Andrea Otero Luna, Jennifer Marshall, Theodore Millette, Lily Moore, Babu Muhamed, Meghna Murali, Kinjal Parikh, Amy Sanyahumbi, Divya Shakti, Elizabeth Stein, Sanket Shah, Hannah Wilkins, Mcallister Windom, Scott Wirth, Meghan Zimmerman, Andrew F Beck, Nicholas Ollberding, Craig Sable, Andrea Beaton

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

Background Recent evaluation of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) mortality demonstrates disproportionate disease burden within the United States. However, there are few contemporary data on US children living with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and RHD. Methods and Results Twenty-two US pediatric institutions participated in a 10-year review (2008-2018) of electronic medical records and echocardiographic databases of children 4 to 17 years diagnosed with ARF/RHD to determine demographics, diagnosis, and management. Geocoding was used to determine a census tract-based socioeconomic deprivation index. Descriptive statistics of patient characteristics and regression analysis of RHD classification, disease severity, and initial antibiotic prescription according to community …

Concentrations Of Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Manganese, And Aluminum In The Blood Of Pakistani Children With And Without Autism Spectrum Disorder And Their Associated Factors, Mohammad H Rahbar, Shahnaz H Ibrahim, Syed Iqbal Azam, Manouchehr Hessabi, Fatima Karim, Sori Kim, Jing Zhang, Nasreen Gulzar Ali, Katherine A Loveland

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with early onset in utero or childhood. Environmental exposure to six metals (Pb, Hg, As, Cd, Mn, Al) is believed to be associated with ASD directly or interactively with genes.

METHODS: We enrolled 30 ASD cases, age 2-12 years old, and 30 age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) controls in Karachi, Pakistan. We assessed associations of ASD status with various factors using Conditional Logistic Regression models. We also used General Linear Models to assess possible interaction of blood Mn and Pb concentrations with the three GST genes in relation to ASD …

Extreme Heat And Paediatric Emergency Department Visits In Southwestern Ontario, Piotr Wilk, Anna Gunz, Alana Maltby, Tharsha Ravichakaravarthy, Kristin K. Clemens, Éric Lavigne, Rodrick Lim, Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera

Paediatrics Publications

Objective: The risk of adverse health events is expected to increase with hotter temperatures, particularly among the most vulnerable groups such as elderly persons and children. The objective of this study was to assess the association between extreme heat and daily emergency department visits among children (0 to 17 years) in Southwestern Ontario. Methods: We examined the average maximum temperature, relative humidity, and daily paediatric emergency department visits in June through August of 2002 to 2019. We reviewed emergency department visits from two academic hospitals. Daily meteorological data from the local weather station were obtained from Environment and Climate Change …

Shea Pediatric Leadership Council Commentary: Supporting Well Child Care During The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic With Personal Protective Equipment In The Ambulatory Setting, Joshua K Schaffzin, Allison H. Bartlett, Latania K. Logan, Judith A Guzman-Cottrill, Carolyn Caughell, Karen A. Ravin, Lorry G. Rubin, Larry K. Kociolek, Martha L. Muller, Jason Lake, Lynn Ramirez-Avila, Shea Pediatric Leadership Council

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Body Composition Changes In Children During Treatment For Moderate Acute Malnutrition: Findings From A 4-Arm Cluster-Randomized Trial In Sierra Leone, Devika J Suri, Isabel Potani, Akriti Singh, Stacy Griswold, William W Wong, Breanne Langlois, Ye Shen, Kwan Ho Kenneth Chui, Irwin H Rosenberg, Patrick Webb, Beatrice L Rogers

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Measures that better describe "healthy" and sustainable recovery during nutritional treatment of children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) are needed.

Objectives: We compared changes to body composition among children receiving 1 of 4 specialized nutritious food (SNFs) during treatment of MAM and by recovery and relapse outcomes.

Methods: The study was nested within a prospective, cluster-randomized, community-based, cost-effectiveness trial assessing 4 SNFs to treat children aged 6-59 mo with MAM [midupper arm circumference (MUAC) ≥11.5 cm and <12.5 cm without bipedal edema] in Sierra Leone. Biweekly SNF rations (1 of 3 fortified-blended foods or a lipid-based nutrient supplement) were given until children recovered (MUAC ≥12.5 cm), or up to 7 rations (∼12 wk). Deuterium dilution was used to estimate fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) at enrollment and after 4 wk of treatment to ensure similar treatment exposure among the participants. Another MUAC measurement was performed among recovered children 4 wk after program exit to determine whether recovery was sustained. ANOVA, paired t tests, and linear regression models were used to determine significant differences in changes from baseline to 4 wk.

Results: Among 312 analyzed participants, mean baseline weight comprised ∼80% FFM; mean weight gained after 4 wk comprised ∼82% FFM. Changes in …

Comparison Of Total Body Irradiation Versus Non-Total Body Irradiation Containing Regimens For De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia In Children, Christopher E. Dandoy, Robert Hayashi, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

With limited data comparing hematopoietic cell transplant outcomes between myeloablative total body irradiation (TBI) containing and non-TBI regimens in children with de novo acute myeloid leukemia, the aim of this study was to compare transplant-outcomes between these regimens. Cox regression models were used to compare transplant-outcomes after TBI and non-TBI regimens in 624 children transplanted between 2008 and 2016. Thirty two percent (n=199) received TBI regimens whereas 68% (n=425) received non-TBI regimens. Five-year non-relapse mortality was higher with TBI regimens (22% vs. 11%, p<0.0001) but relapse was lower (23% vs. 37%, p<0.0001) compared to non-TBI regimens. Consequently, overall (62% vs. 60%, p=1.00) and leukemia-free survival (55% vs. 52%, p=0.42) did not differ between treatment groups. Grade II-IV acute GVHD was higher with TBI regimens (56% vs. 27%, p<0.0001) but not chronic GVHD. The 3-year incidence of gonadal or growth hormone deficiency was higher with TBI regimens (24% vs. 8%, p<0.001) but there were no differences in late pulmonary, cardiac or renal impairment. In the absence of a survival advantage, the choice of TBI or non-TBI regimen merits careful consideration with the data favoring non-TBI regimens to limit the burden of morbidity associated with endocrine dysfunction.

A Review Of The Cardiac And Cardiovascular Effects Of Covid-19 In Adults And Children, Bibhuti B Das, S Kristen Sexon Tejtel, Shriprasad Deshpande, Lara S Shekerdemian

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) typically affects the respiratory system but can involve the cardiovascular system. Cardiac complications of COVID-19 can result directly from myocarditis or indirectly from numerous other mechanisms. Differentiating between primary and secondary cardiovascular involvement-our focus in this review-may help to identify the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the heart in adults and children.

Covid-19 In Children-Not Just Little Adults., Jennifer E. Schuster, Annabelle De St Maurice

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Comment on

• Underlying Medical Conditions Associated With Severe COVID-19 Illness Among Children. Kompaniyets L, Agathis NT, Nelson JM, Preston LE, Ko JY, Belay B, Pennington AF, Danielson ML, DeSisto CL, Chevinsky JR, Schieber LZ, Yusuf H, Baggs J, Mac Kenzie WR, Wong KK, Boehmer TK, Gundlapalli AV, Goodman AB.JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jun 1;4(6):e2111182. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11182.PMID: 34097050 Free PMC article.

Longitudinal Data Reveal Strong Genetic And Weak Non-Genetic Components Of Ethnicity-Dependent Blood Dna Methylation Levels, Chris Mckennan, Katherine Naughton, Catherine Stanhope, Meyer Kattan, George T O'Connor, Megan T Sandel, Cynthia M Visness, Robert A Wood, Leonard B Bacharier, Avraham Beigelman, Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, Alkis Togias, James E Gern, Dan Nicolae, Carole Ober

Open Access Publications

Epigenetic architecture is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, but little is known about their relative contributions or longitudinal dynamics. Here, we studied DNA methylation (DNAm) at over 750,000 CpG sites in mononuclear blood cells collected at birth and age 7 from 196 children of primarily self-reported Black and Hispanic ethnicities to study race-associated DNAm patterns. We developed a novel Bayesian method for high-dimensional longitudinal data and showed that race-associated DNAm patterns at birth and age 7 are nearly identical. Additionally, we estimated that up to 51% of all self-reported race-associated CpGs had race-dependent DNAm levels that were mediated through …

Opportunities And Challenges In Developing A Cryptosporidium Controlled Human Infection Model For Testing Antiparasitic Agents, Rajiv S Jumani, Johanne Blais, Hanns-Christian Tillmann, Florencia Segal, Dean Wetty, Christian Ostermeier, Natko Nuber, Jay Lakshman, Natasha Aziz, Richa Chandra, Wilbur H Chen, Cynthia L Chappell, Thierry T Diagana, Ujjini H Manjunatha

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries, responsible for high mortality in children younger than two years of age, and it is also strongly associated with childhood malnutrition and growth stunting. There is no vaccine for cryptosporidiosis and existing therapeutic options are suboptimal to prevent morbidity and mortality in young children. Recently, novel therapeutic agents have been discovered through high-throughput phenotypic and target-based screening strategies, repurposing malaria hits, etc., and these agents have a promising preclinical in vitro and in vivo anti-

Immunodeficiency And Bone Marrow Failure With Mosaic And Germline Tlr8 Gain Of Function, Jahnavi Aluri, Alicia Bach, Saara Kaviany, Luana Chiquetto Paracatu, Maleewan Kitcharoensakkul, Magdalena A. Walkiewicz, Christopher D. Putnam, Marwan Shinawi, Nermina Saucier, Elise M. Rizzi, Michael T. Harmon, Molly P. Keppel, Michelle Ritter, Morgan Similuk, Elaine Kulm, Michael Joyce, Adriana A. De Jesus, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky, Yi-Shan Lee, Marina Cella, Peggy L. Kendall, Mary C. Dinauer, Jeffrey J. Bednarski, Christina Bemrich-Stolz, Scott W. Canna, Shirley M. Abraham, Matthew M. Demczko, Jonathan Powell, Stacie M. Jones, Amy M. Scurlock, Suk See De Ravin, Jack J. Bleesing, James A. Connelly, V Koneti Rao, Laura G. Schuettpelz, Megan A. Cooper

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders with a broad clinical spectrum. Identification of molecular and functional bases of these disorders is important for diagnosis, treatment, and an understanding of the human immune response. We identified 6 unrelated males with neutropenia, infections, lymphoproliferation, humoral immune defects, and in some cases bone marrow failure associated with 3 different variants in the X-linked gene TLR8, encoding the endosomal Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8). Interestingly, 5 patients had somatic variants in TLR8 with

Global Trends In Norovirus Genotype Distribution Among Children With Acute Gastroenteritis., Jennifer L. Cannon, Joseph Bonifacio, Filemon Bucardo, Javier Buesa, Leesa Bruggink, Martin Chi-Wai Chan, Tulio M. Fumian, Sidhartha Giri, Mark D. Gonzalez, Joanne Hewitt, Jih-Hui Lin, Janet Mans, Christian Muñoz, Chao-Yang Pan, Xiao-Li Pang, Corinna Pietsch, Mustafiz Rahman, Naomi Sakon, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Hannah Browne, Leslie Barclay, Jan Vinjé

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Noroviruses are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among adults and children worldwide. NoroSurv is a global network for norovirus strain surveillance among children(genotype and polymerase type) and uploaded 1,325 dual-typed sequences to the NoroSurv web portal during 2016-2020. More than 50% of submitted sequences were GII.4 Sydney[P16] or GII.4 Sydney[P31] strains. Other common strains included GII.2[P16], GII.3[P12], GII.6[P7], and GI.3[P3] viruses. In total, 22 genotypes and 36 dual types, including GII.3 and GII.20 viruses with rarely reported polymerase types, were detected, reflecting high strain diversity. Surveillance data captured in NoroSurv enables the monitoring of trends in norovirus strains …

Variability In The Use Of Novel Diagnostic Technology In Children With Suspected Encephalitis And In The Management Of Emerging Encephalitides By Pediatric Infectious Disease Providers, Walter N. Dehority, Andrew B. Janowski, Kevin Messacar, Philip M. Polgreen, Susan E. Beekmann

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

We surveyed pediatric infectious disease physicians through the Infectious Disease Society of America's Emerging Infections Network regarding the diagnosis and management of encephalitis. We identified practice variations, particularly with the use of new diagnostic modalities and management of autoimmune encephalitides. These findings may inform the creation of updated management guidelines.

Overcoming Obesity: Provider Reminders And Education In Pediatrics, Michelle Warren

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

The prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity is rising globally (Di Cesare et al., 2019) and results in lifelong chronic health problems and an estimated annual healthcare cost of $14.1 billion (Trasande & Chatterjee, 2009). The purpose of this evidence-based practice project was to address overweight and obesity in patients between the ages of five and 12 years through the provision of provider reminders, education, and guidelines. Primary outcomes included frequency of diagnosis, frequency of patient referrals, return to see times, and frequency of patient nutrition and activity education while secondary outcomes included patient weight, body mass index (BMI), and …

Seroprevalence Of Sars-Cov-2 Antibodies In Children And Adults In St. Louis, Missouri, Usa, Brittany K Smith, Andrew B Janowski, Jonathan E Danis, Ian B Harvey, Haiyan Zhao, Ya-Nan Dai, Christopher W Farnsworth, Ann M Gronowski, Stephen Roper, Daved H Fremont, David Wang

Open Access Publications

Reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts likely underestimate the true prevalence because mild or asymptomatic cases often go untested. Here, we use a sero-survey to estimate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the St. Louis, MO, metropolitan area in a symptom-independent manner. Five hundred three adult and 555 pediatric serum/plasma samples were collected from patients presenting to Barnes-Jewish Hospital or St. Louis Children's Hospital between 14 April 2020 and 12 May 2020. We developed protocols for in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using spike and nucleoprotein and used the assays to estimate …

Molecular Characterization Of Cryptosporidium Spp. From Humans In Ethiopia, Ambachew W. Hailu, Abraham Degarege, Haileeyesus Adamu, Damien Costa, Venceslas Villier, Abdelmounaim Mouhajir, Loic Favennec, Romy Razakandrainibe, Beyene Petros

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Data on the distribution and genotype of Cryptosporidium species is limited in Ethiopia. This study examined the presence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium species circulating in Ethiopian human population. Stool samples collected from patients who visited rural (n = 94) and urban (n = 93) health centers in Wurgissa and Hawassa district, respectively, were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. using microscopy, nested PCR and real-time PCR. To detect infection with PCR, analysis of 18S ribosomal RNA was performed. Subtyping was performed by sequencing a fragment of GP60 gene. The overall prevalence of infection was 46% (n = 86) …