Digital Commons Network^™

An Analysis Of The Rising Xenophobia Against Asian Americans In The U.S. And Higher Education Regarding The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Shiqian Zheng

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

This paper analyzes the cause of anti-Asian hate, the rising xenophobia against people with Asian origins, as well as the vaccine distribution and governmental leadership. By conducting a short case study on universities’ leadership during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States, this paper contributes to the literature regarding Asian Americans overall, as well as to the literature on approaches to a public crisis on hate crime in higher education in the United States.

Michigancovid19vaccinecollection, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Vaccine Data

This is a zipped file of all the pdfs uploaded to this collection, spanning from 2020-12-16 through 2023-04-26. It also includes a few additional pdfs: 2020-10-16_Michigan_COVIDVaccination_Plan.pdf; 2020-12-13_Michigan_COVIDVaccination_PrioritizationGuidance.pdf; 2020-12-13_Michigan_COVIDVaccine_FAQ.pdf; 2020-12-13_Michigan_COVIDVaccine_Infograph.pdf; 2021-01-21_Michigan_COVIDVaccine_Locations.pdf.

The zip file also includes a comma separated file that lists the metadata for each file, including the file name within the Michigan COVID-19 Vaccine Data ScholarWorks Collection (ScholarWorksFileTitle), the archived URL (InternetArchiveLink), the description of the file within the Michigan COVID-19 Vaccine Data ScholarWorks Collection (ScholarWorksAbstract), and any additional comments about the file within the Michigan COVID-19 Vaccine Data ScholarWorks Collection (ScholarWorksComments).

Korean Immigrants’ Perceptions Of Library Services And Library Multicultural Programs For Asian Communities Before And During Covid-19, Yanghee Kim, Hyun Chu Leah Kim, Jihye Kim

Faculty Articles

This study explored 141 Korean immigrant parents’ use of local libraries to enhance their families’ social and cultural capital and adjust to the host country. We searched resources in Korean, and multicultural programs planned for the public and immigrants, Asian immigrants in particular, at two libraries before and during COVID-19. Parents reported dissatisfaction with library services because of language barriers (38%) and the lack of Korean resources (38%) and cultural programs (25%). Except for 18 books and 24 e-resources, no library resources in Korean were published after 2008. Before COVID-19, one multicultural program was offered for children. At Branches B …

An Immunostimulatory Glycolipid That Blocks Sars-Cov-2, Rsv, And Influenza Infections In Vivo, Moriya Tsuji, Zhenlu Chong, Tamarand L Darling, Kuljeet Seehra, Adrianus C M Boon, Michael S Diamond, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Prophylactic vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have lowered the incidence of severe COVID-19, but emergence of viral variants that are antigenically distinct from the vaccine strains are of concern and additional, broadly acting preventive approaches are desirable. Here, we report on a glycolipid termed 7DW8-5 that exploits the host innate immune system to enable rapid control of viral infections in vivo. This glycolipid binds to CD1d on antigen-presenting cells and thereby stimulates NKT cells to release a cascade of cytokines and chemokines. The intranasal administration of 7DW8-5 prior to virus exposure significantly blocked infection by three different authentic variants of SARS-CoV-2, as …

The Experiences Of Co-Teachers Who Co-Taught Virtually During Covid-19: A Qualitative Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study, Carmean Deona Matthews

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This hermeneutic phenomenological study aimed to describe and understand the experiences of online co-teaching through the perspectives of general education and special education co-teachers at the middle school level during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study followed Bandura’s social cognitive theory, emphasizing self-efficacy and reciprocal determinism as it explains how people think, feel, motivate themselves, and behave. The study answered the following overarching research question: How do co-teachers perceive their ability to implement all-online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic? The school setting for this study is Sunny County Public Schools (pseudonym), a suburban public school district in East Georgia. The researcher …

A Phenomenological Study: Factors Influencing Faculty Attitude Toward Online Teaching During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kelly A. Waltman-Payne

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover the factors that influenced the faculty’s lived experiences and perceived preparedness when transitioning to fully online courses in response to the COVID-19 crisis, for full-time faculty members at Greenhill College, North Branch. The central research question for the research was “What factors, such as professional development and other training, related to online learning, influenced faculty attitudes and perceptions of preparedness, as they transitioned to online teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020?” Ten participants were selected using a random sample drawn from full-time faculty members at Greenhill College, North Branch. Data collection …

Trends And Seasonality Of Emergency Department Visits And Hospitalizations For Suicidality Among Children And Adolescents In The Us From 2016 To 2021, Youngran Kim, Trudy Millard Krause, Scott D Lane

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: The detection of seasonal patterns in suicidality should be of interest to clinicians and US public health officials, as intervention efforts can benefit by targeting periods of heightened risk.

OBJECTIVES: to examine recent trends in suicidality rates, quantify the seasonality in suicidality, and demonstrate the disrupted seasonality patterns during the spring 2020 COVID-19-related school closures among US children and adolescents.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based, descriptive cross-sectional study used administrative claims data from Optum's deidentifed Clinformatics Data Mart Database. Participants included children aged 10 to 12 years and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years who were commercially insured …

Clinical And Demographic Factors Associated With Covid-19, Severe Covid-19, And Sars-Cov-2 Infection In Adults: A Secondary Cross-Protocol Analysis Of 4 Randomized Clinical Trials, Deborah A Theodore, Angela R Branche, Lily Zhang, Daniel S Graciaa, Madhu Choudhary, Timothy J Hatlen, Raadhiya Osman, Tara M Babu, Samuel T Robinson, Peter B Gilbert, Dean Follmann, Holly Janes, James G Kublin, Lindsey R Baden, Paul Goepfert, Glenda E Gray, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Karen L Kotloff, Cynthia L Gay, Brett Leav, Jacqueline Miller, Ian Hirsch, Jerald Sadoff, Lisa M Dunkle, Kathleen M Neuzil, Lawrence Corey, Ann R Falsey, Hana M El Sahly, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Yunda Huang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Current data identifying COVID-19 risk factors lack standardized outcomes and insufficiently control for confounders.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This secondary cross-protocol analysis included 4 multicenter, international, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials with harmonized protocols established by the COVID-19 Prevention Network. Individual-level data from participants randomized to receive placebo within each trial were combined and analyzed. Enrollment began July 2020 and the last data cutoff was in July 2021. Participants included adults in stable health, at risk for SARS-CoV-2, and assigned to the placebo group …

A Rapid Cell-Free Expression And Screening Platform For Antibody Discovery, Andrew C Hunt, Bastian Vögeli, Ahmed O Hassan, Laura Guerrero, Weston Kightlinger, Danielle J Yoesep, Antje Krüger, Madison Dewinter, Michael S Diamond, Ashty S Karim, Michael C Jewett

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Antibody discovery is bottlenecked by the individual expression and evaluation of antigen-specific hits. Here, we address this bottleneck by developing a workflow combining cell-free DNA template generation, cell-free protein synthesis, and binding measurements of antibody fragments in a process that takes hours rather than weeks. We apply this workflow to evaluate 135 previously published antibodies targeting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including all 8 antibodies previously granted emergency use authorization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and demonstrate identification of the most potent antibodies. We also evaluate 119 anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from a mouse immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 spike …

Comparison Of Electronic Health Record Messages To Mental Health Care Professionals Before Vs After Covid-19 Pandemic, Simone A Bernstein, Alison L Huckenpahler, Ginger E Nicol, Jessica A Gold

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Unmet Needs And Coping Strategies Of Older Underserved Veterans During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Trenton M. Haltom, Joyce Tiong, Tracy L. Evans, Nipa Kamdar, Gala True, Mark E. Kunik

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound impacts on people with diabetes, a group with high morbidity and mortality. Factors like race, age, income, Veteran-status, and limited or interrupted resources early in the COVID-19 pandemic compounded risks for negative health outcomes. Our objective was to characterize the experiences and needs of under-resourced Veterans with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews (March through September 2021) with U.S. military Veterans with diabetes. Transcripts were analyzed using a team-based, iterative process of summarizing and coding to identify key themes. Participants included Veterans (n = 25) who …

Why The West Should Help China Reduce Unrecognized And Preventable Covid-19 Deaths, George A. Gellert

Journal of Health Ethics

In an era marked by a ruinous war between a democratic state and a totalitarian regime, political volatility, rightward looking isolationism and nationalism, and heightened competition and disputes between China and the West, it is perhaps difficult to discern why the West should supply China with COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics, as well as epidemiological assistance in order to mitigate a potentially unrecognized COVID-19 crisis in that nation. This commentary considers three arguments against Western and international indifference to the plight of China as it transitions to COVID-19 endemicity.

Ethical Considerations Surrounding Vaccine Development During A Public Health Crisis, Syed Arsalan Akhter Zaidi, Kainat Saleem, Rahul Bollam, Bushra Zaidi

Journal of Health Ethics

Epidemics and Pandemics have been plaguing mankind since many centuries, and are a cause of major healthcare expense in modern times. The novel coronavirus pandemic of 2019-2020 spread worldwide faster than many previous pandemics, including EBOLA in 2017. Although personal protective equipment, and social distancing slowed the outbreak, a vaccine is needed to ensure global immunization and to stop this deadly outbreak. Developing a vaccine in times of a public health crisis comes with a lot of ethical considerations, including overlooking proper informed consent, the issue of using placebo in control arm of trials, extended timelines of development of vaccines, …

Kg-Hub-Building And Exchanging Biological Knowledge Graphs., J Harry Caufield, Tim Putman, Kevin Schaper, Deepak R Unni, Harshad Hegde, Tiffany J Callahan, Luca Cappelletti, Sierra A T Moxon, Vida Ravanmehr, Seth Carbon, Lauren E Chan, Katherina Cortes, Kent A Shefchek, Glass Elsarboukh, Jim Balhoff, Tommaso Fontana, Nicolas Matentzoglu, Richard M Bruskiewich, Anne E Thessen, Nomi L Harris, Monica C Munoz-Torres, Melissa A Haendel, Peter N Robinson, Marcin P Joachimiak, Christopher J Mungall, Justin T Reese

Faculty Research 2023

MOTIVATION: Knowledge graphs (KGs) are a powerful approach for integrating heterogeneous data and making inferences in biology and many other domains, but a coherent solution for constructing, exchanging, and facilitating the downstream use of KGs is lacking.

RESULTS: Here we present KG-Hub, a platform that enables standardized construction, exchange, and reuse of KGs. Features include a simple, modular extract-transform-load pattern for producing graphs compliant with Biolink Model (a high-level data model for standardizing biological data), easy integration of any OBO (Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies) ontology, cached downloads of upstream data sources, versioned and automatically updated builds with stable URLs, …

Pandemic Response Officers: Integration Between Medical, Public Health, And Higher Education Systems To Expedite Prevention And Response., Anne C Jones, Genevive R Meredith, Donna Leong, Sabine Jamal, Rachel Buckwalter, John D Clarke, Marin Clarkberg, Allan Bishop, Frank Cantone, Claire Espey, Frank Kruppa, Mary George Opperman, Gary A Koretzky

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

CONTEXT: Research and policy studies alike have enumerated population and community health benefits of system integration between medical, public health, and social entities. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the necessity of a well-trained and adequately staffed public health and medical workforce in order to process SARS-CoV-2 cases and prevent subsequent transmission. Higher education systems, in particular, represented defined populations of exposure and transmission. Opportunities existed for collaboration and task sharing between institutions of higher education and local public health departments to limit spread and impacts.

PROGRAM: This article describes the Pandemic Response Officer (PRO) program at Cornell University, …

Differentially Expressed Genes In Dental Pulp Tissues Of Individuals With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis With And Without History Of Covid-19, Han Na Cho, Leticia Chaves De Souza, Cleverick Johnson, John R Klein, Timothy C Kirkpatrick, Renato Silva, Ariadne Letra

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Increased levels of proinflammatory markers have been reported in tissues of individuals with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We hypothesize that inflamed dental pulp tissues of individuals with previous history of COVID-19 may present a differential inflammatory gene expression profile in comparison with individuals who never had COVID-19.

Materials and methods: Dental pulp tissues were collected from 27 individuals referred for endodontic treatment due to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Of these, 16 individuals had a history of COVID-19 (6 months to 1 year post infection) and 11 individuals had no previous history of COVID-19 (controls). Total RNA from pulp tissue samples …

Why Judges Should Use 18 U.S.C. § 3553 To Assess Prison Sentences Qualitatively In The Context Of Collateral Relief, Luke Doughty

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality

No abstract provided.

An Old Illness: How The United States Uses Racist And Xenophobic Ideas About Disease To Exclude Haitian Migrants During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Emily Mcconnville

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality

No abstract provided.

The Parental Well-Being Gap Before And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Morgan Renee Koziol

Theses and Dissertations

Prior research has examined the emotional costs and benefits associated with parenting. In general, this body of literature finds that parents experience lower levels of subjective well-being compared to non-parents—a phenomenon referred to as the parental well-being gap. There is evidence that this parental well-being gap has narrowed or disappeared altogether in more recent years. However, the COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges to parents that may have resulted in a widening or reopening of this gap once again. This project aims to test this possibility by drawing on data from The General Social Survey that capture the survey year prior …

Multiple Sterile Withdrawals From Iohexol Bottles Does Not Increase Contamination Risk, Caroline Purtill, Manraj Dhesi, Daniel Haber, Nicholas D'Antonio, Noreen J. Hickok, Jeremy I. Simon

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: There is a global shortage of iohexol contrast media, commonly used in epidural injections, as a result of lockdown and decreased production due to COVID-19. Iohexol bottles are designated for single use, which, depending on the vials available, often leads to wasting up to 95% of this limited resource. However, avoiding multiple withdrawals may be unnecessary if withdrawing multiple times using sterile technique does not increase the risk for contamination.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study is to determine whether multiple withdrawals from iohexol injection bottles using a sterile technique poses a greater risk of introducing contaminants than a …

Effects Of Covid-19 On The Autonomic Cardiovascular System: Heart Rate Variability And Turbulence In Recovered Patients, Sedat Taş, Ümmü Taş

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 may be a risk factor for developing cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. Data are limited, however, on the association between heart rate variability, heart rate turbulence, and COVID-19. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular autonomic system in patients with persistent symptoms after recovering from COVID-19 and to determine whether these patients showed changes in ambulatory electrocardiography monitoring.

METHODS: Fifty-one adults who had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and presented with persistent symptoms to the cardiology outpatient clinic after clinical recovery between April and June 2021 were included. Patients were prospectively followed for 6 …

Artificial Intelligence Tool For The Study Of Covid-19 Microdroplet Spread Across The Human Diameter And Airborne Space, Hesham H. Alsaadi, Monther Aldwairi, Faten Yasin, Sandra C.P. Cachinho, Abdullah Hussein

All Works

The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19), with a point of origin in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly all over the world. It turned into a raging pandemic wrecking havoc on health care facilities, world economy and affecting everyone’s life to date. With every new variant, rate of transmission, spread of infections and the number of cases continues to rise at an international level and scale. There are limited reliable researches that study microdroplets spread and transmissions from human sneeze or cough in the airborne space. In this paper, we propose an intelligent technique to visualize, detect, measure the distance …

In Silico Study Of Polyphenol Compounds From Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis L.) As Inhibitors Of 3clpro Of Sars-Cov2, Junaidin Junaidin, Selvira Anandia Intan Maulidya, Krisyanti Budipramana, Faisal Ismail, Tegar Achsendo Yuniarta, Diana Sylvia

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak prompts the world to develop novel drugs to treat the disease. Targeting the virus protein has attracted a great interest in COVID-19 drug discovery. The 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 protein is one of the promising targets for its important role in viral replication. Various efforts have been made to find a specific therapeutic for COVID-19, including those derived from plants as anti-COVID-19. Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) contains polyphenols which have been known for their health benefits. Objectives: This study aims to discover the activity of green tea polyphenols as 3CLpro …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Psychosocial Services And Perceived Supports For Pediatric Patients, Samantha Martinez

Theses and Dissertations

In March 2020, the World Health Organization named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a global pandemic. While the physiological damage of COVID-19 on individuals and communities is itself immeasurable, both because variants continue to spread and because of the unpredictable nature of “long COVID,” we know even less about the long-term psychological impacts on individuals. Lockdown procedures, including school closures, were necessary to prevent transmission of the virus and to protect the most vulnerable bodies (namely, the elderly and immuno-compromised). However, the effect of the closures disproportionately resulted in psychological damage to children and adolescents. Previous studies have …

Exploring Bhutanese Primary School Teachers’ Technological Knowledge, Sonam Dhendup, Kezang Sherab

Journal of Global Education and Research

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the normal functions of schools globally. Online learning is a new concept in Bhutan. Nonetheless, classes have begun using various online learning platforms to continue their operations during the pandemic. This study examined primary school teachers’ perceived information technology knowledge and proficiency. The participants of this study consisted of 124 primary teachers from two western districts of Bhutan. Data were collected using an online survey. The study’s findings suggested that although the majority of participants (98.2%) had access to personal digital devices, slow internet connection and high internet data subscription charges (60.7%) were cited as …

Patient Experiences And Disparities In Telehealth Hiv Care During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Study Results From The Southern United States, Valerie Yelverton

Theses and Dissertations

Background: To maintain HIV care continuity during the COVID-19 pandemic, most HIV care facilities in the United States adopted telehealth. However, not everyone was participating in telehealth equally. This dissertation seeks to understand experiences with and the use of telehealth in HIV care, and decision processes guiding the selection of visit type during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Qualitative interviews explored people living with HIV’s (PWH) and HIV care provider’s experiences with telehealth HIV care and visit type decision processes. Quantitative analyses of electronic health record (EHR) data characterized patterns of and disparities in telehealth HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic. …

Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal With The Hemolung In Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study, Ravindranath Tiruvoipati, Bindu Akkanti, Kha Dinh, Nicholas Barrett, Alexandra May, Jeremy Kimmel, Steven A Conrad

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO 2 R) devices are effective in reducing hypercapnia and mechanical ventilation support but have not been shown to reduce mortality. This may be due to case selection, device performance, familiarity, or the management. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a single ECCO 2 R device (Hemolung) in patients with acute respiratory failure and identify variables associated with survival that could help case selection in clinical practice as well as future research.

Design: Multicenter, multinational, retrospective review.

Setting: Data from the Hemolung Registry between April 2013 and June …

Management Of Pediatric Appendicitis During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Multicenter Cohort Study, Brittany Hegde, Elisa Garcia, Andrew Hu, Mehul Raval, Sanyu Takirambudde, Derek Wakeman, Ruth Lewit, Ankush Gosain, Raphael H Parrado, Robert A Cina, Krista Stephenson, Melvin S Dassinger, Daniel Zhang, Moiz M Mustafa, Donna Koo, Aaron M Lipskar, Katherine Scheidler, Kyle J Van Arendonk, Patrick Berg, Raquel Gonzalez, Daniel Scheese, Jeffrey Haynes, Alexander Mina, Irving J Zamora, Monica E Lopez, Steven C Mehl, Elizabeth Gilliam, Katrina Lofberg, Brianna Spencer, Afif N Kulaylat, Brian C Gulack, Matthew Johnson, Matthew Laskovy, Pavan Brahmamdam, Aoi Shimomura, Therese Blanch, Kuojen Tsao, Bethany J Slater

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted timely access to care for children, including patients with appendicitis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on management of appendicitis and patient outcomes.

METHODS: A multicenter retrospective study was performed including 19 children's hospitals from April 2019-October 2020 of children (age≤18 years) diagnosed with appendicitis. Groups were defined by each hospital's city/state stay-at-home orders (SAHO), designating patients as Pre-COVID (Pre-SAHO) or COVID (Post-SAHO). Demographic, treatment, and outcome data were obtained, and univariate and multivariable analysis was performed.

RESULTS: Of 6,014 patients, 2,413 (40.1%) presented during the COVID-19 pandemic. More …

Association Between Sars-Cov-2 Variants And Frequency Of Acute Symptoms: Analysis Of A Multi-Institutional Prospective Cohort Study-December 20, 2020-June 20, 2022., Ralph C, Wang, Michael Gottlieb, Juan Carlos C. Montoy, Robert M. Rodriguez, Huihui Yu, Erica S. Spatz, Christopher W. Chandler, Joann G. Elmore, Paavali A. Hannikainen, Anna Marie Chang, Mandy Hill, Ryan M. Huebinger, Ahamed H. Idris, Katherine Koo, Shu-Xia Li, Samuel Mcdonald, Graham Nichol, Kelli N. O'Laughlin, Ian D. Plumb, Michelle Santangelo, Sharon Saydah, Kari A. Stephens, Arjun K. Venkatesh, Robert A. Weinstein

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Background: While prior work examining severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern focused on hospitalization and death, less is known about differences in clinical presentation. We compared the prevalence of acute symptoms across pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron.

Methods: We conducted an analysis of the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE), a cohort study enrolling symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive participants. We determined the association between the pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron time periods and the prevalence of 21 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute symptoms.

Results: We enrolled 4113 participants from December 2020 to June 2022. Pre-Delta vs Delta …

Therapeutic Potential Of Salicylamide Derivatives For Combating Viral Infections, Jimin Xu, Yu Xue, Andrew A Bolinger, Jun Li, Mingxiang Zhou, Haiying Chen, Hongmin Li, Jia Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Since time immemorial human beings have constantly been fighting against viral infections. The ongoing and devastating coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic represents one of the most severe and most significant public health emergencies in human history, highlighting an urgent need to develop broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Salicylamide (2-hydroxybenzamide) derivatives, represented by niclosamide and nitazoxanide, inhibit the replication of a broad range of RNA and DNA viruses such as flavivirus, influenza A virus, and coronavirus. Moreover, nitazoxanide was effective in clinical trials against different viral infections including diarrhea caused by rotavirus and norovirus, uncomplicated influenza A and B, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. …