Digital Commons Network^™

Covid-19 And The Environment: Reflections On The Pandemic In Asia, Hao Huang

EnviroLab Asia

The idea of planetary health as a form of scholarly analysis and scientific investigation has particular relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic and to Asia, where the outbreak of the novel coronavirus was first reported. Over the past three decades, the continent’s rapid urbanization and industrialization have played a significant role in the region’s economic growth, increase in per capita income and the concentration of wealth, and the creation of some of the world’s fast-growing cities. These profound benefits have come with some serious consequences, however, and planetary-health experts have stressed that one of them has been the sharp uptick in …

Optimization Rules For Sars-Cov-2 MPro Antivirals: Ensemble Docking And Exploration Of The Coronavirus Protease Active Site, Shana V. Stoddard, Serena D. Stoddard, Benjamin K. Oelkers, Kennedi Fitts, Kellen Whalum, Kaylah Whalum, Alexander D. Hemphill, Jithin Manikonda, Linda Michelle Martinez, Elizabeth G. Riley, Caroline M. Roof, Nowreen Sarwar, Doni M. Thomas, Emily Ulmer, Felissa E. Wallace, Pankaj Pandey, Sudeshna Roy

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Coronaviruses are viral infections that have a significant ability to impact human health. Coronaviruses have produced two pandemics and one epidemic in the last two decades. The current pandemic has created a worldwide catastrophe threatening the lives of over 15 million as of July 2020. Current research efforts have been focused on producing a vaccine or repurposing current drug compounds to develop a therapeutic. There is, however, a need to study the active site preferences of relevant targets, such as the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro), to determine ways to optimize these drug compounds. The …

Institutional Origins Of Covid-19 Public Health Protective Policy Response (Ppi) Data Set V. 1.2 - Regional U.S. And Canada, Olga Shvetsova, Abdul Basit Adeel, Michael Catalano, Olivia Catalano, Frank Giannelli, Ezgi Muftuoglu, Tara Riggs, Mehmet Halit Sezgin, Naveed Tahir, Julie Vandusky-Allen, Tianyi Zhao, Andrei Zhirnov

Working Papers Series

This is an original dataset of stringency of public health policy measures that were adopted in response to COVID-19 worldwide by governments at different levels January 24 and April 30 2020. The national file includes daily national level aggregates for 64 countries. The regional file includes daily sub-national level aggregates for Canada and the USA. To measure COVID-19 mitigation policy responses, we gathered data on policies that national and subnational policymakers adopted within fifteen public health categories: state of emergency, self-isolation and quarantine, border closures, limits on social gatherings, school closings, closure of entertainment venues, closure of restaurants, closure of …

2020-2021 Catalog, College Of The Holy Cross

Course Catalogs

This catalog lists available courses for the 2020-2021 academic year. The College Catalog is a document of record issued in September 2020. The Catalog contains current information regarding the College calendar, admissions, degree requirements, fees, regulations and course offerings.

This catalog contains an important note regarding the on-going COVID-19 Pandemic.

Ny Food 20/20: Vision, Research, And Recommendations During Covid-19 And Beyond, The Hunter College Nyc Food Policy Center, The Laurie M. Tisch Center For Food, Education & Policy, The Cuny Urban Food Policy Institute

Publications and Research

The public health and economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic to the New York City (NYC) food system have been tremendous. In the six months since March 2020, when the pandemic reached NYC’s 5 boroughs, the number of food-insecure individuals has nearly doubled from 1.2 million to 2 million;1 diet quality for many individuals has decreased;2 the local food workforce has lost more than two-thirds of its workers;3 and more than 1,000 NYC restaurants and food retail outlets have closed,4 some never to re-open.

Too often the impacts of a crisis such as COVID-19 are not measured until long after …

A Spiritual Vision For Catholic Educator Prep In A Time Of Disruption: A Reflective Essay, Angela T. Moret, Ronald R. O'Dwyer S.J.

COVID-19 and Catholic Schools

This essay reflects on the spiritual lessons learned as a Catholic graduate-level teacher prep program guided novice teachers through the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed the importance of articulating a clear spiritual vision rooted in scripture, history, and personal experience. The guiding spiritual lens has been the Emmaus story which helps us look to the past and to the future as we form and support early-career educators in Catholic schools.

Looking At Catholic Schools’ Responses To The Covid-19 Pandemic Through The Lens Of Catholic Social Teaching Principles, Audrey A. Friedman, Myra Rosen-Reynoso, Charles T. Cownie Iii, Cristina J. Hunter Phd

COVID-19 and Catholic Schools

The current COVID-19 crisis has significantly impacted all teachers throughout the country, in particular, those teaching in urban schools. The urgent nature of this crisis has brought new challenges to urban Catholic school educators specifically, and their ability to enact and model Catholic Social Teachings which include; respect for the life and dignity of the human person, the call to care for family and community, solidarity in uniting the human community, the dignity of work and the rights of workers, providing persons with rights that ensure decent lives such as an education, preferential option for the poor, and care for …

Gather Us In: Building Meaningful Relationships In Catholic Schools Amid A Covid-19 Context, Ronald D. Fussell

COVID-19 and Catholic Schools

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Catholic schools in the United States pivoted from traditional learning to a remote learning model to maintain continuity of instruction for students. This pivot has served as a catalyst for academic innovation in many Catholic schools. As Catholic schools turn their attention to the possibility of remote learning in the fall of 2020, it is important now to consider how remote learning impacts interpersonal relationships within the school community. This reflective essay examines implications of relationship building in a remote learning context using Cook and Simonds's (2011) framework for relationships for Catholic schools as a lens. …

Endeavoring A Critical And Thoughtful Response During And Beyond Covid-19: Community-Based Justice Work In A Catholic University, Qianhui Tian, Shanita Bigelow, Thomas Noel Jr., Joseph Gardner, Rebecca Michel

COVID-19 and Catholic Schools

The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting quarantines around the globe have required social justice educators to respond to the unprecedented challenges and the needs of the communities they serve more than ever before. This article explores how educators in a Catholic University conducted community-based justice work in response to the challenges of the pandemic by integrating educators’ solidarity with faith and social justice commitments. We introduce the Lift as You Climb (Lift) project as one example of our approach with Catholic value of promoting human rights and common good. We offer reflections on challenges and successes of community-based programming, considerations of …

Service-Learning In Catholic Higher Education And Alternative Approaches Facing The Covid-19 Pandemic, Qianhui Tian, Thomas Noel Jr.

COVID-19 and Catholic Schools

Drawing on a review of the literature on service-learning in Catholic higher education and the development of online service-learning, as well as an empirical case study of 2020 Vincentian Service Day at DePaul University, this article examines an alternative way to develop service-learning in Catholic schools in response to the reality and needs of the world in front of us. Service-learning is widely practiced in higher education institutions and plays an essential role in Catholic schools as it integrates students’ faith, morals, and spiritual growth with social justice commitments. School closures due to COVID-19 significantly impede service-learning. However, a successful …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 2, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Collins, Michael. Rough Start – COVID-19
• Thornton, Maggie. What a WKU Student Learned from Her Experience with COVID-19
• Harkreader, Dylan & Debra Murray. Programs That Rely On Hands-on Learning Adapt to Virtual Courses
• Meyer-Thornton, Zane. Keep It Going
• Hurst, Courtney, Robin Lester & Trenton Peyton. What Is Intercultural Student Engagement Center?
• Sisler, Julie. WKU Grad Student: It’s On the Administration, Not the Students
• Kieser, Nick. Football Takes Precautions to Kick Off Season COVID-Free
• Warner, Casey: Setting Up – Football
• Gaylord, Kaden. Making It Safe to …

Emergency Medicine Physician Burnout And Wellness In Canada Before Covid19: A National Survey, Rodrick Lim, Kristine Van Aarsen, Sara Gray, Louise Rang, Jada Fitzpatrick, Lisa Fischer

Paediatrics Publications

Introduction Emergency medicine (EM) is a high-risk specialty for burnout. COVID-19 has had and will continue to have important consequences on wellness and burnout for EM physicians in Canada. Baseline data are crucial to monitor the health of EM physicians in Canada, and evaluate any interventions designed to help during and after COVID-19.Objectives To describe the rates of burnout, depression, and suicidality in practicing EM physicians in Canada, just before the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods A modified snowball method was used for survey distribution. Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Health Services Tool (MBI-HSS), a screening measure for depression (PHQ-9), and …

Call To Action: Sars-Cov-2 And Cerebrovascular Disorders (Cascade), Shahram Abootalebi, Benjamin M. Aertker, Mohammad Sobhan Andalibi, Negar Asdaghi, Ozlem Aykac, M. Reza Azarpazhooh, M. Cecilia Bahit, Kristian Barlinn, Hamidon Basri, Reza Bavarsad Shahripour, Anna Bersano, Jose Biller, Afshin Borhani-Haghighi, Robert D. Brown, Bruce Cv Campbell, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Deidre Anne De Silva, Mario Di Napoli, Afshin A. Divani, Randall C. Edgell, Johanna T. Fifi, Abdoreza Ghoreishi, Teruyuki Hirano, Keun Sik Hong, Chung Y. Hsu, Josephine F. Huang, Manabu Inoue, Amanda L. Jagolino, Moira Kapral, Hoo Fan Kee, Zafer Keser, Rakesh Khatri

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Background and purpose: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), now named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may change the risk of stroke through an enhanced systemic inflammatory response, hypercoagulable state, and endothelial damage in the cerebrovascular system. Moreover, due to the current pandemic, some countries have prioritized health resources towards COVID-19 management, making it more challenging to appropriately care for other potentially disabling and fatal diseases such as stroke. The aim of this study is to identify and describe changes in stroke epidemiological trends before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is an international, multicenter, hospital-based …

Design, Usage And Review Of A Cost Effective And Innovative Face Shield In A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital During Covid-19 Pandemic, Satyam Chaturvedi, Amartya Gupta, Vimal Krishnan S, Anil K. Bhat

Open Access archive

Background: A major challenge of the coronavirus pandemic is personal protective equipment (PPE) shortage. The open source community mobilised solutions to combat this using 3D printing technology. One such solution was the face shield, which protects facial areas from droplet contamination when used by orthopaedic and other front line health care workers (HCWs). Objectives: To assess the efficacy of an in-house developed face shield based on feedback by HCWs and its usage in triaging zones and operation theatre in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A protective face shield was developed and distributed among the orthopaedic surgeons and front line HCWs …

Creating Collaborative Subject Guides For Multi-Insitutional Digital Collection: A Case Study From The Louisiana Digital Library, Sl Ziegler, Leah Powell

Faculty Publications

This case study focuses on the development of subject guides for the Louisiana Digital Library (LDL), a state-wide digital repository for digital cultural heritage. While subject guides are always important for navigating large collections, during the state-wide shutdown of libraries due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for the guides was greater than ever. In keeping with the LDL’s multi-institutional and collaborative nature, representatives from seven Louisiana-based institutions responded to an open call to form a rapid-response working group. Within three weeks, ten guides were developed and published. Equally important, an iterative workflow for building and updating guides was established …

Challenges Of Remote Teaching For K-12 Teachers During Covid-19, Nancy L. Leech, Sophie Gullett, Miriam Howland Cummings, Carolyn Haug

Journal of Educational Leadership in Action

During the Coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) remote learning presented many new challenges for K-12 teachers, and likely presented unique challenges for different content areas and grade levels. To investigate this problem, a survey-based quantitative study was conducted. A total of 831 teachers in a midwestern state completed a survey on the challenges of remote teaching. Results found (1) areas expected to present challenges that did not, (2) challenges that surfaced for teachers regardless of the grade level or content they taught, and (3) challenges that were experienced differently by teachers within educational levels and/or content areas. Continued exploration of how …

An Administrator's Perspective On The Novel Coronavirus, Jane Beese, Melissa Mlakar

Journal of Educational Leadership in Action

In our current situation, of COVID 19, many school administrators feel helpless and powerless. Bringing students back into the classroom puts leaders in a position where they cannot guarantee everyone’s safety. Leaders are under pressure to keep faculty, staff, and students safe and that responsibility can be overwhelming (National Association of Secondary School Principals, 2020a). Administrators have an obligation to provide an education to students. It is what educators, do, after all. However, school leaders also have an obligation as an employer to make sure our staff is supported and safe. It is hard to believe that leaders can do …

Population-Level Covid-19 Mortality Risk For Non-Elderly Individuals Overall And For Non-Elderly Individuals Without Underlying Diseases In Pandemic Epicenters, John P.A. Ioannidis, Cathrine Axfors, Despina G. Contopoulos-Ioannidis

All publications

Objective: To provide estimates of the relative rate of COVID-19 death in people < 65 years old versus older individuals in the general population, the absolute risk of COVID-19 death at the population level during the first epidemic wave, and the proportion of COVID-19 deaths in non-elderly people without underlying diseases in epicenters of the pandemic.

Eligible data: Cross-sectional survey of countries and US states with at least 800 COVID-19 deaths as of April 24, 2020 and with information on the number of deaths in people with age < 65. Data were available for 14 countries (Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK) and 13 US states (California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania). We also examined available data on COVID-19 deaths in people with age

Main outcome measures: Proportion of COVID-19 deaths in people < 65 years old; relative mortality rate of COVID-19 death in people < 65 versus ≥ 65 years old; absolute risk of COVID-19 death in people < 65 and in those ≥ 80 years old in the general population as of June 17, 2020; absolute COVID-19 mortality rate expressed as equivalent of mortality rate from driving a motor vehicle.

Results: Individuals with age < 65 account for 4.5–11.2% of all COVID-19 deaths in European countries and Canada, 8.3–22.7% in the US locations, and were the majority in India and Mexico. People < 65 years old had 30- to 100-fold lower risk of COVID-19 death than those ≥ 65 years old in 11 European countries and Canada, 16- to 52-fold lower risk in US locations, and less than 10-fold in India and Mexico. The absolute risk of COVID-19 death as of June 17, 2020 for people < 65 years old in high-income countries ranged from 10 (Germany) to 349 per million (New Jersey) and it was 5 per million in India and 96 per million in Mexico. The absolute risk of COVID-19 death for people ≥ 80 years old ranged from 0.6 (Florida) to 17.5 per thousand (Connecticut). The COVID-19 mortality rate in people < 65 years old during the period of fatalities from the epidemic was equivalent to the mortality rate from driving between 4 and 82 miles per day for 13 countries and 5 states, and was higher (equivalent to the mortality rate from driving 106–483 miles per day) for 8 other states and the UK. People < 65 years old without underlying predisposing conditions accounted for only 0.7–3.6% of all COVID-19 deaths in France, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Georgia, and New York City and 17.7% in Mexico.

Conclusions: People < 65 years old have very small risks of COVID-19 death even in pandemic epicenters and deaths for people < 65 years without underlying predisposing conditions are remarkably uncommon. Strategies focusing specifically on protecting high-risk elderly individuals should be considered in managing the pandemic.

Caring For Vulnerable Populations During A Pandemic: Literature Review, Jennifer L. Marsh, Marilyn O'Mallon, Steven Stockdale, Danita R. Potter

Nursing Faculty Publications and Presentations

Vulnerable populations account for a substantial proportion of the United States population. The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the elderly and those with underlying health issues as having the highest risk of mortality. This literature review utilizes a matrix approach to explore the challenges to providing care for the vulnerable elderly, those with underlying health issues, with disabilities, with low income or homelessness, and those with mental health concerns in these extreme times. Appropriate care for vulnerable populations in times of crisis requires focus and planning in critical areas. This article discusses the critical areas of communications and trust, policies …

Comment By Connie Lamb, Connie Lamb

Comparative Civilizations Review

The Coronavirus pandemic put a halt to many normal activities. One of the institutions heavily impacted by the virus is libraries.

Comment By Rosemary Gillett-Karam, Rosemary Gillett-Karam

Comparative Civilizations Review

The Department of Homeland Security, with its Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVIS) arms, announced unexpectedly on July 6 of this year that international students studying in the United States at universities and colleges which were converting to all-online instruction because of the pandemic would become immediately ineligible to continue their enrollment in their college or university courses if their own countries had similar programs available.

Information Overload Regarding Covid-19: Adaptation And Validation Of The Cancer Information Overload Scale, Sujit Sarkhel, Ajay Kumar Bakhla, Samir Kumar Praharaj, Malay Kumar Ghosal

Open Access archive

Background: Access to excessive information from multiple sources relating to COVID-19 in a short span of time can have detrimental effects on individuals. Aim: The study aims to validate Corona Information Overload Scale (CoIOS) by adaptation of Cancer Information Overload scale (CIOS) on English speaking Indian citizens. Materials and Methods: An online survey was carried out using Google Form on 300 individuals out of whom 183 responded. The CoIOS was to be filled up. It was an 8 item Likert type scale with responses ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.” Results: Principal components analysis showed two components with an …

A Spiritual Vision For Catholic Educator Prep In A Time Of Disruption: A Reflective Essay, Angela T. Moret, Ronald R. O'Dwyer S.J.

Journal of Catholic Education

This essay reflects on the spiritual lessons learned as a Catholic graduate-level teacher prep program guided novice teachers through the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed the importance of articulating a clear spiritual vision rooted in scripture, history, and personal experience. The guiding spiritual lens has been the Emmaus story which helps us look to the past and to the future as we form and support early-career educators in Catholic schools.

Zoonotic Diseases: Etiology, Impact, And Control., Md. Tanvir Rahman, Md. Abdus Sobur, Md. Saiful Islam, Samina Ievy, Md. Jannat Hossain, Mohamed E El Zowalaty, Amm Taufiquer Rahman, Hossam M Ashour

All publications

Most humans are in contact with animals in a way or another. A zoonotic disease is a disease or infection that can be transmitted naturally from vertebrate animals to humans or from humans to vertebrate animals. More than 60% of human pathogens are zoonotic in origin. This includes a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites, and other pathogens. Factors such as climate change, urbanization, animal migration and trade, travel and tourism, vector biology, anthropogenic factors, and natural factors have greatly influenced the emergence, re-emergence, distribution, and patterns of zoonoses. As time goes on, there are more emerging and …

Sars-Cov-2 Infection In The Copd Population Is Associated With Increased Healthcare Utilization: An Analysis Of Cleveland Clinic's Covid-19 Registry, Amy A. Attaway, Joe Zein, Umur S. Hatipoğlu

All publications

Background: We sought to determine whether COPD conferred a higher risk for healthcare utilization in terms of hospitalization and clinical outcomes due to COVID-19.

Methods: A cohort study with covariate adjustment using multivariate logistic regression was conducted at the Cleveland Clinic Health System in Ohio and Florida. Symptomatic patients aged 35 years and older who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 between March 8 and May 13, 2020 were included.

Findings: 15,586 individuals tested for COVID-19 at the Cleveland Clinic between March 8, 2020 and May 13, 2020 met our inclusion criteria. 12.4% of COPD patients (164/1319) tested positive for COVID-19 compared …

Service-Learning In Catholic Higher Education And Alternative Approaches Facing The Covid-19 Pandemic, Qianhui Tian, Thomas Noel Jr.

Journal of Catholic Education

Drawing on a review of the literature on service-learning in Catholic higher education and the development of online service-learning, as well as an empirical case study of 2020 Vincentian Service Day at DePaul University, this article examines an alternative way to develop service-learning in Catholic schools in response to the reality and needs of the world in front of us. Service-learning is widely practiced in higher education institutions and plays an essential role in Catholic schools as it integrates students’ faith, morals, and spiritual growth with social justice commitments. School closures due to COVID-19 significantly impede service-learning. However, a successful …

Institutional Origins Of Covid-19 Public Health Protective Policy Response (Ppi) Data Set V. 1.2 (Countries), Olga Shvetsova, Abdul Basit Adeel, Michael Catalano, Olivia Catalano, Frank Giannelli, Ezgi Muftuoglu, Tara Riggs, Mehmet Halit Sezgin, Naveed Tahir, Julie Vandusky-Allen, Tianyi Zhao, Andrei Zhirnov

Working Papers Series

This is an original dataset of stringency of public health policy measures that were adopted in response to COVID-19 worldwide by governments at different levels January 24 and April 30 2020. The national file includes daily national level aggregates for 64 countries. The regional file includes daily sub-national level aggregates for Canada and the USA. To measure COVID-19 mitigation policy responses, we gathered data on policies that national and subnational policymakers adopted within fifteen public health categories: state of emergency, self-isolation and quarantine, border closures, limits on social gatherings, school closings, closure of entertainment venues, closure of restaurants, closure of …

Covid-19 Pathways For Brain And Heart Injury In Comorbidity Patients: A Role Of Medical Imaging And Artificial Intelligence-Based Covid Severity Classification: A Review., Jasjit S Suri, Anudeep Puvvula, Mainak Biswas, Misha Majhail, Luca Saba, Gavino Faa, Inder M Singh, Ronald Oberleitner, Monika Turk, Paramjit S Chadha, Amer M Johri, J Miguel Sanches, Narendra N Khanna, Klaudija Viskovic, Sophie Mavrogeni, John R Laird, Gyan Pareek, Martin Miner, David W Sobel, Antonella Balestrieri, Petros P Sfikakis, George Tsoulfas, Athanasios Protogerou, Durga Prasanna Misra, Vikas Agarwal, George D Kitas, Puneet Ahluwalia, Raghu Kolluri, Jagjit Teji, Mustafa Al Maini, Ann Agbakoba, Surinder K Dhanjil, Meyypan Sockalingam, Ajit Saxena, Andrew Nicolaides, Aditya Sharma, Vijay Rathore, Janet N A Ajuluchukwu, Mostafa Fatemi, Azra Alizad, Vijay Viswanathan, Pudukode R Krishnan, Subbaram Naidu

Trauma and Acute Care Articles

Artificial intelligence (AI) has penetrated the field of medicine, particularly the field of radiology. Since its emergence, the highly virulent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected over 10 million people, leading to over 500,000 deaths as of July 1st, 2020. Since the outbreak began, almost 28,000 articles about COVID-19 have been published (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov); however, few have explored the role of imaging and artificial intelligence in COVID-19 patients-specifically, those with comorbidities. This paper begins by presenting the four pathways that can lead to heart and brain injuries following a COVID-19 infection. Our survey also offers insights into the role that imaging …

Neuroendovascular Clinical Trials Disruptions Due To Covid-19. Potential Future Challenges And Opportunities, Ansaar T. Rai, Thabele M. Leslie-Mazwi, Kyle M. Fargen, Aditya S. Pandey, Guilherme Dabus, Ameer E. Hassan, Justin F. Fraser, Joshua A. Hirsch, Rishi Gupta, Ricardo Hanel

School of Medicine Publications

Objective: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on neurovascular research and deal with the challenges imposed by the pandemic.

Methods: A survey-based study focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single-arm studies for acute ischemic stroke and cerebral aneurysms was developed by a group of senior neurointerventionalists and sent to sites identified through the clinical trials website (https:// clinicaltrials. gov/), study sponsors, and physician investigators.

Results: The survey was sent to 101 institutions, with 65 responding (64%). Stroke RCTs were being conducted at 40 (62%) sites, aneurysm RCTs at 22 (34%) sites, stroke single-arm studies at 37 (57%) sites, and …

Efficacy Of Hydroxychloroquine And Tocilizumab In Patients With Covid-19: Single-Center Retrospective Chart Review., Sohaib Roomi, Waqas Ullah, Faizan Ahmed, Soban Farooq, Usama Sadiq, Asad Chohan, Munnam Jafar, Maryum Saddique, Shristi Khanal, Robert Watson, Margot Boigon

Abington Jefferson Health Papers

BACKGROUND: During the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an unfounded fervor surrounding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and tocilizumab (TCZ); however, evidence on their efficacy and safety have been controversial.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the overall clinical effectiveness of HCQ and TCZ in patients with COVID-19. We hypothesize that HCQ and TCZ use in these patients will be associated with a reduction in in-hospital mortality, upgrade to intensive medical care, invasive mechanical ventilation, or acute renal failure needing dialysis.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed to determine the impact of HCQ …