Digital Commons Network^™

Unmet Needs And Coping Strategies Of Older Underserved Veterans During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Trenton M. Haltom, Joyce Tiong, Tracy L. Evans, Nipa Kamdar, Gala True, Mark E. Kunik

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound impacts on people with diabetes, a group with high morbidity and mortality. Factors like race, age, income, Veteran-status, and limited or interrupted resources early in the COVID-19 pandemic compounded risks for negative health outcomes. Our objective was to characterize the experiences and needs of under-resourced Veterans with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews (March through September 2021) with U.S. military Veterans with diabetes. Transcripts were analyzed using a team-based, iterative process of summarizing and coding to identify key themes. Participants included Veterans (n = 25) who …

Why The West Should Help China Reduce Unrecognized And Preventable Covid-19 Deaths, George A. Gellert

Journal of Health Ethics

In an era marked by a ruinous war between a democratic state and a totalitarian regime, political volatility, rightward looking isolationism and nationalism, and heightened competition and disputes between China and the West, it is perhaps difficult to discern why the West should supply China with COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics, as well as epidemiological assistance in order to mitigate a potentially unrecognized COVID-19 crisis in that nation. This commentary considers three arguments against Western and international indifference to the plight of China as it transitions to COVID-19 endemicity.

Ethical Considerations Surrounding Vaccine Development During A Public Health Crisis, Syed Arsalan Akhter Zaidi, Kainat Saleem, Rahul Bollam, Bushra Zaidi

Journal of Health Ethics

Epidemics and Pandemics have been plaguing mankind since many centuries, and are a cause of major healthcare expense in modern times. The novel coronavirus pandemic of 2019-2020 spread worldwide faster than many previous pandemics, including EBOLA in 2017. Although personal protective equipment, and social distancing slowed the outbreak, a vaccine is needed to ensure global immunization and to stop this deadly outbreak. Developing a vaccine in times of a public health crisis comes with a lot of ethical considerations, including overlooking proper informed consent, the issue of using placebo in control arm of trials, extended timelines of development of vaccines, …

Kg-Hub-Building And Exchanging Biological Knowledge Graphs., J Harry Caufield, Tim Putman, Kevin Schaper, Deepak R Unni, Harshad Hegde, Tiffany J Callahan, Luca Cappelletti, Sierra A T Moxon, Vida Ravanmehr, Seth Carbon, Lauren E Chan, Katherina Cortes, Kent A Shefchek, Glass Elsarboukh, Jim Balhoff, Tommaso Fontana, Nicolas Matentzoglu, Richard M Bruskiewich, Anne E Thessen, Nomi L Harris, Monica C Munoz-Torres, Melissa A Haendel, Peter N Robinson, Marcin P Joachimiak, Christopher J Mungall, Justin T Reese

Faculty Research 2023

MOTIVATION: Knowledge graphs (KGs) are a powerful approach for integrating heterogeneous data and making inferences in biology and many other domains, but a coherent solution for constructing, exchanging, and facilitating the downstream use of KGs is lacking.

RESULTS: Here we present KG-Hub, a platform that enables standardized construction, exchange, and reuse of KGs. Features include a simple, modular extract-transform-load pattern for producing graphs compliant with Biolink Model (a high-level data model for standardizing biological data), easy integration of any OBO (Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies) ontology, cached downloads of upstream data sources, versioned and automatically updated builds with stable URLs, …

Pandemic Response Officers: Integration Between Medical, Public Health, And Higher Education Systems To Expedite Prevention And Response., Anne C Jones, Genevive R Meredith, Donna Leong, Sabine Jamal, Rachel Buckwalter, John D Clarke, Marin Clarkberg, Allan Bishop, Frank Cantone, Claire Espey, Frank Kruppa, Mary George Opperman, Gary A Koretzky

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

CONTEXT: Research and policy studies alike have enumerated population and community health benefits of system integration between medical, public health, and social entities. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the necessity of a well-trained and adequately staffed public health and medical workforce in order to process SARS-CoV-2 cases and prevent subsequent transmission. Higher education systems, in particular, represented defined populations of exposure and transmission. Opportunities existed for collaboration and task sharing between institutions of higher education and local public health departments to limit spread and impacts.

PROGRAM: This article describes the Pandemic Response Officer (PRO) program at Cornell University, …

Differentially Expressed Genes In Dental Pulp Tissues Of Individuals With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis With And Without History Of Covid-19, Han Na Cho, Leticia Chaves De Souza, Cleverick Johnson, John R Klein, Timothy C Kirkpatrick, Renato Silva, Ariadne Letra

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Increased levels of proinflammatory markers have been reported in tissues of individuals with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We hypothesize that inflamed dental pulp tissues of individuals with previous history of COVID-19 may present a differential inflammatory gene expression profile in comparison with individuals who never had COVID-19.

Materials and methods: Dental pulp tissues were collected from 27 individuals referred for endodontic treatment due to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Of these, 16 individuals had a history of COVID-19 (6 months to 1 year post infection) and 11 individuals had no previous history of COVID-19 (controls). Total RNA from pulp tissue samples …

Why Judges Should Use 18 U.S.C. § 3553 To Assess Prison Sentences Qualitatively In The Context Of Collateral Relief, Luke Doughty

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality

No abstract provided.

An Old Illness: How The United States Uses Racist And Xenophobic Ideas About Disease To Exclude Haitian Migrants During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Emily Mcconnville

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality

No abstract provided.

Multiple Sterile Withdrawals From Iohexol Bottles Does Not Increase Contamination Risk, Caroline Purtill, Manraj Dhesi, Daniel Haber, Nicholas D'Antonio, Noreen J. Hickok, Jeremy I. Simon

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: There is a global shortage of iohexol contrast media, commonly used in epidural injections, as a result of lockdown and decreased production due to COVID-19. Iohexol bottles are designated for single use, which, depending on the vials available, often leads to wasting up to 95% of this limited resource. However, avoiding multiple withdrawals may be unnecessary if withdrawing multiple times using sterile technique does not increase the risk for contamination.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study is to determine whether multiple withdrawals from iohexol injection bottles using a sterile technique poses a greater risk of introducing contaminants than a …

Association Between Sars-Cov-2 Variants And Frequency Of Acute Symptoms: Analysis Of A Multi-Institutional Prospective Cohort Study-December 20, 2020-June 20, 2022., Ralph C, Wang, Michael Gottlieb, Juan Carlos C. Montoy, Robert M. Rodriguez, Huihui Yu, Erica S. Spatz, Christopher W. Chandler, Joann G. Elmore, Paavali A. Hannikainen, Anna Marie Chang, Mandy Hill, Ryan M. Huebinger, Ahamed H. Idris, Katherine Koo, Shu-Xia Li, Samuel Mcdonald, Graham Nichol, Kelli N. O'Laughlin, Ian D. Plumb, Michelle Santangelo, Sharon Saydah, Kari A. Stephens, Arjun K. Venkatesh, Robert A. Weinstein

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Background: While prior work examining severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern focused on hospitalization and death, less is known about differences in clinical presentation. We compared the prevalence of acute symptoms across pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron.

Methods: We conducted an analysis of the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE), a cohort study enrolling symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive participants. We determined the association between the pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron time periods and the prevalence of 21 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute symptoms.

Results: We enrolled 4113 participants from December 2020 to June 2022. Pre-Delta vs Delta …

Parenting During A Pandemic: Understanding The Impact Of Covid-19 On Early Childhood Development, Jessica A. Manes

Senior Theses

The early years of a child's life are crucial for their development, shaping their ability to process information, communicate, and form their identity. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted essential elements necessary for optimal early childhood development, including quality education, nurturing environments, and social stimulation. This study explored how parents in South Carolina perceived the pandemic's impact on their children's development. Five themes emerged from the study. Firstly, remote work due to pandemic protocols significantly affected the parent-child relationship. Secondly, the family's socioeconomic status influenced their ability to cope with and protect their children from the pandemic's impact. Thirdly, isolation resulting …

The Parental Well-Being Gap Before And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Morgan Renee Koziol

Theses and Dissertations

Prior research has examined the emotional costs and benefits associated with parenting. In general, this body of literature finds that parents experience lower levels of subjective well-being compared to non-parents—a phenomenon referred to as the parental well-being gap. There is evidence that this parental well-being gap has narrowed or disappeared altogether in more recent years. However, the COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges to parents that may have resulted in a widening or reopening of this gap once again. This project aims to test this possibility by drawing on data from The General Social Survey that capture the survey year prior …

Allogeneic, Off-The-Shelf, Sars-Cov-2-Specific T Cells (Alvr109) For The Treatment Of Covid-19 In High-Risk Patients, Spyridoula Vasileiou, Laquisa Hill, Manik Kuvalekar, Aster G Workineh, Ayumi Watanabe, Yovana Velazquez, Suhasini Lulla, Kimberly Mooney, Natalia Lapteva, Bambi J Grilley, Helen E Heslop, Cliona M Rooney, Malcolm K Brenner, Todd N Eagar, George Carrum, Kevin A Grimes, Ann M Leen, Premal Lulla

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Defects in T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 have been linked to an increased risk of severe COVID-19 (even after vaccination), persistent viral shedding and the emergence of more virulent viral variants. To address this T-cell deficit, we sought to prepare and cryopreserve banks of virus-specific T cells, which would be available as a partially HLA-matched, off-the-shelf product for immediate therapeutic use. By interrogating the peripheral blood of healthy convalescent donors, we identified immunodominant and protective T-cell target antigens, and generated and characterized polyclonal virus-specific T-cell lines with activity against multiple clinically important SARS-CoV-2 variants (including 'delta' and 'omicron'). The feasibility of …

Artificial Intelligence Tool For The Study Of Covid-19 Microdroplet Spread Across The Human Diameter And Airborne Space, Hesham H. Alsaadi, Monther Aldwairi, Faten Yasin, Sandra C.P. Cachinho, Abdullah Hussein

All Works

The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19), with a point of origin in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly all over the world. It turned into a raging pandemic wrecking havoc on health care facilities, world economy and affecting everyone’s life to date. With every new variant, rate of transmission, spread of infections and the number of cases continues to rise at an international level and scale. There are limited reliable researches that study microdroplets spread and transmissions from human sneeze or cough in the airborne space. In this paper, we propose an intelligent technique to visualize, detect, measure the distance …

In Silico Study Of Polyphenol Compounds From Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis L.) As Inhibitors Of 3clpro Of Sars-Cov2, Junaidin Junaidin, Selvira Anandia Intan Maulidya, Krisyanti Budipramana, Faisal Ismail, Tegar Achsendo Yuniarta, Diana Sylvia

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak prompts the world to develop novel drugs to treat the disease. Targeting the virus protein has attracted a great interest in COVID-19 drug discovery. The 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 protein is one of the promising targets for its important role in viral replication. Various efforts have been made to find a specific therapeutic for COVID-19, including those derived from plants as anti-COVID-19. Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) contains polyphenols which have been known for their health benefits. Objectives: This study aims to discover the activity of green tea polyphenols as 3CLpro …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Psychosocial Services And Perceived Supports For Pediatric Patients, Samantha Martinez

Theses and Dissertations

In March 2020, the World Health Organization named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a global pandemic. While the physiological damage of COVID-19 on individuals and communities is itself immeasurable, both because variants continue to spread and because of the unpredictable nature of “long COVID,” we know even less about the long-term psychological impacts on individuals. Lockdown procedures, including school closures, were necessary to prevent transmission of the virus and to protect the most vulnerable bodies (namely, the elderly and immuno-compromised). However, the effect of the closures disproportionately resulted in psychological damage to children and adolescents. Previous studies have …

Exploring Bhutanese Primary School Teachers’ Technological Knowledge, Sonam Dhendup, Kezang Sherab

Journal of Global Education and Research

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the normal functions of schools globally. Online learning is a new concept in Bhutan. Nonetheless, classes have begun using various online learning platforms to continue their operations during the pandemic. This study examined primary school teachers’ perceived information technology knowledge and proficiency. The participants of this study consisted of 124 primary teachers from two western districts of Bhutan. Data were collected using an online survey. The study’s findings suggested that although the majority of participants (98.2%) had access to personal digital devices, slow internet connection and high internet data subscription charges (60.7%) were cited as …

Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal With The Hemolung In Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study, Ravindranath Tiruvoipati, Bindu Akkanti, Kha Dinh, Nicholas Barrett, Alexandra May, Jeremy Kimmel, Steven A Conrad

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO 2 R) devices are effective in reducing hypercapnia and mechanical ventilation support but have not been shown to reduce mortality. This may be due to case selection, device performance, familiarity, or the management. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a single ECCO 2 R device (Hemolung) in patients with acute respiratory failure and identify variables associated with survival that could help case selection in clinical practice as well as future research.

Design: Multicenter, multinational, retrospective review.

Setting: Data from the Hemolung Registry between April 2013 and June …

Management Of Pediatric Appendicitis During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Multicenter Cohort Study, Brittany Hegde, Elisa Garcia, Andrew Hu, Mehul Raval, Sanyu Takirambudde, Derek Wakeman, Ruth Lewit, Ankush Gosain, Raphael H Parrado, Robert A Cina, Krista Stephenson, Melvin S Dassinger, Daniel Zhang, Moiz M Mustafa, Donna Koo, Aaron M Lipskar, Katherine Scheidler, Kyle J Van Arendonk, Patrick Berg, Raquel Gonzalez, Daniel Scheese, Jeffrey Haynes, Alexander Mina, Irving J Zamora, Monica E Lopez, Steven C Mehl, Elizabeth Gilliam, Katrina Lofberg, Brianna Spencer, Afif N Kulaylat, Brian C Gulack, Matthew Johnson, Matthew Laskovy, Pavan Brahmamdam, Aoi Shimomura, Therese Blanch, Kuojen Tsao, Bethany J Slater

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted timely access to care for children, including patients with appendicitis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on management of appendicitis and patient outcomes.

METHODS: A multicenter retrospective study was performed including 19 children's hospitals from April 2019-October 2020 of children (age≤18 years) diagnosed with appendicitis. Groups were defined by each hospital's city/state stay-at-home orders (SAHO), designating patients as Pre-COVID (Pre-SAHO) or COVID (Post-SAHO). Demographic, treatment, and outcome data were obtained, and univariate and multivariable analysis was performed.

RESULTS: Of 6,014 patients, 2,413 (40.1%) presented during the COVID-19 pandemic. More …

Therapeutic Potential Of Salicylamide Derivatives For Combating Viral Infections, Jimin Xu, Yu Xue, Andrew A Bolinger, Jun Li, Mingxiang Zhou, Haiying Chen, Hongmin Li, Jia Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Since time immemorial human beings have constantly been fighting against viral infections. The ongoing and devastating coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic represents one of the most severe and most significant public health emergencies in human history, highlighting an urgent need to develop broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Salicylamide (2-hydroxybenzamide) derivatives, represented by niclosamide and nitazoxanide, inhibit the replication of a broad range of RNA and DNA viruses such as flavivirus, influenza A virus, and coronavirus. Moreover, nitazoxanide was effective in clinical trials against different viral infections including diarrhea caused by rotavirus and norovirus, uncomplicated influenza A and B, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. …

How Post-Immunization Covid-19 Context Affected Residents’ Evacuation Behavior During Hurricane Ida, Amy Polen, Jennifer Collins, Elizabeth Dunn, Stephen Murphy, Isabelle Jernigan, Killian Mcsweeney, Yi Jie Zhu

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, decision-making during disasters fundamentally changed to accommodate the combined risks of hurricanes and infectious diseases. Prior research conducted in 2020 by Collins et al. examined how individuals changed their intended evacuation decision-making during the pandemic or their actual evacuation decisions during Hurricanes Laura and Sally. Hurricane Ida provided further data on evacuation decision-making when vaccinations and masks were widely available. A digital survey was disseminated to individuals affected by Hurricane Ida in 2021. Respondents provided information about their actual evacuation choices and perceptions of public shelters and COVID-19 risks. In comparison with the …

Institute For Global Health And Development : Issue 5 - July 2023, Institute For Global Health And Development

IGHD Newsletters

• Research Highlights
• Key Publications
• IGHD in the News
• Webinars, Academics & Conferences
• ‘Choice’ Programme - Technical Advisory Group
• Welcome New Team Members
• Mark your Calendars: Upcoming Event
• Congratulations Team IGHD
• Collaborate With Us

Patient Experiences And Disparities In Telehealth Hiv Care During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Study Results From The Southern United States, Valerie Yelverton

Theses and Dissertations

Background: To maintain HIV care continuity during the COVID-19 pandemic, most HIV care facilities in the United States adopted telehealth. However, not everyone was participating in telehealth equally. This dissertation seeks to understand experiences with and the use of telehealth in HIV care, and decision processes guiding the selection of visit type during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Qualitative interviews explored people living with HIV’s (PWH) and HIV care provider’s experiences with telehealth HIV care and visit type decision processes. Quantitative analyses of electronic health record (EHR) data characterized patterns of and disparities in telehealth HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic. …

Effects Of Covid-19 On The Autonomic Cardiovascular System: Heart Rate Variability And Turbulence In Recovered Patients, Sedat Taş, Ümmü Taş

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 may be a risk factor for developing cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. Data are limited, however, on the association between heart rate variability, heart rate turbulence, and COVID-19. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular autonomic system in patients with persistent symptoms after recovering from COVID-19 and to determine whether these patients showed changes in ambulatory electrocardiography monitoring.

METHODS: Fifty-one adults who had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and presented with persistent symptoms to the cardiology outpatient clinic after clinical recovery between April and June 2021 were included. Patients were prospectively followed for 6 …

Longitudinal Analysis Of The Evolution Of Cellular Immunity To Sars-Cov-2 Induced By Infection And Vaccination, Spyridoula Vasileiou, Manik Kuvalekar, Yovana Velazquez, Ayumi Watanabe, Mansi Narula, Aster G Workineh, Matthew French-Kim, Alejandro Torres Chavez, Sarah Gilmore, Cliona M Rooney, Ann M Leen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Posttransplant Outcomes For Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Karthik Goli, Peter Lymberopoulos, Ronald Samuel, Anjiya Shaikh, Nisha Parakadavil, Donghee Kim, Aijaz Ahmed, John A Goss, Abbas Rana, Tzu-Hao Lee, Fasiha Kanwal, George Cholankeril

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Ludwig’S Angina And Treatment Considerations In The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kevyn Niu, Hossein Tohidi, Hibah Khan, Paul Kitsis

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Ludwig’s angina is a type of severe cellulitis that spreads rapidly and carries a significant risk of airway compromise. Previous complications with COVID-19 are poorly described within the literature.

Case Presentation

This case report describes the complication of COVID-19 infection with suspected Ludwig’s angina 2 days after admission, resulting in awake fibroscopic endotracheal intubation. Emergent treatment and establishing a secure airway are paramount in these cases. We discuss the role of antibiotics and adjunct treatment in these cases of potential airway compromise.

Conclusion

Limited data demonstrate simultaneous infection of COVID-19 with these types of submandibular soft tissue infections in …

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Physical And Mental Health Of School-Aged Children, Syed Azlan Abbas, Sufia Athar, Nadeem Zafar Jilani

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a deleterious impact on global health. School-aged children were significantly impacted by the pandemic. These impacts may be attributed to the fact that this age group is at a vulnerable developmental stage and is susceptible to profound effects. We conducted a thorough literature review using PubMed, Medline, and Science Direct electronic database searches between 2020-2022. We retrieved 757 studies, 25 of which were included in our review. We considered the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and mental health of school-aged children (5-18 years), and the results were analyzed and included in our …

Perubahan Perilaku Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (Apd) Pasca Terinfeksi Covid-19 Pada Dokter Di Indonesia: Sebuah Survei Nasional Pada Awal Pandemi, Herikurniawan Herikurniawan, Evy Yunihastuti, Ari F. Syam, Dewi Sumaryani Sumaryani Soemarko, Andrian Wiraguna

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Doctors have greater risk of acquiring COVID-19 due to occupational exposure. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is an essential factor in reducing COVID-19 transmission. We aimed to evaluate the behavior changes of PPE usage among doctors in Indonesia before and after getting COVID-19 infection in early pandemic.

Methods. This was a descriptive online survey with cross-sectional design. This survey was conducted from October-December 2020 among Indonesian doctors who were COVID-19 survivors.

Results. A total of 389 doctors who survived COVID-19 infection across Indonesia were included in the final analysis. Most participants were general practitioners and residents (69.2%) with a median …

Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit Dan Kadar D-Dimer Berdasarkan Derajat Keparahan Pasien Covid-19 Di Rumah Sakit Semen Padang : Studi Kasus Kontrol, Hanifa Zahra Besri, Efrida Efrida, Yusri Dianne Jurnalis, Andani Eka Putra, Dewi Wahyu Fitrina, Husni Husni

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which in 2020 was declared a global pandemic. In the management of COVID-19, patients are classified according to the severity. Identifying prognostic factors at an early stage helps assess severity risks. Abnormal hematological parameters were present in COVID-19 patients such as the elevation of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and D-dimer patients. This study aimed to determine the NLR and D-dimer levels based on the severity of COVID-19 patients.

Methods. This study was an observational analytical study that used a case-control approach using 100 medical records of …