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Oceanic Property Transport, Lagrangian Particle Statistics, And Their Prediction, R. E. Davis
Oceanic Property Transport, Lagrangian Particle Statistics, And Their Prediction, R. E. Davis
Journal of Marine Research
The relationship between the transport of scalar properties and the statistics of material particle motion is examined. It is shown that evolution of the mean concentration field is determined by the statistics of single particles while two particle statistics describe the typical dispersal of individual property clouds. It is argued that oceanic observations of quasi-Lagrangian floats provide a useful and direct description of lateral advection and eddy dispersal. A simple model for predicting statistics of particle dispersal from Eulerian statistics of velocity is advanced. This model is tested against simulations of particle motion in random two-dimensional velocity fields with prescribed …
Vertical Motion Of The Thermocline, Nitracline And Chlorophyll Maximum Layers In Relation To Currents On The Southern California Shelf, J. J. Cullen, E. Stewart, E. Renger, R. W. Eppley, C. D. Winant
Vertical Motion Of The Thermocline, Nitracline And Chlorophyll Maximum Layers In Relation To Currents On The Southern California Shelf, J. J. Cullen, E. Stewart, E. Renger, R. W. Eppley, C. D. Winant
Journal of Marine Research
A continuous four-day time series of nitrate concentration, temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, and currents, sampled at fixed depths, revealed that distributions of temperature and nitrate could be accounted for by vertical motions in the water column associated with the semidiurnal internal tide and internal waves. A probable mixing event was observed: the transport of nitrate into the surface-layer associated with shear instabilities generated by internal waves. On temporal scales of less than a few hours, the variation of chlorophyll fluorescence could also be explained by vertical advection. However, on longer scales, swimming behavior of the phytoplankton assemblage (dominated by Ceratium spp. …
Lagrangian Eddy Statistics From Surface Drifters In The Eastern North Atlantic, Alain Colin De Verdiere
Lagrangian Eddy Statistics From Surface Drifters In The Eastern North Atlantic, Alain Colin De Verdiere
Journal of Marine Research
In 1976–1977, 16 surface drifters were seeded regularly in an area about 100 km in diameter, providing a good opportunity to study diffusion induced by the mesoscale eddies present in this part of the eastern North Atlantic. It is found herein that Taylor's formula relating the diffusivity (rate of dispersion) of marked fluid parcels to the integral of the Lagrangian correlation function is accurate up to 30 days. The diffusivity, initially zero, reaches a plateau after about 10 days. The diffusivities associated with the time scale of the energy containing eddies (30 days) are 2.3 107 cm2/s …
Regulation Of Phytoplankton Communities By Physical Processes In Upwelling Ecosystems, Walker O. Smith, George W. Heburn, Richard T. Barber, James J. O'Brien
Regulation Of Phytoplankton Communities By Physical Processes In Upwelling Ecosystems, Walker O. Smith, George W. Heburn, Richard T. Barber, James J. O'Brien
Journal of Marine Research
Sinking rates of particles were superimposed on the x-z-t current field observed at 15S off the coast of San Juan, Peru in March–May, 1977 to calculate particle trajectories in the upwelling circulation. Vertical velocities were calculated by a modified variational objective analysis technique using the measured onshore and longshore currents in conjunction with the physical constraint of mass continuity. The calculated vertical flow showed considerable temporal and spatial variability, with the mean vertical transport varying by two orders of magnitude over the 16 km wide continental shelf. Changes in direction occurred rapidly (within 24 h) as has been observed for …
Equatorial Ocean Response To Growing And Moving Wind Systems With Application To The Atlantic, R. H. Weisberg, T. Y. Tang
Equatorial Ocean Response To Growing And Moving Wind Systems With Application To The Atlantic, R. H. Weisberg, T. Y. Tang
Journal of Marine Research
Investigation is made into the response of an equatorial ocean to growing and moving zonal wind systems as motivated by observations of maximum upwelling central to the equatorial Atlantic basin and westward progressing thermal and momentum signatures near the surface. Analytical solutions to the linear, reduced gravity, equatorial β-plane equations of motion subject to a long wave approximation are given for three easterly forcing functions: 1) linearly expanding fetch with constant stress, 2) linearly expanding fetch and stress, and 3) constant fetch and stress, translating westward. The results, as they may relate to the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, are discussed.
Enhanced Growth Of A Filter-Feeding Bivalve By A Deposit-Feeding Polychaete By Means Of Nutrient Regeneration, James R. Weinberg, Robert B. Whitlatch
Enhanced Growth Of A Filter-Feeding Bivalve By A Deposit-Feeding Polychaete By Means Of Nutrient Regeneration, James R. Weinberg, Robert B. Whitlatch
Journal of Marine Research
Sediment reworking and tube irrigation by the deposit-feeding polychaete, Clymenella torquata, reduced the quantity of particulate organic matter (POM) at the sediment-water interface and increased concentrations of dissolved nutrients (nitrite, ammonia, silicate, phosphate) in the water overlying laboratory microcosms. To determine the effect of these changes on growth of the filter-feeding bivalve, Gemma gemma, clams of the same initial size were grown under different laboratory conditions, representing all combinations of the following three treatments: (a) presence or absence of light, (b) presence or absence of C. torquata, and (c) proximity to C. torquata (clams living in sediment with worms or …
A Subsurface Particle Maximum Layer And Enhanced Microbial Activity In The Secondary Nitrite Maximum Of The Northeastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, P. C. Garfield, T. T. Packard, G. E. Friederich, L. A. Codispoti
A Subsurface Particle Maximum Layer And Enhanced Microbial Activity In The Secondary Nitrite Maximum Of The Northeastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, P. C. Garfield, T. T. Packard, G. E. Friederich, L. A. Codispoti
Journal of Marine Research
Profiles of light transmission, dissolved oxygen, dissolved nutrients, electron transport system (ETS) activity, temperature and salinity were made in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean. A particle maximum at 150–300 m within the oxygen minimum and secondary nitrite maximum was associated with the salinity maximum of Subtropical Subsurface Water. A subsurface maximum in ETS activity was also found to be associated with the secondary nitrite maximum and the particle maximum. Persistence of these features at a constant depth and their location within a minimum in vertical static stability suggest an advective and/or in situ origin for the particles and an in …
Equatorial Current Measurements, I. Moored Observations, James R. Luyten
Equatorial Current Measurements, I. Moored Observations, James R. Luyten
Journal of Marine Research
The low frequency fluctuations in the western Indian Ocean are dominated by energetic variability with relatively small horizontal and vertical scales. The time series of horizontal current and temperature exhibit a number of energetic events which, for the most part, are not sufficiently resolved to assign a spatial scale to the underlying process....
On The Movements Of Deep Mesoscale Eddies In The North Atlantic, Doron Nof
On The Movements Of Deep Mesoscale Eddies In The North Atlantic, Doron Nof
Journal of Marine Research
A simplified three layer model is considered in order to examine the movements of deep mesoscale eddies such as the isolated Mediterranean eddies observed off the Bahamas. These anticyclonic eddies are found in the permanent thermocline more than 6000 km away from their parent water mass and are characterized by a lens-like cross section....
Temporal And Spatial Patterns Of Monsoonal Upwelling Along Arabia: A Modem Analogue For The Interpretation Of Quaternary Sst Anomalies, Warren L. Prell
Temporal And Spatial Patterns Of Monsoonal Upwelling Along Arabia: A Modem Analogue For The Interpretation Of Quaternary Sst Anomalies, Warren L. Prell
Journal of Marine Research
Several lines of evidence suggest that monsoonal circulation and its associated upwelling in the Arabian Sea have experienced significant fluctuations during the past 105 years. To construct an analogue model to interpret such changes, we have used the monthly average sea-surface temperature (SST) data from Hastenrath and Lamb (1979) to define the temporal and spatial pattern of upwelling along Arabia....
Wave Damping By Monomolecular Surface Films And Their Chemical Structure. Part I: Variation Of The Hydrophobic Part Of Carboxylic Acid Esters, Heinrich Hühnerfuss, Philipp Lange, Wolfgang Walter
Wave Damping By Monomolecular Surface Films And Their Chemical Structure. Part I: Variation Of The Hydrophobic Part Of Carboxylic Acid Esters, Heinrich Hühnerfuss, Philipp Lange, Wolfgang Walter
Journal of Marine Research
Plunger generated 1.0, 1.3, 1.8, 2.0, 2.3, and 2.5 Hz waves have been used to investigate the direct wave damping effect of carboxylic acid ester surface films….
A Comparison Of Moored And Free-Drifting Sediment Traps Of Two Different Designs, Nick Staresinic, Klaus Von Bröckel, Nenad Smodlaka, C. Hovey Clifford
A Comparison Of Moored And Free-Drifting Sediment Traps Of Two Different Designs, Nick Staresinic, Klaus Von Bröckel, Nenad Smodlaka, C. Hovey Clifford
Journal of Marine Research
The Kiel conical sediment trap and a 3:1 right cylinder were simultaneously deployed in both free-drifting and moored modes on four separate occasions over the Peruvian shelf in order to compare downward flux measurements derived from each….
On Forced Coastal Trapped Waves At Low Latitudes In A Stratified Ocean, R. D. Romea, J. S. Allen
On Forced Coastal Trapped Waves At Low Latitudes In A Stratified Ocean, R. D. Romea, J. S. Allen
Journal of Marine Research
The response on the continental shelf and slope of a baroclinic ocean to driving by an alongshore wind stress at the coast…
Perspectives Of Research On Detritus: Do Factors Controlling The Availability Of Detritus To Macroconsumers Depend On Its Source?, K. R. Tenore, L. Cammen, S. E.G. Findlay, N. Phillips
Perspectives Of Research On Detritus: Do Factors Controlling The Availability Of Detritus To Macroconsumers Depend On Its Source?, K. R. Tenore, L. Cammen, S. E.G. Findlay, N. Phillips
Journal of Marine Research
Various factors have been suggested as regulating the availability of detritus to detritivores, e.g., particle-size and microbial dynamics, nutritional composition of detritus per se, and chemical inhibitors/ enhancers. These factors might vary in importance depending on detritus source: fecal pellets, vascular plants, or seaweed-derived detritus. We review the literature to evaluate the above factors and suggest that future research on detritus should consider regulatory mechanisms which depend on detritus type.
Daily Patterns Of Fluorescence In Vivo In The Central Equatorial Pacific, Patrick J. Setser, Norman L. Guinasso Jr., David R. Schink
Daily Patterns Of Fluorescence In Vivo In The Central Equatorial Pacific, Patrick J. Setser, Norman L. Guinasso Jr., David R. Schink
Journal of Marine Research
A daily cycle of fluorescence in vivo was strikingly apparent in surface waters of the central equatorial Pacific between latitudes 4N and 10S, but not in waters to the north or south of this zone. These changes in fluorescence did not represent changes in chlorophyll-a concentration, but rather a photoinhibition of fluorescence by ambient light. Higher nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations were found in the region where cycling occurred....
Primary Productivity And Chemical Composition Of Marine Snow In Surface Waters Of The Southern California Bight, Alice L. Alldredge, James L. Cox
Primary Productivity And Chemical Composition Of Marine Snow In Surface Waters Of The Southern California Bight, Alice L. Alldredge, James L. Cox
Journal of Marine Research
The primary productivity of flocculent marine snow (fragile and amorphous macroscopic particulates) was measured for the first time using samples collected quantitatively in surface waters of the Southern California Bight….
On The Interaction Between Surface Waves And Undulations On The Seabed, A. G. Davies
On The Interaction Between Surface Waves And Undulations On The Seabed, A. G. Davies
Journal of Marine Research
When surface water waves propagate over undulating seabed topography, the resulting interaction creates a near-bed velocity field which has important implications for sediment transport. Linear perturbation theory is used here to examine this interaction for the case of two-dimensional oscillatory uniplanar nonseparating flow, in which the surface wave crests are parallel to the crests of the bottom undulations....
Three-Dimensional Modeling Of Tracers In The Deep Pacific Ocean Ii. Radiocarbon And The Circulation, Manuel E. Fiadeiro
Three-Dimensional Modeling Of Tracers In The Deep Pacific Ocean Ii. Radiocarbon And The Circulation, Manuel E. Fiadeiro
Journal of Marine Research
The radiocarbon data from the GEOSECS Pacific expedition was used to test the abyssal circulation model presented in part I of this series. The results show that a uniform increase of the upwelling rate from the bottom to the top of the model cannot explain the qualitative features of the radiocarbon distribution....
The Effects Of Bioturbation On The Initiation Of Motion Of Intertidal Sands, W. D. Grant, L. F. Boyer, L. P. Sanford
The Effects Of Bioturbation On The Initiation Of Motion Of Intertidal Sands, W. D. Grant, L. F. Boyer, L. P. Sanford
Journal of Marine Research
The results of laboratory flume experiments on initiation of sediment motion in natural marine sediments (fine sand) are reported. Sediment cores were taken from an intertidal region during all seasons of the year over a four-year period….
Depositional Patterns Of Modem Orinoco/Amazon Muds On The Northern Venezuelan Shelf, John D. Milliman, Jorge Butenko, Jean Paul Barbot, Jan Hedberg
Depositional Patterns Of Modem Orinoco/Amazon Muds On The Northern Venezuelan Shelf, John D. Milliman, Jorge Butenko, Jean Paul Barbot, Jan Hedberg
Journal of Marine Research
Modern muds derived from the Orinoco and Amazon Rivers are gradually covering early Holocene (shallow-water) reefs and sands on the continental shelf and upper slope north of the Paria peninsula. Throughout much of the area the muds are more or less continuous and locally as thick as 20 m....
Spacial Distributions Of Major Phytoplankton Community Components In Narragansett Bay At The Peak Of The Winter-Spring Bloom, Franklin H. Farmer, Gabriel A. Vargo, Clarence A. Brown Jr., Olin Jarrett Jr.
Spacial Distributions Of Major Phytoplankton Community Components In Narragansett Bay At The Peak Of The Winter-Spring Bloom, Franklin H. Farmer, Gabriel A. Vargo, Clarence A. Brown Jr., Olin Jarrett Jr.
Journal of Marine Research
The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton in western Narragansett Bay at the height of the 1978 winter-spring bloom was characterized using data from an airborne fluorosensor to extend in situ point measurements of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton population composition to linear or area coverage....
Sediment Disturbance And The Spatial Distributions Of Shallow Water Meiobenthic Nematodes On The Open Oregon Coast, E. W. Hogue
Sediment Disturbance And The Spatial Distributions Of Shallow Water Meiobenthic Nematodes On The Open Oregon Coast, E. W. Hogue
Journal of Marine Research
The relationship between spatial distributions of meiobenthic nematodes and wave generated sediment disturbance was investigated within a 3.3 km2 area on the central Oregon coast. Six stations between 18 and 32 m depth were sampled during the summer of 1979. Two distinct fauna! groups were associated with different water depths....
An Analysis Of The Production-Regeneration System In The Coastal Upwelling Area Off N.W. Africa Based On Oxygen, Nitrate And Ammonium Distributions, H. J. Minas, T. T. Packard, M. Minas, B. Coste
An Analysis Of The Production-Regeneration System In The Coastal Upwelling Area Off N.W. Africa Based On Oxygen, Nitrate And Ammonium Distributions, H. J. Minas, T. T. Packard, M. Minas, B. Coste
Journal of Marine Research
Using the hydrographic and nutrient data from the R/V Jean Charcot CINECA-V cruise and Broenkow's (1965) mixing model, we have calculated the biologically induced changes in the oxygen, nitrate and ammonium distribution patterns of the upwelling system off Cape Blanc, N .W. Africa....
Effect Of Pressure On The Partial Equivalent Volume Of Salts In Seawater, Alvin Bradshaw, Karl E. Schleicher
Effect Of Pressure On The Partial Equivalent Volume Of Salts In Seawater, Alvin Bradshaw, Karl E. Schleicher
Journal of Marine Research
The effect of pressure on the partial equivalent volumes of salts of the major ions in 35%, seawater at 10 and 25°C was determined for applied pressures of 400 and 1000 bars from measurements of the change in solution compression with salt concentration....
A Theory Of The Wind-Driven Circulation Ii. Gyres With Western Boundary Layers, William R. Young, Peter B. Rhines
A Theory Of The Wind-Driven Circulation Ii. Gyres With Western Boundary Layers, William R. Young, Peter B. Rhines
Journal of Marine Research
The quasigeostrophic, wind-driven circulation theory given by Rhines and Young (1982b) is extended in two directions. First, we consider forcing patterns which are not contrived so as to close without a western boundary layer. The resulting barotropic circulation pattern (see Fig. 1) has the well known east-west asymmetry produced by the β-effect....
An Evaluation Of Nutrient Sources To Onslow Bay, North Carolina, Larry P. Atkinson, Leonard J. Pietrafesa, Eileen E.G. Hofmann
An Evaluation Of Nutrient Sources To Onslow Bay, North Carolina, Larry P. Atkinson, Leonard J. Pietrafesa, Eileen E.G. Hofmann
Journal of Marine Research
Hydrographic and current meter data from Onslow Bay, North Carolina, were examined to determine the relative importance of various nutrient sources….
Input Of Tritium To Intermediate Depth Water In The South Pacific, J. R. Harries, G. E. Calf
Input Of Tritium To Intermediate Depth Water In The South Pacific, J. R. Harries, G. E. Calf
Journal of Marine Research
Tritium concentrations have been determined for seawater samples collected near the western boundary of the South Pacific. The deepest penetration of tritium, in terms of either depth or isopycnal surface, occurs between latitudes 14 and 30S and the penetration is greater than that observed in the mid-South Pacific during the Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (GEOSECS) cruise....
Too Cold' Bottom Layers At The Base Of The Scotian Rise, Georges L. Weatherly, Edward A. Kelly Jr.
Too Cold' Bottom Layers At The Base Of The Scotian Rise, Georges L. Weatherly, Edward A. Kelly Jr.
Journal of Marine Research
CTD data indicate that the bottom boundary layer in a region of the western North Atlantic near 40N 62W is a distinct body of relatively cold (θ < 1.82°C), fresh (S < 34.894‰) water. This region is a strip ~ 100 km wide aligned approximately along isobaths centered near the 4900 m isobath on the continental margin near its base....
The Flow Of Equatorial Kelvin Waves And The Equatorial Undercurrent Around Islands, P. B. Rowlands
The Flow Of Equatorial Kelvin Waves And The Equatorial Undercurrent Around Islands, P. B. Rowlands
Journal of Marine Research
A linear theory is presented for the flow of equatorial Kelvin waves and of the equatorial undercurrent around islands situated on or near the equator. The island is modelled as an infinitesimally thin meridional barrier. It is shown that small islands affect the flow very little, while large islands effectively block the flow....
The Effect Of Islands On Low Frequency Equatorial Motions, Mark A. Cane, Yves Du Penhoat
The Effect Of Islands On Low Frequency Equatorial Motions, Mark A. Cane, Yves Du Penhoat
Journal of Marine Research
We develop a complete linear theory for the effects of islands on low frequency waves of the kind thought to be important in the seasonal and interannual variations of the equatorial ocean circulation….