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Speed And Slope Effects On Metatarsophalangeal Joint Kinematics In Running, Steffen Willwacher, Kevin Bill, Leon Robertz, Markus Kurz, Igor Kommik, Wolfgang Potthast, Patrick Mai

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of running speed and slope on metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint kinematics. 22 male and female runners underwent 3D motion analysis on an instrumented treadmill at three different speeds (2.5 m/s, 3.0 m/s, 3.5 m/s). At each speed, participants ran at seven slope conditions (downhill: -15%, -10%, -5%, level, and uphill: +5%, +10%, +15%). We found a significant main effect (p < 0.001) of running speed and slope on peak MTP dorsiflexion and a running speed by slope interaction effect (p < 0.001) for peak MTP dorsiflexion velocity. These findings highlight the need to consider running intensity and environmental factors like running surface inclination when considering MTP joint mechanics and technological aids to support runners.

The Contribution Of Hip Strength To Hip Adduction During Running Is Influenced By Step Rate, Ankle Dorsiflexion And Injury Status, James Williams Mr, Niamh Gill, Stephen J. Preece, Christopher Bramah

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Peak hip adduction angle is frequently associated with running related injuries. The purpose of this study was to identify how clinical assessment measures interact to determine the presence of high or low peak hip adduction angles during running. A mixed sex sample of runners (n=125) comprising both injured and healthy controls were assessed for hip abduction strength and range of movement of the hip and ankle. Each runner then ran on a treadmill whilst 3D kinematic data was recorded, with peak hip adduction angles isolated from the data. All interest variables were analysed using a classification and regression tree procedure. …

Joint Kinematics During Indoor Bend Sprinting, Jonathan White, Gareth Irwin, Timothy Exell, Cassie Wilson, Joseph Hamill, Hannah Wyatt, Hans Von Lieres Und Wilkau, Gillian Weir

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of radius on lower extremity joint kinematics during indoor bend sprinting. Kinematic data (250 Hz) were collected from eight well-trained sprinters during two ~80 m sprints in banked lanes 2 and lane 4. One-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping was used to analyse lower extremity joint kinematics during the stance phase. Similar to previous bend sprinting research, this study found the left limb appears to adopt an adduction and eversion strategy during left stance to control the movement demands of bend sprinting. Furthermore, significant inter-limb asymmetry occurred primarily in lane 2, highlighting …

Relationship Between Step-By-Step Foot Kinematics And Sprint Performance, Roland Van Den Tillaar

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between angular foot step-by-step kinematics and sprint performance during a 50 metre sprint in experienced male sprinters. Foot kinematics were measured using IMU devices integrated with a 3-axis gyroscope and a laser gun. The main findings were that maximal angular velocities increased until strides 6-7, where it stabilised. Time from touch down to dorsal flexion velocity was similar over all strides, whereas time from dorsal flexion velocity to toe off decreased until stride 6. Plantar flexion velocities, especially in toe off, showed the greatest associations with sprint times, whereas maximal …

Energy Flow And Impulse Predictors Of Bat Speed During Baseball Tee Batting Using The Least Absolute Shrinkage And Selection Operator (Lasso) Regression, Avery Takata, Arnel L. Aguinaldo

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purposes of this study were to examine how energy is generated, absorbed, and transferred through the pelvis during the baseball swing and to identify the best model of ground reaction force (GRF) and energy flow (EF) predictors of bat speed using a LASSO regression, which reduced the dataset to a model of four EF and two impulse variables that best predicts bat speed. The findings indicate that the mechanical energy flows from the trunk to the lead leg via the pelvis as these segments rotate during the swing. It is hoped that these findings will aid coaches and athletes …

Ball Speed Predictors In Slide Attacks In Female Volleyball Players, Tina Stefanovic, Jacopo Zamporri, Arnel L. Aguinaldo

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to investigate ball speed predictors of slide attacks and provide direct parameters for their proper execution. Healthy collegiate female volleyball players (n = 8) were recruited. After a warm-up, 3 successful slide attacks per participant and their ball speed were recorded using an 8-camera motion capture system and a radar gun. COM approach speed, maximum angular velocity of pelvis and torso rotation in the arm cocking phase, and maximum angular velocity of torso rotation, shoulder IR, and elbow extension in the arm acceleration phase were calculated for the trial with the fastest ball speed. …

Barefoot Running Produces Changes In Foot Strike Pattern And Bilateral Asymmetries Only As An Acute Effect, Celso Sánchez-Ramírez, Valentina Palma-Oyarce

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study analyzed changes and bilateral asymmetries in Foot Strike Pattern (FSP). Twenty-eight subjects were divided into Barefoot Group (BFGr) (n=16) and Shod Group (SHGr) (n=12), evaluated before (Baseline) and after running for 20 min at 3.1 m·s⁻¹ (Post 20min Running), and at the end of an 8-week running training protocol (Post 8-week Training). Plantar pressures were obtained to calculate Strike Index (SI). Only condition factor (SHGr/BFGr) resulted in significative effect (F=52.45, p=0.00, ƞ²_p =0.67). The number of subjects with Forefoot Strike (FFS) and Midfoot Strike (MFS) was always higher in BFGr than SHGr. This difference was …

The Association Between Trunk Energy Flow And Peak Shoulder Distraction Force In Collegiate Softball Pitching, Gretchen Oliver, Nicole Bordelon, Jeff Dugas

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of the study was to determine the association between trunk energy flow (proximal energy inflow (IF) and distal energy outflow (OF) on the pitching arm side) and peak shoulder distraction force during the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch. Fifty-five collegiate softball pitchers participated. Regression analysis revealed proximal energy IF was not associated with peak shoulder distraction force during the acceleration phase of the pitch [F (1,53) = .026; p = .87), r = .02]. Distal trunk OF was also not associated with peak shoulder distraction force during the acceleration phase of the pitch [F (1,53) = …

Kinematic And Kinetic Comparison Between Pre-Professional Dominican Republic And American Baseball Pitchers, Kristen Nicholson, Joseph Mylott, Tessa Hulburt, Tyler Hamer, Garrett Bullock

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to compare elbow valgus torque and shoulder distraction force in pre-professional American and Dominican Republic (DR) pitchers. Kinematics that are known to influence elbow valgus torque and shoulder distraction force were also compared. Three dimensional biomechanical analyses were performed on Dominican Republic (n = 37) and American (n = 37) baseball pitchers. Potential difference between Dominican Republic and American pitchers were assessed through analysis of covariance with 95% confidence intervals. Age, hand dominance, and pitch velocity are known to influence elbow torque and shoulder force, therefore these confounding variables were controlled for within the …

Effects Of An Extensive Running Bout In Novice Female Runners, Stephanie R. Moore, Laura Buchner, Aaron Martínez, Hermann Schwameder

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to characterize the spatiotemporal, force, and subjective effects that occur during an extensive run in novice female runners. Foot sole pressure, rate of fatigue, and speed were recorded during a 45-min flat ecological run. No significant effects were found in spatiotemporal, force-time, or rate of fatigue responses outside of the initiation phase of the running bout. When participants were grouped according to their pacing strategy, those with a decreasing speed over time exhibited significant decreases in rate of force development as time progressed. Participants tended to decrease mechanical loading variables, and increase their rate …

Biomechanics And Movement Pattern Deficits In Runners On The Same University Team: Implications For Preventative Sport Healthcare, Monique Mokha, Amanda Leon, W. Zach Dean

ISBS Proceedings Archive

We sought to describe running kinematics and movement patterns in a university cross country team with relevance to injury prevention. During pre-participation physical examinations, 27 runners underwent Functional Movement Screen^TM (FMS) and motion analysis of running kinematics [bilateral knee flexion (KFLEX) and ankle dorsiflexion (ADF) at initial contact, and hip adduction (HADD), contralateral pelvis drop (CPD), KFLEX, rearfoot eversion (REV), and ADF at midstance]. Results of HADD (Left 10.5 ± 3.8⁰, Right 11.2 ± 5.2⁰), CPD (Left -7.1 ± 2.8⁰, Right -6.0 ± 2.1⁰) and REV (Right 4.4 ± 3.9^{0 …}

Visual Detection Of Response Time In Athletics: A “Gold Standard”?, Matthieu Milloz, Johathan Holmes, Evan Crotty, Andrew J. Harrison

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The response time (RT) in the sprint start in athletics is determined automatically from sensors on the blocks but the final decision on whether an athlete is disqualified is determined by visual inspection of the sensor data. This study explored the level of uncertainty of the visual detection of athletes’ RT in the sprint start. Fifteen sprinters performed six sprint starts while forces from the front block, rear block and hands were recorded. Two experimenters performed visual RT detection on two consecutive occasions using two sizes for the analysis window. Intra- and inter-reliability analysis indicated that the mean level of …

Contributions Of The Axial Spine To Kicking Biomechanics In The Dipping Kick Among Elite Soccer Players, Evan M. Miller, Garrett Bullock, Brian Waterman, Kristen Nicholson, Tadhg O'Gara

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to develop normative data for thoracic, lumbar and pelvic range of motion (ROM) during a soccer dipping kick among five NCAA Division I and high-level youth soccer players, comparing successful and unsuccessful kicks. The “dipping” kick is a complex, skill whereby a player strikes the ball so that it initially rises, but due to its top spin subsequently “dips” toward the intended target. From a repeated measures, cross-sectional design, successful kicks had a lower thoracic rotation at ball contact and average maximum thoracic rotation at 31.1±26.5º compared to the average maximum value for unsuccessful …

Kinematic Contribution Of The Lower Limb To Vertical Javelin Velocity In Male Javelin Throwers, Mizuki Makino, Kenji Tauchi

ISBS Proceedings Archive

In the javelin throw, vertical release velocity is correlated with throwing record positively. The purpose of this study was to clarify the kinematic contribution of the lower limb to the vertical javelin velocity in male javelin throwers and to examine the movements that enhance the contribution of the lower limb. The throwing movements of 115 male javelin throwers were videotaped and analyzed using a three-dimensional motion-analysis technique. The vertical release velocity for each body part was expressed as the relative velocity. The vertical javelin velocity acquired by lengthening and rotation of the lower limb was calculated by applying an inverted …

Effect Of Eight Weeks Vibration Training On The Lower Limb Basic Ability And Athletic Performance Of Gymnasts, Hsiang-Han Mai Liu, Shih-Hang Weng, Yu-Hsuan Kao, Chen-Fu Huang

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study explores the effects of 8 weeks vibration training on the basic ability (explosive power, speed, agility) and athletic performance (backward somersault) of the lower limbs of gymnasts. Sixteen gymnasts were randomly divided into vibration training group (VT) and control group (CON). Participants were trained for eight weeks and performed countermovement jump (CMJ), sprints, shuttle run, and backward somersault tests before the training, after 4 weeks, and 8 weeks of training. The significant level was set to α = .05. The results showed that the speed of VT increased significantly after 4 weeks of training, and …

Classification Of The Discus Throw Technique, Kei Maeda, Tadahiko Kato, Jun Mizushima, Keigo Ohyama-Byun

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study is to classify discus throwers based on the velocity components at release and to investigate their throwing biomechanics. Forty-six male discus throwers were classified into 2 groups through cluster analysis. Twenty-two throwers were classified into a horizontal dominant group, while the remaining 24 throwers were classified into a vertical dominant group. There were no significant differences in the throwing distance and resultant release velocity between the groups. The right leg angle at release and the displacement of the centre of gravity (vertical direction) were significantly greater in vertical dominant group. These results indicated the horizontal …

A 3d Approach To Baseball Pitching Kinematic Sequence, Jun M. Liu, Christopher Knowlton, Matthew Gauthier, Zach Tropp, Nikhil Verma, Gregory Nicholson, Anthony Romeo, Antonia Zaferiou

ISBS Proceedings Archive

A proximal-to-distal sequence (PDS) in baseball pitching is theorized to be more efficient and can reduce upper limb joint loads. However, studies investigating PDS using timing of peak segment angular velocity magnitude did not identify the use of “full” PDS from pelvis to hand. This study investigated PDS by comparing the timings of peak angular velocities about each global axis for the pelvis, trunk, upper arm, forearm, and hand during fastballs thrown by professional pitchers (n=4). We found that pitchers demonstrated full PDS about the global left axis (from pitching mound to first base) in 67-100% of their trials, depending …

Markerless Video-Based Estimation Of 3d Approach Velocity In The Javelin Throw, Miika Köykkä, Krista Vohlakari, Tero Joutsen, Tomi Vänttinen, Petteri Piironen, Timo Rantalainen, Neil Cronin

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of a markerless open-source human pose estimation algorithm, for estimating centre of mass (CoM) velocity in the javelin throw at three discrete time instances: the last right leg touchdown (RLTD), brace leg touchdown (BLTD) and release. Forty throws from four right-handed javelin throwers were simultaneously captured with two high-speed video cameras and a 16-camera marker-based Vicon motion capture system. For horizontal resultant velocity (Vel_hor), the method demonstrated excellent validity at RLTD, whereas at BLTD and release errors were notable. Based on these findings, CoM Vel_hor can be …

Investigation Of A Theoretical Model For The Rotational Shot Put Technique, Tadahiko Kato, Kei Maeda, Jun Mizushima, Akira Maeda

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to investigate the causal relationships among biomechanical variables for achieving high release velocity in male shot putter and create a theoretical model for the rotational shot put technique. The throwing motions of 22 male shot putters were videotaped and analysed using the 3D DLT method. Path analysis was used to examine causal relationships among biomechanical variables. The examined model consisted of three kinetic and eight kinematic variables that significantly related to a higher release velocity directly or indirectly. Two key factors were identified in shot put performance with the rotational technique: (1) increasing of impulse of the …

Spatiotemporal And Joint Kinematic Differences Between Footstrike Patterns In Male And Female 10,000m Athletes, Brian Hanley, Aaron L. Thomas, Catherine B. Tucker

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to examine biomechanical differences between footstrike patterns in elite 10,000m racing. Video data of 53 men and 33 women were recorded in competition and used to compare spatiotemporal and joint kinematic variables between rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot strikers, and to find associations. There were no differences between footstrike patterns for speed, step length or cadence, but rearfoot strikers had longer contact times than forefoot and midfoot strikers by 0.017 and 0.014 s, respectively, and shorter flight times by 0.023 and 0.021 s, respectively. The main causes of different footstrike patterns were the ankle and …

A Comparison Of Sprint Technique Between Professional Football Players And Elite Sprinters, Caitlin A. Garden, Jonas Tawiah-Dodoo, Glen M. Blenkinsop

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study compared sprint technique between professional footballer players and elite sprinters. Professional football players sprint technique was assessed using 2D video analysis and compared to publicly available data of elite sprinters from the IAAF biomechanical reports. Results showed sprinters had higher step frequencies and contacted the ground further back, with lower touchdown and higher toe-off distances.

The Influence Of Speed On Patellofemoral Joint Kinetics In Recreational Runners, Eoin Doyle Mr, Tim L.A. Doyle A/Prof, Jason Bonacci Dr, Joel Fuller Dr

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to determine the influence of running speed on patellofemoral joint (PFJ) kinetics. Twenty recreational runners ran on an instrumented treadmill at four running speeds with simultaneous 3D motion capture. A musculoskeletal model derived peak and cumulative (per 1km of continuous running) PFJ force and stress for each speed. Peak PFJ force and stress significantly increased with faster speeds. In contrast, cumulative PFJ measures decreased with faster speeds. Running at faster speeds increases the magnitude of peak PFJ kinetics but conversely results in less accumulated force over a set distance. Clinicians and coaches should be aware of the …

Similarity Of Coordination Patterns In A Group Of Highly Trained Sprinters: A Novel Approach, Byron J. Donaldson, Helen Bayne, Neil Bezodis

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Understanding coordination patterns aids technical understanding and potential grouping of athletes that exhibit similar movement patterns. This study assessed between-individual similarity in initial sprint acceleration coordination in highly trained to world class sprinters using a novel pairwise approach. Similarity between participants was higher for thigh-thigh coordination compared to shank-foot and trunk-shank coordination. Mean similarity increased from step 1 to step 4 in shank-foot (0.74 to 0.83) and trunk-shank (0.68 to 0.79) couplings but remained consistent in the thigh-thigh coupling (0.89 to 0.91). Researchers and practitioners should consider that coordination between sprinters converges over initial acceleration, but between any two individuals …

High Levels Of Endurance Training Mitigate Age-Related Changes In Running Biomechanics – A Longitudinal Study, Ceri Elen Diss Dr, Andrew Green Dr, Ivana M. Demmel Mrs

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Very few studies to date examined lower body and joint stiffness in ageing endurance runners, the majority cross-sectionally. The present study longitudinally examined age-related changes in leg and joint stiffness regulation in consistently trained master endurance runners, as well as the contribution of individual joints in resisting collapse and generating propulsion. Highly trained master endurance runners (N=10) were studied over a period of seven years whilst maintaining their training regime. Data was collected at mean age 53.54 ± 2.56 and 60.49 ± 2.56 following an identical overground running protocol, using a Kistler force plate and a 12-camera Vicon motion capture …

Analysis Of Race Walking Technique Post-Competitive Period In A World Athletics Championship., Marco V. Campana Bonilla, Mansour N. Alsowayan

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to analyse the kinematic variables of an elite race walker gait technique during the post-competitive period in a World Athletics Championship. The elite athlete performed three race walking gait technique tests in a laboratory using three competitive race walking paces. Data for the flight time, step length, step frequency, and speed for the tests was collected. The one-way ANOVA of the three tests did not show statistically significant differences in flight time, step length, step frequency, and speed. However, the findings of this study showed that the competitive race walking pace would influence race …

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Alumnus Makes Major Gifts To Help Fulfill Vision, Tina H. Hahn

University of Mississippi News

John Covert provides support to kitchen renovation, Ole Miss athletics

Another Win From Baseball, Makayla Steede

University of Mississippi News

No abstract provided.

Gata Now!, Georgia Southern University

Athletics: News & Publications

• Women's Football Clinic
• 2022-22 Community Service
• Away Game Tickets
• Season Tickets
• ERK Russell Fund Donor Weekend
• 2022 Football Schedule
• Full Schedule
• Headlines