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Fornix Lesions Can Facilitate Acquisition Of The Transverse Patterning Task: A Challenge For "Configural" Theories Of Hippocampal Function., T J Bussey, E Clea Warburton, J P Aggleton, J L Muir Feb 1998

Fornix Lesions Can Facilitate Acquisition Of The Transverse Patterning Task: A Challenge For "Configural" Theories Of Hippocampal Function., T J Bussey, E Clea Warburton, J P Aggleton, J L Muir

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Configural theories of hippocampal function predict that hippocampal dysfunction should impair acquisition of the transverse patterning task, which involves the concurrent solution of three discrimination problems: A+ versus B-; B+ versus C-; and C+ versus A-. The present study tested this prediction in rats using computer-graphic stimuli presented on a touchscreen. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of fornix lesions when the three problems were introduced sequentially (phase 1: A+ vs B-; phase 2: A+ vs B-, B+ vs C-; phase 3: A+ vs B-, B+ vs C-, C+ vs A-). Fornix lesions significantly facilitated acquisition of the complete transverse patterning …

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Arginine To Glutamine Substitutions In The Fourth Module Of Xenopus Interphotoreceptor Retinoid-Binding Protein, Mark S. Braiman, Claxton A. Baer, Ellen E. Van Niel, Jeffrey W. Cronk, Michael T. Kinter, Nicholas E. Sherman, Federico Gonzalez-Fernandez Jan 1998

Arginine To Glutamine Substitutions In The Fourth Module Of Xenopus Interphotoreceptor Retinoid-Binding Protein, Mark S. Braiman, Claxton A. Baer, Ellen E. Van Niel, Jeffrey W. Cronk, Michael T. Kinter, Nicholas E. Sherman, Federico Gonzalez-Fernandez

Chemistry - All Scholarship

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is unusual for a lipid-binding protein in that its gene is expressed uniquely by cells of photoreceptor origin and consists of four homologous repeats, each coding for a module of~300 amino acid residues. All-trans retinol binding domains, which appear to be present in each module, are composed of conserved hydrophobic regions [Baer et al, Exp Eye Res 1998; 66:249-262]. Here we investigate the role of highly conserved arginines contained in these regions.

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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit The Expression Of The Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene In Primary Rat Hepatocytes By A Nuclear Posttranscriptional Mechanism, L P Stabile, S A Klautky, S M Minor, L M Salati Jan 1998

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit The Expression Of The Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene In Primary Rat Hepatocytes By A Nuclear Posttranscriptional Mechanism, L P Stabile, S A Klautky, S M Minor, L M Salati

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Endangered And Threatened Animals Of Utah, Terry Messmer, Marilet Zablan, Boyde Blackwell, Athena Menses, Frank Howe, Leo Lentsch, Richard Drake Jan 1998

Endangered And Threatened Animals Of Utah, Terry Messmer, Marilet Zablan, Boyde Blackwell, Athena Menses, Frank Howe, Leo Lentsch, Richard Drake

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

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Endangered And Threatened Animals Of Utah, Utah State University Extension Jan 1998

Endangered And Threatened Animals Of Utah, Utah State University Extension

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Role Of Nherf And E3karp In The Camp-Mediated Inhibition Of Nhe3, Georg Lamprecht, Edward J. Weinman, C.-H. Chris Yun Jan 1998

The Role Of Nherf And E3karp In The Camp-Mediated Inhibition Of Nhe3, Georg Lamprecht, Edward J. Weinman, C.-H. Chris Yun

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Murine Transporter Associated With Antigen Presentation (Tap) Preferences Influence Class I-Restricted T Cell Responses., A J Yellen-Shaw, C E Laughlin, R M Metrione, Laurence C. Eisenlohr Nov 1997

Murine Transporter Associated With Antigen Presentation (Tap) Preferences Influence Class I-Restricted T Cell Responses., A J Yellen-Shaw, C E Laughlin, R M Metrione, Laurence C. Eisenlohr

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

The transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) complex shuttles cytosolic peptides into the exocytic compartment for association with nascent major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Biochemical studies of murine and human TAP have established that substrate length and COOH-terminal residue identity are strong determinants of transport efficiency. However, the existence of these specificities in the intact cell and their influences on T cell responses have not been demonstrated. We have devised a method for studying TAP- mediated transport in intact cells, using T cell activation as a readout. The approach makes use of a panel of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing …

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Phosphorylation Of Elongation Factor 1 And Ribosomal Protein S6 By Multipotential S6 Kinase And Insulin Stimulation Of Translational Elongation, Y W Chang, J A Traugh Nov 1997

Phosphorylation Of Elongation Factor 1 And Ribosomal Protein S6 By Multipotential S6 Kinase And Insulin Stimulation Of Translational Elongation, Y W Chang, J A Traugh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Stimulation of protein synthesis in response to insulin is concomitant with increased phosphorylation of initiation factors 4B and 4G and ribosomal protein S6 (Morley, S. J., and Traugh, J. A. (1993) Biochimie 75, 985-989) and is due at least in part to multipotential S6 kinase. When elongation factor 1 (EF-1) from rabbit reticulocytes was examined as substrate for multipotential S6 kinase, up to 1 mol/mol of phosphate was incorporated into the alpha, beta, and delta subunits. Phosphorylation of EF-1 resulted in a 2-2. 6-fold stimulation of EF-1 activity, as measured by poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis. The rate of elongation was also …

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Role Of Egr-1 Gene Expression In B Cell Receptor-Induced Apoptosis In An Immature B Cell Lymphoma, Subramanian Muthukkumar, Seong-Su Han, Sumathi Muthukkumar, Vivek M. Rangnekar, Subbarao Bondada Oct 1997

Role Of Egr-1 Gene Expression In B Cell Receptor-Induced Apoptosis In An Immature B Cell Lymphoma, Subramanian Muthukkumar, Seong-Su Han, Sumathi Muthukkumar, Vivek M. Rangnekar, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Ligation of B cell receptor (BCR) on BKS-2, an immature B cell lymphoma by anti-IgM antibodies (Ab) caused apoptosis. Here we report that signaling through B cell receptor in wild type BKS-2 cells down-regulated the expression of Egr-1, a zinc finger-containing transcription factor. A reduction in the level ofEgr-1 mRNA could be demonstrated as early as 30 min after the ligation of BCR on BKS-2 cells. Immunocytochemical and Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of EGR-1 protein was also inhibited by anti-IgM treatment. Antisense oligonucleotides to Egr-1 caused growth inhibition and apoptosis in BKS-2 cells, suggesting that …

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Detection And Characterization Of Sp1 Binding Activity In Human Chondrocytes And Its Alterations During Chondrocyte Dedifferentiation., Rita M. Dharmavaram, Gang Liu, Sheryl D. Mowers, Sergio A. Jimenez Oct 1997

Detection And Characterization Of Sp1 Binding Activity In Human Chondrocytes And Its Alterations During Chondrocyte Dedifferentiation., Rita M. Dharmavaram, Gang Liu, Sheryl D. Mowers, Sergio A. Jimenez

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

We have detected DNA binding activity for a synthetic oligonucleotide containing an Sp1 consensus sequence in nuclear extracts from human chondrocytes. Changes in the levels of Sp1 oligonucleotide binding activity were examined in nuclear extracts from freshly isolated human chondrocytes, from chondrocytes that had been cultured under conditions that allowed the maintenance of a chondrocyte-specific phenotype on plastic dishes coated with the hydrogel poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and from chondrocytes induced to dedifferentiate into fibroblast-like cells by passage in monolayer culture on plastic substrata. It was observed that Sp1 binding was 2-3-fold greater in nuclear extracts from dedifferentiated chondrocytes than in nuclear …

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Triple Dissociation Of Anterior Cingulate, Posterior Cingulate, And Medial Frontal Cortices On Visual Discrimination Tasks Using A Touchscreen Testing Procedure For The Rat., T J Bussey, J L Muir, B J Everitt, T W Robbins Oct 1997

Triple Dissociation Of Anterior Cingulate, Posterior Cingulate, And Medial Frontal Cortices On Visual Discrimination Tasks Using A Touchscreen Testing Procedure For The Rat., T J Bussey, J L Muir, B J Everitt, T W Robbins

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Four experiments examined effects of quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and medial frontal cortices on tests of visual discrimination learning, using a new "touchscreen" testing method for rats. Anterior cingulate cortex lesions impaired acquisition of an 8-pair concurrent discrimination task, whereas posterior cingulate cortex lesions facilitated learning but selectively impaired the late stages of acquisition of a visuospatial conditional discrimination. Medial frontal cortex lesions selectively impaired reversal learning when stimuli were difficult to discriminate; lesions of anterior and posterior cingulate cortex had no effect. These results suggest roles for the anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and medial …

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The Interaction Between Cytoplasmic Dynein And Dynactin Is Required For Fast Axonal Transport, Clare M. Waterman-Storer, Sher B. Karki, Sergei A. Kunetsov, Joel S. Tabb, Dieter G. Weiss, George M. Langford, Erika L.F. Holzbaur Oct 1997

The Interaction Between Cytoplasmic Dynein And Dynactin Is Required For Fast Axonal Transport, Clare M. Waterman-Storer, Sher B. Karki, Sergei A. Kunetsov, Joel S. Tabb, Dieter G. Weiss, George M. Langford, Erika L.F. Holzbaur

Biology - All Scholarship

Fast axonal transport is characterized by the bidirectional, microtubule-based movement of membranous organelles. Cytoplasmic dynein is necessary but not sufficient for retrograde transport directed from the synapse to the cell body. Dynactin is a heteromultimeric protein complex, enriched in neurons, that binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein. To determine whether dynactin is required for retrograde axonal transport, we examined the effects of anti-dynactin antibodies on organelle transport in extruded axoplasm. Treatment of axoplasm with antibodies to the p150(Glued) subunit of dynactin resulted in a significant decrease in the velocity of microtubule-based organelle transport, with many organelles bound along microtubules. …

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Cell Signaling Pathways Elicited By Asbestos, B T. Mossman, S Faux, Y Janssen, L A. Jimenez, Cynthia Timblin, Christine Zanella, Jonathan Goldberg, Eric Walsh, Aaron Barchowsky, Kevin Driscoll Sep 1997

Cell Signaling Pathways Elicited By Asbestos, B T. Mossman, S Faux, Y Janssen, L A. Jimenez, Cynthia Timblin, Christine Zanella, Jonathan Goldberg, Eric Walsh, Aaron Barchowsky, Kevin Driscoll

Dartmouth Scholarship

In recent years, it has become apparent that minerals can trigger alterations in gene expression by initiating signaling events upstream of gene transactivation. These cascades may be initiated at the cell surface after interaction of minerals with the plasma membrane either through receptorlike mechanisms or integrins. Alternatively, signaling pathways may be stimulated by active oxygen species generated both during phagocytosis of minerals and by redox reactions on the mineral surface. At least two signaling cascades linked to activation of transcription factors, i.e., DNA-binding proteins involved in modulating gene expression and DNA replication, are stimulated after exposure of lung cells to …

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Identification Of A Gal/Galnac Lectin In The Protozoan Hartmannella Vermiformis As A Potential Receptor For Attachment And Invasion By The Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium, Chandrasekar Venkataraman, Bradley J. Haack, Subbarao Bondada, Yousef Abu Kwaik Aug 1997

Identification Of A Gal/Galnac Lectin In The Protozoan Hartmannella Vermiformis As A Potential Receptor For Attachment And Invasion By The Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium, Chandrasekar Venkataraman, Bradley J. Haack, Subbarao Bondada, Yousef Abu Kwaik

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

The Legionnaire's disease bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, is a facultative intracellular pathogen which invades and replicates within two evolutionarily distant hosts, free-living protozoa and mammalian cells. Invasion and intracellular replication within protozoa are thought to be major factors in the transmission of Legionnaire's disease. Although attachment and invasion of human macrophages by L. pneumophila is mediated in part by the complement receptors CR1 and CR3, the protozoan receptor involved in bacterial attachment and invasion has not been identified. To define the molecular events involved in invasion of protozoa by L. pneumophila, we examined the role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation …

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Intrinsic And Extrinsic Control Of Hemopoietic Stem Cell Numbers: Mapping Of A Stem Cell Gene, Gerald De Haan, Gary Van Zant Aug 1997

Intrinsic And Extrinsic Control Of Hemopoietic Stem Cell Numbers: Mapping Of A Stem Cell Gene, Gerald De Haan, Gary Van Zant

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

We evaluated in vivo interactions between extrinsic (growth factor induced) and intrinsic (genetically determined) effectors of mouse primitive hemopoietic stem cell proliferation and numbers. Accordingly, stem cell frequency and cell cycle kinetics were assessed in eight strains of inbred mice using the cobblestone area–forming cell (CAFC) assay. A strong inverse correlation was observed between mouse lifespan and the number of autonomously cycling progenitors (CAFC day 7) in the femur. The population size of primitive stem cells (CAFC day 35) varied widely (up to sevenfold) among strains, unlike total CAFC day 7 numbers (cycling and quiescent), which were similar. Administration of …

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Bovine Oviductal And Embryonic Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins: Possible Regulators Of "Embryotrophic" Insulin-Like Growth Factor Circuits., Q A Winger, P De Los Rios, V K Han, D T Armstrong, D J Hill, A J Watson Jun 1997

Bovine Oviductal And Embryonic Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins: Possible Regulators Of "Embryotrophic" Insulin-Like Growth Factor Circuits., Q A Winger, P De Los Rios, V K Han, D T Armstrong, D J Hill, A J Watson

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Bovine oviductal monolayer and vesicle primary cultures express insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II mRNAs and polypeptides. Early bovine embryos also express IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-I receptor, IGF-II receptor, and insulin receptor mRNAs. This study reports the expression of IGF binding protein (IGFBP) mRNAs and polypeptides in bovine oviduct primary cultures and IGFBP mRNAs in preattachment embryos. Release of immunoreactive IGF-I and IGF-II by oviduct cultures and bovine blastocysts was also determined. IGFBP-2, -3, -4, and -5 transcripts were observed in oviduct primary cultures throughout an 8-day interval. IGFBP-1 and -6 mRNAs were consistently not detected in the oviduct. Messenger RNAs …

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Chronicity In Strongyloides Stercoralis Infections: Dichotomy Of The Protective Immune Response To Infective And Autoinfective Larvae In A Mouse Model., R. A. Brigandi, H. L. Rotman, T. J. Nolan, G. A. Schad, D. Abraham Jun 1997

Chronicity In Strongyloides Stercoralis Infections: Dichotomy Of The Protective Immune Response To Infective And Autoinfective Larvae In A Mouse Model., R. A. Brigandi, H. L. Rotman, T. J. Nolan, G. A. Schad, D. Abraham

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

Strongyloidiasis is an intestinal disease that can last for decades due to the occurrence of autoinfective larvae (L3a) in an infected person, which contribute to the maintenance of the population of adult worms in the intestine. The goal of the present study was to determine if L3a are susceptible to the protective immunity that targets the infective stage of the worm, the third-stage larvae (L3). Mice immunized and challenged with Strongyloides stercoralis L3 kill more than 90% of challenge larvae contained within diffusion chambers. The L3 do not remain antigenically static in mice, however, but undergo some degree of antigenic …

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Local Delivery Of Interleukin 4 By Retrovirus-Transduced T Lymphocytes Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis., Michael K. Shaw, James B. Lorens, Archana Dhawan, Richard Dalcanto, Harley Y. Tse, Alyssa B. Tran, Colleen Bonpane, Shanti L. Eswaran, Stefan Brocke, Nora Sarvetnick, Lawrence Steinman, Garry P. Nolan, C. Garrison Fathman May 1997

Local Delivery Of Interleukin 4 By Retrovirus-Transduced T Lymphocytes Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis., Michael K. Shaw, James B. Lorens, Archana Dhawan, Richard Dalcanto, Harley Y. Tse, Alyssa B. Tran, Colleen Bonpane, Shanti L. Eswaran, Stefan Brocke, Nora Sarvetnick, Lawrence Steinman, Garry P. Nolan, C. Garrison Fathman

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which serves as a model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. We demonstrate here that encephalitogenic T cells, transduced with a retroviral gene, construct to express interleukin 4, and can delay the onset and reduce the severity of EAE when adoptively transferred to myelin basic protein-immunized mice. Thus, T lymphocytes transduced with retroviral vectors can deliver "regulatory cytokines" in a site-specific manner and may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune disease.

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Neuroprotective Action Of Cycloheximide Involves Induction Of Bcl-2 And Antioxidant Pathways, Katsutoshi Furukawa, Steven Estus, Weiming Fu, Robert J. Mark, Mark P. Mattson Mar 1997

Neuroprotective Action Of Cycloheximide Involves Induction Of Bcl-2 And Antioxidant Pathways, Katsutoshi Furukawa, Steven Estus, Weiming Fu, Robert J. Mark, Mark P. Mattson

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

The ability of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) to prevent neuronal death in different paradigms has been interpreted to indicate that the cell death process requires synthesis of “killer” proteins. On the other hand, data indicate that neurotrophic factors protect neurons in the same death paradigms by inducing expression of neuroprotective gene products. We now provide evidence that in embryonic rat hippocampal cell cultures, CHX protects neurons against oxidative insults by a mechanism involving induction of neuroprotective gene products including the antiapoptotic gene bcl-2 and antioxidant enzymes. Neuronal survival after exposure to glutamate, FeSO4, and amyloid β-peptide …

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Loss Of Dcc Expression And Glioma Progression., M Reyes-Mugica, K Rieger-Christ, H Ohgaki, B C Ekstrand, M Helie, G Kleinman, Alan M. Yahanda Md, Facs, E R Fearon, P Kleihues, M A Reale Feb 1997

Loss Of Dcc Expression And Glioma Progression., M Reyes-Mugica, K Rieger-Christ, H Ohgaki, B C Ekstrand, M Helie, G Kleinman, Alan M. Yahanda Md, Facs, E R Fearon, P Kleihues, M A Reale

PCI Publications and Projects

The deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) gene, a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 18q21, encodes a neural cell adhesion molecule family protein that is most highly expressed in the nervous system. To address the hypothesis that DCC may play a role in glioma development and/or progression, we examined DCC expression by immunohistochemistry in 57 resected human astrocytic tumors. Overall, low-grade astrocytomas were predominantly DCC positive (15 of 16, or 94%), whereas high-grade tumors significantly less often expressed the DCC protein (27 of 41, or 66%; P = 0.03). We were able to directly assess the relationship between DCC expression …

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Antisense Inhibition Of Silica-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor In Alveolar Macrophages, Yon Rojanasakul, David N. Weissman, Xianglin Shi, Vincent Castranova, Joseph K. H. Ma, Weiwen Liang Jan 1997

Antisense Inhibition Of Silica-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor In Alveolar Macrophages, Yon Rojanasakul, David N. Weissman, Xianglin Shi, Vincent Castranova, Joseph K. H. Ma, Weiwen Liang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Book Review Of Amer Ei-Ahraf & William V. Willis, Management Of Animal Waste - Environmental Health Problems And Technological Solutions, Penny Dean Jan 1997

Book Review Of Amer Ei-Ahraf & William V. Willis, Management Of Animal Waste - Environmental Health Problems And Technological Solutions, Penny Dean

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of Amer El-Ahraf & William V. Willis, Management of Animal Waste - Environmental Health Problems and Technological Solutions (Praeger Publishers 1996). About the authors, bibliography, index, introduction, tables. LC 95-654; ISBN 0-275-93529-9 [185 pp. Cloth $65.00. 88 Post Road West, Westport CT 06881.]

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The Effect Of Human-Animal Bonding On Quality Of Life, Johanna Barham Hanson Jan 1997

The Effect Of Human-Animal Bonding On Quality Of Life, Johanna Barham Hanson

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine whether pets have a positive impact on the lives of their owners by improving their quality of life (QoL). In addition, the study examined the relationship between pet bonding, selected demographic variables and QoL among pet owners and non-pet owners; The subjects consisted of 136 pet owners and 101 non-pet owners from selected church congregations in a Southwestern state. Results of the t-test indicated no significant difference in the QoL scores between pet owners and non-pet owners (p =.232). Yet on a qualitative level, pet owners (90.3%), felt that their pet did …

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Cellular Basis Of Decreased Immune Responses To Pneumococcal Vaccines In Aged Mice, Manju Garg, Wei Luo, Alan M. Kaplan, Subbarao Bondada Nov 1996

Cellular Basis Of Decreased Immune Responses To Pneumococcal Vaccines In Aged Mice, Manju Garg, Wei Luo, Alan M. Kaplan, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Previously, model systems were developed in our laboratory to study murine immune responses to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Pnu-Imune, both in vivo and in vitro (M. Garg and B. Subbarao, Infect. Immun. 60:2329-2336, 1992; M. Garg, A. M. Kaplan, and S. Bondada, J. Immunol. 152: 1589-1596, 1994). Using these systems, we found that aged mice did not respond to the vaccine in vivo or in vitro. Cell separation studies showed that the unresponsiveness of the aged spleen cells to the vaccine was not due to an intrinsic B-cell defect or to T-cell-mediated immunosuppression but resulted from an accessory cell …

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Opposing Motor Activities Are Required For The Organization Of The Mammalian Mitotic Spindle Pole, Tirso Gaglio, Alejandro Saredi, James B. Bingham, M Josh Hasbani, Steven R. Grill, Trina A. Schroer, Duane A. Compton Oct 1996

Opposing Motor Activities Are Required For The Organization Of The Mammalian Mitotic Spindle Pole, Tirso Gaglio, Alejandro Saredi, James B. Bingham, M Josh Hasbani, Steven R. Grill, Trina A. Schroer, Duane A. Compton

Dartmouth Scholarship

We use both in vitro and in vivo approaches to examine the roles of Eg5 (kinesin-related protein), cytoplasmic dynein, and dynactin in the organization of the microtubules and the localization of NuMA (Nu-clear protein that associates with the Mitotic Apparatus) at the polar ends of the mammalian mitotic spindle. Perturbation of the function of Eg5 through either immunodepletion from a cell free system for assembly of mitotic asters or antibody microinjection into cultured cells leads to organized astral microtubule arrays with expanded polar regions in which the minus ends of the microtubules emanate from a ring-like structure that contains NuMA. …

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Cloning Of The Mammalian Type Ii Iodothyronine Deiodinase. A Selenoprotein Differentially Expressed And Regulated In Human And Rat Brain And Other Tissues., Walburga Croteau, Jennifer C. Davey, Valerie Anne Galton, Donald L. St Germain Jul 1996

Cloning Of The Mammalian Type Ii Iodothyronine Deiodinase. A Selenoprotein Differentially Expressed And Regulated In Human And Rat Brain And Other Tissues., Walburga Croteau, Jennifer C. Davey, Valerie Anne Galton, Donald L. St Germain

Dartmouth Scholarship

The deiodination of thyroid hormones in extrathyroidal tissues plays an important role in modulating thyroid hormone action. The type II deiodinase (DII) converts thyroxine to the active hormone 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, and in the rat is expressed in the brain, pituitary gland, and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) for the types I and III deiodinases (DI and DIII, respectively) have been isolated and shown to code for selenoproteins. However, information concerning the structure of the mammalian DII remains limited, and the pattern of its expression in human tissues is undefined. We report herein the identification and characterization of rat and …

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Prefabrication Of A Secondary Tram Flap., Geoffrey G. Hallock Md May 1996

Prefabrication Of A Secondary Tram Flap., Geoffrey G. Hallock Md

Department of Surgery

A secondary TRAM flap was prefabricated in a rat model using the rectus muscle. The right rectus muscle was elevated as an inferiorly pedicled muscle flap in one experimental group (n = 6) and as a superiorly pedicled muscle flap in a second group (n = 5) and then sandwiched between a silicone sheet and the abdominal skin. Two weeks later, the abdominal skin and attached rectus muscle were elevated over the silicone sheet as a secondary TRAM flap. The surviving skin paddle areas of these prefabricated TRAM flaps were compared with superiorly (n = 7) and inferiorly (n = …

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Removal Of Extracellular Chloride Suppresses Transmitter Release From Photoreceptor Terminals In The Mudpuppy Retina., Wallace B. Thoreson, R . F. Miller May 1996

Removal Of Extracellular Chloride Suppresses Transmitter Release From Photoreceptor Terminals In The Mudpuppy Retina., Wallace B. Thoreson, R . F. Miller

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

Removal of extracellular Cl- has been shown to suppress light-evoked voltage responses of ON bipolar and horizontal cells, but not photoreceptors or OFF bipolar cells, in the amphibian retina. A substantial amount of experimental evidence has demonstrated that the photoreceptor transmitter, L-glutamate, activates cation, not Cl-, channels in these cells. The mechanism for Cl-free effects was therefore reexamined in a superfused retinal slice preparation from the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) using whole-cell voltage and current clamp techniques. In a Cl-free medium, light-evoked currents were maintained in rod and cone photoreceptors but suppressed in horizontal, ON bipolar, and OFF bipolar cells. Changes …

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Disruption Of The Cbfa2 Gene Causes Necrosis And Hemorrhaging In The Central Nervous System And Blocks Definitive Hematopoiesis., Qing Wang, Terryl Stacy, Michael M Binder, Miguel Marin-Padilla, Arlene H. Sharpe, Nancy A. Speck Apr 1996

Disruption Of The Cbfa2 Gene Causes Necrosis And Hemorrhaging In The Central Nervous System And Blocks Definitive Hematopoiesis., Qing Wang, Terryl Stacy, Michael M Binder, Miguel Marin-Padilla, Arlene H. Sharpe, Nancy A. Speck

Dartmouth Scholarship

The CBFA2 (AML1) gene encodes a DNA-binding subunit of the heterodimeric core-binding factor. The CBFA2 gene is disrupted by the (8;21), (3;21), and (12;21) chromosomal translocations associated with leukemias and myelodysplasias in humans. Mice lacking a CBF alpha 2 protein capable of binding DNA die between embryonic days 11.5 and 12.5 due to hemorrhaging in the central nervous system (CNS), at the nerve/CNS interfaces of cranial and spinal nerves, and in somitic/intersomitic regions along the presumptive spinal cord. Hemorrhaging is preceded by symmetric, bilateral necrosis in these regions. Definitive erythropoiesis and myelopoiesis do not occur in Cbfa2-deficient embryos, and disruption …

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A Tandem Duplication Within The Fibrillin 1 Gene Is Associated With The Mouse Tight Skin Mutation., Linda D. Siracusa, Rodney Mcgrath, Qing Ma, John J. Moskow, Jayanthi Manne, Paul J. Christner, Arthur M. Buchberg, Sergio A. Jimenez Apr 1996

A Tandem Duplication Within The Fibrillin 1 Gene Is Associated With The Mouse Tight Skin Mutation., Linda D. Siracusa, Rodney Mcgrath, Qing Ma, John J. Moskow, Jayanthi Manne, Paul J. Christner, Arthur M. Buchberg, Sergio A. Jimenez

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Mice carrying the Tight skin (Tsk) mutation have thickened skin and visceral fibrosis resulting from an accumulation of extracellular matrix molecules. These and other connective tissue abnormalities have made Tskl + mice models for scleroderma, hereditary emphysema, and myocardial hypertrophy. Previously we localized Tsk to mouse chromosome 2 in a region syntenic with human chromosome 15. The microfibrillar glycoprotein gene, fibrillin 1 (FBN1), on human chromosome 15q, provided a candidate for the Tsk mutation. We now demonstrate that the Tsk chromosome harbors a 30- to 40-kb genomic duplication within the Fbn1 gene that results in a larger than normal in-frame …

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