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Ndls Communicator: Week Of 09.21.26, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Indiana Court of Appeals Affirms New Trial for Notre Dame Exoneration Justice Clinic Client Jason Hubbell
• Notre Dame Law School’s Religious Liberty Clinic, Bellwether International, and Lantos Foundation publish report reviewing campaign that contributed to release of prisoner of conscience

Student News

• 3L Dan Mohr
• J.S.D. candidate Pavithra Rajendran

Faculty Briefs

• Derek Muller
• Nicole Stelle Garnett and John A. Meiser
• Jeffrey Pojanowski
• Roger Alford
• Mary Ellen O'Connell
• Rick Garnett
• Andrew Torrance
• Dennis Wieboldt

Events

• Law & Economics Workshop: Stephan Wernicke, Humboldt University of Berlin Delaware in the European Union? EU Inc. – A New European Corporate Legal …

Healthy Eating Habits And Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes In A Marginal Urban Community Of Lima, Peru, Maria Del Rosario Rodas Ordonez, Sheyla Alexa Valentina Carbonel Almerco

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Purpose: The growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Peru, particularly in urban-marginal districts such as Villa El Salvador, underscores the need to strengthen prevention strategies within primary healthcare. This study aimed to determine the association between healthy eating habits and the estimated risk of developing T2DM among adults living in a community of Lima Sur.

Methods: A quantitative, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 adults aged 18–59 years. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and data were collected through structured surveys, anthropometric measurements, and home visits. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) was used to estimate …

Staying Ahead Of Murphy’S Law: A Proactive Approach To Quality Improvement, Cristina L. Ritzema, Jessica Schweitzer

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Purpose: The purpose of this initiative was to proactively minimize the risk for patient harm related to errors in the administration of IV Pitocin and/or magnesium (Mg) during emergent situations in the labor and delivery unit, through best-practices and evidence-based strategies.

Background: Pitocin and Mg are high-risk IV medications in obstetrics, frequently given during stressful situations. After a serious Pitocin-related error at another facility caused adverse outcomes, the staff recognized their own vulnerability to similar mistakes. While quality improvement and risk management initiatives are often reactive responses to poor outcomes, the team chose a proactive approach. It implemented fail-safe solutions …

From Data To Medicine: A Milestone For Medical Chemistry And Bioinformatics In Indonesia, Fadilah Fadilah

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Biomedical science is rapidly moving from data generation toward data-driven discovery and clinical translation. Genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics now provide multiple perspectives on human biology, while bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, and molecular modelling enable these complex datasets to be interpreted. The challenge is no longer simply to generate data, but to transform data into knowledge and knowledge into better medicine. This transition is particularly important for Indonesia, where genetic, environmental, microbial, and biological diversity creates both a challenge and an opportunity for population-relevant biomedical research.

Shu World Review- September 20th 2026, Diplolab, Seton Hall University

SHU World Review

No abstract provided.

Aesthetic Restraint And Blank Space : Design Translation Of Yuezhou Kiln Patterns In Yellow Tea Packaging, Zhou Wenyu, Wan Changlin

Food and Machinery

To explore a new path for traditional ceramic culture to empower local food packaging, this paper takes Yueyang yellow tea as the target carrier and investigates the application strategy of Yuezhou Kiln patterns in modern packaging design. The article analyzes the aesthetic characteristics of aesthetic restraint and blank space in the decorative crafts of Yuezhou Kiln, along with their deep compatibility with contemporary minimalist design philosophy, and proposes design principles such as cultural continuity, functional priority, and freehand-style translation. By deconstructing and reorganizing kiln patterns and reconfiguring colors and materials, this study constructs a packaging visual system with regional distinctiveness, …

Rapid Determination Of 81 Illegal Weight Loss Additives In Tablet Candy By Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Li Hongli, Su Min, Wu Yanlei, Zhang Mian, Wang Yuqi, Zhou Chunjie, Tao Juan

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To establish a rapid detection method for 81 illegal weight loss additives in tablet candy using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). [Methods] Samples were ultrasonically extracted with 80% methanol-water (containing 0.1% formic acid), separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column, and eluted with a gradient of methanol and 0.1% formic acid water solution. Detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with simultaneous scanning in positive and negative electrospray ionization modes, and quantification was carried out using the external standard method. [Results] The 81 target analytes showed good linear relationships within their respective mass concentration ranges, …

Simultaneous Determination Of Eight Sweeteners In Glycyrrhizin By Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatograph-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, He Liang, Zhu Lingchao, Hu Ruilin, Zhang Tao, Song Chunman

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To establish a method based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for rapid determination of eight sweeteners in glycyrrhizin. [Methods] The sample is ultrasonically extracted with 20 mL pure water for 30 min, passed through a 0.22 μm microporous filter membrane, separated through the Waters HSS T3 column, subjected to gradient elution with 0.2% (V/V) ammonia solution-methanol, and detected under the negative mode of electrospray ionization. [Results] The eight sweeteners showed a good linear relationship between peak area and concentration within the range of 0.1–20.0 μg/mL, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The limits of quantification are within …

Effects Of Different Pretreatment Methods On Moisture Variation And Pore Structure Of Apple Slices During Microwave Freeze-Drying, Qu Zhanping, Zhang Xiaoyan, Zhang Jinglin, Gu Yujuan

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the effects of pretreatment methods on moisture variation and pore structure of apple slices during microwave freeze-drying. [Methods] Apple slices pretreated with four methods (ultrasound, blanching, freeze-thawing, and osmotic dehydration) are subjected to microwave freeze-drying. The effects of different pretreatments on drying characteristics, moisture migration, and microscopic pore structure of the samples are comparatively analyzed. [Results] All four pretreatment methods increase the effective moisture diffusion coefficient and reduce drying time by 11.1% to 44.4%, with osmotic dehydration requiring the shortest drying time. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicates that the pretreatments accelerate free water removal, consequently …

Preparation Of Agaricus Bisporus Chitosan Nanoliposomes And Their In Vitro Hypoglycemic Effects, Chen Yanzhi, Zhang Jiawen, Zhang Molan, You Lijun

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To address the limited oral utilization of metformin hydrochloride (MET) and the insufficient delivery efficiency of conventional liposomes, MET-loaded nanoliposomes modified with Agaricus bisporus chitosan (ACS) (ACS-modified liposomes, A-M-L) were developed, and their physicochemical properties, storage stability, cytocompatibility, and effects on glucose consumption by HepG2 cells were evaluated. [Methods] ACS was used as a substitute for crustacean chitosan to prepare MET-loaded nanoliposomes using the thin-film dispersion-ultrasonication method. The structural characteristics and microscopic morphology were observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, storage stability, cytotoxicity, …

Correlation Between Thermal Characteristics And Fat Concomitants And Flavor Quality In The Refining Process Of Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil, Liu Zhaofan, Liu Jiabao, Li Hang, Huang Zonghai, He Xinyi, Li Yun

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the correlation between thermal characteristics, fat concomitants, and flavor quality during the refining process of Camellia oleifera seed oil, and to provide a theoretical basis for precise regulation of the refining process. [Methods] Oil samples were collected during the refining process (crude oil, alkali refining, decolorization, deodorization, and winterization). The dynamic changes in physicochemical indexes, thermal characteristics, fat concomitants, fatty acid composition, and volatile flavor substances were systematically determined, and their correlations were analyzed. [Results] The refining process reduced the acid value of C. oleifera seed oil from 1.79 mg/g to 0.26 mg/g and the peroxide value …

Extrusion Pretreatment Improves The Protein Digestibility Of Black Soybean Meal And Its Effects On The Final Quality And Antioxidant Activity Of Soy Sauce, Cheng Xiaoyuan, Ma Chengye, Li Hongjun

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of extrusion pretreatment on the protein digestibility of black soybean meal and systematically evaluate its effects on soy sauce quality and antioxidant activity. [Methods] A mixture of black soybean meal and flour was pretreated using extrusion technology for soy sauce brewing. Extrusion temperature, screw speed, flour addition, and moisture content were selected as the main process parameters to investigate their effects on protein digestibility. Under the optimal extrusion conditions, the raw materials were prepared and further subjected to simulated low-salt solid-state soy sauce fermentation. Amino nitrogen, total nitrogen, reducing sugar, pH, total acid, ammonium …

Structural Optimization And Material Separation Characteristics Of An Updraft Rice Mill Based On Cfd-Dem, Li Yuan, Zhou Long, Fan Jijun, Yu Nanhui, Yang Yong

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To enhance the separation efficiency of rice bran and broken rice in an updraft rice mill by optimizing the air duct structure and operating parameters. [Methods] A combined approach of CFD-DEM coupled numerical simulation and experimental verification was adopted to investigate the material separation characteristics of the updraft rice mill under different structural and operating parameters. Key parameters, including air duct width, air velocity, baffle width, and baffle spacing, were optimized through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. [Results] The addition of baffles at the lower suction inlet improved the pressure and flow velocity distributions within the air duct …

Origin Identification Of Pineapples Based On Mineral Element Fingerprint Analysis Technology, Ke Jiancan, Chen Liyi, Dong Hai, Zheng Hongtao, Chen Yabo

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To analyze the differences in mineral element contents among different pineapple samples and explore the feasibility of applying a discriminant model based on elemental fingerprint analysis to the identification of Shenwan pineapple, a geographical indication product. [Methods] Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was employed to determine the contents of 28 mineral elements in 5 different pineapple samples. Combined with principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and Fisher discriminant analysis, the classification characteristic elements were identified. Discriminant models for pineapples from different producing areas and different bases within the same producing area were established and evaluated. [Results] The …

5-Formyl- 3-Methylene- 3,6-Dihydropyridines Formed In Foods Activate Rage-Dependent Signaling Cascades In Raw 264.7 Cells, Wu Jiaqi, Ou Shiyi, Guo Hongyang, Huang Caihuan, Ou Juanying, Zheng Jie

Food and Machinery

[Objective] 5-Formyl -3-methylene -3,6-dihydropyridine (FMDP) is a novel compound derived from the reaction of amino acids with formaldehyde (FA) and acrolein (ACR), and its content in biscuits has been reported to be more than 40 times higher than that of free acrolein and formaldehyde. Given the structural similarity to FDP -lysine, an advanced glycation end product (AGE) derived from acrolein, this study aims to evaluate the potential safety risk of FMDPs by assessing their ability to stimulate the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). [Methods] Three FMDP compounds, each possessing a 5-formyl -3-methylene -3,6-dihydropyridine core structure, are synthesized by …

Preparation Process , Antioxidant Activity , And Fruit Preservation Application Of Polygonatum Sibiricum Polysaccharides With Low Relative Molecular Mass, Hu Chengzhi, Ma Yanli, Shen Qingshan, Li Mengna, Li Mi, Fei Peng

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To compare the effects of four pretreatment methods—hot pressing (HP), steam explosion (SE), ultrasound (US), and solid-state fermentation (SF)—on the structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP), and to explore the potential application of PSP in fruit preservation. [Methods] Ten PSP samples are prepared. The yield, relative molecular mass, functional groups, thermal stability, surface morphology, and DPPH·, ABTS·, and OH· free radical scavenging abilities of the samples are determined. The PSP sample with low relative molecular mass obtained by SE treatment is loaded with Zn2+ to prepare a sprayable hydrogel, which is then applied in the …

Effects And Mechanisms Of Carrageenan-Sodium Caseinate Interactions On Oil-Water Interfacial Properties, Huang Zequan, Cao Hongfang, He Jian, Wang Caiyun, Zhao Qiangzhong

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the effects of κ-carrageenan concentration on its interaction with sodium caseinate and the oil-water interfacial properties of the composite system. [Methods] Sodium caseinate composite systems with different κ-carrageenan concentrations were prepared. Protein structure, surface hydrophobicity, endogenous fluorescence, zeta potential, particle size, interfacial adsorption behavior, and interfacial dilatational modulus were determined. [Results] After the addition of κ-carrageenan, the secondary structure of sodium caseinate changed markedly, and the proportion of ordered structures showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. Surface hydrophobicity and endogenous fluorescence intensity exhibited a similar trend. When the addition level of κ-carrageenan was 0.15‰, …

Effects Of Material Form On The Modification Of Rice By Heat-Moisture Treatment, Wang Haoyan, Feng Wei, Zheng Yubin, Wang Ren, Huo Jian

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the effects of two material forms (rice flour and whole rice grains) on the modification performance of rice by heat-moisture treatment and physicochemical properties. [Methods] Early indica rice is used as raw material. Rice flour and whole rice grains are subjected to heat-moisture treatment (100 ℃, 2 h) under three moisture levels (21%, 24%, and 27%). Subsequently, the basic chemical composition, surface particle morphology, crystal structure characteristics, and farinograph processing properties of samples from the two groups are characterized. [Results] After heat-moisture treatment, the particle dispersibility of samples in both groups decreases significantly, accompanied by obvious aggregation …

Study On Preparation And Emulsification Properties Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles Arabinoxylan Hydrolysate/Soy Protein Isolate Complex, Yu Shuo, Guo Qingbin, Zhao Shudi, Li Zhenjing, Jia Xing, Kang Ji

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To expand the application fields of distillers dried grains with solubles and improve its market value. [Methods] Arabinoxylan (AX) was extracted from distillers dried grains with solubles and modified to prepare AX with different molecular structures. AX was then reacted with soy protein isolate (SPI) via the Maillard reaction to prepare the AX-SPI covalent complex. The structure of the complex was characterized using circular dichroism spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, particle size, and zeta potential, and its emulsifying properties were studied. [Results] The AX-SPI covalent complex is formed by SPI and AX via the Maillard reaction, and differences in …

Effect Of Sodium Butyrate On Biofilm Formation And Virulence Of Salmonella Typhimurium, Yao Meng, Li Zhiheng, Wang Yan, Pan Wanlong, Liu Peng

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the regulatory effects of sodium butyrate on biofilm formation by Salmonella typhimurium and clarify its effects on the expression of virulence-related genes and pathogenicity under in vivo conditions. [Methods] S. typhimurium was treated with 4 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL sodium butyrate, and the effects of sodium butyrate on biofilm formation, motility, metabolic activity, and quorum sensing of the strain were detected. The expression changes of virulence genes (hilA, invF, and sipA) in sodium butyrate-treated strains were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. A C57BL/6 mouse infection model was established using S. typhimurium pretreated with 8 mg/mL sodium butyrate, …

Detection Of Egg Components In Food By Microfluidic Digital Pcr, Li Ben, Zhuo Yiming, Qin Jijun, Yang Lixia

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To establish a detection method for egg components in food using microfluidic digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. [Methods] Specific primers and fluorescent probes are designed based on the mitochondrial gene nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1). Then, the reaction system and amplification conditions are optimized, and specificity and sensitivity are evaluated before being applied to actual food detection. [Results] The established method can specifically detect egg components, while no cross-reactivity is observed with other common poultry egg components, such as duck and goose eggs. The optimal annealing temperature is 56 ℃, and the optimal concentrations of primers …

Optimization Of Roller Tooth Parameters For Roller Mill Based On Rocky Dem, Liu Yifan, Zhang Chao, Guo Xing

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the effects of the surface technical parameters of the toothed roller in a 1B roller mill on the wheat grinding process and to optimize these surface technical parameters. [Methods] The grinding process of the toothed roller was simulated using Rocky DEM software. Tooth angle, sharpness angle, tooth tip width, and inclination were selected as variables to analyze their effects on wheat scraping rate and wear loss. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments combined with matrix analysis were comprehensively applied to systematically evaluate the experimental results. [Results] The optimal combination of surface technical parameters for the 1B toothed roller, …

Inhibitory Effect Of Tbhq On The Deterioration Of Leisure Dried Tofu, Chen Durun, Huang Zhanrui, Hu Lianhua, Chen Hao, Zhao Dan

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To address key industrial challenges of leisure dried tofu subjected to mild sterilization, namely shortened shelf life (30~90 d) and susceptibility to photoenzyme -induced oxidative deterioration, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which tert -butylhydroquinone (TBHQ ) inhibits quality deterioration in leisure dried tofu induced by photoenzyme initiators. [Methods] Leisure dried tofu was prepared using marinade treated with TBHQ and photoenzyme initiators (chlorophyll and azodiisobutyronitrile ). During a 90 d storage period, dynamic changes in nutritional components, characteristic oxidation indices, textural properties, intermolecular forces, and microstructure of the dried tofu were systematically monitored.［Results］ During the early storage …

Detection Of Apple Freshness During Storage Based On Zigbee Network And Pls-Da, Huang Haiyang, Qu Liqiu, Ma Yunlong

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To address the long detection cycles, complex operation, and destructive sampling in apple freshness detection, a rapid and non-destructive detection method based on Zigbee wireless sensor network and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) is proposed. [Methods] With Red Fuji apples as the research object, a gas sensor array acquisition system based on the Zigbee protocol is designed to monitor the concentration changes of four characteristic gases (ethanol, ethylene, oxygen, and carbon dioxide) during apple storage in real time. Least squares filtering is employed to preprocess the raw data, and the stable value, mean value, and maximum value are extracted …

Overexpression Of Liax Enhances Stress Tolerance In Lacticaseibacillus Paracasei L9, Liu Ting, Ma Xiayin, Yan Ningning, Chen Shihao, Bai Jingfu

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the protective role of the surface protein LiaX in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L9 against external stresses, such as bile salts, antibiotics, and the gastrointestinal environment. [Methods] A LiaX-overexpressing strain was constructed and the protein was purified. Spent media assays, in vitro simulated digestion, and exogenous protein supplementation experiments were comprehensively employed to evaluate the effect of LiaX on the survival rate of the strain under digestive, bile salt, and antibiotic stresses. [Results] The LiaX-overexpressing strain LPL9psip0968 his was successfully constructed, and the LiaX protein was isolated and purified. Spent media assays and exogenous addition of purified LiaX protein …

Preparation , Structural Characterization , And In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activities Of Acetylated Elaeagnus Moorcroftii Wall . Polysaccharides, Xue Xue, Tang Hui, Liao Bingwu, Chen Lu, Zhao Wenbin, Wang Xinbing, Sun Yan, Wei Youhong

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To explore the preparation conditions, structural information, and in vitro hypoglycemic activities of acetylated Elaeagnus moorcroftii Wall. polysaccharides of Kashgar (A-EMP-K). [Methods] EMP-K is extracted by the water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, and modified by the acetic anhydride method. Then, A-EMP-K preparation conditions are optimized using Box–Behnken response surface methodology. Furthermore, structural characterization and in vitro hypoglycemic activity assays of A-EMP-K are performed. [Results] The optimal preparation conditions are a reaction time of 3 h, a reaction temperature of 61 ℃, and an acetic anhydride addition volume of 9.3 mL. Under these conditions, A-EMP-K exhibits a degree of …

Purification , Characterization , And Hypoglycemic Activity Of Peanut Coat Polyphenols, Zhou Wenda, Yin Yunhui, Fu Jingxuan

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To optimize the purification process of peanut skin polyphenols (PSPs), improve purification efficiency, and investigate their in vitro hypoglycemic activity. [Methods] Three types of PSPs (red, white, and purple) were extracted by ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction. Seven macroporous resins were used for static adsorption and desorption of PSPs, and the resin with the best performance was selected for single-factor experiments. The components of the purified PSPs were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Using acarbose as a positive control, the inhibitory activity and inhibition types of PSPs against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were investigated. [Results] Purple peanut skins exhibited the highest contents of total …

Effects Of Total Flavonoids From Perilla Leaves On Anti-Fatigue Capacity In Adolescent Athletes, Liu Baofeng, Liang Xiao

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To clarify the improvement effects of total flavonoids from perilla leaves on the anti-fatigue capacity of adolescent athletes and to compare the effects of different purification methods and liquid-to-solid ratios on their efficacy. [Methods] Total flavonoids from perilla leaves were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction, and two purification methods were employed for total flavonoid purification. Male adolescent track and field athletes aged 16 years with comparable physical fitness were selected to participate in a trial involving total flavonoid intake. Exhaustion time, maximum oxygen uptake, and serum lactate, serum urea nitrogen, and creatine kinase levels were measured in the male adolescent …

Effects Of Re-Frying Processes On The Quality And Volatile Flavor Compounds Of Pre-Fried Coated Tofu, Nie Jingwen, Chen Hao, Zhao Dan, Zhou Xiaohu, Yang Dajun, Zhao Liangzhong

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the effects of deep frying process (DFP), microwave process (MP), and air frying process (AFP) on the quality and aroma characteristics of pre-fried coated tofu. [Methods] The optimal re-frying conditions are selected using slurry exudation rate, moisture content, color difference, and sensory evaluation as indicators. Subsequently, the re-frying method most suitable for consumers is comprehensively determined based on texture properties, oil content, malondialdehyde content, electronic nose analysis, and volatile compound composition. [Results] Under the three re-frying methods, the coated tofu exhibits an increase-then-decrease trend in slurry exudation rate and sensory evaluation, accompanied by a continuous decline in …

Effects Of Different Extraction Methods On The Chemical Composition And Antioxidant Activity Of Guangfoshou Essential Oil, Wang Youdi, Chen Wentao, Yan Bin, Xu Shuling, Lyu Yiting, Yang Yuyan, Xu Juanjuan, Ou Xiaohua

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To comparatively evaluate the effects of three extraction methods, i.e., steam distillation (SD), enzyme-assisted steam distillation (EHSD), and ultrasound-assisted steam distillation (UASD), on the extraction efficiency, chemical composition, and bioactivity of Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Guangfoshou) essential oil. [Methods] Guangfoshou essential oil was extracted using SD, EHSD, and UASD. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Cluster heatmap analysis was employed to compare differences in essential oil composition obtained by the three extraction methods. Antioxidant activity was assessed based on total antioxidant capacity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging …