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2026

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Study Of The Influence Of Different Variables On Clathrate Practical Applications In Phenol Removal, Riyadh Al- Mukhtar, Shurooq Remedhan, Marwa Hussin Aug 2026

Study Of The Influence Of Different Variables On Clathrate Practical Applications In Phenol Removal, Riyadh Al- Mukhtar, Shurooq Remedhan, Marwa Hussin

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work, effluent wastewater treated by using cyclopentane-water Clathrate system to treat water contaminates with phenols at concentrations (300, 250, 200, 150, 100 and 50) ppm in order to investigate the capability of process performance. Clathrate or hydrate are strong crystal structures including water (host particles) and little particles (guest particles). The experiments were conducted at different cyclopentane-water volume ratios (1: 2 and 1: 4). The work was done in a 250 ml glass cell with an electric mixer at a constant speed of 280 cycles per minute. Phenol was highest removal percent at 300ppm at 1: 4volume ratio …

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Enhancement Of Edm Performance By Using Copper-Silver Composite Electrode, Saad Shather, Abbas Ibrahim, Zainab Mohsein, Omar Hassoon Hassoon Aug 2026

Enhancement Of Edm Performance By Using Copper-Silver Composite Electrode, Saad Shather, Abbas Ibrahim, Zainab Mohsein, Omar Hassoon Hassoon

Engineering and Technology Journal

Discharge Machining is a non-traditional machining technique and usually applied for hard metals and complex shapes that difficult to machining in the traditional cutting process. This process depends on different parameters that can affect the material removal rate and surface roughness. The electrode material is one of the important parameters in Electro –Discharge Machining (EDM). In this paper, the experimental work carried out by using a composite material electrode and the workpiece material from a high-speed steel plate. The cutting conditions: current (10 Amps, 12 Amps, 14 Amps), pulse on time (100 μs, 150 μs, 200 μs), pulse off time …

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Optimal Model Reference Control Scheme Design For Nonlinear Strict-Feedback Systems, Musadaq Hadi, Hazem Ali Aug 2026

Optimal Model Reference Control Scheme Design For Nonlinear Strict-Feedback Systems, Musadaq Hadi, Hazem Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, a new design of the model reference control scheme is proposed in a class of nonlinear strict-feedback system. First, the system is analyzed using Lyapunov stability analysis. Next, a model reference is used to improve system performance. Then, the Integral Square Error (ISE) is considered as a cost function to drive the error between the reference model and the system to zero. After that, a powerful metaheuristic optimization method is used to optimize the parameters of the proposed controller. Finally, the results show that the proposed controller can effectively compensate for the strictly-feedback nonlinear system with more …

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Numerical And Experimental Explorations For The Formability Of Drawing Square Cups Through Deep Drawing Operation (January 2020), Nareen Obaeed Aug 2026

Numerical And Experimental Explorations For The Formability Of Drawing Square Cups Through Deep Drawing Operation (January 2020), Nareen Obaeed

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study aims to examine the formability of drawing cups having square shapes through direct deep drawing process on a single action press through one pass. This can be accomplished by conducting an FE simulation and performing an experimental investigation on steel substrate type AISI 1008 blank with diameter and thickness dimensions 80, 0.5 mm respectively. To explore and analyze the formability of such a drawing process, two process parameters have been included in this work which is the speed of punch (30 and 300 mm/min) and the lubrication state (with machine oil and dry drawing). Both direct and indirect …

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Improved Y-Source Single-Stage Transformerless Micro-Inverter For Pv Residential Applications, Firas Salih, Oday Ahmed Aug 2026

Improved Y-Source Single-Stage Transformerless Micro-Inverter For Pv Residential Applications, Firas Salih, Oday Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Y-Source Impedance Network (YSN) is one of the most suitable for providing high voltage gain. It generatesa high voltage gain by using a small shoot-through duty cycle, which makes it suitable in applications require a wide range of input voltages such as the Photovoltaic (PV) power plants. However, traditional (YSNs) are unable to boost low voltages in certain applications to the DC-link voltage (about 400V) since it requires a high number of the turns ratio. Higher turns ratio implies higher leakage inductance resulting in higher DC-link voltage spikes. Also, traditional YSNs have high voltage stresses across the components. In this …

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Effect Of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone On Polyvinyl Chloride-Graft-Acrylamide Membranes, Maha Al-Bahate, Kadhum Shabeeb, Bassam Khalil Aug 2026

Effect Of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone On Polyvinyl Chloride-Graft-Acrylamide Membranes, Maha Al-Bahate, Kadhum Shabeeb, Bassam Khalil

Engineering and Technology Journal

Polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) was dehydrochlorinated by alkaline-solution (NaOH) in determining molarity (3.0 M) followed by grafting with acrylamide (AM) monomer onto dehydrochlorinated PVC (DHPVC) backbone by free-radical graft copolymerization to produce new grafted polymer referred as graft 3M. Then investigated the effect of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) addition on the grafted polymer. Membranes from pure PVC, graft 3M, and graft 3M/ PVP were synthesis via a phase inversion method. The successful AM grafting onto PVC was confirmed by characterization of the membranes by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) analysis, porosity, pore size, and contact angle measurements. …

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Study The Effect Of Machine Efficiency In Production Lines Balancing, Rasha Marzoog, Sawsan Al-Zubaidy, Ahmed Alduroobi Aug 2026

Study The Effect Of Machine Efficiency In Production Lines Balancing, Rasha Marzoog, Sawsan Al-Zubaidy, Ahmed Alduroobi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Production Line Balancing (PLB) is the technique of assigning the operations to workstations in such a way that the assignment minimizes the idle time between workstations. PLB aims to equator the workload in each workstation to assure maximum production flow. By adding machine in specific configurations is one treatment which leads to this leveling in workload. This research studies the different efficiencies of the added machine and the effect of these efficiencies on line balancing to select the machine with suitable efficiency. This will be led to reduce the idle time between workstations and increasing production flow. The work time …

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Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Of High Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams, Zinah Abdul Hussein Aug 2026

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Of High Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams, Zinah Abdul Hussein

Engineering and Technology Journal

This research work presents a nonlinear finite element investigation on the behavior of high strength fiber reinforced concrete beams. This investigation is carried out in order to get a better understanding of their behavior throughout the entire loading history. The three- dimensional 20-node brick elements are used to model the concrete, while the reinforcing bars are modeled as axial members embedded within the concrete brick elements. The compressive behavior of concrete is simulated by an elastic-plastic work-hardening model followed by a perfectly plastic response, which terminate at the onset of crushing. In tension, a fixed smeared crack model has been …

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Integration Of Cad/Cae/Rp Environment For Developing A New Product In Medical Field, Nabeel Allawy, Amjad Abdulghafour Aug 2026

Integration Of Cad/Cae/Rp Environment For Developing A New Product In Medical Field, Nabeel Allawy, Amjad Abdulghafour

Engineering and Technology Journal

Reconstruction of the mandible after severe trauma is one of the most difficult challenges facing oral and maxillofacial surgery. The mandible is an essential element in the appearance of the human face that gives the distinctive shape of the face, holds. This paper aims to propose a methodology that allows the surgeon to perform virtual surgery by investing engineering programs to place the implant by default and with high accuracy within the mandible based on the patient's medical data. The current study involved a 35-year-old man suffering from a traffic accident in the mandible with multiple fractures of the facial …

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Numerical And Experimental Modeling Of Indoor Air Quality Inside A Conditioned Space With Mechanical Ventilation And Dx-Air Conditioner, Wisam Mareed, Hasanen Hussen Aug 2026

Numerical And Experimental Modeling Of Indoor Air Quality Inside A Conditioned Space With Mechanical Ventilation And Dx-Air Conditioner, Wisam Mareed, Hasanen Hussen

Engineering and Technology Journal

Elevated CO2 rates in a building affect the health of the occupant. This paper deals with an experimental and numerical analysis conducted in a full-scale test room located in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Technology. The experiments and CFD were conducted for analyzing ventilation performance. It is a study on the effect of the discharge airflow rate of the ceiling type air-conditioner on ventilation performance in the lecture room with the mixing ventilation. Most obtained findings show that database and questionnaires analyzed prefer heights between 0.2 m to 1.2 m in the middle of an occupied …

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Digital Change Detection And Map Analysis For Urban Expansion And Land Cover Changes In Karbala City, Noor Hamed, Muthanna Al Bayati, Haidar Mohammed Aug 2026

Digital Change Detection And Map Analysis For Urban Expansion And Land Cover Changes In Karbala City, Noor Hamed, Muthanna Al Bayati, Haidar Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Urban growth driven by uncontrolled expansion is one of the greatest problems that reduces the fertile lands in Karbala Governorate, Iraq. This phenomenon is the cause for variety of urban environmental problems such as an increase in local temperature, cost of land, and loss of agricultural produce. Multiple images of different time periods were used, passing them through a series of image processing steps according to the methodology of work to achieve the aims of the paper by calculating land cover changes for Karbala City from 1992 to 2013. The aim of this research is to take the temporal and …

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Effect Of Filler Metals On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Gtaw Welded Joints Of Aluminum Alloy (Aa2024-T3), Muna Abbass, Jihad Abd Ul-Qader Aug 2026

Effect Of Filler Metals On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Gtaw Welded Joints Of Aluminum Alloy (Aa2024-T3), Muna Abbass, Jihad Abd Ul-Qader

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study presents an appropriate filler metal or welding electrode to join aluminum alloy (AA2024-T3) sheet of 3.2 mm thickness with a square butt joint using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process. This process was carried out at three different welding currents with three various filler metals: ER4047 (12% Si), ER4043 (5% Si), and ER5356 (5% Mg). Experiments were conducted to investigate the microstructure and the mechanical properties. The effect of various filler metals upon the weld joints quality were analyzed via an X-ray radiographic and tensile test. Hardness test, microstructures, SEM, and XRD also conducted to the welded specimens. …

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Effect Of Powder-Mixed Dielectric On Edm Process Performance, Safa Fadhil, Shukry Aghdeab Aug 2026

Effect Of Powder-Mixed Dielectric On Edm Process Performance, Safa Fadhil, Shukry Aghdeab

Engineering and Technology Journal

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is extensively used to manufacture different conductive materials, including difficult to machine materials with intricate profiles. Powder Mixed Electro-Discharge Machining (PMEDM) is a modern innovation in promoting the capabilities of conventional EDM. In this process, suitable materials in fine powder form are mixed in the dielectric fluid. An equal percentage of graphite and silicon carbide powders have been mixed together with the transformer oil and used as the dielectric media in this work. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of some process parameters such as peak current, pulse-on time, and powder concentration …

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The Hybrid (Pvt) Double-Pass System With A Mixed-Mode Solar Dryer For Drying Banana, Abdullateef Jadallah, Mohammed Alsaadi, Saifalddeen Hussien Aug 2026

The Hybrid (Pvt) Double-Pass System With A Mixed-Mode Solar Dryer For Drying Banana, Abdullateef Jadallah, Mohammed Alsaadi, Saifalddeen Hussien

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper proposes a developed numerical and experimental design of a hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) double-pass counter-flow system connected with the mixed-mode solar dryer system. The mixed-mode solar dryer considers the most efficient mode because it has two heat sources, from solar radiation and the hot airflow which is supplied by the PVT system. The PVT system is often unused for drying applications; therefore, the whole proposed PVT solar system in this work is utilized for drying applications. This system is not only massive fuel savings, but also crucial to improve the quality of the dried product in terms of color, …

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Direct Current Deadbeat Predictive Controller For Bldc Motor Using Single Dc-Link Current Sensor, Qaed Ali, Mohammed Ezzaldean Aug 2026

Direct Current Deadbeat Predictive Controller For Bldc Motor Using Single Dc-Link Current Sensor, Qaed Ali, Mohammed Ezzaldean

Engineering and Technology Journal

BLDC motors are characterized by electronic commutation, which is performed by using an electric three-phase inverter. The direct control system of the BLDC motor consists of double loops; including the inner-loop for current regulating and outer-loop for speed control. The operation of the current controller requires feedback of motor currents; the conventional current controller uses two current sensors on the ac side of the inverter to measure the currents of two phases, while the third current would be accordingly calculated. These two sensors should have the same characteristics, to achieve balanced current measurements. It should be noted that the sensitivity …

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Simulation Design Of Blood-Pump Intelligent Controller Based On Pid-Like Fuzzy Logic Technique, Raghda Raheem, Mohammed Y., Saleem Kadhim Aug 2026

Simulation Design Of Blood-Pump Intelligent Controller Based On Pid-Like Fuzzy Logic Technique, Raghda Raheem, Mohammed Y., Saleem Kadhim

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper presents a blood pump with a bearingless brushless DC motor, supported by speed, torque, and suspension force controllers. Simulation of the pump motor and its controllers tested by MATLAB/Simulink. Two Proportional plus Integral (PI) controllers are employed for controlling the rotational speed and torque of the motor. For controlling the suspension force a comparative study is presented between the Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative (PID) controller and two inputs PID-like Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). A particle swarm optimization technique is used to find the best values for the controller’s parameters. The results of the speed and torque controllers …

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Experimental Study On Performance And Emission Characteristic Of Diesel Engine Using Sunflower Oil Biodiesel Blends, Ghassan Ali, Abed Al-Kadim Hassan Aug 2026

Experimental Study On Performance And Emission Characteristic Of Diesel Engine Using Sunflower Oil Biodiesel Blends, Ghassan Ali, Abed Al-Kadim Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Biodiesel fuel is a liquid biofuel produced by chemical process form new and used phytogenic oils, animal fats. Biodiesel fuels can be utilization alone or mixing with the pure diesel at different proportion. In the present work a diesel engine type (FIAT) , four cylinder, variable speed, direct injection was operated by sunflower oil methyl ester , biodiesel at different blend ratio . five different ratio of biodiesel blends 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by volume is used in this study and compared with using of pure diesel at variable loads and variable engine speed. The effect of biodiesel …

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Optimization Of Plasma Cutting Parameters On Dimensional Accuracy And Machining Time For Low Carbon Steel, Sami Hamood, Vian Najm Aug 2026

Optimization Of Plasma Cutting Parameters On Dimensional Accuracy And Machining Time For Low Carbon Steel, Sami Hamood, Vian Najm

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work aims to study the influence of plasma arc cutting parameters on dimensional accuracy and machining time for mild steel (1010) material with the thickness (4 mm). Selected three cutting parameters (arc current, cutting speed, and arc distance) or the experimental work. 12 tests have been performed at each test one parameter has been changed with four various levels and other parameters are constant. The influence of the cutting parameters on response results (dimensional accuracy and machining time) have been studied and analyzed by using response surface methodology (RSM) using the second-order model and main effect plot have been …

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Removal Of Iron From Produced Water Using Silica Adsorbent Material, Zamen Mekhelf, Akeel Subhi, Ramzy Hamied Aug 2026

Removal Of Iron From Produced Water Using Silica Adsorbent Material, Zamen Mekhelf, Akeel Subhi, Ramzy Hamied

Engineering and Technology Journal

The removal of Iron from produced water using adsorbent materials is taking a space of attention from the perspective of researchers. In this work, the characterization of chemically modified silica used as Iron ions adsorbent using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser granularity instrument was performed. The point of zero charge (PZC) of modified silica was determined using titration method. Different parameters were used to better approach Iron removal. These parameters are 0.2 and 0.4 mg/l modified silica adsorbent dose, 30-180 min adsorption time and pH values of 4-10. The results showed that modified silica exhibited …

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Prediction Of Surface Roughness And Optimization Of Cutting Parameters In Cnc Turning Of Rotational Features, Yousif Shounia, Tahseen Abaas, Raed Shwaish Aug 2026

Prediction Of Surface Roughness And Optimization Of Cutting Parameters In Cnc Turning Of Rotational Features, Yousif Shounia, Tahseen Abaas, Raed Shwaish

Engineering and Technology Journal

This research presents a model for prediction surface roughness in terms of process parameters in turning aluminum alloy 1200. The geometry to be machined has four rotational features: straight, taper, convex and concave, while a design of experiments was created through the Taguchi L25 orthogonal array experiments in minitab17 three factors with five Levels depth of cut (0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.12) mm, spindle speed (1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000) r.p.m and feed rate (60, 70, 80, 90 and 100) mm/min. A multiple non-linear regression model has been used which is a set of statistical extrapolation processes to …

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Improve The Micro-Hardness Of Single Point Incremental Forming Product Using Magnetic Abrasive Finishing, Baqer Ahmed, Saad Shather, Wisam Hamdan Aug 2026

Improve The Micro-Hardness Of Single Point Incremental Forming Product Using Magnetic Abrasive Finishing, Baqer Ahmed, Saad Shather, Wisam Hamdan

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper the Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) was utilized after Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) process as a combined finishing process. Firstly, the Single Point Incremental forming was form the truncated cone made from low carbon steel (1008-AISI) based on Z-level tool path then the magnetic abrasive finishing process was applied on the surface of the formed product. Box-Behnken design of experiment in Minitab 17 software was used in this study. The influences of different parameters (feed rate, machining step size, coil current and spindle speed) on change in Micro-Vickers hardness were studied. The maximum and minimum change in …

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Preparation And Study Of Flexural Strength And Impact Strength For Hybrid Composite Materials Used In Structural Applications, Teeb Mohameed, Sihama Salih, Wafaa Salih Aug 2026

Preparation And Study Of Flexural Strength And Impact Strength For Hybrid Composite Materials Used In Structural Applications, Teeb Mohameed, Sihama Salih, Wafaa Salih

Engineering and Technology Journal

Many of the polymeric materials used for structural purposes have weak mechanical properties, these characteristics can therefore be improved by preparing a hybrid laminar composite. In this work use melting mixing method using screw extruder to prepare sheets of polymer blends and nanocomposites based on polymer blends, and using a hot hydraulic press machine to prepared hybrid laminates composites. Two groups of hybrid laminar composites were prepared, the first group is consist of [((94%PP: 5%PMMA: 1 %( PP-g-MA)): 0.3% ZrO2): 6%KF and 8%KF] and the second group is [((94%PP: 5%UHMWPE: 1 %( PP-g-MA)): 0.3% ZrO2): 6%KF and 8%KF]. The results …

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Influence Of Nanocermic On Some Properties Of Polyetheretherketone Based Biocomposites, Alaa Mohammed, Jawad Oleiwi, Emad Al-Hassani Aug 2026

Influence Of Nanocermic On Some Properties Of Polyetheretherketone Based Biocomposites, Alaa Mohammed, Jawad Oleiwi, Emad Al-Hassani

Engineering and Technology Journal

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials belong to a group of high-performance thermoplastic polymers thermoplastic that has been proposed as a substitute for metals in biomaterials. In this research, in order to improve the performances of PEEK, nano titanium dioxide (n-TiO2) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) were incorporated into PEEK loading up to (1.5 wt%) to fabricate PEEK composites by using a method of melt-blending and hot compressing. Properties, such as compression, density, the morphology of fracture, and element analysis were examined for preparing samples. The results showed that the compression and density properties improved with increased weight fraction for two types of reinforcement, but …

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Evaluation Of Mechanical Properties And Finite Element Modeling In Friction Stir Welding Of C12200 Copper Alloy To C36000 High-Leaded Brass Pipe, Ahmed Akber, Ali Khleif, Abbas Hasein Aug 2026

Evaluation Of Mechanical Properties And Finite Element Modeling In Friction Stir Welding Of C12200 Copper Alloy To C36000 High-Leaded Brass Pipe, Ahmed Akber, Ali Khleif, Abbas Hasein

Engineering and Technology Journal

In systems transporting fluids like petrol, water, or any fluids. Copper and brass pipes are used because of the capability to resist corrosion. The copper alloys can be welded by several methods like arc, resistance, friction welding, and gas methods and they can be readily soldered and brazed. In the present study, mechanical properties and finite element modeling evaluation for friction stir welding of two dissimilar pipes (C12200 copper alloy pipe with C36000 copper alloy pipe). During this study six parameters were used where rotation speed of (775,1000,1300 and1525rpm), welding speed of 1.7 mm/min, axial force of 8.5KN, with a …

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Mechanical Properties Of Martensitic Stainless Steel (Aisi420) Subjected To Conventional And Cryogenic Treatments, Hareer Mohamed, Ali Ataiwi, Jamal Dawood Aug 2026

Mechanical Properties Of Martensitic Stainless Steel (Aisi420) Subjected To Conventional And Cryogenic Treatments, Hareer Mohamed, Ali Ataiwi, Jamal Dawood

Engineering and Technology Journal

Martensitic Stainless Steel (AISI420) MSS are vastly used because of their properties conventional which mix good mechanical and corrosion resistance. Cryogenic up to -196°C for different soaking time and heat treatments at (1000,500,200°C) for 15 minutes is one of the ways that used to enhance mechanical properties of these steels by means transformation of retained austenite, deformation regarding martensite then carbide refinement. the result showed an increase in tensile strength of samples that were treated cryogenically and tempered at 500°C was 933 (MPa) compared to samples that just treated conventionally in austenitizing and tempering at the same temperature that was …

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Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane For Methyl Green Dye Removal, Saja Alardhi, Jamal Alrubaye, Talib Albayati Aug 2026

Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane For Methyl Green Dye Removal, Saja Alardhi, Jamal Alrubaye, Talib Albayati

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, the behavior of a Polyvinyl chloride (18 wt % PVC) hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for methyl green (MG) dye removal from aqueous solution was estimated by studying the influence of varying the operation conditions (the concentration of the dye and volumetric flow rate) to determine their impact on the separation processes (permeate flux and rejection coefficient) at constant pressure and temperature. The PVC membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, tests of the UF were carried out with pure water and MG aqueous solutions as feed. Outcomes explained a notable influence of feed concentration and …

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Synthesis And Characteristics Of Acetylated Corn Cob Powder/ Unsaturated Polyester Composite, Assala Oribe, Kadhum Shabbeb, Ayad Hassan Aug 2026

Synthesis And Characteristics Of Acetylated Corn Cob Powder/ Unsaturated Polyester Composite, Assala Oribe, Kadhum Shabbeb, Ayad Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this research, the composite material was prepared from untreated and treated corn cob powder by acetylation process and the physical and mechanical properties have been studied. Cellulose is extracted using the Kürchner-Hoffer method and then acetylated. Untreated corn cob powder and Acetylated corn cob powder were mixed with unsaturated polyester resin in different concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 wt. %). The Mechanical and the physical test results showed that there is an enhanced in mechanical properties (Tensile, Impact, Hardness, and Bending) with the treatment (Acetylation) by increasing treated corn cob powder mass fraction (1, 2, and 3wt. %) …

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Investigation Of Cost-Influencing Factors Potentially Controllable By Main Contractors In Construction Projects In Iraq, Layth Ali, Raid Abid Ali, Zeyad Khaled Aug 2026

Investigation Of Cost-Influencing Factors Potentially Controllable By Main Contractors In Construction Projects In Iraq, Layth Ali, Raid Abid Ali, Zeyad Khaled

Engineering and Technology Journal

Cost overrun in construction projects is a common phenomenon in Iraq. This might occur due to diversity of factors. This study aims to identify the factors influencing construction projects cost that are potentially controllable by main contractors. A field study through a questionnaire survey was directed to a sample of related Iraqi professional engineers from general contracting companies at both public and private sectors. Their opinions on the impact and frequency of each factor were investigated. The questionnaire offered (59) factors classified in (8) categories namely; legislations, financial and economic, design, contractual, site management, material, labor and equipment. The factors …

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Effect Of Heating Borehole Spacing On Plasticity Of Expansive Soil, Falah Rahil, Husam Baqir, Nabeel Tumma Aug 2026

Effect Of Heating Borehole Spacing On Plasticity Of Expansive Soil, Falah Rahil, Husam Baqir, Nabeel Tumma

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper presents the effect of spacing between boreholes heating on plasticity of expansive soils. The expansive soils used were prepared artificially by mixing Kut clay with different percentages of bentonite. Nine laboratory models of expansive soils having dry unit weight of 17.8 kN/m3 with 6% initial water content were prepared inside a steel box of (300 mm × 300 mm × 400 mm height). A special heating system generates 400 Co for six hours was designed and manufactured for this purpose using 12 mm diameter electric heaters inserted through boreholes. Square pattern boreholes of 170 mm length with spacing …

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Influence Of Minimum Tension Steel Reinforcement On The Behavior Of Singly Reinforced Concrete Beams In Flexure, Ali Abdulsada, Raid Khalel, Kaiss Sarsam Aug 2026

Influence Of Minimum Tension Steel Reinforcement On The Behavior Of Singly Reinforced Concrete Beams In Flexure, Ali Abdulsada, Raid Khalel, Kaiss Sarsam

Engineering and Technology Journal

The requirements of minimum flexural reinforcement in the last decades have been a reason for controversy. The structural behavior of beams in bending is the best way of investigating and evaluating the minimum reinforcement in flexure. For this purpose, twelve singly reinforced concrete beams with a rectangular cross-section of (125 mm) width by (250 mm) height and (1800 mm) length were cast and tested under two-point loads up to failure. These beams were divided into three groups with different compressive strengths (25, 50, and 80 MPa). Each group consists of four beams with different amounts of tension steel reinforcement approximately …

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