Digital Commons Network^™

Machine‑Learning Estimation Of Static Ir Drop In System‑On‑Chip Power Grids Using Gradient‑Boosted Regression And Image‑To‑Image Translation, Prateek Pendyala

Defensive Publications Series

Designing the power delivery network of a system‑on‑chip (SoC) involves repeated changes to the layout and to the power grid, and engineers conventionally re‑evaluate each change with a commercial static current‑resistance (IR) drop analysis.  These analyses can run from tens of minutes to several hours across many compute workers, which lengthens each design iteration.  This disclosure describes a machine‑learning approach that estimates per‑node static IR drop for multi‑million‑node power grids from electrical and spatial features of a design database.  The approach provides two complimentary techniques: a gradient‑boosted decision‑tree regression that predicts incremental IR drop from extracted power and resistance features, …

Early Prediction Of Design‑Rule‑Check Violation Hotspots From Placement‑Stage Congestion Feature Maps Using A Fully Convolutional Network, Prateek Pendyala

Defensive Publications Series

In the physical design of a system‑on‑chip (SoC) layout, design‑rule‑check (DRC) violations often appear late, during detailed routing (a stage that can take days to complete and that may trigger repeated placement adjustments).  This document describes a method that estimates where DRC violation hotspots may gather earlier in the process, working from feature maps that become available after placement and global routing.  The method arranges these maps (macro regions, cell and pin densities, rectangular uniform wire density (RUDY) maps, and routing congestion) as multi‑channel two‑dimensional inputs to a fully convolutional network (FCN) built as a multi‑scale encoder‑decoder with skip connections …

A Place‑And‑Route‑Independent Solver For Early Voltage‑Drop Estimation Of System‑On‑Chip Power Grids, Prateek Pendyala

Defensive Publications Series

Designing the power grid of a system‑on‑chip (SoC) balances two competing goals: a denser grid maintains voltage drop within a target, while a sparser grid frees routing resources for timing closure and layout density.  Reaching a workable balance calls for repeated passes through grid design, electromigration and voltage‑drop analysis, floor-planning, and place‑and‑route.  Preparing those passes with separate commercial tool flows can take up to forty minutes for a single grid specification.  This document describes a standalone solver that reads a power‑grid specification, builds a resistor‑and‑via mesh model of the grid, and computes the direct‑current node‑voltage distribution by assembling and solving …

Predictive, Time‑Scaled Scheduling Of Concurrent Workloads For Power And Thermal Management In A System On A Chip, Mohsen Heidarinejad, Farid Kenarangi, Arpit Mittal, Amin Khajeh

Defensive Publications Series

A system on a chip (SoC) that runs several workloads at the same time can experience uneven power draw, localized heating, and reduced responsiveness when it relies on a fixed policy that treats the die as uniform.  This document describes a closed‑loop framework that observes on‑die temperature and power, estimates power for subsystems without direct sensors, and predicts near‑term spikes and longer‑term demand from queued work.  Using these estimates, the framework stretches or compresses task timelines and recommends per‑subsystem power caps, which a control layer applies through operating‑point adjustment, clock and power gating, and task migration.  A supervisory layer then …

When The Protocol Decides - Replay-Ready Infrastructure For Programmable Financial Institutions, Deepak Aggarwal

Defensive Publications Series

The rails are becoming intelligent. The governance frameworks developed to manage them remain as before. In the ASEAN+3 group, the financial infrastructure stack is undergoing redesign, starting from the message layer upward. Project Nexus connects national payment systems at near-real-time speeds. ISO 20022 incorporates compliance controls within the financial messages themselves. Project Agorá brings programmable settlement to a distributed ledger. AI is parsing liquidity, fraud, identity, and credit information even before humans can see the information.

This paper presents a simple yet powerful illustration of its main thesis: One decision, three jurisdictions, seven seconds. Decision chains start unfolding themselves at …

The Irrecoverable Institution - Why Replayability - Not Explainability - Is The Governance Standard For Agentic Banking, Deepak Aggarwal

Defensive Publications Series

Financial institutions have accelerated the deployment of Agentic AI systems. These systems have the capabilities to make decisions and are operating faster than any governance mechanism can respond. However, when such decisions go wrong, the biggest cost incurred is not due to their very first mistake, but because the financial institution lacks the capability of replaying and governing the decision path until other costs increase significantly.

The objective of this paper is to propose Decision Replay as the base governance framework for agentic financial institutions, which would be the capability to replay and govern decisions at any moment, via any …

Banking Rewired - Reimagining The Future Of Banking In A Protocol-Driven World, Deepak Aggarwal

Defensive Publications Series

The World is Changed. Has Your Bank?  

A fintech executive in New York, USA. An AI researcher in Amsterdam, Netherlands. An MSME owner in Bengaluru, India. Each of them interacts with money not by logging in but living. Money flows, credit adjusts, identity streams, and ethics calculate, all ambiently, intelligently, and consent driven. Not science fiction. This is the shape of banking in a  programmable world. Banks are at a crossroads. The question is no longer: "How digital are we?" It is: "How programmable, ethical, and modular is our institution?"

Four Strategic Shifts Redefining the Future Bank

1. From Platform …

System And Method For Elemental Decomposition-Based Provenance Attribution Of Ai-Generated Audio, Eric Zavesky

Defensive Publications Series

A system and method determine whether a candidate audio catalog contributed to the training of a generative audio model. An elemental encoder decomposes generated audio and catalog items into elemental embeddings corresponding to aesthetic elements including melodic contour, harmonic progression, rhythmic pattern, and timbral palette. A segmentation engine defines regions of the generated output for scoped analysis. Within each element independently, instance-level scores compare output regions against catalog items while distribution-level alignment compares the catalog's element distributions against distributions over model-generated outputs relative to a reference set. A multi-order analyzer scores recurrence patterns, including motif persistence. A provenance scorer combines …

Localized Generation Of Privacy-Preserving Ambient Chronicles, Karl Tao, Gaurav Arora

Defensive Publications Series

A system is disclosed for generating a localized activity chronicle within a private environment. Local cameras capture sparse static snapshots of room environments over a local network. A local smart hub platform receives each snapshot directly into an ephemeral, volatile memory buffer. An on-device vision model, such as a quantized vision-language model executed by a local hardware neural processing unit or other local processing resource, processes the snapshot to generate a time-stamped natural-language description of activities within the private environment. Immediately following text generation, the raw snapshot is purged from the volatile memory, preventing raw image data from being stored …

Wearable Apparatus Configured For Ambient Marker Sensing And Application Actions, Carlos Henrique Esteves Mendonca, Joost Korngold

Defensive Publications Series

Transactions involving physical objects often require manual interaction with a mobile device, such as opening a camera application to scan a visual marker, resulting in an interruptive and multi-step process. A wearable extended reality apparatus or device (e.g., smart glasses) is described that may be configured for hands-free processing of digital transactions. The device can use an ambient camera to sense visual markers in an environment. To establish user intent, a dwell mechanism may evaluate gaze duration before triggering a secondary image capture. The device is configured to decode a uniform resource identifier from the visual marker and link to …

Semantics-Aware And Controllable Hand-Object Grasp Generation, Alberto García, Dominik Thabo Beeler, Jesús Pérez, Vasileios Choutas, Hiroyasu Akada, Emre Aksan

Defensive Publications Series

Current systems configured to generate three-dimensional interactions between a hand and an object typically rely on fragmented computational pipelines that can fail to generalize to novel target objects and may offer restricted control. A system is disclosed for generating poses of a hand utilizing a hand diffusion transformer configured to process conditioning signals, such as target object geometry and a direction of a hand. The hand diffusion transformer may output a distance profile, which represents target distances between regions of a hand and surfaces of an object. A subsequent optimization layer can use the distance profile to refine candidate hand …

Ai-Driven Browser Automation System For Attribute-Based Resource Access, Benjamin Albert Azose, Akancha Murlidhar Gupta, Theodore Thomas Olsauskas-Warren

Defensive Publications Series

An AI-driven browser agent framework is disclosed to facilitate attribute-based access to resources by enabling resource access decisions based on user or account characteristics rather than transferable authorization mechanisms. With user permission, the framework allows a browser agent to communicate user credentials, selected eligibility-related information requested by a resource provider for evaluating predefined eligibility criteria associated with a requested resource. Based on the evaluation, the browser agent may be granted immediate access to a resource acquisition workflow, assigned access at a future date or time, placed into a waiting queue, or denied access. By supporting multiple communication mechanisms, coordinated admission …

Dynamic Binary Patching Of Sub-Processes In A Multi-Process Browser Architecture Without Application Relaunch, Kentaro Hara

Defensive Publications Series

A vulnerability window is created when software patches are committed to open source repositories before an application restart is executed. An approach is disclosed where a primary process remains active on an original binary while helper processes run on updated binary versions. These updates are restricted to changes that preserve inter-process communication boundaries and shared memory layouts. New rendering processes are initiated from the updated binary during web navigations. Graphics and network processes are restarted using the updated binary during unutilized periods. Security updates are deployed to a running application without a full restart or modifying live memory structures.

Real-Time Relighting Of Physical Hands In Mixed Reality Using 3d Skeletal Tracking And Skin Thickness Estimation, Ashish Singh, Ahmet Cengiz Öztireli

Defensive Publications Series

This publication describes a framework for seamlessly integrating a user’s physical hands into a Mixed Reality (MR) environment by replacing real-world lighting with virtual illumination in real-time. The technique utilizes 3D skeletal tracking to generate a simplified volumetric model of the hand, which is then used to estimate skin thickness and define material properties (albedo and surface texture). By incorporating 3D bone velocity data, rather than standard 2D pixel tracking, the system stabilizes the decomposition process during rapid movements. The resulting maps allow virtual lighting to be applied realistically, simulating effects like light translucency through thin tissue (e.g., finger webbing) …

Cross-Surface Ad Narrative Orchestration Using Llm Sequential Reasoning With Engagement-Responsive Story Branching, Tamar Yakar, Ilia Labzovsky, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

A system orchestrates stateful, multi-chapter advertising narratives across different digital platforms within real-time bidding environments. The system separates the ad-serving process into an asynchronous control plane for computationally intensive planning and a synchronous data plane for low-latency auction execution. The asynchronous control plane uses a large language model (LLM) to generate a narrative directed acyclic graph (NDAG) that defines a story arc with branching logic based on potential user engagement. The system then compiles this narrative graph into a deterministic state transition matrix for execution at the network edge. To track user progression, the synchronous data plane uses a compact …

Automating Recurring Tasks Using Ai-Driven Browser Automation System, Benjamin Albert Azose, Jonathan Jerome Azose

Defensive Publications Series

An AI-driven browser automation system collects browser activity information associated with a user, including webpage visits, timestamps, transaction-completion events, autofill activity, and other interaction data. The system analyzes the browser activity information to identify recurring activities, determine recurrence intervals, and classify and rank the recurring activities. Based on the analysis, the system generates recurring-task recommendations and presents the recommendations to a user for approval. Upon receiving approval, the system creates recurring tasks within a calendar system, reminder system, task-management system, or agentic browser workflow. In some cases, the system determines workflows associated with prior occurrences of recurring activities and utilizes …

Plastic Resins Or Adhesive Resins With Uv Fluorescent Additive As Tracers, Steven Crochiere, Michael Yi Zhao Yao, Anothai Kamphan, Randi Walz

Defensive Publications Series

UV fluorescent additives are added to primary sources of plastic resins or adhesive formulations to serve as tracers and contamination-detection aids. When a plastic or adhesive particle/debris is detected in failed hard disk drives (HDDs) or at other locations, the different tracers added in different plastic or adhesive items (such as trays, assembly tools, direct plastic components, or adhesives used on direct components or indirect materials in manufacturing processes) help identify and narrow down the source(s) of the plastic or adhesive particle/debris.

The Impact Of Art-Integrated Instruction On Handwriting Development Among Primary School Students, Maryam Ahmed Alomair

Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Humanities and Management Sciences

This study explores the impact of art-integrated instruction on handwriting development among primary school students compared to the traditional approach. The study perceives handwriting as a form of visual and creative expression with the capacity to foster greater motivation and motor control, positioning it as more than simply a handwriting skill. A quantitative quasi-experimental pretest–post-test design was used for the study, comprising 39 primary school students divided into two main groups, namely, the experimental group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 19). For a period of four weeks, the control group continued to receive the traditional introduction …

Energy Transition And Economic Diversification In Saudi Arabia, 2005–2025, Amani Mohammed Aldukhail

Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Humanities and Management Sciences

This study explores the co-evolution of energy transition and economic diversification in Saudi Arabia during 2005–2025. It addresses the limited historical integration of energy-transition and diversification indicators in the Saudi context. Using a descriptive and analytical design based on secondary data, official statistics, international reports and national policy documents, the research identifies trends in renewable-energy capacity, electricity-mix reform, emissions pledges, non-oil sector performance, oil-sector developments and fiscal sustainability. The findings suggest that Saudi Arabia's energy transition has moved beyond mere policy rhetoric, particularly through plans to move away from liquid fuels in power generation and further develop renewables. Nonetheless, this …

2026-03 March Newsletter, Sammi Williams

NMOER Newsletters

No abstract provided.

2026-04 April Newsletter, Sammi Williams

NMOER Newsletters

No abstract provided.

2026-05 May Newsletter, Sammi Williams

NMOER Newsletters

No abstract provided.

2026-07 July Newsletter, Sammi Williams

NMOER Newsletters

No abstract provided.

2026-08 August Newsletter, Sammi Williams

NMOER Newsletters

No abstract provided.

2026-09 September Newsletter, Sammi Williams

NMOER Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Employee Salary Report [University Of Missouri - St. Louis] 2026, University Of Missouri-St. Louis

UMSL Salary Report

No abstract provided.

Senator Durbin Holds Round Table With Illinois Wesleyan Nursing Students, Faculty, Ann Aubry

Press Releases 2020-2029

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Entrepreneurial Marketing On Sustainable Competitive Advantage In Tanzanian Smes: A Lower-Order Dimensional Analysis, Omari Khalifa Mbura

Business Management Review

Although entrepreneurial marketing is increasingly recognised as multidimensional, limited understanding remains of whether its individual behaviours exhibit equivalent relationships with competitive advantage, particularly when behaviours associated with the same broad dynamic-capability process are considered separately. This study examines the associations between five lower-order dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing (EM)—proactiveness, innovativeness, resource leveraging, customer intensity and value creation—and sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) among food-processing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Guided by Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT), cross-sectional survey data from 255 SMEs were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) in the SEMinR package in R. …

Chemistry In The City Module, Ji Kim

Open Educational Resources

This project integrates a historical environmental health report from the CUNY Digital History Archive into an online Introductory Chemistry course to connect core chemical concepts with real urban pollution issues. Students analyze perchloroethylene contamination in apartments above dry cleaners, apply concepts such as volatility, vapor pressure, and concentration units, and reflect on chemical principles underlying indoor air pollution.

Chemistry In The City Module, Ji Kim

Open Educational Resources

This project integrates a historical environmental health report from the CUNY Digital History Archive into an online Introductory Chemistry course to connect core chemical concepts with real urban pollution issues. Students analyze perchloroethylene contamination in apartments above dry cleaners, apply concepts such as volatility, vapor pressure, and concentration units, and reflect on chemical principles underlying indoor air pollution.