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2026

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Editorial Board, Editorial Board Jan 2026

Editorial Board, Editorial Board

Journal of Dental Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Applications And Potential Of Chatgpt In Dentistry: Scoping Review Of Research Perspectives, Masakazu Hamada, Sumire Kikuchi, Tatsuya Akitomo, Satoru Kusaka, Yuko Iwamoto, Ryota Nomura Jan 2026

Applications And Potential Of Chatgpt In Dentistry: Scoping Review Of Research Perspectives, Masakazu Hamada, Sumire Kikuchi, Tatsuya Akitomo, Satoru Kusaka, Yuko Iwamoto, Ryota Nomura

Journal of Dental Sciences

Since ChatGPT was released in 2022, it has been used in various settings and has rapidly been adopted worldwide. The main objective of this review was to provide a comprehensive assessment of the accuracy, reliability, usefulness, and limitations of ChatGPT in dentistry. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using the terms “ChatGPT” and “dentistry”, and 63 papers were extracted. Of the 63 records identified, medical consultation and assistance were the most common, accounting for 35 of 63 records (53.8 %), followed by study assistance and confirmation tests with 16 records (24.6 %), national and specialist dental examinations …

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Pathological Premature Loss Of Primary Teeth And Its Influence On Aberrant Eruption Of Successors, Pakapol Wanitkitkurpol, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip, Tsui-Hsein Huang, Chia-Tze Kao Jan 2026

Pathological Premature Loss Of Primary Teeth And Its Influence On Aberrant Eruption Of Successors, Pakapol Wanitkitkurpol, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip, Tsui-Hsein Huang, Chia-Tze Kao

Journal of Dental Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Artificial Intelligence Applications In The Diagnosis And Management Of Cleft Lip And Palate: An Updated Review, Tu Manh Nguyen, Uyen Ngoc Thao Huynh, Thi Thuy Tien Vo, Yang-Che Wu, Chien-Fu Tseng, I-Ta Lee Jan 2026

Artificial Intelligence Applications In The Diagnosis And Management Of Cleft Lip And Palate: An Updated Review, Tu Manh Nguyen, Uyen Ngoc Thao Huynh, Thi Thuy Tien Vo, Yang-Che Wu, Chien-Fu Tseng, I-Ta Lee

Journal of Dental Sciences

According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is one of the most common congenital anomalies, significantly affecting both function and aesthetics while placing a considerable burden on healthcare systems worldwide. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in various medical fields, a thorough evaluation of its role in CL/P management has become essential. Therefore, this review was undertaken to summarize recent clinical applications of AI in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of CL/P. A comprehensive search of PubMed and IEEE Xplore was conducted from January 1, 2015, to May 31, 2025, using combined …

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Impact Of Female Hormonal Changes Throughout Life On Oral Health: A Scoping Review, Inês Lopes Cardoso, Mayane Fryde, Maria Inês Guimarães, Fernanda Leal Jan 2026

Impact Of Female Hormonal Changes Throughout Life On Oral Health: A Scoping Review, Inês Lopes Cardoso, Mayane Fryde, Maria Inês Guimarães, Fernanda Leal

Journal of Dental Sciences

This work looks at the impact of female hormonal fluctuations throughout life, during puberty, pregnancy and the menopause, on oral health. These physiological periods, marked by major variations in estrogen and progesterone levels, influence oral health, so the following question was formulated: to what extent do female hormonal fluctuations influence oral health? Through a scoping review of 37 scientific articles selected using a rigorous methodology (in particular using the Rayyan tool), it was possible to highlight clinical manifestations specific to each hormonal stage. In adolescent girls, puberty is frequently accompanied by exacerbated gingivitis, independent of dental plaque. During pregnancy, the …

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Applications Of Artificial Intelligence In Tooth Extraction: A Systematic Review, Masakazu Hamada, Ryota Nomura, Tatsuya Akitomo, Satoru Kusaka, Yuko Iwamoto, Shiori Yamamoto, Yuko Ogaya, Kazuhiko Nakano Jan 2026

Applications Of Artificial Intelligence In Tooth Extraction: A Systematic Review, Masakazu Hamada, Ryota Nomura, Tatsuya Akitomo, Satoru Kusaka, Yuko Iwamoto, Shiori Yamamoto, Yuko Ogaya, Kazuhiko Nakano

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Tooth extraction is a common procedure in dental treatment. In recent years, with the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, research on tooth extraction using AI has been increasing. In the present study, we consider the applicability of AI to tooth extraction through a literature review. Materials and methods The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for (“tooth extraction”) AND (“artificial intelligence” OR “machine learning” OR “deep learning”) in June 2024. Results Thirty-five articles matched the eligibility criteria and were extracted for this review. The most widely covered topics were “relationship between the root of the …

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Piezo1-Mediated Mechanotransduction In Cementocytes Via Protein Kinase B And P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling, Kaixin Xiong, Yukihiko Sakisaka, Taichi Tenkumo, Eiji Nemoto, Kentaro Maruyama, Faisal Muhammad, Shigeki Suzuki, Hiroyuki Tada, Satoru Yamada Jan 2026

Piezo1-Mediated Mechanotransduction In Cementocytes Via Protein Kinase B And P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling, Kaixin Xiong, Yukihiko Sakisaka, Taichi Tenkumo, Eiji Nemoto, Kentaro Maruyama, Faisal Muhammad, Shigeki Suzuki, Hiroyuki Tada, Satoru Yamada

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Cementocytes, terminally differentiated cells embedded within cellular cementum, are morphologically similar to osteocytes; however, their mechanosensory function remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate whether Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel, contributes to the regulation of osteo/cementogenic gene expression in murine cementocyte-like IDG-CM6 cells. Materials and methods IDG-CM6 cells were subjected to cyclic stretch or treated with Piezo1-specific agonist Yoda1 or antagonist GsMTx4. Expression levels of osteo/cementogenic genes (Wnt1, Sost, Opg) and protein levels were analyzed. The involvement of intracellular signaling pathways was assessed using pharmacological inhibitors targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) pathways. Results Cyclic …

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Hypoxic Stem Cells From Apical Papilla-Derived Exosomes Enhance Dental Pulp Stem Cells Migration And Differentiation Via Mitochondrial Activation, Deyan Yuan, Rui Tao, Bi Yin, Meng Gu Jan 2026

Hypoxic Stem Cells From Apical Papilla-Derived Exosomes Enhance Dental Pulp Stem Cells Migration And Differentiation Via Mitochondrial Activation, Deyan Yuan, Rui Tao, Bi Yin, Meng Gu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) play critical roles in dental tissue regeneration. Although intercellular communication through exosomes is known to influence stem cell regulation, the effects of exosomes derived from hypoxic SCAPs on the migration and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate SCAPs derived exosomes mediated modulation of DPSCs biological functions under hypoxic conditions. Materials and methods Exosomes were obtained from SCAPs cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. DPSCs were treated with these exosomes, and their migration capacity was evaluated using scratch and transwell assays. …

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Patient-Related Factors Influencing Delays In Oral Cancer Diagnosis: Insights From Pakistan, Muhammad Usman Amanat, Hutcha Sriplung, Duangporn Kerdpon Jan 2026

Patient-Related Factors Influencing Delays In Oral Cancer Diagnosis: Insights From Pakistan, Muhammad Usman Amanat, Hutcha Sriplung, Duangporn Kerdpon

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose South Asia has a high burden of oral cancer (OC); however, delays in diagnosis remain under-researched. The study investigated delay intervals in OC diagnosis and the contributing factors in rural Pakistan, considering its unique sociocultural context. Materials and methods This multi-center cross-sectional study employed a structured questionnaire to interview 152 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. The diagnostic intervals were determined using the Aarhus Statement. Logistic regression assessed the association between independent factors and delay types. Results Patient delays occurred in 76.3 % of cases, mostly due to appraisal delays (65 %), while diagnostic delays appeared in 51.3 %. …

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Multi-Institutional Observational Study On The Relationship Between Oral Infection Focus And Surgical Site Infection In Artificial Arthroplasty And The Clinical Significance Of Tooth Extraction: An Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching, Ryoji Kitamura, Sakiko Soutome, Naohisa Wada, Daisuke Akita, Takumi Hasegawa, Narihiro Hirahara, Yuichiro Imai, Hideto Imura, Yuki Hokita, Shinichiro Kato, Yuka Kojima, Yuji Kusafuka, Kousuke Matsumoto, Yumiko Matsusue, Hirokazu Nakahara, Kanae Niimi, Yu Ohashi, Mitsunobu Otsuru, Satoshi Rokutanda, Hironori Sakai, Yuki Sakamoto, Makoto Shimanishi, Yoshiko Yamamura, Akira Tachibana, Hideyuki Takano, Hiroshi Tsurumaki, Fumihiko Uchida, Nobuhiro Ueda, Koichiro Ueki, Toshiro Yamamoto, Madoka Funahara, Masahiro Umeda, Nagato Natsume Jan 2026

Multi-Institutional Observational Study On The Relationship Between Oral Infection Focus And Surgical Site Infection In Artificial Arthroplasty And The Clinical Significance Of Tooth Extraction: An Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching, Ryoji Kitamura, Sakiko Soutome, Naohisa Wada, Daisuke Akita, Takumi Hasegawa, Narihiro Hirahara, Yuichiro Imai, Hideto Imura, Yuki Hokita, Shinichiro Kato, Yuka Kojima, Yuji Kusafuka, Kousuke Matsumoto, Yumiko Matsusue, Hirokazu Nakahara, Kanae Niimi, Yu Ohashi, Mitsunobu Otsuru, Satoshi Rokutanda, Hironori Sakai, Yuki Sakamoto, Makoto Shimanishi, Yoshiko Yamamura, Akira Tachibana, Hideyuki Takano, Hiroshi Tsurumaki, Fumihiko Uchida, Nobuhiro Ueda, Koichiro Ueki, Toshiro Yamamoto, Madoka Funahara, Masahiro Umeda, Nagato Natsume

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious complication of artificial arthroplasty. Its relationship with dental infections and the necessity of preoperative dental screening remains debated. This study examined the relationship between oral condition and risk of SSI, along with preoperative tooth extraction effect, in patients undergoing artificial arthroplasty. Materials and methods Patients undergoing artificial hip or knee arthroplasty between April 2018 and September 2021 were retrospectively examined for age, sex, surgical site, surgical procedure, surgical time, preoperative hemoglobin level, white blood cell count, albumin level, creatinine level, remaining teeth, apical lesions ≥3 mm, periodontal pockets ≥4 mm, root fractures, …

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Evaluation Of Gpt-4o And Gemini Advanced On The Korean National Dental Licensing Examination: Accuracy, Consistency, And Question Generation, Eun Sun Song, Ga Hyeon Kim, Seung-Pyo Lee Jan 2026

Evaluation Of Gpt-4o And Gemini Advanced On The Korean National Dental Licensing Examination: Accuracy, Consistency, And Question Generation, Eun Sun Song, Ga Hyeon Kim, Seung-Pyo Lee

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4o and Gemini Advanced, have performed strongly on global medical examinations. However, their capabilities in non-English, dentistry-specific licensing contexts remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to compare the performance, consistency, and question-generation abilities of GPT-4o and Gemini Advanced in the Korean National Dental Licensing Examination (KNDLE). Materials and methods This study used 1,401 text-based KNDLE questions from 2019 to 2023 in Korean. Each model responded to the questions in three separate runs. Accuracy and consistency were compared with human answers. The models generated new questions in four subject areas and attempted to solve …

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Relationship Between Tooth Loss And Tongue Pressure And The Effectiveness Of Removable Denture For Older People Requiring Long-Term Care, Madoka Funahara, Yuki Sakamoto, Haruka Oyama, Sakiko Soutome Jan 2026

Relationship Between Tooth Loss And Tongue Pressure And The Effectiveness Of Removable Denture For Older People Requiring Long-Term Care, Madoka Funahara, Yuki Sakamoto, Haruka Oyama, Sakiko Soutome

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Aspiration pneumonia is a major health concern among older adults, particularly those requiring long-term care. It is often caused by silent aspiration of saliva-containing pathogenic bacteria and exacerbated by impaired oral and swallowing functions. Tongue pressure is a key factor in maintaining these functions, and its decline is associated with increased bacterial amount in the saliva and higher mortality. However, the relationship among tongue pressure, occlusal status, and prosthetic treatment in older individuals requiring care remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between tooth loss and decreased tongue pressure in older individuals requiring long-term care, and to …

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Bacterial Counts In Saliva Of Patients With Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: Cross-Sectional Research, Madoka Funahara, Akira Imakiire, Ryuichiro Funahara, Sakiko Soutome, Yuki Sakamoto, Masahiro Umeda Jan 2026

Bacterial Counts In Saliva Of Patients With Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: Cross-Sectional Research, Madoka Funahara, Akira Imakiire, Ryuichiro Funahara, Sakiko Soutome, Yuki Sakamoto, Masahiro Umeda

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Dysphagia in older adults requiring long-term care often necessitates nutritional management via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Although PEG effectively prevents food aspiration, it does not mitigate the risk of silent saliva aspiration, leaving patients vulnerable to aspiration pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bacterial count in the saliva of PEG users. Materials and methods This study included 13 PEG users and 13 oral feeders residing in a facility for individuals with disabilities. We investigated the participants’ age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, oral wetness, Oral Hygiene Index Debris Index (OHI-DI), Winkel Tongue Coating …

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Long Non-Coding Rna Pp7080 Enhances Cancer Stemness And Tumorigenic Features In Oral Cancer, Chih-Yu Peng, Yu-Wei Chiu, Chun-Chung Huang, Po-Hsuan Tang, Fang-Yu Chang, Yi-Wen Liao, Cheng-Chia Yu, Shih-Min Wang Jan 2026

Long Non-Coding Rna Pp7080 Enhances Cancer Stemness And Tumorigenic Features In Oral Cancer, Chih-Yu Peng, Yu-Wei Chiu, Chun-Chung Huang, Po-Hsuan Tang, Fang-Yu Chang, Yi-Wen Liao, Cheng-Chia Yu, Shih-Min Wang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Emerging evidence has shown that various failures in cancer therapy, such as drug resistance, metastasis, and cancer relapse are attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Also, growing attention has been paid to the regulation of non-coding RNAs in cancer stemness. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of lncRNA PP7080 on cancer stemness in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Materials and methods PP7080 expression was assessed in ALDH1+ and ALDH1- cells sorted from oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines using qRT-PCR. PP7080 was silenced in ALDH1+ SAS cells, and the effects on stemness characteristics, including ALDH1 activity, cell migration, colony …

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Metformin Alleviates The Progression Of Oral Submucous Fibrosis Through Downregulation Of Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (Malat1), Pei-Ling Hsieh, Fang-Yu Chang, Po-Hsuan Tang, Yi-Wen Liao, Cheng-Chia Yu, Chia-Ming Liu Jan 2026

Metformin Alleviates The Progression Of Oral Submucous Fibrosis Through Downregulation Of Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (Malat1), Pei-Ling Hsieh, Fang-Yu Chang, Po-Hsuan Tang, Yi-Wen Liao, Cheng-Chia Yu, Chia-Ming Liu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background /purpose: Emerging evidence demonstrates the anti-fibrotic properties of metformin, a first-line anti-diabetic drug; however, its inhibitory effects on oral fibrogenesis warrant further evaluation. Materials and methods The cytotoxic effects of metformin on normal and fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts (fBMFs) derived from OSF tissues were evaluated using the MTT assay. Collagen gel contraction, wound healing, and transwell migration assays were carried out to assess myofibroblast features. In addition, the expression levels of alpha-1 type I collagen (COL1A1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Smad2 were measured. Moreover, RNA sequencing was performed to explore potential targets participating in the anti-fibrotic effects of …

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Hard Tissue Barrier Detection In Permanent Mandibular Molars That Have Undergone Direct Pulp Capping And Partial Pulpotomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Boonchanit Nophachatsathid, Papimon Chompu-Inwai, Chanika Manmontri, Nattakan Chaipattanawan, Areerat Nirunsittirat, Phichayut Phinyo Jan 2026

Hard Tissue Barrier Detection In Permanent Mandibular Molars That Have Undergone Direct Pulp Capping And Partial Pulpotomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Boonchanit Nophachatsathid, Papimon Chompu-Inwai, Chanika Manmontri, Nattakan Chaipattanawan, Areerat Nirunsittirat, Phichayut Phinyo

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose The presence of a hard tissue barrier (HTB) is commonly considered as a reliable indicator of a successful vital pulp therapy (VPT). This study therefore aimed to evaluate the probability of HTB detection over time, identify factors affecting HTB detection, and compare the mean time of HTB detection across subgroups. Materials and methods This retrospective cohort study included permanent mandibular molars that had undergone VPT. The examiners detected the HTB by comparing the follow-up with the immediate postoperative bitewing radiographs. A flexible parametric survival analysis was conducted to assess the probability of HTB detection over time and its associated …

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Trimethyl Chitosan: Antibacterial Activity On Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm And Cytocompatibility On Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Cells, Raras Ajeng Enggardipta, Minato Akizuki, Mika Bando, Yuji Inagaki, Kazumitsu Sekine, Kenichi Hamada, Tomoko Sumitomo, Kanta Sato, Hiromichi Yumoto Jan 2026

Trimethyl Chitosan: Antibacterial Activity On Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm And Cytocompatibility On Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Cells, Raras Ajeng Enggardipta, Minato Akizuki, Mika Bando, Yuji Inagaki, Kazumitsu Sekine, Kenichi Hamada, Tomoko Sumitomo, Kanta Sato, Hiromichi Yumoto

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Effective disinfection of the root canal system remains a major challenge due to complex anatomy and the persistence of biofilm-forming bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis. Trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a quaternized chitosan derivative, has shown promising antimicrobial properties but has not been extensively studied for endodontic use. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of TMC against E. faecalis and assess its cytocompatibility with human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs). Materials and methods The E. faecalis biofilm formation in the presence of TMC and antibacterial activity of TMC against mature E. faecalis biofilms were evaluated using crystal violet …

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The Radioresistance Of Clinically Relevant Radioresistant Cell-Derived Tumors Is Determined By The Cancer Cells Themselves, Rather Than By The Surrounding Stromal Cells, Yoshikazu Kuwahara, Kazuo Tomita, Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar, Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh, Tomoaki Sato, Akihiro Kurimasa Jan 2026

The Radioresistance Of Clinically Relevant Radioresistant Cell-Derived Tumors Is Determined By The Cancer Cells Themselves, Rather Than By The Surrounding Stromal Cells, Yoshikazu Kuwahara, Kazuo Tomita, Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar, Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh, Tomoaki Sato, Akihiro Kurimasa

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose We established clinically relevant radioresistant (CRR) cell lines, which proliferate after exposure to 2 Gy/day of X-rays with the same genomic background as the parental cell lines from SAS cells, a cell line derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we tried to analyze whether the radioresistance of the tumor is defined by the stromal cells or the cancer cells using the CRR cells. Materials and methods We transplanted parental and CRR cells into nude mice. The effects of 2 Gy/day fractionated radiation (FR) on the tumors were observed for 30 days. We measured tumor size, nuclear …

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Simultaneous Labial And Lingual Augmented Corticotomy Increase Periodontal Hard And Soft Tissues In 10 Skeletal Class Ii Patients – A Preliminary Study, Xiaochi Chang, Yi Feng, Cheng Lin, Chang Shu, Yichong Sun, Youmin Mei, Jianxia Hou Jan 2026

Simultaneous Labial And Lingual Augmented Corticotomy Increase Periodontal Hard And Soft Tissues In 10 Skeletal Class Ii Patients – A Preliminary Study, Xiaochi Chang, Yi Feng, Cheng Lin, Chang Shu, Yichong Sun, Youmin Mei, Jianxia Hou

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose During pre-orthognathic orthodontic procedures in skeletal Class II patients, mandibular anterior tooth retraction could cause depletion of periodontal tissues on the labial and lingual sides. This study aimed to assess the changes in alveolar bone thickness, gingival thickness and keratinized gingiva width of the mandibular anterior teeth after labial and lingual augmented corticotomy (LLAC). Materials and methods 10 patients suffering from skeletal Class II malocclusion undergoing orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment were included and LLAC was performed on their mandibular anterior teeth at the same time. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed at preoperatively (T0), 14 days postoperatively (Ts), and 6 …

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Effects Of Ovariectomy Of Rat On Tongue Neuropathy: Relevance To Burning Mouth Syndrome, Momoyo Kobayashi, Akiko Okada-Ogawa, Yoshiki Imamura, Hirotaka Shinozuka, Noboru Noma, Koichi Iwata, Masamichi Shinoda Jan 2026

Effects Of Ovariectomy Of Rat On Tongue Neuropathy: Relevance To Burning Mouth Syndrome, Momoyo Kobayashi, Akiko Okada-Ogawa, Yoshiki Imamura, Hirotaka Shinozuka, Noboru Noma, Koichi Iwata, Masamichi Shinoda

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is common in postmenopausal women, indicating that sex hormones are involved in disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that the decreased nerve innervation of the papillae of the tongue may be related to neuropathic pain conditions in BMS. However, it remains unknown whether sex hormones contribute to changes in the nerve fiber density in the tongues of patients with BMS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine changes in pain intensity and nerve fiber density in the tongue of ovariectomized (OVX) rats subjected to surgical menopause to elucidate one aspect of the mechanism …

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Zoledronate Enhances Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation Via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Upregulation, Kanan Bando, Yasuo Endo Jan 2026

Zoledronate Enhances Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation Via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Upregulation, Kanan Bando, Yasuo Endo

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/Purpose Bisphosphonates (BPs) are commonly used to treat osteoporosis and bone metastases, but their use is associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), a condition characterized by chronic inflammation and impaired healing. Since bacterial infection is a major risk factor for BRONJ, this study investigated whether zoledronate (Zol), a nitrogen-containing BP, modulates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and enhances lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Materials and methods Zol or other BPs were injected into the ear pinnae of mice. Five days later, tissues were harvested and analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA to assess TLR4 expression and cytokine production. TLR4 expression …

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Clinical Decision Support Of Advanced Large Language Models In Endodontic Disease, Jiahe Li, Xian He, Yong Wang, Yanan Liu, Jie Liu, Mingxiao Liu, Tianyu Huang, Zeyu Huang Jan 2026

Clinical Decision Support Of Advanced Large Language Models In Endodontic Disease, Jiahe Li, Xian He, Yong Wang, Yanan Liu, Jie Liu, Mingxiao Liu, Tianyu Huang, Zeyu Huang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Large language models (LLMs) exhibit significant potential for clinical decision support, yet their application in endodontic disease remains underexplored. Materials and methods This study assessed the decision-making capabilities of three advanced LLMs (GPT-4o, Claude 3.5, and Grok2) in specialized endodontic contexts. A question bank of 421 multiple-choice questions was constructed across 27 core endodontic topics, including theory, procedures, and 35 complex cases. The three LLMs were tested using standardized prompts, with performance evaluated via topic-stratified accuracy analysis. Results Claude 3.5 achieved the highest overall accuracy (73.39 %), followed by Grok2 (66.27 %) and GPT-4o (46.32 %). Grok2 excelled in …

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Analysis Of Multimodal Large Language Models On Visually-Based Questions In The Japanese National Examination For Dental Hygienists: A Preliminary Comparative Study, Yoshino Kaneyasu, Yuichi Mine, Yoshie Niitani, Tsuyoshi Taji, Saori Takeda, Ryohei Tokinaga, Hideo Shigeishi, Toshinobu Takemoto, Naoya Kakimoto, Takeshi Murayama, Kouji Ohta Jan 2026

Analysis Of Multimodal Large Language Models On Visually-Based Questions In The Japanese National Examination For Dental Hygienists: A Preliminary Comparative Study, Yoshino Kaneyasu, Yuichi Mine, Yoshie Niitani, Tsuyoshi Taji, Saori Takeda, Ryohei Tokinaga, Hideo Shigeishi, Toshinobu Takemoto, Naoya Kakimoto, Takeshi Murayama, Kouji Ohta

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose The importance of oral health is globally recognized, which has increased the demand for qualified dental hygienists. This study assessed the performance of multimodal large language models (LLMs), on the Japanese National Examination for Dental Hygienists, focusing on their ability to answer visually-based questions and evaluating image-recognition capabilities. Materials and methods The 34th Japanese National Examination for Dental Hygienists (March 2025) supplied 213 multiple-choice questions (74 text-only, 139 visually-based). Five multimodal LLMs were tested: OpenAI o3-mini-high (o3-mh), ChatGPT-4.5 Preview (GPT-4.5), Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking Experimental (Gemini 2.0), Gemini 2.5 Pro Experimental (Gemini 2.5), and Claude 3.7 Sonnet (Claude 3.7). …

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Moderate Heating Of Waterline Improves Dental Unit Water Quality By Activating Bactericidal Properties Of Tap Water, Kunihiro Fushimi, Masahiro Yamada, Jun Watanabe, Jumpei Washio, Nobuhiro Takahashi, Hiroshi Egusa Jan 2026

Moderate Heating Of Waterline Improves Dental Unit Water Quality By Activating Bactericidal Properties Of Tap Water, Kunihiro Fushimi, Masahiro Yamada, Jun Watanabe, Jumpei Washio, Nobuhiro Takahashi, Hiroshi Egusa

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Daily flushing of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) with fresh tap water for an adequate duration each morning before dental procedures is essential to prevent healthcare-associated infections. However, the bacterial reduction achieved by flushing alone is often temporary and may be insufficient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the management practices of clinically used DUWLs and identify effective measures for improving water quality. Materials and methods The bactericidal free residual chlorine concentration (FRCC) and heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) in air turbine handpiece DUWLs with or without chemical disinfectants and/or heating apparatus were evaluated before and after flushing, based …

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Ferritin Promotes Monocyte Osteoclastogenic Differentiation To Aggravate Alveolar Bone Resorption In Periodontitis, Wenxue Huang, Jie Zhang, Menglong Hu, Zhaoguo Yue, Ye Han, Xiaochi Chang, Jianxia Hou Jan 2026

Ferritin Promotes Monocyte Osteoclastogenic Differentiation To Aggravate Alveolar Bone Resorption In Periodontitis, Wenxue Huang, Jie Zhang, Menglong Hu, Zhaoguo Yue, Ye Han, Xiaochi Chang, Jianxia Hou

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis critically impairs masticatory function and tooth stability, yet the mechanistic drivers linking immune dysregulation to osteolytic pathology remain incompletely characterized. This study elucidates how ferritin-an inflammation responsive iron chaperone secreted by activated monocytes-orchestrates monocyte-to-osteoclast differentiation to exacerbate bone destruction in periodontitis. Materials and methods Using a multidisciplinary approach, we combined: Immunohistochemical profiling of cluster of differentiation 68-positive (CD68+) cells and cluster of differentiation 4-positive (CD4+) cells in human periodontal tissues (periodontitis vs. healthy controls); Murine experimental periodontitis induced by maxillary molar ligation (8-week model); In vitro mechanistic studies where THP-1 monocytes (human acute monocytic …

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Correlation Between Dental Amalgam Fillings And Urinary Mercury Levels In The Jordanian Population: A Comparative Population-Based Study, Ibrahim Al-Odat, Saad Al-Fawaeir, Naser Odat Jan 2026

Correlation Between Dental Amalgam Fillings And Urinary Mercury Levels In The Jordanian Population: A Comparative Population-Based Study, Ibrahim Al-Odat, Saad Al-Fawaeir, Naser Odat

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose The health risks of mercury-containing dental amalgam fillings remain controversial. Urinary mercury levels are used as a tool to assess mercury exposure toxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of dental amalgam fillings on urinary mercury levels in the Jordanian population. Materials and methods This study recruited an experimental group of 108 participants with dental amalgam fillings and control group of 109 participants without dental amalgam fillings. Urinary mercury levels were measured and compared between the two groups. Results The results showed a statistically significant increase in urinary mercury concentration in participants with dental amalgam fillings compared …

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The Roles Of Cd24-Sec14 Like Lipid Binding 2 (Sec14l2) Axis In The Neoplastic Progression Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Shi-Rou Chang, Chung-Hsien Chou, Chung-Ji Liu, Kuo-Wei Chang, Jian-Hua Pan, Sheng-Lin Yen, Shu-Chun Lin Jan 2026

The Roles Of Cd24-Sec14 Like Lipid Binding 2 (Sec14l2) Axis In The Neoplastic Progression Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Shi-Rou Chang, Chung-Hsien Chou, Chung-Ji Liu, Kuo-Wei Chang, Jian-Hua Pan, Sheng-Lin Yen, Shu-Chun Lin

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Immune stimulation or escape are critical factors determining the survival of malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and head and neck SCC (HNSCC). CD24 (CD24A in mice) is a glycoprotein anchored to cell membranes, modulating macrophages' immune responses, cell interaction, tumorigenesis, and stemness. However, its roles in the OSCC pathogenesis are still controversial. The modulation of CD24 on the oncogenicity and immunity of OSCC were investigated in this study. Materials and methods Knockdown approaches and the establishment of stable tet-off CD24 expression cell subclones were used in cell and mouse models for phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis. Bioinformatic assessments …

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Validation Of The Vietnamese Version Of The Patient's Denture Assessment Questionnaire In Complete Denture Wearers, Trang Ngoc Huyen Bui, Yang-Che Wu, Chien-Fu Tseng, Thi Thuy Tien Vo, Van Thi Thao Nguyen, Yuriko Komagamine, Manabu Kanazawa, Chi-Fen Chang, I-Ta Lee, Pao-Chang Chiang Jan 2026

Validation Of The Vietnamese Version Of The Patient's Denture Assessment Questionnaire In Complete Denture Wearers, Trang Ngoc Huyen Bui, Yang-Che Wu, Chien-Fu Tseng, Thi Thuy Tien Vo, Van Thi Thao Nguyen, Yuriko Komagamine, Manabu Kanazawa, Chi-Fen Chang, I-Ta Lee, Pao-Chang Chiang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose The patient's denture assessment (PDA) is a standardized self-reported questionnaire developed in Japan to evaluate patient satisfaction with complete dentures. Although it has been validated in multiple languages, no validated version existed for the Vietnamese population. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Vietnamese version of the PDA (PDA-V) in a clinical sample of complete denture wearers. Materials and methods A cross-sectional validation study was conducted with 200 complete denture wearers in a public dental hospital in Vietnam. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subsample of 120 participants after …

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Zygomatic Fracture Characteristics And Their Association With Brain Injury: Evidences From A 10-Year Retrospective Study In Northern Taiwan, Wei-Che Tai, Chen-Yin Yong, Sam Li-Sheng Chen, Yoichi Ohiro, Chih-Yuan Fang Jan 2026

Zygomatic Fracture Characteristics And Their Association With Brain Injury: Evidences From A 10-Year Retrospective Study In Northern Taiwan, Wei-Che Tai, Chen-Yin Yong, Sam Li-Sheng Chen, Yoichi Ohiro, Chih-Yuan Fang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Few studies have systematically examined the relationship between zygomatic fracture patterns or patient demographics and head injury. This study investigates the epidemiology of zygomatic fractures, their association with brain injury, and the influence of patient age, focusing on fracture classification and injury mechanisms. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of 272 patients with zygomatic fractures treated between 2012 and 2021 at a medical center in northern Taiwan was conducted. Fractures were classified using the Zingg system. Clinical data including age, injury etiology, concomitant injuries, and brain injury were analyzed. Statistical methods included chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple logistic …

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A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Morphometric Comparison Of Mandibular Molars Between Han Chinese And Malays, Jacob John, Wei Cheong Ngeow, Ting-Chun Shen, Lih-Jyh Fuh, Phrabhakaran Nambiar, Yen-Wen Shen, Jui-Ting Hsu Jan 2026

A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Morphometric Comparison Of Mandibular Molars Between Han Chinese And Malays, Jacob John, Wei Cheong Ngeow, Ting-Chun Shen, Lih-Jyh Fuh, Phrabhakaran Nambiar, Yen-Wen Shen, Jui-Ting Hsu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Variations in tooth and mandibular morphometry exist among ethnic groups and may have clinical and anthropological implications. This study compared the tooth length and root-to-crown ratio (RCR) of mandibular first (M1) and second (M2) molars in Han Chinese and Malays, and assessed the root length relative to mandibular height (Root-Mandible Ratio @ R: Mand). Materials and methods One hundred twenty-one cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were included. Relevant measurements were made using the CBCT software to obtain anatomical and clinical crown and root lengths. The measurements of the mesial and distal roots were averaged and used to calculate the …

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