Digital Commons Network^™

Editorial: Harnessing Of Soil Microbiome For Sustainable Agriculture: Harnessing Of Soil Microbiome For Sustainable Agriculture, Debasis Mitra, Marika Pellegrini, Leonard Koolman

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

No abstract provided.

Exploration Of Best Practice Of Market Surveillance And Type Approval Of Internal Combustion Engines Emissions For Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Examine_Nrmm), Rita Hagan, Eoin Mcgillicuddy, Aoife Donnelly

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

This study examines market surveillance methods for engines in non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) in selected European Union (EU) Member States and the UK, to inform the development of an Irish NRMM market surveillance process in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2016/1628. The research found NRMM market surveillance approaches vary across Europe, with no uniform market surveillance strategy in place. Some countries, including Ireland, are currently developing an approach, while other countries have no set process in place. In countries, with an existing strategy, the process can be proactive, reactive or a combination of both.Findings highlight opportunities for Ireland to design a …

Diffusion-Enhanced Nat-Bart Vision Language Transformer For Unified Urdu Word Recognition, Wahid Hussain, Shahbaz Hassan, Isma Ul Hassan, Ahmad Raza Shahid, Asif Naeem, Muhammad Usman Yaseen, Nouman Ashraf

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Handwritten Urdu text recognition remains a very challenging problem due to the cursive and complex nature of the Nastaliq script. Each writer has a unique style, and there is a severe lack of large, well-labeled datasets. These challenges make Urdu text recognition much harder than for many other languages. Here we propose a novel and effective approach for handwritten Urdu word recognition that addresses both data scarcity and feature complexity. We utilized conditional diffusion models to generate synthetic handwritten Urdu word images. These models produce realistic word samples covering a wide range of variations, such as stroke thickness, curves, and …

Influence Of Beamwidth, Gain Stability, And Antenna Element Spacing On Aoa Accuracy In Ieee 802.15.4z Uwb Systems, Hossein Raghib Hokmabadi, Wasi Ur Rehman Khan, Patrick Mcevoy, Max James Ammann

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Precision is a crucial requirement in indoor localization, and the industrial sector increasingly demands technologies that provide both high accuracy and low cost. This work presents a hardware-based evaluation of dual-antenna arrays using an IEEE 802.15.4z-compliant UWB angle of arrival (AoA) development kit to assess antenna performance in terms of phase difference of arrival (PDoA)/AoA linearity. Four antenna types: 1) printed monopole; 2) CPW-fed slot; 3) stacked dielectric resonator antenna (DRA); and 4) dual-layer microstrip patch are evaluated on channels 5 and 9, with measurements performed in a calibrated anechoic chamber under controlled conditions. The results show that wide beamwidth …

From Platelets To Particles: Optimizing Extracellular Vesicle Isolation In A National Blood Centre, Y. Chintala, A. Waters, F. Mcgrath, A. Lorusso, C. Wynne, S. Meaney

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Background and Objectives: Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are submicron, membrane-bound particles released upon platelet activation, with a recognized role in haemostasis, inflammation and immunoregulation. PEVs remain insufficiently characterized in blood products. This study compared four isolation methods to evaluate their impact on PEV yield, purity and characteristics, aiming to identify a practical approach for transfusion service workflows. Materials and Methods: PEVs were isolated from expired single-donor aphaeresis platelet concentrates (n = 12) using methods based on different isolation principles: ultracentrifugation (UC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), mixed size/charge separation (hybrid) and an affinity-based spin column method (affinity). Size, number and biochemical …

Modeling The Impact Of Proton Irradiation On Photoluminescence Spectra Of Perovskite Solar Cells, Ming Lang Tseng, Nima Ghadiri

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

This study presents a comprehensive modeling approach to assess the impact of proton-irradiation on the photoluminescence (PL) response and current–voltage (JV) characteristics of CsMAFAPbI₃/P3HT-based perovskite solar cell validated against experimental data reported in literature. Proton irradiation generates displacement damage across the cell structure most critically within the perovskite bulk where the defect density increases approximately linearly with increased fluence and decreases for high proton energies due to reduced non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL) at higher energies. To capture the optical degradation behavior, Time-Resolved PL transient (TRPL) and PL spectra were modeled using a fluence- and energy-dependent Kohlrausch model (stretched-exponential) …

Mitigating Interruptions In Digital Reading: Strategic Pauses And Note-Taking For Enhanced Cognitive Performance, Naile Hacioglu, Maria Chiara Leva, Nakyung Kim, Hyowon Lee

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

This study investigates how structured interventions—specifically pausing at natural breakpoints and guided note-taking—affect cognitive performance, memory retention, and task continuity in digital reading. We introduce SmartPause, a context-aware bookmarking system that nudges users to pause at meaningful points and externalise insights through lightweight notes. In a controlled experiment (N = 51), participants were assigned to one of three conditions: (1) interruption at an arbitrary point, (2) guided pause at a natural breakpoint, or (3) guided pause with note-taking. Results reveal that guided pauses, particularly when combined with note-taking, significantly enhance long-term memory retention while having no measurable impact on perceived …

Dc - Pure Test2 Researchoutput, Frances Madden

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

No abstract provided.

A Simplified Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation Of Internal Duct As A Passive Aerodynamic Solution For Electric Trucks, Omar K. Omar, Ahmad Abu Shanab, Mohammad Tarawneh, Sara Hawarneh, Dr Hani Alkhatib

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Aerodynamic drag is a dominant factor affecting the efficiency and driving range of electric trucks, especially at high speeds. Although previous studies have mainly focused on external drag-reduction devices, internal airflow control strategies such as integrated ducts have received limited attention. This study addresses that gap by analyzing how placing an internal duct in the truck body affects drag and power efficiency. A simplified two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was employed using ANSYS Fluent to evaluate and compare a baseline truck model and a modified configuration featuring a central internal duct. The simulations assessed the drag coefficient, drag force, …

Developing Forensic Entomology Practice In Ireland: Case Applications And Operational Considerations, Claudio Tersaruolo, Yiyang Sun, Sally Anne Collis, Jesus Maria Frias, Linda Mulligan, Orla Howe

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Forensic entomology is valuable in legal investigations for estimating the minimum post-mortem interval (minPMI) by insect species and their lifecycles on decomposing remains. While forensic entomology is well established in central-northern Europe and the UK, it has been rarely practiced in Ireland due to a lack of demand and practical expertise. Office of the State Pathologist (OSP) provides the national forensic pathology service; however specialised forensic entomology services are outsourced and instructed on a case-by-case basis. A collaboration was established between the OSP, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin) and University of Strathclyde over the past two years. This collaboration enabled …

Understanding The Epigenetic Landscape Of Barrett's Esophagus And Esophageal Cancer: A Review Of Current Findings, Caveats And Future Directions, Louise Lawless, Trevor Doherty, Carla Surlis, Niamh Gilmartin, Therese M. Murphy

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Esophageal cancer (OC) is currently the eighth most common form of cancer worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of 10%–20%, with the primary risk factor of esophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) being the development of Barrett's Esophagus (BO). Despite its clinical significance, the molecular pathogenesis underlying both BO and OC is not well understood. In recent years, epigenetic dysregulation, particularly aberrant DNA methylation, has emerged as a critical area of investigation, given its potential utility in the identification of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. This review examines the evolving epigenetic landscape of esophageal cancer, including a focus on its origins in BO …

A Comparative Analysis Of The Efficacy, Safety And Mechanism Of Action Of Flebogamma Dif, Fostamatinib And Romiplostim In Immune Thrombocytopenia, Mary Akinyemi, Kamna Ravi, Furong Tian, Baljit Singh

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by immune-mediated platelet destruction, resulting in a platelet count below 100 × 10⁹/L and an increased risk of bleeding complications that significantly impair quality of life. Despite advances in ITP management, the unpredictable and heterogeneous nature of the disease continues to challenge treatment selection. This review compares the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of Fostamatinib, Flebogamma DIF, and Romiplostim in adult and pediatric ITP patients. Peer-reviewed studies published over the past 20 years, including randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, observational studies, and real-world evidence, were screened for relevance, with …

Health And Environmental Consequences Of Blue Light Exposure And Mitigation Strategies: A Review, Dr Hani Alkhatib, Brian Norton

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Blue light is a natural component of the visible spectrum that has a fundamental role in regulating circadian rhythms, visual performance, mood, and daytime alertness. In modern environments, however, exposure patterns have shifted due to widespread use of artificial lighting and digital devices. Artificial blue light exposure can be mistimed relative to the biological night. This literature review examines the consequences of inappropriately timed artificial blue light exposure. Specifically, the review covers: (i) the spectral biology of blue light and its role in circadian entrainment; (ii) the timing-, intensity-, and duration-dependent effects on human sleep, ocular health, mood, and metabolic …

Water-Efficient Concrete Curing Using Sap-Infused Nonwoven Blankets: Material Screening And Performance Evaluation, Feras Kafiah, Omar K. Omar, Dr Hani Alkhatib

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Concrete curing under hot-weather exposure requires sustained surface moisture while minimizing repeated waterapplication. This study develops and evaluates a two-layer external curing blanket comprising a polyethylene (PE) top sheetand a superabsorbent polymer (SAP)-infused needle-punched nonwoven polyester layer. Ten PE sheets, three sodiumpolyacrylate SAP grades, and three nonwoven fabrics were screened sequentially according to optical transmittance, SAPmorphology and absorption behavior, fabric absorptivity, SAP-fiber integration, and qualitative seven-day surface-wetnessobservations. The selected configuration (S7 PE/SAP 3/GT-80) was then demonstrated using a 1 × 2 m2 outdoor prototypeand compared with conventional wet burlap curing. The blanket-cured concrete produced a numerical mean core strengthof 36.5 …

Shining Light On Infection Control: Tio2–Graphene Hybrids As Next-Gen Germicidal Platforms, Mirela Petruta Suchea, Petronela Pascariu, Ioan Valentin Tudose, Maria Orfanou, George Kenanakis, Emmanouel Koudoumas, Stefan Bucur, Ryan Walden, Keerthi M. Nair, Christopher Golden, Mary Heneghan, Suresh C. Pillai, Finn Purcell-Milton, Declan Mccormack

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

The development of next-generation germicidal platforms is a critical response to rising microbial resistance and the global demand for sustainable disinfection technologies. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of hybrid materials based on pure and doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and graphene, focusing on their synergistic potential for enhanced germicidal applications. The paper begins with a brief overview of the structural, optical, and electronic properties of TiO₂ and graphene relevant to photocatalysis and antimicrobial activity. Recent advances in TiO₂ bandgap engineering-via doping and nanostructuring-are discussed in connection with improved UV and visible light–driven photocatalytic performance. In parallel, …

Human-Centered Evaluation Of Control And Perception Interface Factors In A Teleoperational Cutting Task, Inês F. Ramos, Keerthi Sagar, Philip Long, Maria Chiara Leva, Ernesto Damiani, Gabriele Gianini

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Despite significant advances in teleoperated systems, optimal human performance remains a challenging task due to one key aspect, i.e. reduced situational awareness. Active telepresence is one of the major contributing factors affecting operator’s situational awareness. Providing the user with multiple perspectives of the remote environment can be very beneficial, although it may also introduce challenges in maintaining effective control. Prior work has largely examined discrete manipulation tasks using single-modality assessments, whereas this study applies a multimodal neuroergonomic approach to a continuous precision-cutting task, providing first insights into control–view alignment and multi-camera perception effects. In this work, we focus on two …

Valorisation Of Barley Straw For Sustainable Nanocellulose Production Via Subcritical Alkaline Hydrolysis And Hdes-Assisted Processing, Dileswar Pradhan, Swarna Jaiswal, Brijesh K. Tiwari, Amit K. Jaiswal

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

This study investigates a sustainable and efficient approach to valorising barley straw by producing nanocellulose via an integrated subcritical alkaline hydrolysis and HDES-assisted processing pathway. Subcritical alkaline pretreatment under best processing conditions (150 bar, 200 °C, 125 min) enabled effective biomass fractionation, achieving average hemicellulose and lignin solubilisation of 57.72% and 82.69%, respectively. Subsequent purification of the pretreated solid fraction yielded cellulose fibres with an average cellulose yield of 41.97% and a purity of 87.87%. Nanocellulose was then obtained using a sequential HDES treatment followed by high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS), producing a sample (NC-BTW-3) in which 66% of particles exhibited diameters …

Acid-Mediated Extraction Of Gelatine From Chicken By-Products: Impact On Yield, Molecular Characteristics, And Structural-Thermal Properties, Omaima Aidat, Mohamad Khairi Zainol, Ilham Ben Amor, Zamzahaila Mohd Zin, Humam Shaaban Barhoum, Huda Alsaeedi, Mikhael Bechelany, Ahmed Barhoum

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Despite the growing interest in utilizing poultry processing by-products as sustainable sources of gelatine, the influence of extraction conditions on gelatine quality, structure, and functionality remains insufficiently understood. This study investigated the effect of acetic acid concentration on the yield, molecular characteristics, and structural-thermal properties of gelatin extracted from chicken feet and heads. Gelatine was extracted using 3 v/v% (CBBG3) and 5 v/v% (CBBG5) acetic acid. CBBG5 produced a higher extraction yield (13.2%) than CBBG3 (10.49%), indicating enhanced collagen solubilization at higher acid concentration. However, CBBG5 also showed higher ash content (4.45 w/w% vs. 2.40 w/w%) and more pronounced yellow-green …

Functional Properties, Health Benefits, And Biotechnological Applications Of The Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus): A Comprehensive Review, Koushiki Mukherjee, Sandeep Kumar Panda, Ishita Samanta, Luna Goswami, Pooja Jha Maity, Shalini Kaushik Love, Raju Sasikumar, Gopal Chowdhary, Selva Kumar T, Amit K. Jaiswal

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Pleurotus ostreatus , commonly known as the “multi-purpose mushroom,” is an edible fungus distinguished by its unique convergence of nutritional, medicinal, and environmental attributes. In recent years, it has emerged as one of the most extensively studied and widely cultivated mushroom species, owing to its broad substrate adaptability and low input requirements. This review consolidates current knowledge of its nutritional composition and phytochemical profile, emphasising a diverse array of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-arthritic, and antiviral activities. The species is increasingly recognised as a functional food and a sustainable reservoir of bioactive molecules with significant potential for …

Inorganic Nanoparticle-Bacteria Interaction Systems: Mechanistic, Functional And Agricultural Applications, Gouri Nilakshika Atapattu, Michelle Giltrap, Furong Tian

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

BackgroundInorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are capable of interacting with bacteria. Due to this interaction, the cell exterior and interior of bacteria maybe altered. As a result, bacterial growth inhibition might occur due to the antimicrobial properties exerted by inorganic nanoparticles. Inorganic nanomaterials with antimicrobial activity have been discussed within the literature under the food, pharmaceutical, biomedicine and agriculture sectors. Currently, nanoparticle-mediated control of plant bacterial pathogens is advancing in agriculture.AimThis review aims to highlight the potential of bacteria-inorganic nanoparticle systems in agriculture and how they may yield agricultural benefits beyond antimicrobial activity.MethodsWe analysed literature published between 2020 and 2024 on how …

Multifunctional Nanomaterials Coupled With Ai-Based Optimization For Advanced Wastewater Treatment, Ananya Tiwari, Isha Dharsandia, Shreedhar Tiwari, Gajendra Singh Vishwakarma, Budhi Sagar Tiwari, Narendra Kumar, Amit K. Jaiswal

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Conventional wastewater treatment performs reliably against routine contaminants but remains inconsistent for complex industrial effluents and for emerging pollutants such as pharmaceutical residues, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and micro/nano plastics. Engineered nanomaterials and artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) have each been reviewed extensively, but predominantly in isolation. The present review is distinguished from existing reviews in three specific respects. First, the nanomaterial-AI interface is treated as the unit of analysis rather than the two fields being surveyed in parallel: AI-guided material selection, dosing and pH control, membrane fouling prediction, nano sensor-assisted monitoring and regeneration scheduling are examined together. Second, evidence …

Transient Nanomaterials And Stimuli-Driven Transformation Pathways For Clean Energy Applications And Environmental Remediation, Mrinal, Navya Vikraman Nair, Lovepreet Singh, Harshita Jain, Krishna Kumar Jaiswal, Amit K. Jaiswal

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

The growing use of nanomaterials in clean energy and remediation has led to unintended consequences, including long-term persistence, secondary contamination, and accumulation in the natural environment. Traditional materials design has focused on stability and durability, but those qualities could be liabilities if materials outlive their intended purpose. This study suggests using transient nanomaterials as a design paradigm, in which materials are engineered to perform optimally for a specific period of time and then undergo controlled transformation, deactivation, or disappearance. The review focuses on the conceptualization of transient nanomaterials and how they may be distinguished from degradable, recyclable, and stimuli-responsive materials. …

Biogenic Chitosan-Encapsulated Cu/Zno Nanocomposite Surface Coating Inhibits Mdr Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm Establishment On Orthopedic Implants, Bushra Uzair, Zukhra Abbasi, Fehmida Fasim, Shoaib Alam, Apori Samuel Obeng, Furong Tian

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Orthopedic implant-associated infections (IAIs), predominantly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, represent a major clinical challenge due to antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation, which together contribute to their chronic nature. This research presents a biogenic biofilm-resistant chitosan encapsulated Cu/ZnO nanocoating (CS-Cu/ZnO NC) synthesized using Euphorbia thymofolia metabolites and applied on orthopedic implant surface (Tubular bone locked stainless steel plates). The synthesized CS-Cu/ZnO NCs were characterized physicochemically (UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM) and biologically (antibacterial, antibiofilm, antivirulence, hemolysis and cytotoxicity). Microstructural analysis using UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the successful synthesis, crystallinity …

Assessment Of Allergenic Potential For Cross‐Reactivity Of Olive (Olea Europaea) Pit Xylo‐Oligosaccharide‐Rich Extract With Legislated Allergens In The European Union, Maame Ekua Manful, Joseph O'Shea, Antía Torres, Paz Otero, Catherine Barry-Ryan

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Novel food sources must undergo allergenicity assessments to ensure consumer safety and regulatory compliance. Xylo-oligosaccharide-rich extract (XOS) derived from the valorization of olive (Olea europaea) pit is categorized as a novel food in the context of European Union (EU) food laws. Despite the functional benefits of xylo-oligosaccharides such as prebiotic, gut modulation, and weight management being a well-established area, there is a lack of information on the allergenic potential of olive pit-derived XOS extract. The study aimed to evaluate the cross-reactivity of olive pit-derived XOS extract with other allergens through both in vitro and in silico approaches. In vitro cross-reactivity …

Finger Millet Extract Powder As A Sustainable Route To Enhanced Fermentation And Functional Quality In Cereal Food, Lavanya Manivannan, Ravikumar Rajarathinam, Raju Sasikumar, Amit K. Jaiswal

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), a climate-resilient cereal, offers a sustainable substrate for fermented foods. This study investigates the use of finger millet extract (FME) powder as a value-addition strategy in batter fermentation. Finger millet–black gram and FME powder with black gram blends were naturally fermented separately for 12 hours at a ratio of 3 : 1. In order to comprehend the impact of FME incorporation on fermentation performance and product quality, the study compared the physicochemical, biochemical, microbiological, and rheological characteristics of fermented finger millet (FM) batter with those of FME batter. FME incorporation hastened fermentation, reflected by steeper drops …

Agriculture Contributions To Water Pollution And Sustainable Policy Solutions In Europe, Jemma Nolan, Azza Silotry Naik

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Freshwater is essential for sustaining the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems; however, agricultural activities remain a major source of water pollution globally. This review examines how crop production, livestock farming, and aquaculture contribute to water contamination, the effectiveness of current European policies, and the potential of sustainable mitigation strategies. Evidence from the research identified pesticides, herbicides, veterinary antibiotics, nutrient runoff, aquaculture effluents, and microplastics as the primary agricultural pollutants affecting surface and groundwater quality. These contaminants have been linked to ecosystem degradation, biodiversity loss, endocrine disruption, antimicrobial resistance, and adverse human health outcomes. Despite extensive regulatory frameworks, including the …

A Multi-Method Study Evaluating The Inference Of Compartmental Model Parameters From A Generative Agent-Based Model, Elizabeth Hunter, Jim Duggan

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Calibrating process models such as compartmental SIR Models to real data can be performed using either optimization or Bayesian techniques. To accurately assess the performance of these methods, synthetic outbreak data can be used. All information about the data generative process is known for synthetic data, while when using real data there are many unknowns such as under-reporting of cases or real parameter values. We propose using an agent-based model to generate synthetic data. Calibrating to synthetic datasets created using different agent contact structures can provide us with information on how changes in contact structures impact SIR model parameters. We …

Inside Out: Improving Large Model Safety, Wei Zhao

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

While Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are at the frontier of current advancements in artificial intelligence, demonstrating remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, there are growing concerns about their reliability and security. LLMs remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks through carefully crafted prompts that circumvent safety mechanisms, while MLLMs face additional security challenges stemming from their multimodal nature. Despite considerable efforts in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) and supervised fine-tuning, existing safeguards have proven inadequate in addressing these critical vulnerabilities. This inadequacy stems from the fact that these models are inherently blackboxes that do not provide …

The Impact Of Corporate Mergers And Acquisitions On Performance From The Perspective Of Growth Pressure, Jiandong Wang

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Against the backdrop of economic volatility and intensified industry competition, firms generally face multidimensional growth pressures, including historical growth pressure, social growth pressure, and market competition pressure. Growth pressure is not only related to firms’ operational stability, but also profoundly influences their strategic choices, particularly merger and acquisition (M&A) behaviour.Grounded in performance feedback theory, this study constructs an integrated analytical framework encompassing growth pressure, M&A strategic decisions, and M&A performance, and systematically examines how different types of growth pressure affect firms’ M&A decisions, as well as how M&A performance varies across different firm characteristics and different types of M&A.

The …

A Comprehensive Review Of Cyber Security And Current Practices In Global Mining Critical Infrastructure, Abu Barkat Ullah, Wanli Ma, Mohiuddin Ahmed, Bazlur Rashid, Munir Ahmad Saeed, Omer Arshad, Utkarsh Raghav

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The purpose of the study is to explore the reasons behind the low uptake of Information Security Management Standards (ISMS), Asset Management, and Business Continuity Plans despite increasing cyber threats to the mining sector. Mining companies need to modernize and automate to keep up with the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’, driven by disruptive technology, forcing systems and technologies to become more integrated, increasing cyber attack threats. To address this, we conducted a literature review analyzing the mining industry across various regions. The research is based on a qualitative analysis of diversified literature. The results highlighted factors behind the low uptake of …