Digital Commons Network^™

Likelihood-Based Inference For Random Networks With Changepoints, Daniel Cirkovic, Tiandong Wang, Xianyang Zhang

Mathematical and Statistical Science Faculty Research and Publications

Generative, temporal network models play an important role in analyzing the dependence structure and evolution patterns of complex networks. Due to the complicated nature of real network data, it is often naive to assume that the underlying data-generative mechanism itself is invariant with time. Such observation leads to the study of changepoints or sudden shifts in the distributional structure of the evolving network. In this paper, we propose a likelihood-based methodology to detect changepoints in undirected, affine preferential attachment networks where, upon introduction, a new node selects one old to attach to with probability proportional to its degree. In particular, …

Sox11 Overexpression Restores Embryonic Pro-Growth Transcription In Mature Corticospinal Tract Neurons, Eliazbeth Batsel, Zimei Wang, Elizabeth Otten, Syed Roshan, Rabia Mohammad, Paula Pascual, Darby O'Shea, Jose Rosas, Pantelis Tsoulfas, Murray G. Blackmore

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) display a high capacity for axon growth during early development but lose this ability at a pivotal differentiation stage marked by synaptic maturation, circuit integration, and a profound shift in gene transcription. Once mature, most CNS neurons fail to reverse this transcriptional switch after axon injury, fundamentally constraining their intrinsic capacity for axon regeneration. Here, we show with single-nucleus RNA sequencing that forced expression of the transcription factor Sox11 in mature corticospinal tract (CST) neurons produces large-scale and stable changes in gene expression that are highly enriched for growth-relevant processes, and which strongly …

Efficient Preservation Of Old Methane-Derived Organic Carbon In Deep-Sea Surface Sediments, Rui Bao, Yangli Che, Mingzhi Liu, Naiyu Zhang, Yang Zhou, Lihua Dong, Shen Li, Owen A. Sherwood, Min Yu, Zongheng Chen, Shengxiong Yang, Nan Wang, Longhai Zhu, Jiawang Chen, Mutai Bao, Haoshuai Li, Luonan Chen, Weifeng Wu, Haiyue Ma, David J. Burdige

OES Faculty Publications

Methane released from the subseafloor is significantly attenuated during upward migration, yet the preservation of methane-derived organic carbon (OC) in global deep-sea sediments remains poorly understood. Here, we measured carbon isotopes coupled with temperature-ramped analyses on various methane seepage sediments. Our results reveal a correlation between the radiocarbon (¹⁴)C) content in deep-sea surface sediments and sulfate-methane transition depth. Notably, our findings suggest that a substantial amount of (¹⁴)C-depleted OC may originate from deep-seated methane and is efficiently preserved in surface seepage sediments. We propose that the efficient OC preservation is related to microbial-mediated aggregate formation at the seawater-sediment interface, where …

Differences In Sideerophore Production During The Growth Of Phytoplankton In Southern Ocean Incubation Experiments Under High- And Low-Iron Conditions, Randelle M. Bundy, Kristen N. Buck, Bethany D. Jenkins, P. Dreux Chappell, Daniel J. Repeta, Alexa Sterling, Shannon M. Yang, Laura Holland, Léo Mahieu, Laura E. Moore

OES Faculty Publications

Iron is an important micronutrient required by marine microorganisms. The Southern Ocean is an ecosystem where primary production is limited by the availability of iron, but how microorganisms in this region adapt to low-iron conditions or respond to episodic iron inputs is understudied. We tested how external iron additions would impact bacterial production of siderophores during phytoplankton growth using shipboard incubation experiments under a range of iron conditions. Similar heterotrophic bacteria communities and phytoplankton biomass were observed whether iron was added from the continental margin or as inorganic iron. Under both high- and low-iron conditions, the heterotrophic bacteria community remained …

Quantifying Uncertainty In Landscape Evolution And Provenance Analysis: Insights From Statistical And Numerical Modelling, Vivian Carmello Grom

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Landscape evolution models (LEMs) and detrital zircon provenance are widely used to investigate Earth surface processes, yet both face challenges related to quantifying model behavior and interpreting sedimentary signals under realistic, heterogeneous conditions. This thesis addresses these challenges through analysis and case studies that develop and apply new approaches for analyzing landscape dynamics and assessing uncertainties in sediment provenance.

Chapter 1 introduces a quantitative framework for evaluating LEM outputs using Shannon Entropy, Moran’s I, and Geary’s C. Applied to simulations with steady uplift, periodic uplift, spatially variable uplift, and a timeseries of DEMs, these metrics capture spatial organization and information …

Safeguarding Public Pensioner Standing After Thole, Evelyn L. Stein

Vanderbilt Law Review

Today, public American pension funds hold over $6 trillion dedicated to rewarding the labor and stabilizing the retirements of millions of employees. These funds are facing increased scrutiny as activists draw more awareness to controversial investment strategies, resulting in litigation by plaintiffs arguing funds inappropriately prioritize goals other than financial returns. Structurally, many public funds operate with a defined benefit (DB) model, meaning fund beneficiaries are guaranteed specific payouts based on factors such as years of service and age at retirement. Because of this DB model, such litigation has been stymied by the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Thole v. …

Justifying The Fourth Amendment, Daniel Epps

Vanderbilt Law Review

Why does the Fourth Amendment belong in the Constitution? This question is not whether society should impose some legal restraints on government searches and seizures. Rather, why should such protections reside in our national charter, superior to other forms of law and insulated from change via ordinary majoritarian political processes? Despite major disputes about the Fourth Amendment's content, Fourth Amendment theorists rarely ask this question. Almost all agree that the Fourth Amendment's constitutional protections are critically important-even if no one can agree exactly what those protections are.
This Article seeks a justification for the Fourth Amendment-the reason why search-and-seizure protections …

Estimating Sediment Properties Using A New Source Level Function For Wind-Driven Underwater Sound Derived From Long-Term Archival Data, S Bruce Martin, Martin Siderius

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Wind-driven breaking waves generate the background sound throughout the ocean. An accurate source level for wind-driven breaking waves is needed for estimating the ambient sound levels needed for sound exposure modeling, environmental assessments, and assessing the detection performance of sonars. Previous models applied a constant roll-off of sound levels at -16 dB/decade at all wind speeds, and these models' source levels were flat at frequencies below ∼1000 Hz due to a lack of measurements. Here, we analyzed 16 long-term archival datasets with limited anthropogenic sound sources to estimate the wind-driven source level down to 100 Hz. We estimated the site-specific …

Genome-Wide Gene-Sleep Interaction Study Identifies Novel Lipid Loci In 732,564 Participants, Raymond Noordam, Wenyi Wang, Pavithra Nagarajan, Heming Wang, Michael R Brown, Amy R Bentley, Qin Hui, Aldi T Kraja, John L Morrison, Jeffrey R O'Connel, Songmi Lee, Karen Schwander, Traci M Bartz, Lisa De Las Fuentes, Mary F Feitosa, Xiuqing Guo, Xu Hanfei, Sarah E Harris, Zhijie Huang, Mart Kals, Christophe Lefevre, Massimo Mangino, Yuri Milaneschi, Peter J Van Der Most, Natasha L Pacheco, Nicholette D Palmer, Varun Rao, Rainer Rauramaa, Quan Sun, Yasuharu Tabara, Dina Vojinovic, Yujie Wang, Stefan Weiss, Qian Yang, Wei Zhao, Wanying Zhu, Md Abu Yusuf Ansari, Hugues Aschard, Pramod Anugu, Themistocles L Assimes, John Attia, Laura D Baker, Christie Ballantyne, Lydia Bazzano, Eric Boerwinkle, Brain Cade, Hung-Hsin Chen, Wei Chen, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Zekai Chen, Kelly Cho, Ileana De Anda-Duran, Latchezar Dimitrov, Anh Do, Todd Edwards, Tariq Faquih, Aroon Hingorani, Susan P Fisher-Hoch, J Michael Gaziano, Sina A Gharib, Ayush Giri, Mohsen Ghanbari, Hans Jörgen Grabe, Mariaelisa Graff, C Charles Gu, Jiang He, Sami Heikkinen, James Hixson, Yuk-Lam Ho, Michelle M Hood, Serena C Houghton, Carrie A Karvonen-Gutierrez, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Tuomas O Kilpeläinen, Pirjo Komulainen, Henry J Lin, Gregorio V Linchangco, Annemarie I Luik, Jintao Ma, James B Meigs, Joseph B Mccormick, Cristina Menni, Ilja M Nolte, Jill M Norris, Lauren E Petty, Hannah G Polikowsky, Laura M Raffield, Stephen S Rich, Renata L Riha, Thomas C Russ, Edward A Ruiz-Narvaez, Colleen M Sitlani, Jennifer A Smith, Harold Snieder, Tamar Sofer, Botong Shen, Jingxian Tang, Kent D Taylor, Maris Teder-Laving, Rima Triatin, Michael Y Tsai, Henry Völzke, Kenneth E Westerman, Rui Xia, Jie Yao, Kristin L Young, Ruiyuan Zhang, Alan B Zonderman, Xiaofeng Zhu, Jennifer E Below, Simon R Cox, Michelle Evans, Myriam Fornage, Ervin R Fox, Nora Franceschini, Sioban D Harlow, Elizabeth Holliday, M Arfan Ikram, Tanika Kelly, Timo A Lakka, Deborah A Lawlor, Changwei Li, Ching-Ti Liu, Reedik Mägi, Alisa K Manning, Fumihiko Matsuda, Alanna C Morrison, Matthias Nauck, Kari E North, Brenda Wjh Penninx, Michael A Province, Bruce M Psaty, Jerome I Rotter, Tim D Spector, Lynne E Wagenknecht, Ko Willems Van Dijk, Lifelines Cohort Study, Million Veteran Program, Cashell E Jaquish, Peter Wf Wilson, Patricia A Peyser, Patricia B Munroe, Paul S De Vries, W James Gauderman, Yan V Sun, Han Chen, Clint L Miller, Thomas W Winkler, Dabeeru C Rao, Susan Redline, Diana Van Heemst

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background and aims: Deviations from the population mean in sleep duration have been associated with increased risk for developing dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the mechanism of effect is poorly characterized. We performed large-scale genome-wide gene-sleep interaction analyses of lipid levels to identify genetic variants underpinning the biomolecular pathways of sleep-associated lipid disturbances and to suggest possible druggable targets.

Methods: We collected data from 55 cohorts with a combined sample size of 732,564 participants (87 % European ancestry) with data on lipid traits (high-density lipoprotein [HDL-c] and low-density lipoprotein [LDL-c] cholesterol and triglycerides [TG]). Short (STST) and long (LTST) …

Limosilactobacillus Reuteri Alleviates Proinflammatory T-Cell-Mediated Liver Injury And Transcriptomic Changes In Immunocompromised Mice, Ana Fadhel Alvarez, Zheng Yin, Beanna Okeugo, Alexander Banerjee, Meng Luo, Christopher M Taylor, Salomea Giorgberidze, Vaishali Harne, Rambabu Majji, Melissa N Munroe, Ji Ho Suh, Stephen T C Wong, Kang Ho Kim, Hari Krishna Yalamanchili, Suhair Al Salihi, Jon Marc Rhoads, Yuying Liu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: A deficiency of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, as seen in scurfy (SF) mice or in IPEX syndrome in humans, can lead to multiorgan inflammation. Oral administration of the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSM) 17938 prolongs survival and reduces Th1- and Th2-associated inflammation in SF mice. It remains unclear how DSM 17938-educated SF-CD4+ T cells modulate T-cell-liver communication.

Methods: To characterize CD4+ T cells from SF mice orally administered DSM 17938 (Prob-SF-CD4+ T cells) and to compare them with CD4+ T cells from SF mice (SF-CD4+ T cells), cells isolated from SF spleens were …

Spatial Evolution In Temporal Dynamics Of Hemodynamic Response Function In Human Superior Colliculi With Ultra-High-Resolution Mri At 9.4t, Nooshin J Fesharaki, Artemy Vinogradov, David Ress, Jung Hwan Kim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The superior colliculus (SC) plays a crucial role in multisensory integration, visual information processing, saccadic target selection, visual selective attention, and decision making. In particular, the SC has a key role in oculomotor coordination, following a rostro-caudal organization. The rostral SC, which corresponds to foveal representation, is linked to fixation, microsaccades, smooth pursuit, and vergence adjustments. In contrast, the caudal SC, representing more peripheral visual field, is associated with the large gaze shifts (saccades). However, evidence regarding whether this functional gradient is preserved in the human SC remains limited. In this study, we employed a sequence-following visual-motor task to specifically …

Using Medication Pass Analysis To Examine Longitudinal Changes In Va Inpatient Nurse Staffing And Workload Before And Through The Covid-19 Pandemic: 2019-2022, Melissa K Knox, Chase S Eck, Lynette Dorsey, Paras D Mehta, Christine Yang, Laura A Petersen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in extended disruption to the health care system. National-level data-driven comparisons of inpatient nurse staffing and workload before and during the pandemic have been limited.

Objectives: Assess the extent to which registered nurse (RN) staffing and workload changed from prepandemic levels in a national integrated health care system.

Research design: Longitudinal descriptive analysis. Medication pass analysis using bar code medication administration data for the peak-time medication pass (PTM) assessing year-over-year changes from 2019 to 2022. To assess significance of year-over-year changes in means we used the Welch 2-sample t test.

Subjects: Staff (N=42,999) administering PTM …

Personalizing Therapies Over The Course Of Hormone Receptor-Positive/Her2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer, Akshara Singareeka Raghavendra, Senthil Damodaran, Carlos H Barcenas, Suzanne A Fuqua, Rachel M Layman, Debu Tripathy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The hormone receptor (HR)‐positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative breast cancer subtype accounts for most early and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) cases. HR‐positive/HER2‐negative MBC is characterized by a relatively prolonged, although variable, disease course and substantial intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity. Although endocrine‐based therapies remain the cornerstone of treatment, nearly all patients eventually develop resistance, which is increasingly addressed with biologically targeted agents and newer‐generation cytotoxic drugs. This review summarizes the current understanding of HR‐positive/HER2‐negative MBC biology, highlighting mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance, including driver genomic alterations that, along with clinical factors, help guide therapeutic choices and sequencing. The …

Reader-Character Identity Interdependence: An Empirical Investigation Of Congruence In Identity And Reading, Millicent Weber, Rachel Noorda

English Faculty Publications and Presentations

This article examines the mutually constitutive relationship between identity, social participation, and reading, through a survey of 3089 readers in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia conducted in 2022. This is driven by an intersectional call to take seriously individualised experiences of identity including diverse and overlapping identities, consider multiple marginalisations, and interrogate normative modes of thinking. This connects to a commitment shared with other scholars of reading practice to undertake research that is simultaneously descriptive and critical. This forms the basis for our survey design, comprehending substantial engagement with readers’ reporting of their own reading practices. We work …

Esr1 Fusions In Breast Cancer: Functions, Mechanisms And Therapeutic Opportunities, Xuxu Gou, Zoya Farooqui, Charles E Foulds

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Approximately 70% of all breast cancers are driven by estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) that binds the predominant circulating female estrogen, 17ꞵ-estradiol (E2). Because of this, drugs collectively termed “endocrine therapy (ET)” that either suppress E2 level or inhibit the activity of ERα have been used as first-line therapy. While initially effective, resistance to ET drugs occurs with subsequent lethal metastasis. The most common genetic alterations are point mutations in the ESR1 gene within the last exon encoding the ligand-binding domain (LBD), resulting in constitutively active ERα proteins. Recently, new oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) that effectively target these point mutants …

Injuries In Children Undergoing Subspecialty Abuse Evaluations Because Of Intimate Partner Violence, M Katherine Henry, Gunjan Tiyyagura, Joanne N Wood, Jan Leonard, Kristine A Campbell, Daniel M Lindberg, Angela N Bachim, Farah W Brink, Lori D Frasier, Nancy S Harper, Claire Hickey, Natalie Laub, John D Melville, Hannah Sahud, Philip V Scribano

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and child physical abuse often co-occur, but the frequency and risk factors for abusive injuries in IPV-exposed children remain unknown. Our objectives were to (1) determine frequency of skeletal surveys (SSs) and neuroimaging use because of IPV and their diagnostic value in children aged less than 24 months evaluated by a child abuse pediatrics specialist (CAP) and (2) identify factors associated with performance of and findings on SS and neuroimaging.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of children aged less than 24 months undergoing CAP consultations because of IPV exposure from February 2021 …

Immune-Mediated Diarrhea And Colitis With Normal Biochemical, Endoscopic And Histologic Findings: A Retrospective Study, Malek Shatila, Sharada Wali, Carolina Colli Cruz, Kei Takigawa, Andres Caleb Urias Rivera, Kian Abdul-Baki, Tanvi Gupta, Elliot Baerman, Linfeng Lu, Irene Jeong-Ah Lee, Raakhi Menon, Hamza Salim, Andrew Sullivan, Varun Vemulapalli, Cristina Natha, Ayesha Khan, Krishnavathana Varatharajalu, Stephane Champiat, Kerry L Reynolds, Lucy B Kennedy, Katy Tsai, Anusha Shirwaiker Thomas, Yinghong Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis (IMDC) due to checkpoint inhibition infrequently presents with normal stool biomarkers and no endoscopic or histologic evidence of inflammation. Little is known about the treatment needs and outcomes of this subset of patients. We aimed to describe this entity and clarify the role of immunosuppressive treatments in its management.

Method: This was a single-center, retrospective study of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors who developed clinical symptoms of IMDC, with no evidence of inflammation based on fecal calprotectin or endoscopic/histologic evaluation, between January 2010 and February 2024.

Results: Of 1151 patients with IMDC, 131 (11.4%) …

Use Of A Medication Management Algorithm In Depressed Youth Living With Hiv: Secondary Analysis Of A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial, Graham J Emslie, Beth D Kennard, Kristin Baltrusaitis, Sophia M Jones, Jessica M Jones, Jaime G Deville, Kathleen Pitts, David E Shapiro, Allison Eliscu, Larry K Brown

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: Depression is a prevalent co-occurring condition in youth living with HIV. This report is a secondary analysis of a multisite cluster randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of a health and wellness cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with a medication management algorithm utilizing measure-based care (COMB-R) compared with enhanced standard of care (ESC). We describe and compare antidepressant prescribing strategies (i.e., antidepressant treatment, type of antidepressant) for youth living with HIV at COMB-R sites to those at ESC sites over the 24-week intervention. We also describe self-reported adherence to antidepressants.

Methods: Participants (12-24 years) were youth living with HIV diagnosed …

Reframing Trauma-Informed Care For Refugee And (Im)Migrant Health Systems: From Interpersonal Practice To Structurally Embedded Care, Hyojin Im, Sophia Banu, Aisha Koroma, Sarmaya Mustafayeva

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Lessons Learned From An Epic Transformation Of A Radiation Oncology Department In Guatemala: Keys To Success, Edgar Ruiz, Hiram A Gay, Milton Ixquiac, Angel Velarde, Baozhou Sun, Jose García-Ramirez, Eric Laugeman, Benjamin Li, Jeff Michalski, Vicky De Falla, Geoff Hugo, Jacaranda Van Rheenen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: We describe the radical modernization of a radiation oncology department in a developing country, Guatemala, from 2015 to the beginning of 2024. The Instituto de Cancerología y Hospital Dr. Bernardo del Valle S (INCAN) is the only public radiotherapy clinic serving patient referrals from the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance program.

Methods and materials: We describe the state of the radiation oncology department in 2015 versus 2024 while chronicling its gradual transformation. This multifaceted collaboration involved academic centers, government agencies, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), industry, and nonprofits and continues to this day. We analyze the infrastructure, …

Brain Death Versus Circulatory Death: How Functional Warm Ischemia And Cold Storage Impact Myocardial Membrane Repair In Human Donor Hearts, Shiyi Li, Rishav Bhattacharya, Abdussalam E Elsenousi, Katherine V Nordick, Adel M Hassan, Syed B Peer, Camila Hochman-Mendez, Todd K Rosengart, Kenneth K Liao, Nandan K Mondal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This study compares myocardial injury responses in human donor hearts from donation after brain death (DBD) and donation after circulatory death (DCD), with a focus on myocardial membrane integrity, pyroptosis, and damage. Unlike DCD hearts, which are exposed to varying durations of functional warm ischemic time (fWIT), DBD hearts, which are never subjected to warm ischemia, served as controls. A total of 24 human hearts were procured, consisting of 6 from the DBD group and 18 from the DCD group. All procured hearts were placed in cold normal saline and stored for up to 6 h. Left ventricular biopsies were …

Mir-302 Regulates Pancreatic Progenitor Pool And Pancreatic Size, Ziyue Z Yang, Caroline G Snider, Ronald J Parchem

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Disruptions in pancreatic development can lead to health issues such as pancreatic agenesis and congenital diabetes mellitus. Understanding pancreatic organogenesis is critical for elucidating disease mechanisms and developing regenerative therapies. The pancreas consists of endocrine and exocrine cells, both of which are derived from multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs). MPC proliferation and differentiation are tightly controlled by multiple mechanisms, including post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs. However, these regulatory factors are not fully understood. Here, we profiled miRNA expression in MPCs and identified that mir-302 was highly enriched during the earliest stages of pancreatic development. Loss of mir-302 resulted in reduced pancreatic size …

Editorial: New Insights On Vascular And Metabolic Diabetic Complications, Hua Mao, John D Imig, Ricardo Espinosa-Tanguma

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Inducible Pou Class 2 Homeobox 3 Expression In Human Intestinal Organoids As A Model Of Human Tuft Cells, Carolyn Bomidi, Luqiong Wang, Hoa Nguyen-Phuc, Mary K Estes, Sarah E Blutt

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Refining Aicardi Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria: An Expert-Based Consensus Using A Modified Delphi Approach, Silvia Masnada, Valentina De Giorgis, Umberto Carugo, Nadia Bahi-Buisson, Mara Cavallin, Mark Corbett, Manuela Formica, Jozef Gecz, Natalia Petros, Emilio Perucca, Anna Pichiecchio, Paolo Fusar Poli, Elliott H Sherr, Ignatia B Van Den Veyver, Federico Zara, Martin Geroldinger, Pierangelo Veggiotti, Alexis Arzimanoglou

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Background and objectives: Aicardi syndrome (AIC) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder historically characterised by the presence of chorioretinal lacunae, corpus callosum agenesis, infantile spasms and several supporting features that aid in diagnosis. However, the unclear aetiology and evolving diagnostic tools have led to ongoing reconsideration of the criteria, based on individual approaches. Our study aimed to establish, for the first time, an expert-based consensus on diagnostic criteria for AIC by integrating both existing and novel ones.

Methods: A geographically diverse and multidisciplinary group of expert physicians was invited to participate in a modified Delphi study, to achieve consensus on major, …

Clinicians’ Views On A Patient Decision Aid For Deep Brain Stimulation In Parkinson’S Disease, Hillary S King, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby, Benjamin H Levi, Sol De Jesus, Harini Sarva, Laura Y Cabrera

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Introduction: For people with Parkinson's disease (PD), deciding whether to pursue deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become increasingly complex. Evidence suggests current approaches to collaborative decision-making may fall short of accepted standards. Thus, a decision support intervention, such as a patient decision aid (PtDA) may be warranted. PtDAs have been shown to improve patients' knowledge, expectations, and participation in decision-making for other, similar healthcare decisions. We therefore sought to assess neurologists' awareness of, and experience using, PtDAs, and to solicit their opinions on the ideal features of a PtDA for PD patients considering DBS.

Methods: Sixteen United States-based neurology clinicians …

Psychological And Clinical Risk Factors For Substance Use In People With And Without Hiv, Joanna M Hobson, Shameka L Cody, Shannon R Gilstrap, Michael A Owens, Myles D Moody, Dyan M White-Gilliam, Stephen Justin Thomas, Emily J Bartley, Burel R Goodin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BackgroundDespite growing concerns, limited research has demonstrated how psychological factors influence substance use in people with HIV (PWH). Therefore, we examined the association between heightened vigilance and substance use outcomes in people with (PWH) and without HIV (PWoH), while accounting for key risk factors.MethodsParticipants (n = 138) were recruited from an HIV clinic and the surrounding community, completing a urine drug screener (UDS) and questionnaires.ResultsPWH reported greater insomnia (

Application Of Machine Learning To Blood-Based Biomarkers Of Alzheimer's Disease In Down Syndrome, Patrick H Luckett, Melissa Petersen, Sid O'Bryant, Mark Mapstone, Brad T Christian, Benjamin Handen, Elizabeth Head, Beau M Ances, Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium‐Down Syndrome

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Blood-based biomarkers can improve Alzheimer's disease (AD) characterization in Down syndrome (DS). This study applied hierarchical clustering and machine learning-based feature selection to identify biomarkers associated with disease progression.

METHODS: Cross-sectional blood-based biomarkers were analyzed from 211 DS participants (

RESULTS: The strongest predictors overall were neurofilament light chain (NfL), tau/amyloid beta (Aβ)40, Aβ42/Aβ40, alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), and interleukin (IL)-10. Within the CS group, NfL, tau/Aβ40, A2M, and IL-10 were strong predictors. In MCI, Aβ42/Aβ40, NfL, A2M, and IL-10 were strong predictors. In DS-AD, Aβ42/Aβ40, NfL, and tau/Aβ40 were the top predictors. Cluster membership varied based on disease stage.

DISCUSSION: …

Characteristics Of Cerebral Palsy In The Midwestern Us, Susie Kim, Kelsey Steffen, Lauren Gottschalk-Henneberry, Jennifer Miros, Amy Robichaux-Viehoever, Karen Taca, Bhooma R Aravamuthan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common lifelong motor disability worldwide. Yet, data is limited on how CP manifests in the US. Our objective was to characterize and determine factors affecting functional outcomes in a large population of young people with CP in the Midwestern US.

METHODS: We integrated caregiver and clinician-facing standardized data entry into routine clinical care at a tertiary care CP center (https://bit.ly/CP-Intake-Methodology). We extracted this data for people with an ICD10 diagnosis of CP seen between March 22, 2023 and December 28, 2023 and used it to describe CP characteristics and determine factors affecting the …

Novel Insights Into Early Alzheimer's Disease: Quantitative Gradient Recalled Echo Mri Reveals Preatrophic Neuronal And Myelin Injury Concurrent With Emerging Amyloid Pathology, Satya V V N Kothapalli, Tammie L S Benzinger, Randall J Bateman, Melody Li, Cihat Eldeniz, John C Morris, Dmitriy A Yablonskiy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Brain amyloid accumulation is considered an early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, appearing decades before manifestation of clinical symptoms. However, very little is known about neurodegeneration during this early AD stage. Herein we use quantitative gradient recalled echo (qGRE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to reveal preatrophic microstructural neuronal and myelin damage concurrent with amyloid pathology.

METHODS: qGRE MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid [

RESULTS: qGRE detected significantly lower gray matter neuronal density and white matter myelination in the group of participants with amyloid level below the conventional amyloid-positive threshold (mean cortical standardized uptake value ratio of …