Digital Commons Network^™

Designing A Study To Evaluate The Impact Of Webxr With Genai On Student Engagement In Distance Education, Kamran Mir, Geraldine Gray, Ana Elena Schalk, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

This study aims to evaluate how immersive content can enhance student engagement, learning outcomes, and satisfaction in an open and distance learning context. The paper gives an overview of the background research and study design that investigates the impact of immersive virtual learning environments on distance education by integrating WebXR with GenAI into Moodle, a widely used virtual learning environment (VLE). The design considers two groups of learners, an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group will engage with WebXR having GenAI agents and the control group will experience the same course content delivered through conventional online teaching …

Hybrid Bacterial Colony Optimization And Particle Swarm Optimization For Load Balancing In Fog Computing, Aryan Kumar, Punit Gupta, Rohit Verma

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Fog computing minimizes latency and bandwidth consumption by processing data near the source, but it has the challenge of workload balancing across the dynamic and resource limited fog nodes. Uneven task assignment can result in bottlenecks, idle resources, and lowered Quality of Service (QoS) standards. In this work, we introduce a hybrid metaheuristic load balancing algorithm for fog computing by combining the Bacterial Colony Optimization (BCO) and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) techniques to enhance load balancing. BCO has good solution space exploration capabilities, whereas PSO has the advantage of quick convergence; the hybrid takes advantage from both to achieve …

When The Internet Attacks, Craig Cowie

Cardozo Law Review

Courts have struggled with applying personal jurisdiction in cases involving intentional torts where the defendants act outside the forum, and the problem is particularly apparent and acute when the defendants use the internet to commit the tort. For example, is there jurisdiction when a defendant doxxes someone and calls for violence? What if they leave a bad Yelp review? Or tweet a defamatory statement? Courts have used many tests for determining whether personal jurisdiction is appropriate in these situations, but there has been relatively little recent scholarship on whether these tests are appropriate for analyzing personal jurisdiction in these contexts. …

Much Ado About Misjoinder: An Alternative To Fraudulent Misjoinder To Preserve Defendants’ Right To Removal In Pharmaceutical And Medical Device Products Liability Cases, Alexander Flaum

Cardozo Law Review

Unresolved questions surrounding the contours of the fraudulent misjoinder doctrine have understandably led to reluctance by courts to adopt it, despite its utility in protecting defendants’ access to federal court. This is particularly troubling in the context of pharmaceutical and medical device products liability cases. It is common in these actions for plaintiffs, whose only connection is having consumed a particular pharmaceutical product at different points in time and for different durations, to strategically join in one action to defeat complete diversity and prevent removal to federal court. However, federal courts are not powerless to prevent such procedural gamesmanship. By …

The Permanent Bar(S): The Unprincipled Cage Of Retribution For Immigrant Youth, Dianara Ramirez Ibarra

Cardozo Law Review

This Note argues that a minor’s diminished decisional capacity should be recognized as an affirmative defense when a permanent bar that is triggered during minority strips away a noncitizen’s opportunity to gain lawful status in the United States. Dreamers and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients, individuals who arrived in the United States as children, are victims of punitive immigration laws that have extinguished any possibility of securing lawful residency in the United States. Even more egregiously, Dreamers and DACA recipients are subject to these permanent bars despite lacking the intent and capacity to fully understand the long-term consequences …

Browser-Based Phishing Detection System Using Modern Web Technologies, Muhammad Arshad, Beena Sherin Kuriakose, Choo Wou Onn, Farhan Ahmad Siddiqui, Mohammad Shahid Kamal

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Phishing remains one of the most persistent cybersecurity threats, exploiting human trust to steal sensitive information through deceptive websites. Traditional detection methods, reliant on blacklists and reactive reporting, offer limited protection against rapidly evolving zero-day attacks. To address these challenges, this study proposes and evaluates a hybrid browser-resident phishing detection framework that combines three complementary detection mechanisms: a locally executed Random Forest model using URL lexical features, lightweight real-time DOM structure analysis, and VirusTotal’s multi-engine reputation service. Communication between the client and server is optimised using gRPC over the QUIC protocol, ensuring secure, high-performance data exchange with built-in retry mechanisms …

Governing The Digital Commons, Madelyn Rose Sanfilippo, Brett Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, Katherine J. Strandburg

Faculty Publications

The digital commons, as the coproduction of data, digital cultural products, and community, raise a variety of governance issues. From questions of participation, including voice mechanisms, to the legitimacy of decision-making or ownership, to specific action arenas, governance is complex and dynamic, reflecting the characteristics of the networks in which these commons are situated. This mini-track explores governance challenges and solutions across an array of case studies to highlight governance failures and solutions, many of which focus on reconciling the intersections of different action arenas and aligning policies with contextual norms.

Challenging Agency Deregulation, Todd S. Aagaard

Faculty Publications

The administrative state is experiencing two seismic shifts. First, in recent years, the Supreme Court has issued a series of decisions that significantly curtailed the powers of administrative agencies. Second, President Donald Trump is using administrative agencies to aggressively deregulate in his second term. The conventional wisdom is that the Supreme Court’s recent precedent will facilitate the Trump Administration’s deregulatory agenda.

This Article argues the opposite. Instead of promoting agency deregulation, recent Supreme Court precedent restraining agency authority provides a potentially powerful basis for challenging agency deregulation as administrative overreach. Time and time again, the Court has taken agencies to …

Language Acquisition And Emergent Literacy In The 21st Century, Albert H. White Jr.

Open Touro Created

2026

Grounded in contemporary scholarship and pedagogical research, this work employs an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to 21st-century literacy instruction while prioritizing diversity, equity, and inclusion. Through its multimodal, universally accessible design—featuring interactive components, multimedia elements, and curated links to the New York State Department of Education Standards and Instruction Website—the resource facilitates critical engagement with content and alignment with state-mandated learning standards. Supplementary materials for pre-service teacher preparation and professional development are embedded throughout, enabling educators to customize and repurpose content for their specific contexts. Developed in partnership with Touro University and Colleges, this OER supports the continuous professional development …

Acute Correction Of Acquired Genu Valgum Secondary To Post-Traumatic Growth Arrest At The Time Of Distal Femur Fracture., Josiah Wolf, Nicholas Pelz, Adam Mansour, Christopher Iobst, Allen Kadado

Surgery Articles

A 14-year-old male patient sustained a distal femur fracture after a ground-level fall. His history was notable for severe acquired genu valgum secondary to a childhood lawnmower accident, which had required multiple limb salvage procedures including a Syme amputation and soft-tissue skin grafting. Acute correction of the limb deformity was performed concurrently with fracture fixation using a retrograde intramedullary nail and poller blocking screws. Retrograde intramedullary nailing represents a viable treatment option for simultaneous acute correction of acquired genu valgum and stabilization of distal femur fractures.

Structural And Biochemical Insights Into Phospholipase D Function And Its Small Gtpase Stimulators, Douglas Jay Marr

Electronic Dissertations and Theses, 2010-current

Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and D2 (PLD2) are lipid metabolizing enzymes that produce phosphatidic acid and contribute to pathologies such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the ARF-like GTPase 11 (ARL11) was identified as an activator of PLD1, but the mechanism of this stimulation remained unknown. Here, we use in vitro biochemical assays and structural predictions to determine that ARL11 interacts with PLD1 using three adjacent, biochemically distinct interfaces, and that the ends of PLD1’s disordered loop form ordered structures to facilitate these interactions. Both PLD1 and PLD2 are peripheral membrane proteins that have differing subcellular localization important for their …

Developing An End-To-End Ecosystem Model To Inform Management Of Hudson River Estuary And New York Bight Ecosystem, Xiangyan Yang

Electronic Dissertations and Theses, 2010-current

Ecosystem models provide a powerful framework for evaluating complex anthropogenic impacts because they explicitly represent interactions among species and between biological and physical components of ecosystems. Preliminary analyses indicated that increasing temperature is a major driver of shifts in species distributions and biomass within the Hudson River Estuary and New York Bight (HRE-NYB), the focal region of this dissertation. This dissertation develops an end-to-end (E2E) ecosystem modeling framework to investigate the ecological consequences of climate-induced species distributional shifts in this climate-sensitive region. Habitat suitability index models were developed and validated using sea surface temperature as a key thermal indicator to …

Milner Library Annual Report, 2026, Milner Library, Illinois State University

Reports and White Papers - Milner Library

2025 annual report for Milner Library, Illinois State University.

From Germination To Transformation: Policy Studies In China Over The Past Half-Century (1970s–2020s), Shuai Cao, Ping Xu, Hongtao Yi, Ling Zhu

Political Science Faculty Publications

Over the past half-century, policy studies in China have undergone a remarkable evolution. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of the field's development by tracing its origins and transformations over time. We introduce a time-based and multifaceted framework that delineates the evolution of policy studies in China into four distinct phases: germination (1978 to mid-1990s), burgeoning (late 1990s to 2012), normalization (2013 to 2022), and transformation (2023 to present). We first analyze the evolution of each phase in terms of historical contexts, disciplinary development, policy research (including policy domains, theoretical advancements, and methodological approaches), and intellectual engagement with …

Location, Location, Reaction: How Mandatory Ip Disclosure Silences Critics And Sparks Backlash, Sirui Li, Ping Xu, Yue Guo

Political Science Faculty Publications

Previous research has identified two competing outcomes of regulatory disclosure for negative online sentiment: chilling effects, which suppress negative online sentiment, and reactance effects, which intensify it. In this study, we apply these theories to examine the impact of mandatory IP location disclosure on citizens' negative online sentiment expressed on Sina Weibo, a leading Chinese social media platform. We argue that the mandatory IP location disclosure can have opposite effects on negative online sentiment depending on the type of social media context. To test this, we use a quasi-natural experiment and analyze more than 160,000 comments posted before and after …

The Gendered Path Of Least Resistance: First Entry And Exit Behaviors Of Public And Nonprofit Employees, Tiana Marrese, Ying Liu, Femida Handy

Political Science Faculty Publications

Public and nonprofit organizations exhibit high rates of female employment often attributed to sector structures and social roles. To better understand how individual behaviors dynamically contribute to these distinctive ratios, we deconstruct public and nonprofit employment into gendered patterns of attraction and attachment. Using duration analysis and following a cohort from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, this research finds that women demonstrate a higher attraction to their first public and nonprofit job compared to men, evidenced through a faster rate of entry into this employment. There are no significant gender differences when considering the duration of an individual's …

The Rise Of Global Collaboration In China Policy Research: Evidence From Bibliometric Network Analyses, 2000–2025, Yu Xiao, Aaron Ley, Ping Xu

Political Science Faculty Publications

This study examines the evolution of China policy research and its growing role in global policy scholarship. Using bibliometric and social network analyses of 326 articles published in 20 high-impact political science journals from 2000 to 2025, we trace the field’s expansion, identify key thematic concentrations, and document the emergence of robust international collaboration patterns. Cross-national co-authorship networks reveal a clear transition from a fragmented, Western-centered structure to a dual-hub system anchored by Mainland China and the United States, while institution-level networks show that leading Chinese universities have become central collaborators and Hong Kong institutions continue to serve as critical …

Evolving Contexts And Diverging Strategies: Federalism And The Politics Of Immigrant Welfare Exclusion In The Us, Ping Xu, Ling Zhu, Sebastian Ege

Political Science Faculty Publications

The intersection of immigration and welfare has taken a central stage in the politics of social policy and garnered increasing scholarly attention in welfare politics research. While prior research has examined how immigration affects welfare support and welfare generosity in the US, less is known about the determinants of immigrant-related welfare policies. This paper investigates how state-level policymakers shape immigrant welfare policies in response to changing social and economic state contexts across the U.S. states from 2000 to 2020. Using data from the Urban Institute's Welfare Rules Database, we create a policy index of welfare inclusion of immigrants to track …