Digital Commons Network^™

How Is Going To War Like Buying A Car?: The Bargaining Model Of War, Richard R. Johnson

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

The bargaining model of war, a popular, yet complex international relations theory, emphasizes how nations communicate signals regarding military strength, resolve to fight, and foreign policy goals. Since the military plays a major role in communicating these signals, its leaders should understand this theory, despite its complexities. This article explains the model and its components through the used car sale bargaining process and supplements the analogy with real-world examples of international events. This article will help military and foreign policy professionals easily grasp the concepts of the model.

The State Of The Us Army, Richard D. Hooker Jr.

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article argues that the US Army remains dangerously optimized for counterinsurgency, leaving it ill-equipped for a high-intensity ground war against near-peer adversaries like Russia or China. Unlike standard modernization literature that focuses solely on technology, this analysis highlights how bloated staffs and personnel policies that prioritize equity over battlefield excellence undermine combat readiness. The analysis evaluates 2026 force structure projections against current personnel metrics and acquisition timelines to identify systemic readiness gaps. The findings provide military and policy practitioners with actionable frameworks to reallocate personnel resources and address critical gaps in field artillery, electronic warfare, and short-range air defense …

Closing The Gap Between Threat And Rival, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article explores the advantages and risks associated with leveraging interstate rivalry frameworks for strategy development and planning. Advantages include reducing strategic uncertainty and gaining efficiencies in some aspects of force planning. Risks include trusting the data and accepting the methodical pace of research. United States security documents typically describe adversaries as threats or competitors but rarely acknowledge the fact that behavior patterns among interstate rivals, of which the United States currently has three—China, Russia, and Iran—differ fundamentally from those of mere threats or competitors. This analysis will benefit defense professionals responsible for developing regional or global strategies and for …

Contributor Guidelines, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Developing A Method For Controlled Substance Analysis Using Lcms For Future Dart Ms Applications, Carol N. Muñiz Silva

Honors Theses

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an analytical technique used to separate and identify compounds and is widely applied in forensic toxicology and controlled substance analysis due to its strong capabilities in detection, identification, and quantification. In this experiment, a method for analyzing acetaminophen was developed using mobile phases of 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in methanol. Method development focused on adjusting elution time, mobile-phase gradient, and injection volume. The optimized method produced reliable analysis of acetaminophen across 100–7500 ng/mL. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through chromatograms and mass spectra of the prepared solutions. Although a …

Lessons Learned From The Gemini.Com Ipo, Lawrence J. Trautman

UC Law Science and Technology Journal

On August 15, 2025, Gemini Space Station, Inc. filed a registration statement on Form S-1 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) contemplating the offering of up to 16,666,667 shares of Common Stock. After receiving comments from the Commission and the additional filing of amendments to the prospectus, the offering of about 15.2 million shares was priced before market opening on September 12, 2025, at $28 per share. Gemini’s “shares opened at $37.01 . . . at which it raised $425 million,” valuing the Company at $4.4 billion. Gemini’s disclosure documents provide an excellent description of the many new …

Maroonage: A Framework For Environmental Justice And Racial Freedom, Ryan Whyte

Fordham Environmental Law Review

Environmental hazards cause significant harm across society, with certain communities bearing the brunt of these burdens. In response, environmental advocates formed the environmental justice movement to promote equal environmental treatment for all. Closely related to this concept of environmental justice is environmental racism, which focuses on how people of color are disproportionately affected by environmental risks. While efforts to address environmental justice and racism have led to some successes, they have not fully addressed the persistent challenges affecting communities of color.

This Note seeks to apply a maroonage framework to address environmental racism and achieve environmental and racial justice for …

Exploring Policy Response And Quality Of Care From Lessons Learned During Covid-19 In Moderate Testing, High-Complexity Laboratories In The Department Of Defense, Carmen Alesia Bell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Power Writes, People Rewrite; Distribution Of Collective Memory Through Space After The 1954 Coup, Brandon G. Maldonado

Bachelor of Architecture Theses - 5th Year

This thesis examines the relationship between power, propaganda, and spatial memory through the lens of the 1954 Guatemalan coup d’état and its lasting impact on collective cultural identity. In response to systems that have controlled and suppressed narratives, the project proposes an alternative architectural framework that reclaims memory as a collective, participatory act. Operating across plazas, protest routes, and alleys in Zone 1 of Guatemala City, the project transforms existing urban conditions into a distributed system of memory production. In plazas, memory is created through acts of gathering and making. Along protest routes, a mobile kit-of-parts which carries the crafts …

Dominant Latina Beauty: Shade Names, Model Imagery, And Negotiation In Latina-Owned Makeup Brands, Lisette Gonzalez, Juan Mah Y Busch

Honors Thesis

This project aims to name and contextualize the evolving notions of beauty for Latinas in the United States presented by Latina-owned, makeup cosmetic brands. Contrary to culturally-imposed dominant constructions of “Latina Beauty,” this project examines how Latina-owned, makeup brands are negotiating dominant constructions of “Latina Beauty.” By examining the notions of beauty for Latinas, we can understand the parameters of beauty within which Latina-owned, marketing exists. Beyond desirability, these beauty parameters signal the social positionality of Latinas, the physical and behavioral expectations imposed onto Latinas, and the conditions under which Latinas are valued. This work combines digital ethnography and critical …

Piece By Peace: Reimagining Healing Spaces For Us Veterans, Gerdon Chavez

Bachelor of Architecture Theses - 5th Year

The study of U.S. Veterans mental illness presents a unique opportunity to explore how architecture can respond to the psychological, emotional and economic struggles through spaces that provide solutions beyond conventional institutional healthcare models. Findings suggest that veterans continue to experience complex forms of trauma, including but not limited to, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) and existing clinical spaces are often disconnected, making the reintegration back into society harder. This study will examine how architecture can shift its focus from housing a facility to becoming part of the process by integrating housing, therapeutic spaces and community …

Book Review: Proxy Wars From A Global Perspective: Non-State Actors And Armed Conflicts, Joshua O. Lehman

Parameters Bookshelf – Online Book Reviews

Edited by Paweł Bernat, Cüneyt Gürer, and Cyprian Aleksander Kozera

Reviewed by: Lieutenant Colonel Joshua O. Lehman, academy professor, United States Military Academy

States are increasingly turning to non-state actors to fight their battles, reshaping the nature of modern warfare. Proxy Wars from a Global Perspective, edited by Paweł Bernat, Cüneyt Gürer, and Cyprian Aleksander Kozera, offers a sweeping analysis of this trend through case studies from Mali, Ukraine, Syria, and beyond. With insights from international relations and security experts, the book challenges outdated Cold War frameworks and introduces a new paradigm for understanding outsourced conflict in a multipolar …

Illicit Origins, Public Displays: How Trafficking And Repatriation Reshaped Ancient Greek Pottery In Modern Museums, Alisha Bhandari

Honors College Theses

This thesis examines how illicit excavation, antiquities trafficking, and repatriation have reshaped the modern circulation and interpretation of ancient Greek pottery in museum collections. While Greek pottery has traditionally been studied through style, iconography, attribution, and artistic value, this project shifts attention to the modern systems that have determined how these objects were excavated, sold, displayed, and contested. Through a literature review and three case studies — the Aineta Aryballos, the Python Bell-Krater, and the Athena Kylix — this thesis argues that ancient Greek pottery should be understood not only as evidence of antiquity, but also as evidence of modern …

Book Review: Hero Of Fort Sumter: The Extraordinary Life Of Robert Anderson, Bradford Wineman

Parameters Bookshelf – Online Book Reviews

Author: Wesley Moody

Reviewed by: Dr. Bradford Wineman, professor of military history, Marine Corps University

In Hero of Fort Sumter: The Extraordinary Life of Robert Anderson, Wesley Moody brings to life the man whose stand at the dawn of the Civil War helped shape the nation’s destiny. From frontier battles to the dramatic siege of Fort Sumter, Anderson’s story is one of quiet courage and pivotal leadership. This compelling biography reveals how one soldier’s sense of duty helped ignite a war—and preserve a Union.

Irregular Warfare, Part Two: Ai Approaches, Implications, And Proposed Recommendations, James Giordano, Jocelyn Garcia

Strategic Insights

Part Two of "Irregular Warfare" looks at how artificial intelligence is transforming irregular warfare through AI-enabled, non-kinetic influence operations that target perception, trust, morale, and decision-making. State adversaries employ AI-driven cognitive and information operations below the threshold of kinetic conflict to shape strategic outcomes, exploit societal vulnerabilities, and challenge allied cohesion. This commentary also assesses the implications of AI-enabled irregular warfare for military readiness, cognitive resilience, operational planning, and strategic competition, and provides recommendations for how the Department of War can strengthen preparedness against emerging cognitive and information threats.

International Environment Protection During Armed Conflict Case Study: Israel-Lebanon Conflict, Arie Afriansyah

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Closing The Revolution: The Criticize Water Margin Campaign And The Politics Of Surrender In Mao’S China, Yaowen Dong

Asia Pacific Perspectives

The mid 1970s witnessed a massive Maoist campaign to attack the late imperial vernacular fiction Water Margin, which had been previously favored by the Chinese Communist Party because of its elements of rebellion and egalitarianism. The paper examines the Criticize Water Margin Campaign in 1975 and 1976 that interpreted the fiction as class-reconciliation and surrender. I argue that the dramatic shift of the narratives surrounding Water Margin manifested the deeply embedded paradox between rebellion and normalization in the communist revolutionary project. Such paradox of revolution is not only the product of the infringement of the coming neoliberal world order, …

Undertaking Short-Term Finance Transactions In Brazil - An Historic And Modern Look At The Brazilian Economy And Associated Risks, Shawn M. D'Aversa

Student Research

The following report discusses the risks and construction of a hypothetical short-term trade finance transaction involving the five parties: Citibank N.A., Caterpillar Inc. (CAT), Banco Do Brasil, Paracatu Gold Mine and EXIM Bank. Fair warning: this is a long paper for a short-term transaction.

For the deal, Caterpillar Inc. (CAT) has approached Citibank N.A. in New York regarding a financing transaction for five 797F-400 short-ton haul trucks. The trucks are worth $5mn each, including the costs of training and spare parts, for a total of $25mn. Put simply, the trucks are beasts for mining. They will then be shipped to …

Translating Marine Corps Learning Doctrine Into Practice: Alignment Between Data Systems Training And Fleet Operations, Daniel Duayne Green

Dissertations - ALL

Modern military organizations increasingly rely on information-rich systems that demand both technical competence and adaptive problem-solving from their personnel. In the United States Marine Corps, recent doctrinal reforms articulate an ambitious learning philosophy centered on adaptability, conceptual understanding, and continuous development. This thesis examines how that doctrinal vision is translated into practice through the entry-level training of enlisted data systems technicians. Using an exploratory case study design, the research investigates how first-line supervisors interpret the alignment between institutional training at the Marine Corps Communication-Electronics School and the operational competence demonstrated by newly assigned Marines. Data were collected through surveys, interviews, …

Destruction As Devotion: Warfare As Worship And Liturgy In Joshua 1–8, Ethan James Highfill

Harding School of Theology Dissertations and Theses

This paper explores the nature of divine and human violence in the Book of Joshua and its relation to ritual and liturgy. I argue in this paper that the violence that readers encounter in the Book of Joshua makes more sense as a subcategory or product of ritual. I point out that the emphasis on violence in Joshua is misplaced if the elements of ritual and worship, which are prevalent throughout the work are not given proper attention. I contend that the חֵרֶם commands in Deuteronomy and Joshua serve the specific functions of removing Canaanite identity from the land of …

Selective Remembrance: Constructing Nostalgia At The Park Chung Hee Presidential Museum, Abigail Shaw

Honors Theses

How and why does Park Chung Hee remain so potent in the minds of South Koreans, decades after his rule? Seungsook Moon (2009) describes the phenomenon as Park Chung Hee Syndrome: a cultural condition in which Park’s image circulates between glorification, demonization, and humanization, producing an unresolved and emotionally charged field of memory. Building on this, researchers have examined how a type of “Park Chung Hee nostalgia” operates through selective remembrance of developmental success, moral discipline, and national unity, ultimately creating a positive memory and longing for semblance of his long-ended rule (Park, 2011; Podoler, 2016; Lee, 2022).

Statues and …

Radio Frequency Resonate And Fire (Rf-Raf) Neurons Supporting Device Classification, David L. Weathers, Michael A. Temple, Brett J. Borghetti

Faculty Publications

Radio Frequency Fingerprinting (RFF) enables passive physical-layer device authentication by exploiting unintentional hardware variations in wireless transmitters. Neuromorphic implementations are attractive, given their potential for low-latency, energy-efficient inference capability under Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) constraints at the edge. A new RFF capability is demonstrated here using recently introduced Radio Frequency Resonate-and-Fire (RF-RAF) neurons and eight WirelessHART devices. Performance is evaluated for RF-RAF-generated fingerprints against the established Gabor Transform (GTX) baseline using three classifier architectures: Random Forest (RndF), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and a Time-Incremented Spiking Neural Network (TI-SNN). The results show that RF-RAF fingerprints achieve an average classification accuracy …

Resilience In Place Names: German-Hehe War Memories And Cultural Identity In Iringa Toponyms, Claudio G. Kisake, Sophilini M. Yisega, Spemba E. Spemba

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Toponyms, or place names, act as vital markers of historical memory, cultural identity and resilience. In Iringa, Tanzania, toponymy offers valuable insights into the enduring impacts associated with the German-Hehe War (1890–1898), and colonial encounters on indigenous communities. This study explores how place names—such as Kitanzini (‘a place with a noose for hanging people’), Ilundamatwe or Lundamatwe (‘a collection of slaughtered heads’), and Gangilonga (‘the speaking stone’)—convey narratives of Hehe war superiority, resistance, and survival. Using a qualitative approach, the research incorporates archival sources, oral histories, and linguistic analysis to investigate the stories behind naming and renaming, the role of …

Resilience In Place Names: German-Hehe War Memories And Cultural Identity In Iringa Toponyms, Claudio G. Kisake, Sophilini M. Yisega, Spemba E. Spemba

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Toponyms, or place names, act as vital markers of historical memory, cultural identity and resilience. In Iringa, Tanzania, toponymy offers valuable insights into the enduring impacts associated with the German-Hehe War (1890–1898), and colonial encounters on indigenous communities. This study explores how place names—such as Kitanzini (‘a place with a noose for hanging people’), Ilundamatwe or Lundamatwe (‘a collection of slaughtered heads’), and Gangilonga (‘the speaking stone’)—convey narratives of Hehe war superiority, resistance, and survival. Using a qualitative approach, the research incorporates archival sources, oral histories, and linguistic analysis to investigate the stories behind naming and renaming, the role of …

Just War Theory And Coercive Non-Proliferation: Ethically Evaluating Nuclear Prevention Efforts, P. Walker Jacklin

Honors Theses

This thesis examines the ethics of coercively addressing non-nuclear states who are attempting to acquire nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons pose a serious danger on a global scale, so ethical analysis should balance these consequences with the coerciveness of state intervention. Just War Theory provides a useful framework that balances these considerations.  Using the criteria of Just War Theory, this thesis examines two 21st century non-proliferation operations: Operation Orchard and Operation Midnight Hammer. I find that Operation Orchard fails the criteria of Just War Theory, while Operation Midnight Hammer satisfies the criteria. Making this determination is ethically risky, however, because our …

Akan Proverbs And Social Media Commentary: The Representation Of Women In Ghanaian Society, Richard Ayertey Lawer

Department of English: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This study examines how gender ideologies embedded in Akan proverbs are reproduced, negotiated, and contested within contemporary Ghanaian digital discourse. Drawing on feminist rhetorical analysis and digital discourse studies, the research analyzes a purposive sample of 25 Akan proverbs and 36 social media posts and comments from Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok (2022–2025) focusing on women in public roles. The study demonstrates that Akan proverbs function as enduring ideological resources that construct women’s agency as conditional, subordinate, and morally regulated. These ideological patterns are recontextualized in digital spaces through both explicit citation and implicit proverbial reasoning, where users mobilize cultural logics …

Peace Agreements, Provisions, And Profit: How Peace Agreement Provisions Impact Foreign Direct Investment Inflows, Wendi M. Sheehan

Honors Theses

There are many provisions that post-civil war states may include in peace treaties. This paper seeks to analyze the inclusion of three specific provisions– political power sharing and political institutions, rule of law/property rights, and infrastructure and reconstruction– and their impact on the resulting foreign direct investment inflows into a post-conflict nation over the course of ten years. I hypothesize that states that include one or more of these provisions will subsequently experience higher FDI inflows. To test this theory, I used the peace agreement information from the PA-X Peace Agreements dataset and FDI inflow information from the United Nations’ …

Sir Gawain, The Travelling Sun Of Medieval Literature, Leah H. Dascoli

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This paper examines Sir Gawain’s roles in Medieval Arthurian literature from various geolinguistical regions in Europe. Starting in the twelfth century and extending to the late fifteenth century, there is a shift in literary legends that can be glimpsed through understanding what roles the authors of the Arthurian genre use for Sir Gawain.

By incorporating evidence within the text and supplementary evidence of historical context during which the stories were written and translated, this study seeks to create a discussion between the more obscure sources and more circulating sources in which Sir Gawain is a common factor. It argues that …

Attention Please, This Island Earth, Diane Ackerman

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Looking At Emmett Till, John Edgar Wideman

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.