Digital Commons Network^™

A Review Of Gallium And Germanium Recovery From Industrial Solid Residues, Ernest V. Oteng, Marthias Silwamba, Lana Alagha, Alex Luyima

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The global demand for critical elements such as gallium (Ga) and germanium (Ge), and the shift toward circular mining has accelerated the development of new extraction and recovery processing these metals from industrial solid residues. This transition is driven by a substantial surge in demand for advanced technologies and the depletion of primary ore. Consequently, industrial solid residues, particularly zinc processing residues, smelter slags, flue dusts, and coal fly ash, are emerging as viable alternative sources. These residues incorporate Ga and Ge through isomorphic substitution in phases such as ferrites, silicates, and glassy aluminosilicates, and are enriched by industrial processes, …

"I Was Taught To Think Of My Body As Too Sexual": Comparative Thematic Analysis Of Parent And Peer Messages About The Body During Adolescence, Erin Nolen, Catherine Cubbin, Shetal Vohra-Gupta, Helena Lewis-Smith

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Parents and peers play an important role in adolescents' body image and embodiment. Messages girls receive about sex and puberty during these formative years can contribute to either positive embodiment or disrupted/disconnected embodiment. To better understand how these messages are constructed in adolescence, we conducted a comparative thematic analysis of self-reported, retrospective accounts of messages conveyed by parents and peers. We administered an online survey using Prolific, which included open-text questions that we analyzed for this study. Participants were 339 cisgender women aged 19 to 29 (M = 24.4, SD = 2.84). Participants identified as Asian/Pacific Islander (23.0%), Black (22.4%), …

November 2026 Library & Learning Newsletter, Minnesota State University, Mankato. Library & Learning Dean's Office Communication Team

Library & Learning Newsletters

PDF version of the November 2026 (Volume 5, Issue 3) Library & Learning Newsletter.

Meeting Survivors Where They Are: Gbv Service Fit And Mismatch In Rural Communities, Ziwei Qi, Rachel Dolechek, Naishuo Sun

Social Work Faculty Publications

Gender-based violence (GBV) poses ongoing challenges in rural communities, where structural and cultural barriers often hinder effective support. This qualitative study analyzed six listening sessions and two survivor panels with over 50 participants in a Midwestern state. Using trauma-informed care and cultural humility frameworks, we conducted reflexive thematic analysis to explore service alignment with local values and survivor needs. Two themes emerged: service fits, marked by adaptive, trust-based practices; and service mismatches, involving rigid systems and cultural isolation. Findings highlight the need for survivor-led, flexible, and culturally grounded responses to enhance rural GBV service delivery and promote long-term well-being.

Data Bits To Identify Survey Bots And Insincere Respondents, Elena P. Noetzel, Abigail Beavers, Erin Dannecker

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

Information technologies increasingly influence the quality of online survey data. To better understand the quality of online survey data, the researchers conducted a secondary analysis of a survey’s (Study 1; N = 98) data elements and a pilot study (Study 2; N = 20) with a new online survey. The researchers asked: (1) what data elements differed between suspected sincere or insincere survey participants and, (2) how have other researchers checked and perceived checked data from online surveys? In Study 1, the researchers grouped participants into suspected sincere or insincere cohorts based on their survey access method and email address …

Organic Solvent-Assisted Pore Structure Modulation In Porous Carbons For Superior Energy Storage Performance In Supercapacitors, Jibi Kunjumon, Gurwinder Singh, Ajanya M. Ruban, Harleen Kaur, Alan Larson, Ranjit Pati, Et Al.

Michigan Tech Publications

The pore structure is a significant feature of porous carbons that accounts for their excellent performance in supercapacitors; however, the literature on pore modulation and cleansing is scarce. Here, a novel approach based on organic solvent-assisted pore modulation is reported to tune the pore hierarchy and local carbon-layer arrangement in porous carbons derived from waste biomass. The strategy involves adsorbing n-heptane into porous carbon at room temperature, thereby facilitating realignment of the carbon layers, improving pore hierarchy, and generating short-range graphitic domains. The solvent-assisted pore modulation, together with the high surface area and graphitization, led to a significant increase of …

Mgrre_Thinsections_Mgrre_11_2, Mgrre

Thin Sections

No abstract provided.

Tribal Federalism: Expanding The Indian Gaming Paradigm, Adam Crepelle

Michigan Law Review

Federalism has long been celebrated for its ability to foster policy innovation, transforming states into “laboratories of democracy.” Yet, federalism discourse has largely neglected Indian tribes, the third sovereign in the American constitutional order. Tribes regularly implement novel policies. However, tribal policy innovation is hindered by uncertainty over whether tribes or states govern Indian country activities.

The most influential framework for determining the scope of tribal versus state regulatory power in Indian country is derived from the Supreme Court’s opinion in California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians—the case that launched Indian gaming. Cabazon held that tribes cannot permit …

Scalpels, Not Hatchets: Beyond Access Bans And Toward A Design-Based Framework For Social Media Regulation, Case Thomason

Michigan Law Review

State legislatures have enacted more than a dozen statutes restricting minors’ access to social media platforms in response to mounting evidence of harm to minors’ mental health. Nearly every one of these laws has been struck down in federal court before taking effect. The problem is structural, in that lawmakers have been using hatchets rather than scalpels to address this issue. Hatchets are sweeping, access-based restrictions that condition minors’ access to platforms on age verification or parental consent. In contrast, scalpels are precise, design-based regulations that target specific platform features such as infinite scroll, push notifications, and engagement-maximizing recommendation algorithms …

Analyzing Developer Discussions On Eu And Us Privacy Legislation Compliance In Github Repositories, Georgia M. Kapitsaki, Maria Papoutsoglou, Christoph Treude, Ioanna Theophilou

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Context: Privacy legislation has impacted the way software systems are developed, prompting practitioners to update their implementations. Specifically, the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) have forced the community to focus on users’ data privacy. Objectives: Relying on the vast amount of data on developer issues available in GitHub repositories, our aim is to gather empirical evidence on the issues developers of Open Source Software discuss to comply with privacy legislation. Method: We examined such discussions by mining and analyzing 32,820 issues from GitHub repositories. We partially analyzed the dataset automatically to identify …

Spatialimaginer: Towards Adaptive Visual Imagination For Spatial Reasoning, Yian Li, Yang Jiao, Bin Zhu, Tianwen Qian, Shaoxiang Chen, Jingjing Chen, Yu-Gang Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Spatial intelligence, which refers to the ability to reason about geometric and physical structure from visual observations, remains a core challenge for multimodal large language models. Despite promising performance, recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often exhibit fragile reasoning traces in spatial intelligence tasks that involve consistent spatial state recognition. We argue that these failures stem from a mismatch between the spatial recognition mechanism and the text-only reasoning behavior of these MLLMs. Effective spatial reasoning requires low-level geometric structure to be faithfully preserved and updated throughout the reasoning process, whereas textual representations tend to abstract away precisely these critical details. …

The Human Right To Due Process In U.S. Immigration Courts, Sarah Dávila A., Alejandra Palacios, Emily Mccabe

Faculty White Papers

No abstract provided.

A Finite Element Model For Thermomechanical Stress-Strain Fields In Transversely Isotropic Strain-Limiting Materials, Saugata Ghosh, Dambaru Bhatta, S. M. Mallikarjunaiah

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

This paper presents a comprehensive computational framework for investigating thermo-elastic fracture in transversely isotropic materials, where classical linear elasticity fails to predict physically realistic behavior near stress concentrations. We address the challenge of unphysical strain singularities at crack tips by employing a strain-limiting theory of elasticity. This theory is characterized by an algebraically nonlinear constitutive relationship between stress and strain, which intrinsically enforces a limit on the norm of the strain tensor. This approach allows the development of very large stresses, as expected near a crack tip, while ensuring that the corresponding strains remain physically bounded. A loosely coupled system …

J Mich Dent Assoc Nov. 2026

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The November 2026 issue of the Journal of the Michigan Dental Association provides comprehensive coverage of professional, legal, and operational developments impacting Michigan dentists. Key topics include an analysis of dental emergency visits at Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), leadership principles within organized dentistry, advocacy efforts surrounding Senate Bill 105 regarding virtual credit card reimbursement fees, practice transition, embezzlement prevention, employee documentation compliance, and member services. This issue highlights community, equity, and legislative engagement aimed at supporting dental practices and improving statewide public oral health.

Nov. 2026 Dentistry And The Law - Practice Break-Ups/Ownership Of Patient Records, Daniel Schulte Jd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This legal column addresses complex issues surrounding dental practice break-ups and the ownership of patient records. Author Daniel J. Schulte, JD, provides guidance on establishing clear employment, shareholder, and buy-sell agreements from the inception of a practice partnership. Proactive legal structuring ensures continuity of patient care, clarifies record ownership rights, and mitigates the risk of costly litigation during practice transitions.

Managing Collaboration Under Conservation Crisis: Trust, Risk, And Control In The Gulf Of Maine Fishery Management Network, Evelyn Roozee, Owen Temby, Dongkyu Kim, Antonia Sohns, Anthony Rocha Lima, Jasper R. De Vries, Gordon M. Hickey

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Transboundary fishery management and the intertwined conservation of critically endangered species represent significant governance challenges that require ongoing inter-organizational communication, collaboration, and collective action to achieve shared objectives. Previous research suggests that inter-organizational collaborative performance depends heavily on different dimensions of trust and complementary control mechanisms to mitigate the perceived risks of collaborating and enable the reciprocal sharing of resources and the coordination of activities. However, it is unclear how proposed relationships between trust, risk, and control are shaped by disruptions to established transboundary management networks. This study presents the results of survey research conducted in the Gulf of Maine …

Effects Of Demineralization Protocols On Hydrogen And Oxygen Isotope Ratios In Fossil Bone Collagen, Linda M. Reynard

Boise State University Publications and Presentations

The effect of three commonly used preparation protocols on bone collagen δ2H and δ18O values was investigated, using six generally well-preserved faunal bones (cattle, bison, horse) ranging in age from the Holocene to Late Pleistocene. The treatments tested were ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid demineralization without gelatinization and hydrochloric acid demineralization with and without gelatinization. There are significant shifts in δ18O values among preparation methods. No systematic shifts in bone collagen δ2H values were noted among the three treatments, and most offsets were low (< 2–3 ‰) and smaller than typical measurement uncertainties. A few sample/treatment combinations yielded slightly higher inter-treatment δ2H differences (∼ 5–7 ‰). Lower mass fraction of hydrogen in …

Reliability And Validity Of Upper Extremity Neurocognitive Reactive Tests In Collegiate Athletes, Matthew L. Gauthier, Marisa Pontillo, George J. Davies

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Objectives: Neurocognitive function is vital in sports, but evidence supporting neurocognitive reaction testing in upper extremity return-to-sport testing is limited. This study's purpose was to quantify measurement properties of upper extremity reactive testing in collegiate athletes, hypothesizing acceptable measurement properties for clinical use.

Design: Cross-Sectional Study.

Setting: Collegiate athletics.

Participants: Sixty-three healthy athletes (25 females, age = 20.8 ± 1.6 years, BMI = 25.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2; 38 males, age = 20.8 ± 1.6, BMI = 25.7 ± 2.6 kg/m2).

Main outcome measure(s): Successful touches and average reaction time on the Upper Extremity Reactive Closed Kinetic Chain Test (UERCKCT) and …

The Influence Of Childhood Experiential History On Elon Musk’S Personality, Amelia Brower, Aubrey Immelman

Psychology Faculty Publications

This paper presents the results of a developmental causal analysis of the adult personality of innovative entrepreneur and business leader Elon Musk, from the conceptual perspective of personologist Theodore Millon.

Psychodiagnostically relevant data relating to Musk’s personality were collected from biographical sources and media reports and synthesized into a personality profile using the Millon Inventory of Diagnostic Criteria (MIDC), which yields 34 normal and maladaptive personality classifications congruent with DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-5-TR.

The findings of the personality assessment were previously reported in a separate paper. Musk’s primary personality patterns were found to be Ambitious/self-serving and Dominant/controlling, …

November 2026, Swosu Bulldog Wellness Committee

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Codee Expects That Every Mathematician Will Do Their Odes: From The Battle Of Trafalgar To Calculus (Or Nelson To Newton), Steven Miller

CODEE Journal

Using the historical Battle of Trafalgar as a case study, we introduce students to mathematical modeling to describe and explore real-world systems. Starting with the question—how do force sizes and combat effectiveness determine which side wins?—we show how to use a blend of mathematics and computational tools to investigate the answer. Beginning by defining a simple differential equation model for combat dynamics, we analyze its behavior using differential equations and accessible algebraic techniques. We show how computational methods and simulations can support systematic, visual exploration and suggest conjectures that mathematical analysis can then establish. This material could serve as the …

Nonhuman Speakers And The Constitution, Helen Norton

Fordham Law Review

Long-standing free speech law sometimes does—and sometimes does not—turn on speakers’ human character. This Essay explores how these doctrinal threads might shape the constitutional doctrine applied to generative artificial intelligence’s (AI) speech outputs if we assume that a human speaker cannot be identified as the creator of those words and images—and that those words and images are nevertheless considered “speech” for First Amendment purposes.

For example, First Amendment doctrine sometimes requires proof of a speaker’s culpable mental state before that speaker can be held liable for what would otherwise be unprotected speech. These requirements seek to prevent the chilling of …

Digital Gaze And Constitutional Democracy At 250, Catherine Powell

Fordham Law Review

The panopticon of digital surveillance undermines identity formation and realization of our authentic selves. This Essay offers a new insight by conceptualizing alienation from genuine selfhood as a form of “double consciousness.” W.E.B. Du Bois formulated the notion of double consciousness—the dual awareness inherent in negotiating between a self-defined identity and an externally imposed one. Just as Du Bois speaks of “double consciousness” for African Americans, the ever-present digital gaze to which we are now all subject—regardless of our race—creates a similar duality. I call this duality “online double consciousness,” which is compounded for people of color and other historically …

Clickwrap Accountability, Alicia Solow-Niederman

Fordham Law Review

Picture a public‑facing generative artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot on a government website that can answer questions about benefits eligibility. Systems like these expose a sociotechnical-legal divide: They route around the standard due process framework because there has been no formal government determination, yet they induce reliance from users, above and beyond past rounds of automated legal guidance. Moreover, if there is an error, current doctrine on government errors and equitable estoppel makes relief unlikely.

This Essay focuses on government deployment of public‑facing generative AI chatbots and critically assesses the front‑end power dynamics that determine who is filtered out of government …

Algorithmic Models And The Freedom Of Speech, Alexander Tsesis

Fordham Law Review

Intentionality and reason are intrinsic features of the human mind that large language models (LLMs) entirely lack. Although LLMs generate natural-language sentences through algorithmic processes, autonomously produced machine speech lacks the consciousness of human speakers. This intrinsic distinction between natural persons and artificial machines is consequential to whether LLM-generated outputs are covered by the First Amendment. Scholars who equate the constitutional value of human speech with algorithmic outputs tend to emphasize the informational value of those outputs to audiences while giving insufficient attention to the absence of machine consciousness. The conscious underpinnings of thought and their relation to constitutional protections …

Climate Change Under Customary International Law: Must The United States Protect The Climate System?, Daniel Rees

Fordham Law Review

On July 23, 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued its “Advisory Opinion on Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change,” concluding that “the full gamut of international law applies to climate change.” Beyond treaty-based duties, the ICJ recognized that customary international law imposes obligations on all states to protect the climate. The advisory opinion emerged from unprecedented participation by states and international organizations, reflecting a growing consensus that addressing climate change is a legal obligation. This Note explores the legal implications of recognizing a customary international law duty to protect the climate system. It posits that these …

Quality Reveals What Quantity Conceals: Deceptive Equity Patterns In Urban Green Space Distribution, Zheng Xian, Yoshiharu Suzuki, Kun Liu, Clive E. Sabel, Naoki Nakaya, Atsushi Hozawa, Tomoki Nakaya

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Equitable provision of urban green space depends on how green space exposure is measured, yet aggregate, quantity-focused metrics can mask disparities in quality. We introduce the concept of deceptive equity, in which apparent distributional fairness conceals substantive inequality, and test it across 344 postcode areas in Sendai, Japan. Across three dimensions — ecological (NDVI), perceptual (Green View Index) and service provision (accessible park count) — we paired a quantity indicator with a quality indicator. A quantity–quality divergence emerged in every dimension: wherever a quality indicator showed a significant socioeconomic gradient it favoured affluent areas, whereas the corresponding quantity indicators were …

A Review Of Bast Fibres And Their Composites: Part 5 ~ Sustainability, Luke Branca, Badr Moutik, John Summerscales

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a methodology for the evaluation of the (relative) potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle. It is standardised under the ISO14040 and ISO14044 series. When conducted rigorously, LCA provides a quantitative framework for comparing environmental impact and can challenge or substantiate common assumptions regarding environmental performance of the system. However, it is essential that any reported results are read in combination with the defined goal and scope, as the choice of the system boundary and/or the allocation of burdens and other methodological choices can influence the outcome presented. This review will …

Differences In Infection Prevention And Control Staffing Between Free-Standing And System-Affiliated Hospitals: A National Survey., Lucas Philip, Vittorio Maio, Pamela De Cordova, Elizabeth Monsees, Raegan Davis, Pat Moeller, Andrew Dick, Scott W Keith, Monika Pogorzelska-Maziarz

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Infection prevention and control (IPC) staffing varies across US hospitals, and traditional bed-based benchmarks may no longer reflect contemporary workloads or organizational structures. With most hospitals now system-affiliated, understanding how affiliation influences infection preventionist (IP) staffing is critical for modernizing guidance.

METHODS: A national survey was distributed to US acute care hospitals participating in the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) from August to December 2023, assessing IPC staffing, resource availability, and organizational structure. Hospitals were categorized as free-standing or system-affiliated; differences were assessed with Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-square tests.

RESULTS: Of 741 responding hospitals, 550 (74%) were system-affiliated and …

Lrq-Solver: A Transformer-Based Neural Operator For Fast And Accurate Solving Of Large-Scale 3d Pdes, Peijian Zeng, Guan Wang, Haohao Gu, Xiaoguang Hu, Tiezhu Gao, Zhuowei Wang, Aimin Yang, Xiaoyu Song

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Solving large-scale PDEs on complex three-dimensional geometries remains a central challenge in scientific and engineering computing, often due to expensive pre-processing stages and high computational overhead. We present Low-Rank Query-based PDE Solver (LRQ-Solver), a physics-integrated deep learning framework for efficient CAE simulations of complex three-dimensional geometries in CAD-driven design analysis. Built upon the Parameter-Conditioned Lagrangian Modeling (PCLM) that embeds physical consistency into the learning process and the Low-Rank Query Attention (LR-QA) module that reduces attention complexity from O(N2) to O(NC2+C3) via covariance decomposition, LRQ-Solver supports multi-configuration analysis within iterative design workflows. On two benchmark datasets, it achieves a 28.6% error …