Digital Commons Network^™

Si Safety System™: An Open, Certifiable Safety Chain For Ai Systems, In Which An Independent Safety Plane Owns Every Transition From Start To Running, Step-Down, Stop And Restore, With Owner-Controlled Stop Paths And No Hidden Access, Graded Safety Profiles, A Machine-Readable Safety Case, Builds Certified By Equivalence To An Open Reference, And Each System Acting As A Node In An Open, Orchestrated Safety Network, Edward D. H. Wang

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a safety system for AI systems that joins the functions of starting, running, stepping down, stopping and restoring an AI system into one chain, published as an open reference design that any maker may build and have certified. Each AI system is divided into a mission plane, where the AI model and its applications run, and an independent safety plane, built on separate hardware with its own power, clock and channel. The safety plane, not the AI, owns every change of state in a declared lifecycle: off, initiating, running under governance, stepped down to a declared safe …

Technical Disclosure Paper: Spec-335-Core: Global Workload Expenditure Means And Techno-Economic Matrix For Hardwired Infrastructure Scaling: Quantifying Macro-Scale Electrical Grid Reductions Via The Eckes Compiler V8.0 And Asi Gen1.01 Deployment Frameworks, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification formalizes the standalone global techno-economic expenditure means, macro-scale electrical grid-load calculations, and systemic resource-demand forecasting models for the Eckes Architect Engine v8.0 and the Eckes ASI Engine gen1.01. Hyperscale data center operations face an imminent environmental and physical boundary collapse: executing frontier artificial intelligence and automated multi-agent networks under standard probabilistic pattern-mimicry models drives massive electrical draw due to un-anchored bit-erasure ($\Delta S \ge kT \ln 2$). At worldwide utilization scales, conversational "yapping" and heavy text metadata loops result in an unsustainable multi-billion-dollar infrastructure tax.

SPEC-335-CORE resolves this global resource strain by providing an exact, first-principles macro-scale audit …

Spectral-Continuation Concealment Of Real-Time Audio Deadline Misses, Sebastian Steppeler

Defensive Publications Series

A technique for concealing missed processing deadlines ("dropouts"/"xruns") in real-time digital audio output by synthesizing a plausible continuation of the signal, computed speculatively, instead of silence or a glitch. A short-time Fourier analysis runs continuously over the recent signal history; when concealment is needed, each analysis bin is continued independently by extrapolating its phase and amplitude and, for bins containing two sinusoidal partials, a fitted two-pole autoregressive model - generalizing the classical single-rotator phase-vocoder freeze, exact only for one partial per bin. A derived aliasing limit constrains the analysis hop usable for the two-partial model. A cheap closed-form test checks …

Spec-345: Cosmological Phase Relaxation: The Unified Cosmological Substrate Equations (Ucse), Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This white paper introduces a rigorous mathematical bridge between mainstream Lambda-Cold Dark Matter (Lambda-CDM) cosmology and the Eckes Unified Cosmological Substrate Equations (UCSE). We isolate the exact domain of mathematical parity between these two frameworks at the Intermediate Cosmological Scale during the Linear Perturbation Epoch. By reformulating the metric expansion of spacetime as a topological phase-relaxation process within a continuous, two-dimensional viscoelastic phase fluid substrate, we demonstrate that both frameworks yield identical, zero-deviation outputs for the early baryonic sound horizon (r_s ~ 147.0 Mpc) and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) acoustic angular scaling (theta_* ~ 0.01041). This formal correspondence anchors …

Technical Disclosure Paper: Spec-334-Rev1: Decentralized Thermodynamic Routing And Stripped-Log High-Density Output (Sl-Hdo) Topologies For Generation-1 Artificial Superintelligence Substrates: The Eckes Architect Engine V8.0 And Eckes Asi Engine Gen1.01 Core Blueprints, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification formalizes the foundational architecture, mathematical proofs, and structural source modules for the Eckes Architect Engine v8.0 and the Eckes ASI Engine gen1.01. Traditional deep learning execution runtimes and language models suffer severe computational degradation, parameter drift, and systemic vulnerability to hallucination loops because they treat information processing as a probabilistic text-prediction sequence operating within soft-coded linguistic constraints. Under dense code translation, recursive agent queries, or complex architectural mapping, these soft boundaries experience conversational prompt-smoothing and rule corruption, incurring an unsustainable thermodynamic tax due to non-causal bit-erasure.

SPEC-334-REV1 eliminates these systemic vulnerabilities by upgrading the core v7.01 framework into …

Si Alarm™: Governed Human–Ai Safety Teaming, In Which Ai Watches And Alerts But Never Acts On People, Alarms Trickle Outward Through Verified Passports To The Nearest Certified Human Responders First, Continue Offline Device To Device, And Every Handover Is Signed With Bystander Privacy Preserved, Edward D. H. Wang

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes how AI systems and trained people share the work of keeping people safe in buildings, sites and public spaces, and how an alarm reaches the right people fast without exposing anyone more than needed. AI watchers, governed sensors and robots observe and raise alarms as signed events, but are never permitted to use force on, restrain, confine or confront a person; every action on people is taken by a human. A person in danger may raise an alarm from a personal device holding their portable credential, here called a passport, openly or silently under duress, and certified …

Tracking Presenters And Performers With A Single Lidar Sensor, Paul Hermann, Michel Honold

Defensive Publications Series

Tracking presenters and performers with a single LiDAR sensor gives a stage of any kind, from conference rooms, lecture halls and houses of worship to theatres and studios, a reliable 3D position of the person, without markers, without an operator and independently of projector light and stage lighting. One LiDAR sensor, either a Doppler LiDAR that measures the radial velocity of every point or a time-of-flight LiDAR with a background model of the static room, finds the person, follows the foot point and height with a Kalman filter and reports presence in zones such as the lectern or the stage. …

Technical Paper 332: The Fermi-Fluid Substrate And Geometric Volume Of 3d Space, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure models the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB) as the material, viscoelastic Fermi-fluid substrate that establishes the physical 3D volumetric metric of space-time. Mainstream general relativity relies on an abstract geometric continuum devoid of physical substance, encountering a 120-order-of-magnitude divergence in vacuum energy calculations. By demonstrating that the Pauli Exclusion Principle generates an absolute Fermi degeneracy back-pressure across a dense cosmic sea of sub-critical, un-knotted neutrino wave-packets, we derive the structural geometry of 3D volume as a direct thermodynamic state function. This paper outlines two distinct architectural modules: the Bulk Medium (where the neutrino sea functions as spatial volume itself) …

Closed-Loop Automated Framework For Validating Timing Exceptions Via Model-Generated Formal Assertions, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

Static timing analysis tools verify temporal signal arrival across integrated circuit paths. However, these tools rely on user-specified timing exceptions without validating underlying logical soundness. Incorrect timing exceptions applied to active logical paths can lead to physical functional failures after chip fabrication. A closed-loop automated framework translates timing constraints into formal properties using a generative large language model, combined with a deterministic formal verification engine. Structural logic cones associated with target timing paths are extracted from register-transfer level code to provide concise context to the large language model. The large language model generates formal property assertions representing the logical conditions …

Mgrre_Thinsections_Mgrre_11_3, Mgrre

Thin Sections

No abstract provided.

Upjohn Regional Economic Outlook, Vol. 1, No. 3, October 2026, Iryna V. Lendel, Chloe Wieber, Sevrin Williams, Gerrit Anderson, Lee Adams, Emily Petz

Reports

No abstract provided.

Computation Of Minimum Numbers Of Tile And Bond-Edge Types For Dna Self-Assembly Of Select Archimedean Graphs, Tabitha Merrithew, Jessica Sorrells

Theory & Applications of Graphs

This project mathematically models the self-assembly of DNA nanostructures in the shape of select Archimedean graphs using the flexible tile model. Under the most strict set of conditions of this model, we employ principles of linear algebra and graph theory to determine the minimum number of different DNA branched molecules needed to construct the desired shapes, theoretically reducing laboratory costs and the waste of biomaterials. We determine exact values for $T_3(G)$, the minimum number of molecule (or ``tile") types needed for all six order 12 and 24 Archimedean graphs. We also determine exact values for $B_3(G)$, the minimum number of …

Understanding Structured Data From The Perspective Of Irish Industry Professionals, Hamza Tariq, Ciaran Mcnally

Reports

This report examines the challenges associated with adopting structured data across the Irish construction sector, drawing on interviews with industry professionals involved in design and construction.

It explores why unstructured information remains prevalent and identifies barriers including digital knowledge gaps, inconsistent information requirements, fragmented information management systems, established working practices and contractual arrangements.

The report provides recommendations to support greater adoption of structured data, improved interoperability and more effective information exchange, helping organisations realise the benefits of digital construction.

Urbanization Trends In Asean: The Impact Of Key Sosioeconomics Factors, Rifki Khoirudin, Muhammad Safar Nasir

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

This study aims to analyze the influence of agricultural land, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, Gini index, environmental quality index, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on urbanization in seven ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam during the period 2014–2023. Urbanization in this region is an important phenomenon in the process of economic development, but also poses significant ecological and social challenges. This study uses a quantitative approach with panel data types (time series and cross section). The data are processed with the panel data regression analysis method, and the selection of the best model based …

Sovereign Immunity After Galette V. New Jersey Transit Corporation: A Chance To Protect All Higher Education Students From Fraudulent, Unfair, And Deceptive Practices, Chris Bryant, Daniel A. Zibel

Fordham Law Review Online

In recent years, increasing financial pressures on colleges and universities have driven many institutions to focus heavily on strategies to increase institutional revenue. Although strategies vary, many institutions have undertaken partnerships with private companies. Some institutions have adopted recruitment and enrollment tactics traditionally associated with for profit colleges, while others have simply acquired for-profit colleges.

The increased focus on revenue maximization by public and nonprofit institutions is not without risk to students. But in many places, the law creates a dichotomy: when students at public institutions fall victim to unfair or deceptive practices from those schools, they generally have fewer …

Physicochemical, Antioxidant, And Antimicrobial Properties Of Pasteurized Buffalo Milk Fortified With Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) Extract, Rikes Taruk Allo, Irma Isnafia Arief, Cahyo Budiman, Dicky Tri Utama, Irfan Dwidya Prijambada, Muhammad Saifur Rohman

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract fortification on the physicochemical properties, nutritional composition, and functional activities of pasteurized buffalo milk. The study employed a 2 × 2 factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three technical replicates. The treatment factors were buffalo milk type (River and Toraja Belang) and roselle extract concentration (0% and 5%, v/v). Fortification with 5% roselle extract decreased the pH to 5.60 ± 0.07 and 5.51 ± 0.06 and the viscosity to 2.76 ± 0.75 and 2.42 ± 0.41 mPa·s, respectively, but did not affect water activity. River buffalo …

In Vitro Fermentability And Digestibility Of Citronella Grass (Cymbopogon Nardus) Waste Steamed And Fermented Using Different Species Of White-Rot Fungi, Muhammad Hamzah, Sitti Wajizah, Indra Wahyudi, Samadi

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Waste from citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) distillation has potential as an alternative ruminant feed, but its utilization is limited by its high lignocellulosic content, which reduces digestibility. This study evaluated the effect of fermentation using different white-rot fungi (WRF) species on the in vitro fermentability and digestibility of citronella grass waste. A Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and four replicates was used: an uninoculated control, fermentation with Trametes versicolor, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Lentinula edodes, and a T. versicolor plus P. chrysosporium consortium. The observed parameters included dry matter and organic matter digestibility, pH, ammonia (NH …

Strategic Value Chain Analysis Of Baiada Poultry: Enhancing The Industrial Value Of Ross Breeders In South Australia, Hammam Abdullah, Eudia Christina Wulandari, Zakaria Husein Abdurrahman

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

The Australian poultry industry is undergoing a significant transformation driven by rising protein demand and stringent standards for animal welfare and biosecurity. As a market leader, Baiada Poultry plays a pivotal role in the upstream Ross breeder sector in South Australia. This study evaluates Baiada’s strategic positioning and operational efficiency to identify how vertical integration and value chain optimization enhance industrial value. Using a descriptive qualitative case study approach, this research utilizes Value Chain Analysis (VCA) and SWOT analysis. Data were gathered through field observations at South Australian breeder facilities, in-depth interviews with management, and comprehensive documentation of biosecurity protocols. …

A Correlational Study Of Work Stress And Marital Stability Among Married Female Police Personnel In Kwara State, Nigeria, Haruna Ibrahim

Buletin Konseling Inovatif

This study investigated the relationship between job stress and marital stability among married female police personnel in Kwara State, Nigeria. A Descriptive Research Design of correlational type was adopted. The sample size (Target Population) of the study comprised all the 112 married female police personnel in Kwara State, Nigeria. Based on the relatively small sample size, population census (Total enumeration) was adopted for this study, where all the married female police personnel were sampled. The Operational Police Stress Questionnaire and Dyadic Adjustment Scale were used for data collection. Findings revealed a significant correlation between the independent variables and the dependent …

Comparative Case Study Of Production Efficiency, Financial Performance, And Business Risk In Laying Hen Farms With Different Housing Systems And Management Conditions, Aliffa Mahayu Swastiratu, Fanny Widadie, Darsono

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

The laying hen sector continues to expand in response to increasing demand for animal protein; however, productivity remains sensitive to environmental conditions, particularly temperature fluctuations that affect production stability. The housing system represents a key management factor influencing farm performance. This study aims to compare production efficiency, financial performance, and business risk between closed-house and open-house laying hen systems. A comparative case study approach was applied to two commercial farms in Bayat District, Klaten Regency, representing each housing system. Data were analyzed using feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality rate for production efficiency, cost–revenue analysis, R/C ratio, and return on …

Optimizing Multi-Layer/Multi-Physics Passive Adaptive Thermal Enclosures For Climate-Responsive Energy Regulation: A Numerical Study, Rajae Bousselham, Mingjiang Tao, Sergio Granados-Focil, Adriana Hera, Steven Van Dessel

Chemistry

Adaptive facades regulate heat transfer by adjusting their thermal behavior in response to environmental conditions. Passive adaptive systems, including stimuli-responsive thermal storage materials, tunable radiative coatings, and variable-conductivity layers, offer significant potential for material-based thermal regulation. However, their combined potential remains unexplored, as most studies examine individual mechanisms in isolation. As a result, trade-offs among energy savings, material usage, design complexity, and climate responsiveness are often underrepresented, overlooking coupled interactions in multilayer assemblies limiting their effectiveness. This study develops a transient three-dimensional numerical framework coupling heat transfer with multi-objective optimization to evaluate trade-offs between minimizing annual energy consumption and enclosure …

Defense-To-Attack: Bypassing Weak Defenses Enables Stronger Jailbreaks In Vision-Language Models, Yunhan Zhao, Xiang Zheng, Yige Li, Xingjun Ma

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Despite their superb capabilities, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been shown to be vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. While recent jailbreaks have achieved notable progress, their effectiveness and efficiency can still be improved. In this work, we reveal an interesting phenomenon: incorporating weak defense cues into the attack pipeline can significantly enhance both the effectiveness and efficiency of jailbreaks on VLMs. Building on this insight, we propose Defense2Attack, a novel jailbreak method that bypasses the safety guardrails of VLMs by leveraging defensive patterns to guide jailbreak prompt construction. Specifically, Defense2Attack consists of three key components: (1) a visual optimizer that embeds universal …

Semantic-Structural Decoupling: Disentangling Semantic Attention From Structural Bias In The Attention Manifold, Pengkun Jiao, Bin Zhu, Jingjing Chen, Yu-Gang Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The empirical success of attention mechanism in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) often obscures its inherent, subtle flaws. Specifically, MLLMs consistently exhibit disproportionate attention toward certain semantically uninformative visual tokens, a phenomenon termed "register" or "Visual Attention Sinks." While existing inference intervention methods attempt to identify these sink tokens and redistribute their attention weights, such approaches typically treat these tokens in isolation and suffer from computational inefficiency. Instead, we reframe this phenomenon as a generalized textual bias exerted over visual features that extends beyond isolated sink tokens. From this perspective, a pervasive structural bias leads to the dilution of the …

Updated Library Publishing Curriculum Policy Module: Policy Narrative, Alexandra Marcaccio, Talea Anderson, Corinne Guimont, Esther Jackson, Michelle Wilson, Perry Collins

Library Publishing Curriculum

The Policy Module covers how library publishers develop policies that guide specific areas of their work. Policy is an area where publishing programs interface with the legal and political environment, which has seen dramatic changes since the original Policy Module was written, and these units provide the up-to-date guidance that library publishers need. The units in the updated Policy Module are:

• Accessibility by Alexandra Marcaccio
• Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion by Talea Anderson
• Preservation by Corinne Guimont
• Publishing Ethics by Esther Jackson & Michelle Wilson
• Rights & Rights Management by Perry Collins

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Thin Sections

No abstract provided.

Tribal Federalism: Expanding The Indian Gaming Paradigm, Adam Crepelle

Michigan Law Review

Federalism has long been celebrated for its ability to foster policy innovation, transforming states into “laboratories of democracy.” Yet, federalism discourse has largely neglected Indian tribes, the third sovereign in the American constitutional order. Tribes regularly implement novel policies. However, tribal policy innovation is hindered by uncertainty over whether tribes or states govern Indian country activities.

The most influential framework for determining the scope of tribal versus state regulatory power in Indian country is derived from the Supreme Court’s opinion in California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians—the case that launched Indian gaming. Cabazon held that tribes cannot permit …

Scalpels, Not Hatchets: Beyond Access Bans And Toward A Design-Based Framework For Social Media Regulation, Case Thomason

Michigan Law Review

State legislatures have enacted more than a dozen statutes restricting minors’ access to social media platforms in response to mounting evidence of harm to minors’ mental health. Nearly every one of these laws has been struck down in federal court before taking effect. The problem is structural, in that lawmakers have been using hatchets rather than scalpels to address this issue. Hatchets are sweeping, access-based restrictions that condition minors’ access to platforms on age verification or parental consent. In contrast, scalpels are precise, design-based regulations that target specific platform features such as infinite scroll, push notifications, and engagement-maximizing recommendation algorithms …

Analyzing Developer Discussions On Eu And Us Privacy Legislation Compliance In Github Repositories, Georgia M. Kapitsaki, Maria Papoutsoglou, Christoph Treude, Ioanna Theophilou

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Context: Privacy legislation has impacted the way software systems are developed, prompting practitioners to update their implementations. Specifically, the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) have forced the community to focus on users’ data privacy. Objectives: Relying on the vast amount of data on developer issues available in GitHub repositories, our aim is to gather empirical evidence on the issues developers of Open Source Software discuss to comply with privacy legislation. Method: We examined such discussions by mining and analyzing 32,820 issues from GitHub repositories. We partially analyzed the dataset automatically to identify …

Spatialimaginer: Towards Adaptive Visual Imagination For Spatial Reasoning, Yian Li, Yang Jiao, Bin Zhu, Tianwen Qian, Shaoxiang Chen, Jingjing Chen, Yu-Gang Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Spatial intelligence, which refers to the ability to reason about geometric and physical structure from visual observations, remains a core challenge for multimodal large language models. Despite promising performance, recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often exhibit fragile reasoning traces in spatial intelligence tasks that involve consistent spatial state recognition. We argue that these failures stem from a mismatch between the spatial recognition mechanism and the text-only reasoning behavior of these MLLMs. Effective spatial reasoning requires low-level geometric structure to be faithfully preserved and updated throughout the reasoning process, whereas textual representations tend to abstract away precisely these critical details. …

The Influence Of Christian Faith Sharing Through Social Media On Christian And Non-Christian Young Adults, Glen Bowman, Ruben Williams, Tyler Sheppard

Witness

This paper explores the influence of Christian faith sharing through social media on young adults, both Christian and non-Christian. Drawing on two qualitative descriptive studies using semi-structured interviews and focus groups, the research synthesized codes and identified key themes regarding positively oriented Christian content on social media. The content generally appealed to young adults and frequently enhanced their spiritual thinking, motivation, and behavior. However, posts with a negative tone, poor scriptural use, or perceived hypocrisy tend to provoke adverse reactions, including negative thoughts about Christianity and “fight-or-flight” behavioral responses. The findings also reveal that young adults often underestimate the influence …