Digital Commons Network^™

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Executive Actions

No abstract provided.

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Executive Actions

No abstract provided.

Associations Of Blood Pressure Level And Variability With Cortical Thickness: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From The Maracaibo Aging Study, Romeo De Leon, Shana Garza, Silvia Mejia-Arango, Kristina Vatcheva, Sokratis Charisis, Claudia L. Satizabal, Luis J. Mena, Joseph H. Lee, Joseph D. Terwilliger, Eron Manusov

School of Medicine Publications

Background: Although high blood pressure (BP) level and variability are associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), their relationship with cortical thickness in brain regions that are associated with AD is unclear. Furthermore, the role of 24-hour BP has not been examined. We investigated the associations of office and ambulatory BP measures with cortical thickness in brain regions implicated in AD.

Methods: We performed a cross sectional analysis of 304 participants without dementia from a population-based study with office and 24-hour BP and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We considered cortical thickness values derived from 10 regions throughout the frontal, parietal, and …

Governing The Digital Commons, Madelyn Rose Sanfilippo, Brett Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, Katherine J. Strandburg

Faculty Publications

The digital commons, as the coproduction of data, digital cultural products, and community, raise a variety of governance issues. From questions of participation, including voice mechanisms, to the legitimacy of decision-making or ownership, to specific action arenas, governance is complex and dynamic, reflecting the characteristics of the networks in which these commons are situated. This mini-track explores governance challenges and solutions across an array of case studies to highlight governance failures and solutions, many of which focus on reconciling the intersections of different action arenas and aligning policies with contextual norms.

Clinical Informatics Education To Advance Learning Health Systems: A Scoping Review, Alexandra Zingg, L Ida Tovar, Laura Witte, Kelsey L Koym, Kyler Godwin

Library Staff Publications

Introduction: Learning health systems leverage clinical data and knowledge to advance healthcare quality. Effective training in informatics concepts and tools is essential for medical trainees to become health system experts and contributors to positive organizational change. The objective of this study is to summarize characteristics of existing clinical informatics training programs and map these to recommended Learning Health System informatics competencies. We aim to answer the following research questions: (1) How are academic medical institutions implementing informatics education initiatives for medical trainees? (2) Are these initiatives implementing recommended informatics competencies? and (3) How effective are these initiatives according to established …

Your Wellness Wheel [Activity], Alyssa Lemmermann, Kendra Lewis

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.

Stolen Childhood: Picture Book Stories Of Indian Residential Schools, Maughn Rollins Gregory

Picture Books

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries American and Canadian government agencies and Christian churches established Indian residential schools where hundreds of thousands of children were “reeducated” in English and Christianity. They were not allowed to use their native languages or given names, to practice their religions, or to communicate with their siblings or parents. They were made to work in crop fields, kitchens, laundries, and industrial workshops. Many were physically and sexually abused. Many never saw their families again. The nine picture books reviewed here are accounts of survivors of residential schools from eight different Indigenous nations. In addition to …

Shin-Chi’S Canoe (2008) By Nicola Campbell, Maughn Rollins Gregory

Picture Books

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries American and Canadian government agencies and Christian churches established Indian residential schools where hundreds of thousands of children were “reeducated” in English and Christianity. They were not allowed to use their native languages or given names, to practice their religions, or to communicate with their siblings or parents. They were made to work in crop fields, kitchens, laundries, and industrial workshops. Many were physically and sexually abused. Many never saw their families again. The nine picture books reviewed here are accounts of survivors of residential schools from eight different Indigenous nations. In addition to …

Muinji’J Asks Why (2022) By Shanika Maceachern And Breighlynn Maceachern, Maughn Rollins Gregory

Picture Books

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries American and Canadian government agencies and Christian churches established Indian residential schools where hundreds of thousands of children were “reeducated” in English and Christianity. They were not allowed to use their native languages or given names, to practice their religions, or to communicate with their siblings or parents. They were made to work in crop fields, kitchens, laundries, and industrial workshops. Many were physically and sexually abused. Many never saw their families again. The nine picture books reviewed here are accounts of survivors of residential schools from eight different Indigenous nations. In addition to …

Training Tomorrow’S Hand Surgeons: Clinical, Leadership, And Structural Trends In Fellowship Education, Ogonna N. Nnamani Silva, Aaron I. Dadzie, Chinenye Ogbonnah, Lydia A. Helliwell, Abhiram R. Bhashyam, Catherine M. Curtin, Tamara D. Rozental, Krystle R. Tuaño

School of Medicine Publications

Purpose: Hand surgery fellowships include trainees from orthopedic, plastic, and general surgery. These pathways present an opportunity to examine variations in graduate medical education structures, such as program size, sponsoring department, and leadership composition. Limited research exists on the characteristics of these programs. The purpose of this study is to assess the structural and leadership characteristics of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education-accredited hand surgery fellowships in the United States. We hypothesized that characteristics (ie, faculty-to-fellow ratios and case volume) vary by specialty sponsorship. Leadership, although shaped by merit-based criteria, faces challenges in achieving broader demographic diversity.

Methods: A …

Tuberculosis Presenting As Multiple Pulmonary Nodules Mimicking Malignancy, Abdel Martinez Borrego, Fatimah Bello, Brandon Cantazaro, Luisa Montoya, Frank Mediola

School of Medicine Publications

Multiple pulmonary nodules often raise concern for metastatic malignancy; however, the differential diagnosis is broad and includes infectious, inflammatory, granulomatous, vascular, and benign etiologies. Tuberculosis (TB), although uncommon, can present with multiple nodules that closely mimic metastatic disease on advanced imaging, requiring careful clinicoradiologic and microbiologic correlation. We describe a woman in her 50s who presented with dyspnea and new-onset heart failure, in whom imaging revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy and bilateral pulmonary nodules concerning for malignancy. Evaluation was limited by concurrent COVID-19 infection, and CT-guided biopsy demonstrated necrotizing granulomas without evidence of malignancy or infection. She later re-presented with fever and …

Multi-Period Coordinated Planning Of Xfcs In Coupled Tn-Pdn Networks: Integrating Demand Charge Reduction And Pre-Existing Infrastructure, Waqas Ur Rehman, Siyuan Wang, Liheng Lv, Jonathan W. Kimball, Rui Bo

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and transportation electrification is encumbered by two chief barriers: i) the limited driving range of EVs in the market today and ii) inadequate charging infrastructure support. This paper aims to address the latter bottleneck and proposes a strategic multi-period coordinated planning model to optimally site and size battery energy storage system (BESS) assisted extreme fast charging stations in a highway transportation network and solar systems in a power distribution network. The proposed approach accounts for pre-existing charging stations, the increasing EV penetration levels, decreasing technology costs, and technological advancements in the future and …

Large Language Models For Neurology: A Mini Review, Donald C. Wunsch, Daniel B. Hier

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Large language models have the potential to transform neurology by augmenting diagnostic reasoning, streamlining documentation, and improving workflow efficiency. This Mini Review surveys emerging applications of large language models in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy, with emphasis on ambient documentation, multimodal data integration, and clinical decision support. Key barriers to adoption include bias, privacy, reliability, and regulatory alignment. Looking ahead, neurology-focused language models may develop greater fluency in biomedical ontologies and FHIR standards, improving data interoperability and supporting more seamless collaboration between clinicians and AI systems. Two future developments have the potential to be particularly impactful: (1) …

Mitigating Hysteresis In Metal-Coated Fibers Via Optimized Thermal Treatment For Advanced Distributed High-Temperature Sensing Applications, Koustav Dey, Rony Kumer Saha, Bohong Zhang, S. Narasimman, Farhan Mumtaz, Jeffrey D. Smith, Rex E. Gerald, Ronald J. O'Malley, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Metal-coated optical fibers are widely employed in sensing applications owing to their superior mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. However, their calibration at elevated temperatures is hindered by hysteresis, manifested as discrepancies between heating and cooling cycles, primarily caused by residual strain from mismatched thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) between the metal coating and silica cladding. This research introduces an optimal heat treatment procedure aimed at minimizing the impact of the mismatch in TECs between the cladding and the coating materials that causes the residual strain in gold (Au) and copper (Cu) coated fibers for achieving reliable distributed high temperature sensing up …

Evaluation Of Multiple Generative Large Language Models On Neurology Board-Style Questions, Mohammad Almomani, Vijaya Valaparla, James Weatherhead, Xiang Fang, Alok Dabi, Chih Ying Li, Peter Mccaffrey, Dan Hier, Jorge Mario Rodríguez-Fernández

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Objective: To compare the performance of eight large language models (LLMs) with neurology residents on board-style multiple-choice questions across seven subspecialties and two cognitive levels. Methods: In a cross-sectional benchmarking study, we evaluated Bard, Claude, Gemini v1, Gemini 2.5, ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-4o, and ChatGPT-5 using 107 text-only items spanning movement disorders, vascular neurology, neuroanatomy, neuroimmunology, epilepsy, neuromuscular disease, and neuro-infectious disease. Items were labeled as lower- or higher-order per Bloom's taxonomy by two neurologists. Models answered each item in a fresh session and reported confidence and Bloom classification. Residents completed the same set under exam-like conditions. Outcomes included overall and …

Multi-Parameter Optimization And Adaptive Temperature Compensation For Fbg Strain Sensors In Wide-Temperature-Range Aerospace Applications, Ruling Zhou, Jiacheng Yu, Yutang Dai, Jianguan Tang, Minghong Yang, Farhan Mumtaz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Accurate strain measurement in cryogenic fuel pipelines is crucial for ensuring the structural integrity and reliability of rocket engine systems operating under extreme thermal conditions. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors show significant potential for such applications; however, their inherent temperature-strain cross-sensitivity limits performance over wide temperature ranges. This research presents an enhanced compensation strategy combining multi-parameter optimization with temperature-zone-specific adaptation to improve the accuracy and stability of FBG-based strain sensing in harsh aerospace environments. Four special steel substrate materials including S03, S06, S07, and 1Cr18Ni9Ti, were evaluated using strain transfer theory and thermo-mechanical coupling simulations. Genetic algorithms optimized key design …

Safe Optimal Control Framework For Cooperative Manipulation Of Objects In Human–Robot Teams, Irfan Ganie, Sarangapani Jagannathan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article introduces a distributed deep neural network (NN)-based adaptive control framework for cooperative object manipulation in human–robot teams with unknown agent dynamics by using three distinct multilayer NN observers (MNNOs). The first observer, termed the reference point estimator, enables each robotic agent to estimate the object's reference center using consensus-based learning, even without direct access to global reference trajectories. The second observer, referred to as the human force-to-trajectory estimator, uses human-applied forces to infer the intended position, velocity, and acceleration of the object, enabling real-time estimation of human intent. Together, these two observers allow distributed estimation of human-intended motion. …

High-Resolution, Fast-Response Optical Fiber Temperature Sensor With A Large Measurement Range Based On Fiber-Tip Alumina Fabry-Pérot Interferometer, Ruimin Jie, Chen Zhu, Robert Abbott, Michael Davis, Xiong Zhang, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present an alumina-tip optical fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometric temperature sensor exhibiting high-temperature performance, rapid response, and high resolution. Fabricated by fusion splicing an alumina micro disk directly to a single-mode fiber, the sensor achieves robust, stable operation without complex fabrication processes or adhesives. Experimental evaluation confirms a measurement range extending to 1000°C, with sensitivity of 28.66 pm/°C, a resolution of 0.042°C, and a rapid response time of approximately 13 ms. Compared to state-of-the-art optical fiber FPI sensors, our alumina-tip sensor offers superior overall performance, effectively addressing critical demands for high-resolution, fast-response temperature measurement in extreme environments including aerospace, structural monitoring, …

Waveguide-Assisted Single-Mode Fiber Bragg Gratings In A Highly Multimode Coreless Fiber Via Femtosecond Laser Inscription For Extreme Temperature Quasi-Distributed Thermal Sensing, Farhan Mumtaz, Koustav Dey, Bohong Zhang, Jeffrey D. Smith, Ronald J. O'Malley, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This research reports a potential quasi-distributed thermal mapping optical sensing system for extreme temperatures, leveraging femtosecond (fs) laser inscribed single-mode fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and a waveguide within coreless, highly multimode optical fiber, resulting in a single-mode structure. Unlike doped single-mode fibers, coreless fibers composed of silica rods prevent issues associated with dopant migration and ensure data accuracy. The strategic placement of point-by-point FBGs in a cascaded formation on the fs-laser inscribed waveguide facilitates localized multipoint sensing. The long-term stability of the proposed waveguide-assisted FBG system was assessed over 24 hours at elevated temperatures (1000°C), showing no hysteresis during heating …

Embeddable Optical Fiber Sensor For Simultaneous Strain And Temperature Monitoring, Amardeep Kaur, Sudharshan Anandan, Steve Eugene Watkins, Yinan Zhang, Kumbla Chandrashekhara, Hai Xiao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present an embeddable hybrid optical fiber sensor based on a cascaded extrinsic Fabry–Pérot interferometer (EFPI) and intrinsic Fabry–Pérot interferometer (IFPI) for simultaneous strain and temperature monitoring in high-performance composite materials. The sensor is fabricated using femtosecond laser micromachining and is embedded within bismaleimide composite laminates manufactured via an out-of-autoclave process. Experimental results demonstrate linear and decoupled responses to strain and temperature, with the EFPI showing minimal temperature sensitivity (1.7 pm/°C) and the IFPI exhibiting high temperature sensitivity (16.1 pm/°C). Strain sensitivities for both components were consistent at 0.6pm/με in embedded conditions. The sensor maintained structural integrity and stable spectral …

Performance Analysis And Optimization Of Fructose Memristor-Based Neuromorphic Systems, Harshvardhan Uppaluru, Shakil Mahmud Jiban, Shah Zayed Riam, Feng Zhao, Jinhui Wang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Natural organic memristors have demonstrated promising synaptic behavior, positioning them as strong candidates for synaptic devices in neuromorphic systems. This paper presents the fabrication and evaluation of a neuromorphic system based on natural organic 16-level and 32-level fructose memristors. First, the manufacturing process of fructose memristors is described in detail. Second, the nonlinear property associated with fructose memristors is investigated, and an optimization method is applied to address the nonlinear effects. The performance of the fructose memristor-based neuromorphic system on MNIST with a multi-layer perceptron and on CIFAR-10 with VGG-8 is evaluated and reported under various conditions -with/without nonlinearity optimization …

Integrating Optical And Radiofrequency Interferometry For Enhanced Phase Sensing, Ruimin Jie, Zhaopeng Zhang, Chen Zhu, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Interferometry is a crucial investigative technique used across diverse fields to achieve high-precision measurements. It works by analyzing the phase difference between two interfering waves, which results from variations in optical path lengths within an interferometer. We introduce a novel method for directly measuring changes in the phase difference within an optical interferometer, importantly, with the added advantage of a controllable enhancement factor. This approach is achieved through a two-step process: first, the optical phase difference is encoded into a sub-GHz radiofrequency (RF) signal using microwave-photonic manipulation; then, RF interferometry-assisted phase amplification is implemented at the destructive interference point. In …

Online Lifelong Optimal Adaptive Control Of Partially Uncertain Strict Feedback Discrete-Time Systems With Application To Quadrotor Uavs, Maxwell Geiger, Sarangapani Jagannathan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article considers the infinite time horizon optimal adaptive tracking control of partially uncertain strict feedback discrete-time (DT) systems with application to quadrotor uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs). First, the strict feedback DT system is transformed into an equivalent affine nonlinear DT system in terms of the tracking error dynamics. The optimal adaptive tracking control problem is solved using an augmented system approach, where a horizon of future bounded reference trajectory points is used in the augmented state, when compared to using a single point. It is assumed that the internal dynamics of the strict feedback system are unknown, but the …

Enhancing Measurement Accuracy: The Impact Of Missing Data On Parameter Estimation In Mass-Spring-Damper Systems, Michkath Omanda Bouraima, Steven Thompson, Maciej J. Zawodniok

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In sensor-driven dynamic systems, missing data can severely degrade parameter estimation accuracy. This article investigates the impact of missing data on phase estimation in a mass-spring-damper system using an information-theoretic framework based on the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). Closed-form CRLB expressions are derived for four scenarios: complete data, missing completely at random (MCAR) deletion, MCAR-based imputation, and missing at random (MAR) missingness via a selection-weighted formulation. These bounds are used as theoretical benchmarks to evaluate classical imputation methods (last observation carried forward (LOCF), linear interpolation) and advanced approaches (Kalman filtering, Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoothing, Bayesian inference, and transformer-based imputation) through Monte …

Rf-Attennet: A Hybrid Attention-Enhanced Network For Mixed Signal Classification In Uav Swarm Detection, Prajoy Podder, Mohammad Atikur Rahman, Maciej Zawodniok, Sanjay Madria

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The continuous increase of UAVs, particularly in swarms, creates significant challenges for security and airspace regulation. Traditional RF fingerprinting methods struggle to detect and classify UAV swarms due to overlapping signals and interference. This study introduces RF-AttenNet, a hybrid deep learning model designed to classify mixed UAV signals by analyzing composite RF spectrograms. RF-AttenNet uses dual attention mechanisms, channel and spatial attention to focus on critical spectral features, enabling the model to effectively separate and identify overlapping UAV signals. We have developed custom composite UAV datasets that simulate real-world swarm interference, incorporating both single and mixed UAV classes. RF-AttenNet achieves …

Fixed-Time Consensus Tracking For Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems Under Aperiodically Intermittent Control, Lei Xue, Tong Wu, Wenwen Jia, Donald C. Wunsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article explores the problem of fixed-time consensus tracking (FT-CT) for nonlinear multi-agent systems utilizing the a periodically intermittent control (AIC) strategy. In contrast to existing control algorithms, the proposed algorithm utilizes the AIC strategy instead of the conventional continuous-time control strategy, effectively reducing the consumption of communication resources. Moreover, the problem of intermittent FT-CT is well handled by proposing the average control rate of the AIC strategy. Two theorems based on the cases of directed and undirected graphs are proposed, respectively. Finally, the validity of these results is confirmed through numerical simulations on a general nonlinear system and a …

Resolving Stiffness Trade-Offs In Simultaneous Pressure And Vibration Sensing Using A Corrugated-Tube Fiber-Optic Sensor, Yizheng Chen, Yan Tang, Jie Huang, Qi Zhang, Biyao Shi, Zewei Wu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article proposes and experimentally demonstrates a corrugated-tube-based fiber-optic sensor capable of measuring pressure, vibration, or both simultaneously. To address the limited sensitivity of conventional diaphragm-based designs, the sensor incorporates an optimized corrugated tube that balances the conflicting stiffness requirements for pressure and vibration measurements. The corrugated tube, acting as a mechanical transducer, is integrated with an extrinsic fiber-optic Fabry–Perot interferometer (EFPI). The EFPI cavity is formed between a reflective surface at the sealed end of the corrugated tube and the cleaved end face of an optical fiber fixed within a mounting assembly. In this configuration, displacement of the corrugated …

Nash Equilibrium Strategies For Multicluster Pursuit–Evasion Game With Disturbances: A Prescribed-Time Convergence Approach, Lei Xue, Xian Yu, Yongbao Wu, Jian Liu, Changyin Sun, D. C. Wunsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article investigates the problem of prescribed-time Nash equilibrium (NE) seeking for a multicluster pursuit–evasion game (PEG) subject to external disturbances. To mitigate the impact of disturbances and reach the NE within a user-defined prescribed time, a prescribed-time disturbance observer (PTDO) is devised to estimate and compensate for them. Based on this observation, a novel control algorithm is developed, which facilitates collaboration among multiple pursuers to capture multiple evaders within the prescribed time. It is theoretically demonstrated that the designed algorithm ensures prescribed-time convergence to the NE of the multicluster PEG with disturbances. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to verify …

Real-Time Multiregional Market-To-Market Congestion Management Through Exchange Of Relief Cost Curve, Haotian Chen, Yonghong Chen, Jose Daniel Lara, Jarrad Wright, Matthew Bossart, Sebastian De Jesus Machado, Rui Bo

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper introduces a novel method for multiregional market-to-market (M2M) coordinated congestion management. It identifies shortcomings in existing M2M approaches, where Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs) exchange shadow prices and relief requests to optimize congestion relief allocations across interconnected regions. Two methods are proposed to enhance flow and price convergence. The first method proposes that both Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs) use state-estimator flows directly to determine relief requirements, eliminating delays and potential oscillations caused by using market flows calculated from the prior period under existing M2M approach. The second method involves exchanging transmission relief cost curves, enabling each RTOs to integrate …

Transformer-Customer Relationship Identification Based On Load-Switching Fluctuation Characteristics Considering Same-Feeder-Adjacent-Transformer Condition, Yanan Zhang, Gan Zhou, Yuyuan Liu, Wei Gu, Yanjun Feng, Yujue Wang, Rui Bo

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Accurately identifying the connectivity between transformers and downstream three-phase customers in low-voltage distribution networks is challenging, because voltage curves of different phases and nearby nodes can be weakly distinguishable, especially when adjacent transformers on the same feeder serve geographically close customers with highly similar voltage curves. This paper proposes a novel method based on load-switching fluctuation characteristics recorded by smart meters. By extracting localized current and voltage fluctuations and establishing correlation matching, the method overcomes the limited discriminability using steady-state measurements. The method operates in two stages: first, switching-induced fluctuation characteristics are extracted and matched to cluster customers by the …