Digital Commons Network^™

Method And System For Dynamically Repositioning Virtual Content In Augmented Reality Systems During Conversations, Ashish Singh, Ahmet Cengiz Öztireli

Defensive Publications Series

Users interacting with head-wearable augmented reality (AR) devices frequently experience virtual content clutter, such as incoming notifications, application windows, or video feeds overlaying their primary field of view. When a user engages in a face-to-face social interaction while wearing head-wearable devices, this virtual content can inadvertently obstruct the user's direct line of sight to the conversation partner's face and upper body. This obstruction disrupts natural eye contact and non-verbal communication cues, creating social disconnect and distraction. Furthermore, relying on manual hand gestures to adjust or reposition virtual content is cumbersome and interrupts conversational flow.

The disclosed technology describes a conversation-aware …

Dynamic Context-Aware Safety-Optimized Routing And Emergency Infrastructure Mapping In Mobile Navigation Systems, Arti Prasad

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a system, method, and graphical user interface for context-aware safety navigation and emergency infrastructure mapping. Traditional routing engines optimize strictly for travel time or shortest spatial distance, which can route vehicles through narrow, dark, or hazardous shortcuts to save negligible amounts of time. The disclosed system addresses this by incorporating a dynamic composite safety cost function that adds safety-related penalties, such as road classification, street illumination, lane width, and pavement quality, to estimate a cost to the route. To ensure the route remains practical, a bounded maximum-estimated time of arrival (“ETA”) tradeoff engine restricts the safety-optimized path …

Atomic Settlement Of Declarative Intents Across Heterogeneous Financial Networks, Sree Sitamahalakshmi Moguluru

Defensive Publications Series

Value exchange across heterogeneous financial networks can be challenged by fragmentation, latency, and a lack of atomic settlement capabilities. A system and method are described for autonomous value settlement using a declarative, intent-based protocol that can function as an orchestration layer. A user’s desired financial outcome, for example, can be encapsulated in a cryptographically signed data object. This object may be processed by a decentralized network of competitive solver nodes that can determine a potential execution path across disparate financial networks, such as traditional banking systems and distributed ledgers. An atomic settlement engine could then coordinate the transaction using a …

Multi-Tiered System For Operational Telemetry Analysis And Governed Roadmap Reconciliation, Parnika Singhal

Defensive Publications Series

Enterprise operations can be impeded by procedural friction and unmeasured work resulting from fragmented software tools, as conventional feedback methods may lack sufficient granularity and a mechanism for accountability. A multi-tiered system is described that can identify, quantify, and analyze sources of this friction. The system could employ a context-aware telemetry engine to capture user feedback enriched with organizational data, and a semantic classification engine to categorize unstructured comments using natural language processing. The resulting structured data can be used in a closed-loop governance process to route categorized friction signals to designated owner teams. This can provide a mechanism to …

Agent-To-Map Protocol: High-Throughput Spatial Vector Streaming For Ai Agents With Double-Buffered Synchronization, Arjun Vijayvargiya

Defensive Publications Series

The agent-to-map (A2Map) Protocol streams high-frequency geospatial vector data from remote large language model (LLM) agents to interactive client viewports through a distributed architecture. A remote LLM agent generates spatial updates, which a coordinate compression engine converts into token-compact serialized representations using techniques such as variable-length ASCII polyline encoding before streaming. A client-side spatial runtime receives these incremental delta packets and applies them to an offline, double-buffered virtual map state tree. The runtime atomically commits snapshots of the state tree to a single, hardware-accelerated canvas overlay synchronized with the display’s refresh rate, achieving smooth rendering without engaging the document object …

Monocular Edge-Based Road Hazard Detection With Covariance-Weighted Spatiotemporal Clustering And Frustum Temporal Decay, Richa Gupta

Defensive Publications Series

An edge road hazard classifier processes monocular camera video to detect and localize physical road surface anomalies. The system calculates the relative distance offset of a detected hazard using inverse perspective mapping (IPM). To estimate hazard depth, the system combines structure from motion (SfM) and a monocular depth estimation network. The hazard classifier bundles these measurement values into a metadata packet for transmission to a dynamic map ingestion engine. The map ingestion engine normalizes differences in sensor noise with a spatial covariance error matrix and groups overlapping reports using spatiotemporal HDBSCAN (ST-HDBSCAN). An extended Kalman filter (EKF) synthesizes the grouped …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Facile One-Step Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode For Sensitive Tryptophan Sensing In Yogurt, Sevi̇lay Erdoğan Kablan, Ahmet Çeti̇nkaya, Si̇bel Özkan, Emi̇rhan Nemutlu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Activation of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) in tailored solution environments introduces oxygenated surface functionalities such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and quinone groups. These modifications enhance electron‐transfer kinetics and strengthen interactions with target analytes, thereby improving electrochemical sensitivity. In this study, square-wave voltammetry was used, and the most suitable supporting electrolyte for tryptophan (TRP) analysis was a pH 3 Britton–Robinson buffer. The cyclic voltammetry potential range and number of cycles for the Act-GCE were obtained as 0–1.5 V and seven cycles, respectively. The activated electrode exhibited excellent analytical performance, with a linear response for TRP over 0.20–6.28 μM, a detection limit of …

Thiophene-Carbazole-Based Covalent Organic Polymer Electrodes For Electrochromic And Supercapacitor Applications, Si̇nem Altinişik

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, a thiophene-carbazole-based conjugated organic polymer was successfully synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass and graphite sheet substrates using in situ oxidative polymerization. In terms of electrochromic properties, the electrodes exhibited significant color change from light yellow-green to dark gray in the potential range of 0 V to 1.2 V, with optical contrast ranging from 84.2% to 47.2% and coloring efficiency of 171.3 cm2/C. The prepared PCBP-Th_ITO/glass electrode also exhibited fast switching times (tb = 0.89 s and tc = 2.05 s) at 650 nm. Furthermore, 90% optical stability was maintained after 1000 cycles. In terms of energy …

Fabrication Of Cross-Linked Thiophene-Coumarin-Fluorene Donor–Acceptor Pentamer Thin Films For Electrochromic Devices Application, Ari̇fe Aktaş, Mert Akgün, Mücahi̇t Özdemi̇r, Sermet Koyuncu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Functionalized p-conjugated polymers have emerged as promising electrochromic materials due to their well-defined molecular structures, facile synthesis, and ability to form smooth and homogeneous thin films. Furthermore, surface cross-linking enhances the mechanical and environmental stability of these films while improving their durability during electrochemical operation. In this study, a unique band gap-tunable pentamer (FBP) was developed featuring a D-A-D-A-D configuration, which includes thiophene, coumarin, and fluorene. Cross-linked films (FBPX) were obtained using both spray and electrospray methods in the presence of tetrathiol-based crosslinkers and 366 nm light, thanks to the functionalizable allyl groups present in the FBP structure. UV–Vis analysis …

Samarium-Doped Ceria Catalysts For Boron-Aluminum Composite Propellants: Effect Of Synthesis Method, Di̇lara Güçtaş Gürel, Mehmet Ali̇ Faruk Öksüzömer

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Solid propellants based on ammonium perchlorate (AP) are widely used in rocket and missile propulsion systems due to their high energy density and reliable combustion characteristics. Although aluminum (Al) is the conventional metal fuel in AP-based formulations, boron (B) has gained increasing attention as a partial or full substitute owing to its significantly higher volumetric energy density. However, the low combustion efficiency of boron particles remains a critical challenge, making the use of catalysts essential to enhance the thermal decomposition of AP and overall propellant-burning performance. In this study, samarium-doped ceria (SDC20) catalysts were synthesized by three different methods including …

Rapid Synthesis Of Agcu Bimetallic Nanodendrites With Enhanced Catalytic Activity For 4-Nitrophenol Reduction, Jun Liu, Hongguang Liao, Xuanyan Liu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Herein, AgCu nanodendrites were fabricated via a facile one-step displacement reaction at ambient temperature with Zn powder as the reducing agent. The morphology, structure, and composition of the products were systematically characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the structure and morphology of the catalysts are strongly dependent on the Ag/Cu molar ratio. The catalytic performance was evaluated by the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) at room temperature, in comparison with monometallic Ag and Cu catalysts. The catalytic activity follows the order Ag1Cu1 > Ag1Cu3 > Ag3Cu1 > Ag > Cu. The optimized Ag1Cu1 catalyst achieves 98.6% …

Effects Of Washing, Oxidation, Carboxylation, And Hydrophobicity On The Antibacterial Activity Of Graphene Oxide And Reduced Graphene Oxide, Emi̇r Boztepe, Ceren Poyraz, Ruki̇ye Taşdemi̇r, Ebru Önem, Ümran Sofu, Keri̇m Yapici

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, the effects of number of washes, oxidation degree, carboxylation, and hydrothermal reduction temperature on the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanomaterials were investigated. GO derivatives with different numbers of washes (1–5W) and oxidation levels (3X, 6X, and 9X), carboxylated GO (GO-COOH), and rGO samples obtained at different hydrothermal reduction temperatures (100, 140, and 180 °C) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, and were subsequently evaluated for antibacterial activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. …

Cobalt-Substituted Hydroxyapatite As A Potential Basis Of Biomaterials: Synthesis, Crystal-Chemistry Properties And Antibacterial Activity, Maria M. Vlasova, Ksenia S. Stasenko, Evgeny Bulanov

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This paper presents the results of the synthesis of solid solutions of cobalt-substituted hydroxyapatite of the composition Ca10-xCox(PO4)6(OH)2 by the solid-phase and solution method. The formation of only the composition of Ca9.5Co0.5(PO4)6(OH)2 has been reliably established, whereas an increase in the cobalt content, as well as an increase in the temperature of synthesis and calcination of the samples prepared in solution, leads to the formation of stable mixtures of calcium and cobalt phosphates. The crystal structure has been refined for Ca9.5Co0.5(PO4)6(OH)2 (a = 9.4121(28) Å, c = 6.8762(20) Å, V = 527.54(35) Å3; R-Bragg = 2.455%) under the assumption of …

The Effect Of Seedling Age On Nickel (Ni) Accumulation In Maize (Zea Mays L.), Tuba Göçergi̇l, Hava Şeyma İnci̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

One of the most significant problems facing different ecosystems worldwide is the pollution of soil and water resources with heavy metals, which are harmful to biota. Metals are absorbed by plant roots through soil-plant interaction, leading to accumulation in plants. The plant's growth phase is one of the most important factors in heavy metal uptake and accumulation. Among heavy metal elements, nickel is one of the serious environmental pollutants and plant growth inhibitors due to its toxicity and persistent nature at high concentrations, as well as its bioaccumulation in ecosystems. This study aims to investigate how nickel accumulation in plant …

Species-Specific Metal Uptake Thresholds In Riparian Macrophytes: A Biological Framework For Ecological Risk Assessment, Reyhan Sağlam, Ferhat Gökbulak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Anthropogenic pressures on freshwater ecosystems have increased metal contamination in riparian zones; however, biological thresholds that distinguish tolerable exposure from ecologically significant accumulation remain poorly defined. This study investigated species-specific thresholds for heavy metal uptake in riparian macrophytes to establish a biologically grounded framework for ecological risk assessment in impacted streams. A gradient encompassing five sites was used to sample four dominant macrophyte species: Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, Lythrum salicaria, and Persicaria lapathifolia. Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in aboveground plant biomass were examined in relation to their …

A Lightweight Multitask Adaptive Fusion Network With Channel Attention For Uav-Based Crop Detection And Classification, Xuanyu Yue, Zhenyu Wan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become essential tools in precision agriculture, facilitating large-scale monitoring of crop health, weed proliferation, and overall field conditions. However, conventional single-task recognition models encounter significant challenges when implemented on resource-constrained UAV platforms, particularly in detecting densely distributed small objects, managing scale variations, and addressing occlusions. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a channel attention-based adaptive fusion network (CNAF-Net) specifically designed for agricultural scenarios. CNAF-Net utilizes MobileNetV3 for hierarchical feature extraction and integrates a channel attention-guided adaptive fusion mechanism that dynamically combines multiscale features across detection, classification, and segmentation tasks. Experiments conducted on the WeedMap …

The Diamond, October 16, 2026, Dordt University

Dordt Diamond

• Front Page: Defender Days Sports Preview: What's Going on this Weekend?; Two Years of Collaboration Bring Perennial Game to Iowa Schools; Student Engagement in Midterm Elections
• Feature: Baja Buggy Blast: Dordt Students Build Offroad Racing Vehicle; Caffeine Craze: Coffee Habits on a College Campus; At Large: Campus Cats and What They Can Tell Us; The Truth About Office Hours; Celebrating Scholarship: "Dordt Writes" on October 16; Dordt's New Symphonic Band
• News: El Niño: What It Is and Its Impacts for 2026; Dordt University Ranks Among Top Christian Colleges Nationally; Behind the Break: A Look Inside the Heartland Conference Weekend
• Politics: …

Re: Request For Change To The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Clark Tailings Consolidated Waste Management Area Site Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision 0 (2026 Update), Josh Bryson

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Artificial Intelligence, Real Teaching: A Guide To Ai In Elt, Laura Nelson

The Interdisciplinary Journal for Research on Pedagogy and Learning Design, Vol. 1, Issue 1., Fall 2026

Book Reviewed: Paiz, J. M., Toncelli, R., & Kostka, I. (2025). Artificial intelligence, real teaching: A guide to AI in ELT. University of Michigan Press.

As artificial intelligence continues to impact the learning environment, educators are faced with both the challenges and opportunities of integrating these tools into their classroom. Artificial Intelligence, Real Teaching: A Guide to AI in ELT, authored by Paiz, Tencelli, and Kostka, provides practical information for English language teachers learning to navigate AI in the classroom. The intended audience includes K-12 and higher education English language teachers, instructional coaches, and teacher educators who are …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Biology

No abstract provided.

Pifithrin-Α Enhances Ex Vivo Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion, Nesli̇han Meri̇ç, Pinar Çolakoğlu Erkan, Fati̇h Kocabaş

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are essential for treating hematological disorders; however, their low abundance and limited proliferative capacity restrict their clinical use. This study investigated whether pifithrin-α (PFT-α), a small-molecule p53 inhibitor with known genoprotective properties, could enhance the ex vivo expansion of HSCs.

Materials and methods: Mouse lineage-negative (Lin⁻) cells were isolated by magnetic depletion, while human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) and mouse bone marrow (mBM) mononuclear cells were obtained using density gradient centrifugation. CD34⁺ cells were subsequently isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using an antimouse CD34 antibody. The isolated cells were cultured in StemSpan SFEM II (STEMCELL …

Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Activity Of Polycation-Coated Plga Nanoparticles Loaded With Juglone–Silver Complex, Tural Safarov, Emrah Şefi̇k Abamor, Serap Acar, Murat Topuzoğullari, Bükre Kiran Üner, Kübra Karadaş, Seçi̇l Kaya, Zi̇şan Toprak

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: The rising antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori requires the development of novel treatment approaches. Although natural products (e.g., juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone)) and metal antimicrobials (e.g., silver) hold some promise as alternatives, drawbacks like the toxicity and instability of these materials limit their clinical use. Combining juglone and silver with coordination bonds can overcome these drawbacks and yield a more effective antimicrobial complex.

Materials and methods: Juglone–silver (J–Ag) complex was synthesized, encapsulated into PLGA nanoparticles (J–Ag@PLGA), and coated with Eudragit (J–Ag@PLGA+eu). Structural and physicochemical properties of the produced samples were examined using MALDI-TOF MS, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopies; dynamic light scattering; …

Targeting Mitochondrial And Inflammatory Pathways In Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Discovery Of Sigma-1 And Ppar-Γ Agonists Through Plasma Microrna Profiling, Defne Çiğ Kabakcioğlu, İrem Peker Eyüboğlu, Medi̇ Kori̇, Fatma Betül Çeli̇k, Semra Meli̇s Soyer, Mustafa Çalişkan, Can Erzi̇k, Kazim Yalçin Arga, Ceyda Kasavi̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening vascular disease marked by progressive aortic dilation, high rupture-associated mortality, and a complete lack of effective pharmacological therapies. Because microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of vascular inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and smooth muscle cell function, they represent highly promising therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to employ an integrative systems biology framework to identify novel miRNA-drug regulatory axes for AAA intervention.

Materials and methods: AAA transcriptome data were integrated with experimentally validated miRNA–mRNA interactions to prioritize candidate miRNAs. A total of 22 previously unreported miRNAs were selected for further analysis. …

Sociolinguistic Compatibility In Ai Adoption: Extending Doi - Toe In Public Relations, Shadi Abu-Ayyash

CoHSS Faculty Work

Purpose - This study examines how AI adoption in public relations (PR) unfolds in the Arab region and positions that experience against global industry discourses, with attention to the linguistic and cultural conditions that shape adoption trajectories.

Design/methodology/approach – Guided by Diffusion of Innovations (DoI) and the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, the study combines 20 semi structured interviews with senior Arab-region practitioners, association leaders and academics across six countries with a directed content analysis of professional guidelines and industry reports of global, cross-regional and regional scope.

Findings – Adoption is early-stage and selective, concentrated in content assistance, media intelligence and reputation …

Genetic Inheritance Of Leaf Rolling As An Adaptive Trait For Fog Capture And Drought Tolerance In Wheat, Sabah Merrium, Zulfiqar Ali, Latifa Alhusnain, Muneera D.F. Alkahtani, Sadia Hakeem, Sajid Fiaz, Muhammad Ali Sher, Kotb A. Attia, Seung Hwan Yang, Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique, Muhammad Hammad Nadeem Tahir

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Wheat is a primary source of sustenance for around 2 billion people worldwide; however, its production is threatened by the water scarcity associated with climate change. In the search for climate-smart wheat varieties, atmospheric moisture in the form of fog and dew is gaining attention as a sustainable, self-irrigating water source for crops. Leaf rolling (LR) is a well-known adaptive trait under water deficit conditions that supports fog moisture capture in wheat; however, little is known about its genetic potential and inheritance pattern, particularly given its high environmental influence. This study assesses the genetic heritability, combining ability, and diversity of …

Valorization Of Buttermilk As A Functional Ingredient In Yogurt Soup: Effects On Physicochemical Properties, Aroma Profile, Amino Acid Composition, And Bioactivities, Emi̇ne Maci̇t, Fatma Zehra Özyilmaz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

​In this study, the feasibility of using buttermilk as a functional ingredient in yogurt soup, a traditional fermented dairy product, was investigated with the aim of valorizing dairy industry by-products. Soup samples prepared with different buttermilk ratios (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were evaluated for their physicochemical and sensory properties, aroma and amino acid profiles, antioxidant capacity, and antidiabetic activity. The incorporation of buttermilk resulted in statistically significant differences in total solids, ash, and titratable acidity (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in fat, protein, or pH values. Increasing buttermilk levels led to higher L* and b* values and lower a* values. Sensory analysis showed that flavor scores increased with buttermilk content, with the highest score observed in the sample containing 100% buttermilk (T5). In the control sample, hexanoic acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, methyl salicylate, and several ketones were identified as dominant aroma compounds, whereas buttermilk-enriched samples were characterized mainly by hexanoic acid, acetic acid, butanoic acid, ethyl acetate, higher alcohols, and ethanol. Increasing buttermilk content resulted in a higher proportion of alcohols and a reduction in acids, ketones, and aldehydes. Samples with higher buttermilk levels exhibited increased essential amino acid content, while functional amino acids such as γ-aminobutyric acid, β-aminoisobutyric acid, ethanolamine, proline, and alanine reached their highest levels in the T5 sample. The T5 sample showed a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 5.98%, whereas the highest α-amylase inhibition was observed in the control sample. Overall, the results indicate that buttermilk can be effectively used as a functional ingredient in yogurt soup formulations, improving nutritional quality and sensory characteristics.

A Study Of Booster Seat Education In An Elementary School Setting, Rosanina Carlotta Ketchum

Theses

The leading cause of death in children five to nine years old is motor vehicle accidents (MVA). Booster seats decrease the risk of injury during MVA’s, and knowledge deficit is a frequently listed reason for the non-use of booster seats. A descriptive quantitative research method was undertaken using a survey design to evaluate the effectiveness of parental booster seat education in the elementary school setting in increasing booster seat use among 4- to 8-year-olds in one Oklahoma community. A chi-square test of independence found that parents who attended booster seat education sessions had higher rates of consistent booster seat use …

Enhancing Vocational Milling Machine Learning Through Powerpoint Hyperlink-Based Interactive Media, Ilham Bayu Haliludin, Marsono Marsono, Yayi Febdia Pradani, Yuli Panca Asmara

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The advancement of educational technology has led to the development of innovative learning media to improve student engagement and learning outcomes. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of PowerPoint Hyperlink-based interactive learning media for milling machine material. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model, consisting of the Define, Design, and Develop stages. The research subjects were 20 tenth-grade students of the Machining Engineering Department at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen. The research instruments included expert validation sheets, questionnaires, pretest-posttest assessments, and documentation. Data were analyzed descriptively, while the effectiveness of …

Using Status Characteristics Theory To Predict A Jury Foreperson, Mohona Mandal, Shane Thye

Feminist Pedagogy

The topic of social inequality as it relates to status structures is a foundational topic taught in many courses in contemporary sociology.  Today the theory of status characteristics and expectation states (SCT) is the predominant account of the causes and effects of status stratification in groups. The purpose of this paper is to share a classroom exercise that explicates the connections between SCT and critical theory, specifically intersectionality as an analytic framework. Using only the basic theoretical assumptions, students apply the underlying logic of SCT to predict who was selected as the jury foreperson based on brief biographies of each …