Digital Commons Network^™

Zero Tolerance Discipline In American Schools: Racial Injustice In The Age Of Youth Disposability, Trinity J. Perkins

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

This study critically examines how neoliberal social controls and school-based criminalization efforts emerged in response to a series of moral panics surrounding perceived increases in school violence and mass shootings. Largely, this response manifested in the form of rigid zerotolerance disciplinary policies focused on deterrence and retribution. However, research reveals the application of these policies produce racial and income-based disparities in how school discipline is administered, which contributes to the school-to-prison pipeline (i.e., a pathway for youth to be funneled out of education and into incarceration). As such, it is believed that racial threat dynamics may be contributing to the …

“If You Think This Vilifies The Police, Then You Think The Police Are Villains”: Teaching Reparations Won As An Antidote To Copaganda, Kaitlyn Selman, Hannah Carson Baggett, Justin Turner

Faculty Publications - Criminal Justice Sciences

Building on prior research about copaganda and pro-police socialization, we argue that the Reparations Won curriculum in Chicago Public Schools is an antidote to police legitimization efforts in K-12 schools. Specifically, the curriculum affirms student experiences that are not accounted for nor deemed possible in a world built by and for policing; it emphasizes relationship-building and centers definitions of community that resist the alienation required for such a world; and it facilitates an understanding of local histories as inseparable from broader social structures. We conclude that in an era of contested curricula, Reparations Won provides the structure needed to grapple …

Noem V. Vazquez Perdomo And Plenary Authority: A Look At What Is Happening To U.S. Citizens, Jose Juan Solis

Florida Atlantic University Undergraduate Law Journal

On September 8th, 2025, the Supreme Court ruled in Noem v. Vasquez Perdomo, and that ruling led to the Trump administration allowing immigration officers to detain Hispanic people based on four factors. These factors include race and ethnicity, speaking Spanish or having an accent when speaking English, being present at a particular location, or having a particular job.1 This ruling is very controversial because it gives immigration officers the right to use racial profiling to justify their arrests. This type of precedent has not been seen and sets a very dangerous situation, not only for undocumented civilians but also for …

About The Journal, Kris Barrios

Florida Atlantic University Undergraduate Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Critical Lawyering Pedagogy: Transformational Legal Education, Carolyn Grose

Faculty Scholarship

In an era marked by democratic backsliding, systemic inequality, and widespread disillusionment with legal institutions, traditional legal education has proven not merely inadequate, but actively complicit in reproducing the institutional norms, professional identities, and hierarchies that have enabled democratic erosion and the misuse of law as a tool of exclusion and domination.

This Article describes a comprehensive, justice-oriented framework that reimagines the structure, content, and outcomes of legal education to better meet those needs. Critical Lawyering Pedagogy (CLP) draws from Critical Pedagogy, Narrative Theory, and Critical Lawyering and challenges the entrenched hierarchies and exclusionary norms that dominate most law schools …

Institutional Responses To Racial Incidents In California Public Higher Education: A Qualitative Historical Document Analysis, Shannon Dominique Quihuiz

CGU Theses & Dissertations

Despite stated commitments to diversity, equity, and inclusion, racial incidents remain a persistent structural problem on college and university campuses. These incidents encompass a wide taxonomy of racialized harm, ranging from bias-motivated violence and hate symbols to controversial White supremacist speakers, structural inequities, and interpersonal microaggressions. Administrators responding to these incidents must navigate complex, often competing tensions between fostering safe, inclusive learning environments and upholding civil liberties protections, all while operating under intense political scrutiny, public relations pressures, and legal risk. To understand how these tensions are rhetorically managed, this qualitative historical document study examined how California public higher education …

Institutional Reform In Support Of Xi’S Anti-Corruption Campaign, Rixin Wen

CGU Theses & Dissertations

Corruption remains a pervasive challenge that distorts markets, undermines public service delivery, destabilizes social order, and erodes governmental legitimacy. In China, anti-corruption has been a recurring policy priority since 1949, culminating in Xi Jinping’s sweeping campaign launched in late 2012. Conceptualizing corruption through a principal–agent framework, this dissertation argues Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption campaign represents not merely an institutional inflection point in China’s supervisory architecture substantially enhancing enforcement capacity and elite discipline, but also the enforcement–perception interactive change, reproducing an asymmetry between punishment and public perception under the unvarying political foundation. This study employs a multi-method research design that integrates institutional …

Prevention Beyond Deterrence, Benjamin A. Barsky

Emory Law Journal

This Article reconceptualizes preventive justice—the public safety paradigm that seeks to prevent harm before it occurs. Scholars have long documented how cities have advanced this paradigm through largely punitive measures, notably variants of broken windows policing, which posit that aggressive misdemeanor enforcement deters more serious crime. Yet in the aftermath of the 2020 George Floyd protests, and as underscored recently in City of Grants Pass v. Johnson, these measures have faced a legitimacy crisis—prompting calls for nonpunitive responses to nonviolent incidents.

This Article establishes a preventive justice approach that advances health and safety without emphasizing crime deterrence. It draws …

The Evolution Of Trust And Safety, Danielle Keats Citron, Ari Ezra Waldman

Emory Law Journal

This Article tells the inside story of the rise, spread, and evolution of trust and safety. We bring unique perspectives to this story. One of us (Citron) was on the inside, advising many tech companies over the years on how to create healthy digital environments. The other (Waldman) was on the outside, observing, through field research, how tech companies respond to and translate law into their routines, organizational structures, and practices. Together, these perspectives offer scholars and policymakers unmatched opportunities not just to see what is happening but to understand it as well. For decades, U.S. tech companies resisted legal …

Formation-Based Ai Ethics: Ethical Formation, Responsibility, And Opportunity Cost In Ai Ecosystems, Maurice Emelu

2026 Faculty Bibliography

Recent efforts in AI ethics have been dominated by the proliferation of high-level principles intended to guide responsible development and deployment. Yet persistent implementation failures suggest that principlism and tool-based approaches alone do not cultivate the moral capacity required to govern sociotechnical systems. This article advances a formation based framework for AI ethics that situates moral agency throughout the developmental conditions of design, use, and the AI lifecycle. Drawing on Aristotelian-MacIntyrean virtue ethics applied to media ecology, and sociotechnical responsibility, the argument reframes AI as a formative environment that shapes patterns of attention, judgment, delegation, and accountability over time. Against …

Does Voluntary Manslaughter Exist In South Dakota?, Gregory Brazeal

South Dakota Law Review

The American legal tradition generally distinguishes between cold-blooded, premeditated intentional killing and hot-blooded, spontaneous intentional killing. The former has traditionally been categorized as murder and the latter as the lesser crime of “voluntary manslaughter.” South Dakota’s homicide statutes, interpreted based on their plain meaning, depart from this deeply rooted tradition. The closest equivalent to the crime of voluntary manslaughter appears in South Dakota’s first-degree manslaughter statute, which includes a prohibition on homicide “[w]ithout any design to effect death . . . and in a heat of passion, but in a cruel and unusual manner.” The phrase “heat of passion” suggests …

University Of Central Florida Graduate Catalog, 2025-2026, University Of Central Florida

UCF Catalogs

No abstract provided.

The Efficacy Of Co-Response Teams: A Scoping Review, Kristen N. Burkhart

Social Work Theses

This scoping review explores co-response teams, a coordinated response consisting of a mental health professional (MHP) and a law enforcement official (LEO). It examines the implementation, effectiveness, and outcomes of these interventions, highlighting barriers and facilitators of co-response teams. The review analyzed peer-reviewed studies from the years 2016-2026. Using the Arskey & O’Malley framework, an initial database search yielded 691 studies of which 30 were included in this review.  The review identifies four areas of ideas: legal system diversion and outcomes, frontline stakeholders' roles and friction, specialized co-response teams, and systemic barriers and resource constraints. Significant gaps remain in long-term …

The Non-Punishment Principle And Restorative Justice, Rachel J. Wechsler

Faculty Publications

The non-punishment principle is a legal norm that has increasingly gained legitimacy over the past quarter-century within international, regional, and domestic law on human trafficking. At its core, this principle opposes the punishment of human trafficking victims for unlawful conduct they engage in as a consequence of their trafficking victimization. Little is known about the presence and operation of the non-punishment principle within U.S. law. This Article fills this gap as the first to comprehensively map and analyze the principle’s instantiation across state and federal law.

From this new map, three key themes emerge. First, the non-punishment principle has a …

Do-It-Yourself Reparations, Martha M. Ertman

Faculty Scholarship

The magnitude of harms like white supremacy makes it difficult to precisely identify losses, let alone remedy them. Piecemeal approaches are essential, and private efforts may be the only option when public law and cultural norms deny or perpetuate the harms. This Article addresses one racial harm, the 10:1 racial wealth gap between white and black Americans, in the context of residential segregation over the past century. It contends that the equitable doctrine of restitution enables us to recognize and remedy the unjust enrichment enjoyed by white Baby Boomers caused by private law mechanisms such as racially restrictive covenants, all …

Expungement’S Deportation Paradox, Marie Mark, Talia Peleg

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.

2026 Suffolk University Commencement Program, Law School, Suffolk University

Suffolk University Commencements

Suffolk University commencement programs detail the location, date, order of exercises, academic honors, speakers, administration, graduates, and other related information.

Legislatively Erased: The Failure Of Privacy Legislation To Protect People Connected To The Criminal Legal System, Chaz Arnett, Kate Weisburd

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Monarch: Old Dominion University Magazine, Victoria Bourne (Editor)

Monarch Magazine

Spring/Summer 2026 issue of Monarch, the Old Dominion University Magazine.

Subtitled: Honoring a HEROIC Monarch

Bankruptcy’S Blind Spot: An Examination Of How The System Turns Its Back On Mentally Ill Debtors, Ashley Deady

Emory Bankruptcy Developments Journal

No abstract provided.

The Invalidity Of The “Shock The Conscience” Test For Evidence Gathered By Foreign Police, Kevin Valleroy

Saint Louis University Law Journal

Federal courts since the 1970s have often discussed the “shock the conscience” test in the context of transnational criminal investigations. This test purports to exclude from American trials evidence gathered by foreign police through “conscience shocking” methods. No doubt its creators sought to protect the rights of defendants amidst unclear evidentiary standards. But since the test’s creation, its proponents have failed to agree on a consistent explanation for the test’s constitutionality. Moreover, Supreme Court precedent since the 1980s has heaped doubt on the prevailing explanations for the test’s existence. While a lively debate on the “shock the conscience” test’s underlying …

Illiberal Immigration Inconsistencies: Finding Unifying Principles On The Left, Sheldon Evans

Saint Louis University Law Journal

Immigration is one of the most important issues on the minds of Americans. While conservative lawmakers have rallied around the exclusionary principles of Donald Trump’s vision for America, liberal politicians have struggled to provide a unified ideological and pragmatic policy alternative. This Essay challenges that lack of identity from the political Left. By studying several inconsistencies among Democrats, I argue for realignment strategies to unify the Party to return to its traditional principles on immigration policy. These include addressing the underlying social problems causing migration, rethinking border control, providing legal pathways for immigrants, and moving towards global citizenship.

Sanctuary Standoff: Constitutional Fault Lines In Immigration Enforcement, Cindy G. Buys

Saint Louis University Law Journal

During both its first and second terms, the Trump Administration has taken aim at so-called “sanctuary” jurisdictions to try to encourage or force cooperation with federal immigration law enforcement. In addition to targeted immigration enforcement efforts, the Administration has waged a legal and public media campaign against states, counties, and cities that the Administration views as sanctuary jurisdictions and has attempted to withhold a wide variety of federal funds from those jurisdictions to pressure them to change their policies. While there is no definition of a sanctuary jurisdiction in any federal statute or executive order, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) …

Ice Non-Accountability In The Second Trump Administration, Sabrina Balgamwalla

Saint Louis University Law Journal

By the beginning of the second Trump administration, the tone of Know Your Rights presentations for community members had noticeably shifted. Advocates regularly tell people that they don’t have to open the door to their home to an officer without a judicial warrant and that if they are stopped by law enforcement, they have the right to ask who is conducting the stop and why. But audience members have questions informed by news headlines about various Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) practices: How can you tell definitively if a law enforcement officer is an ICE agent when they aren’t wearing …

Defending Bad Men: Public Perceptions Of Female Advocates In A Post-#Metoo Society, Grace Wallis

Saint Louis University Law Journal

As the dust settled on the heavily publicized, 2022 defamation trial of actors Johnny Depp and Amber Heard, an unlikely star stepped into the limelight: Johnny Depp’s attorney, Camille Vasquez. Over the span of the seven-week trial, Vasquez gained social media notoriety due to her frequent objections and stern trial demeanor. Vasquez’s cross-examination of Heard on May 16 and 17 of 2022 called into question Heard’s credibility and increased Vasquez’s online celebrity by a significant margin. In fact, according to Google search trends, public interest in the search terms “Camille Vasquez” reached peak popularity on May 18, 2022. Vasquez’s instant …

Table Of Contents, Loyola University Chicago Law Journal

Loyola University Chicago Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Ai Advocate: Tracking The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Trial Advocacy, John G. Browning

Loyola University Chicago Law Journal

In his annual State of the Judiciary address on December 31, 2023, Chief Justice John G. Roberts chose to focus on the use of generative AI. He cautioned that while AI "has great potential to dramatically increase access to key information for lawyers," its use "requires caution and humility" because of the risk of "dehumanizing the law." Chief Justice Roberts' timely warning, made at the height of concerns nationally about lawyers relying on fabricated case citations caused by the "hallucinations" of generative AI, could have just as easily been targeted not only to the legal profession generally, but to trial …

The Nature Of Extremism Within The Rhode Island Department Of Corrections, Robert J. Hehl, Richard Laroche, Riley Guilbeault, Cameron Page

CJC 450 - Criminal Justice and Criminology Capstone

The key judgements in this Capstone Research assessment (CRA) are based on interviews of extremism professionals done through Zoom calls, scholarly articles, and reports. Research conducted by Capstone Research team #1 is current from 2019 through 2025. Interviews were conducted from October 3, 2025, to November 14, 2025. Insights from these interviews proved valuable in providing context, verifying open-source findings, and increasing the overall reliability of the cited information. Continued reporting on this topic will offer further understanding of the likelihood and nature of the identified activities.

Can We Close The Rhode Island Women’S Prison?, Nick Horton

Roger Williams University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Plea Bargaining In The United States Military, Frank Rosenblatt

Journal Articles

This article offers a primer on plea bargaining in the U.S. military justice system. American military justice is like criminal justice in the rest of the country in that the lion’s share of cases are plea bargained. But there are key differences between military and civilian plea bargaining. First, a central factor of negotiations in military plea bargaining is whether the accused will keep his or her job. Second, the military has a wider range of disposition options than traditional penal sanctions, including nonjudicial punishment and administrative sanctions. Finally, the military seemingly permits more discretion and offers less binding guidance …