Digital Commons Network^™

The Bridge To Practice: A Regulatory Analysis Of Pre-Licensure Dental Training In Taiwan, Wei-Chia Su, Hsin-Hu Chen, Ching-Yu Yen, Hsun-Yu Liu, Yuan-Der Huang, Jian-Hong Yu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Pre-licensure dental clinical training in Taiwan is commonly viewed as an educational issue, yet it is also shaped by regulation. Eligibility for the dentist licensing examination still requires graduation, completion of internship, and possession of a diploma, whereas lawful practice requires separate practice registration and a practice license. This study examined whether the current training framework is aligned with the legal status and clinical responsibility assigned to dental students.

Materials and methods: A qualitative regulatory analysis was conducted using current official legal and policy documents in Taiwan, including the Physicians Act, the Medical Care Act, staged examination rules, the …

Active Learning-Assisted Deep Learning For Automated Maxillary Sinus Segmentation In Dental Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Hsuan Chen, Khoa Dang Nguyen, Chih-Ling Chang, Hong Thi-Phuong Doan, Ya-Chu Chang, Thantrira Porntaveetus, Guang Hong, Wen-Liang Lo, Ding-Han Wang, Ming-Lun Hsu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Accurate automated segmentation of the maxillary sinus in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans is crucial for dental implant planning, sinus lift procedures, and pathological assessment, yet there remains a notable lack of publicly available models and datasets for this task. This study developed and evaluated a deep learning model for automated maxillary sinus segmentation using an active learning approach to minimize annotation effort while achieving high accuracy.

Materials and methods: We utilized 249 CBCT scans from the publicly available CTooth+ and STS-Tooth datasets. Ground truth annotations were generated through semi-automated segmentation in 3D Slicer with validation by five expert …

Do Anatomy, Physiology And Biochemistry Subject Scores Predict Future Academic Performance? A Longitudinal Analysis Of Undergraduate Dental Students Across All Professional Years., Shahid Akhtar Akhund, Hassan Shaibah

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Basic sciences subjects including anatomy, physiology and biochemistry form the foundation of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) programme. However, empirical evidence linking the basic science academic performance to sustained academic achievement across subsequent clinical years remains limited. This is true for low and medium sized economies like Pakistan.

Materials and methods: A retrospective, quantitative, and longitudinal cohort study was conducted.  The deidentified data from a representative dental college was used. Basic science examination scores from the 1^st professional year examination served as predictor variables. The examination scores across 14 subjects served as outcome variables. Pearson product-moment correlations …

Deer Antler Tip Cell Culture Supernatant Restores Endothelial Barrier Function And Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2/Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Nitric Oxide Signaling Impaired By Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide, Ming-Shou Hsieh, Ya-Ting Yang, Chin-Sheng Huang, Ting-Yi Renn, Chuen-Kai Wang, Chia-Chen Hsu, Wei Jen Chang, Yu-Sheng Chang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose:

Periodontal inflammation contributes to endothelial dysfunction, but effective biologically active strategies for vascular protection remain limited. This study investigated whether deer antler tip cell culture supernatant could rescue Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) induced endothelial injury and restore endothelial homeostasis.

Materials and methods:

Velvet antler tissues from the tip, shaft, and burr regions were examined histologically and used for primary cell isolation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to Pg-LPS or indirectly co-cultured with LPS-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages. Deer antler tip cell culture supernatant was subsequently applied to these endothelial inflammatory models, and its protective effects were …

Heat Shock Factor 1 Promotes Cell Migration And Predicts Poor Prognosis In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Fang-Yu Wu, Hui-Hsin Ko, Wen-Ren Lin, Shih-Jung Cheng

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) regulates heat shock proteins and stress-responsive genes and has been implicated in tumor progression and poor prognosis in several malignancies. However, the clinicopathological significance and biological role of HSF1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. This study investigated HSF1 expression in OSCC tissues, its association with clinicopathological parameters and survival, and its functional role in OSCC cell migration.

Materials and methods

HSF1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in 80 OSCC specimens and 20 normal oral mucosa samples. HSF1 immunoreactivity was quantified using the labeling index (LI). Associations between HSF1 LI and …

Effects Of 850-Nm Light-Emitting Diode Photobiomodulation On Pain Intensity And Dentin Sialoprotein Levels During Canine Distalization: A Randomized Controlled Trial., Thanh Thuy-Nhat Cao, Anh Ho-Quynh Nguyen, Hung Trong Hoang, Tham Dong Khac, Phuc Hoai Le, Tu Trinh Hk, Kieu-Minh Le, Diem Truong

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose

Light-emitting diode-based photobiomodulation (LED PBM) potentially reduces pain and root resorption risk in orthodontics. This study evaluated 850-nm LED PBM effects on pain and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) levels during canine distalization.

Materials and methods

This single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial included 16 orthodontic patients (8 per group). Participants were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either an active LED group or a sham control group. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) at 0, 24, and 48 hours following canine distalization at four consecutive monthly visits (T₁-T₄) and expressed as the …

The Association Between Dental Prophylaxis And Diabetes Outcomes: A 15-Year Cohort Study, Hsueh-Fen Chen, Shih-Feng Weng, Ju-Hui Wu, Mei-Yueh Lee, Hui-Min Hsieh, Yu-Ting Huang, Yi-Cai Liu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Periodontal disease and diabetes share inflammatory pathways. Dental prophylaxis (DP) is effective in preventing periodontal inflammation; however, its association with diabetes outcomes remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the association between DP intensity and mortality and diabetes-related complications among adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (2005–2022). Adults aged 18–70 years with incident type 2 diabetes in 2007 were identified, with 2005-2006 as the washout period. Participants were followed from 2008 until death or December 31, 2022. Annual DP intensity …

An Artificial Intelligence Assisted Framework For Automated Quantified Root Canal Curvature Measurement On Periapical Radiographs, Ming-Yi Chen, Shih-Lun Chen, Yu-Jen Chang, Yuan-Jin Lin, Chiung-An Chen, Tsung-Yi Chen, Kuo-Chen Li, Wei-Chen Tu, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Root canal curvature is a complex anatomical variation that complicates endodontic treatments. Traditionally, dentists rely on two-dimensional periapical radiographs (PA) and manual methods to estimate curvature angles. However, this conventional approach is highly time-consuming and subjective, often leading to inconsistent measurements.

Materials and methods: This study aims to develop a fully automated, objective framework for precise angular measurement and severity grading of root canal curvature. The YOLO26n-seg model was employed to segment roots and classify single- or multi-rooted teeth from PA. Furthermore, we proposed an image processing algorithm that standardized orientation, extracted centerlines, and applied three-point circle fitting …

ผลของสัดส่วนอัตราไหลเข้าต่ออัตราไหลเวียนกลับที่มีต่อประสิทธิภาพ การบำบัดน้ำเสียชุมชนด้วยระบบบำบัดไร้อากาศแบบอีจีเอสบี, สุชัญญา ทองเครือ, ชวลิต รัตนธรรมสกุล

Applied Environmental Research

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของระบบบำบัดไร้อากาศแบบอีจีเอสบีในการบำบัดน้ำเสียชุมชน ประเภทอาคารเรียน จากอาคารเจริญวิศวกรรม คณะ วิศวกรรมศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย พบว่าเมื่อความเร็วไหลขึ้นคงที่เท่ากับ 4.5 ม./ชม. และเปลี่ยนแปลงสัดส่วนอัตราไหลเข้าต่ออัตราไหลเวียนกลับเป็น 1:3, 1:7, 1:1 และ 1:15 ระบบมีประสิทธิภาพในการกำจัดซีโอดีเฉลี่ยเท่ากับ 69.2, 72.6, 76.3 และ 74.6% ตามลำดับ ประสิทธิภาพในการกำจัดบีโอดีเฉลี่ยเท่ากับ 72.7, 73.5, 76.6 และ 75.6% ตามลำดับ และประสิทธิภาพในการกำจัดของแข็งแขวนลอยเฉลี่ยเท่ากับ 74.0, 77.4, 81.7 และ 73.3% ตามลำดับและคุณภาพน้ำทิ้งออกจากระบบอีจีเอสบีผ่านมาตรฐานน้ำทิ้งอาคาร

การกำจัดโครเมียมในน้ำเสียจากโรงงานฟอกหนังโดยวิธีการดูดซับทางชีวภาพ ด้วยพืชใบเลี้ยงคู่และพืชใบเลี้ยงเดี่ยว, พันธวัศ สัมพันธ์พานิช

Applied Environmental Research

การทดสอบความสามารถของการใช้วัชพืชที่พบในประเทศไทย เป็นการศึกษาการใช้เทคโนโลยีในการพื้นฟูสภาพพื้นที่ที่ปนเปื้อนโครเมียมในน้ำ การศึกษาเริ่มด้วยการสำรวจบริเวณพื้นที่โรงงานฟอกหนัง เพื่อคัดเลือกวัชพืชที่มีความสามารถบนพื้นฐานการสะสมโครเมียมสูงสุด วัชพืช 4 ชนิดที่ คัดเลือกใช้ในการศึกษาสามารถแบ่งออกได้เป็น 2 กลุ่มคือ 1) กลุ่มพืชใบเลี้ยงคู่ ได้แก่ ต้นก้างปลา (Phyllanthus reticulates) และต้นขลู่ (Pluchea indica) และ 2) กลุ่มพืชใบเลี้ยงเดี่ยว ได้แก่ หญ้าข้าวนก (Echinochloa colonum) และหญ้าแพรก (Cynodon dactylon) ซึ่งวัชพืชดังกล่าวที่ ใช้ในการศึกษาครั้งนี้ ได้เก็บรวบรวมมาจากพื้นที่ที่ไม่มีการปนเปื้อนของโลหะหนักโดยเฉพาะการปนเปื้อนจากโครเมียมในพื้นที่อำเภอบางปะหัน จังหวัดพระนครศรีอยุธยา และนำมาทำให้อยู่ในรูปของมวลชีวภาพ และทำการศึกษาบนแบตซ์ไอโซเทอม และการศึกษาบนคอลัมน์ โดยใช้น้ำเสียสังเคราะห์ที่มีความเข้มข้นของเฮกซะวาเลนท์โครเมียมเท่ากับ 50 มก./ล. ในการศึกษาพบว่า ใบของต้นก้างปลา ต้นขลู่ หญ้าข้าวนก และ หญ้าแพรก มีความสามารถในการดูดซับเฮกซะวาเลนท์โครเมียมสูงสุดเท่ากับ 53, 45, 37 และ 34 มก./ก.มวลชีวภาพ ที่ pH 2 ณ เวลาสมดุลที่ 24 ชม. นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่า ใบของมวลชีวภาพของวัชพืชทั้ง 4 ชนิดมี ความสามารถในการดูดซับโครเมียมดีที่สุด โดยเฉพาะใบของต้นขลู่มีความสามารถในการดูดซับเฮกซะวาเลนท์โครเมียมสูงสุด เท่ากับ 51.3 มก./ก.มวลชีวภาพที่ pH 2 ณ เวลาสมดุลที่ 102 ชม. อัตราการไหล 1.3 มล./นาที

Property Of Lignite Fly Ash As A Substitute Of Lime Materials And Ammonia Reduction In Water, Chumlong Arunlertaree

Applied Environmental Research

The present study investigates the use of lignite fly ash as a chemical to improve water quality in place of liming material. Two experiments were performed with freshwater and synthetic seawater. Improvement of water quality were measured by using pH and ammonia. The neutralizing value and the application rate of fly ash were studied. The results of the study indicate that the neutralizing value of fly ash is 70%, comparing to standard pure CaCO₃ 100%. The optimal dosage of fly ash to remove ammonia was 1 g/L. The maximum ammonia removal efficiency at 24 hours in freshwater, 30 ppt, …

การศึกษาอัตราส่วนความเข้มข้นก๊าซคาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์ ภายในและภายนอกอาคาร, อรุบล โชติพงศ์

Applied Environmental Research

ในการศึกษาอัตราส่วนความเข้มข้น ก๊าซคาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์ภายในและภายนอก อาคาร ได้ทำการศึกษาจากสถานีตรวจวัดที่ อยู่ในบริเวณเส้นทางจราจร เพื่อเปรียบเทียบความเข้มข้นของก๊าซคาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์ภายในและภายนอกอาคารบริเวณจุดที่อยู่ใกล้เส้นทางคมนาคม ในช่วงเวลา 8.00-16.00 น. ซึ่งเป็นช่วงเวลาที่ก๊าซคาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์มีความเข้มข้นสูง ผลการตรวจวัด พบว่าอัตราส่วนความเข้มข้นก๊าซคาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์ภายในและภายนอกอาคารทั้ง 4 สถานีที่ทำการศึกษา มีค่าเฉลี่ยอยู่ระหว่าง 0.43-0.77 โดยสถานีตรวจวัดบริเวณวัดชัยมงคลที่ตั้งอยู่บนถนนพระราม 1 ซึ่งเป็นถนนแคบมีอาคารสูงเรียงรายอยู่ทั้งสองฟากถนน และมีปริมาณการจราจรประมาณ 59,000 คัน/ชั่วโมง มีอัตราส่วนเข้มข้นก๊าซ คาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์ภายใน/ภายนอกอาคาร เท่ากับ 0.65 สถานีตรวจวัดที่ศูนย์บริการสาธารณสุข 42 บางมด เป็นอาคารที่อยู่ไกลจากถนนพระราม 2 ซึ่งเป็นถนนที่กว้าง มี อาคารไม่หนาแน่นและมีปริมาณการจราจร ประมาณ 88,000 คัน/ชั่วโมง มีอัตราส่วนก๊าซคาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์ภายใน/ภายนอกอาคารเท่ากับ 0.48 ขณะที่สถานีตรวจวัดที่มูลนิธิคนตาบอดแห่งประเทศไทย ซึ่งตั้งอยู่บริเวณสี่แยกตึกชัย มีถนนพระราม 6 และ ถนนราชวิถีขนาบทั้งสองด้าน และมีทางด่วนคร่อมทับบนถนนพระราม 6 อีกชั้นหนึ่ง มีปริมาณการจราจรผ่านบริเวณนี้ทั้งหมด ประมาณ 136,395 คัน/ชั่วโมง พบว่ามีอัตราส่วนความเข้มข้นก๊าซคาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์ ภายใน/ภายนอกอาคารเท่ากับ 0.77 ซึ่งสูง กว่าทุกบริเวณที่ทำการตรวจวัด ส่วนสถานีตรวจวัดที่โรงเรียนปวโรฬารซึ่งมีปริมาณการจราจรประมาณ 63,700 คัน/ชั่วโมง มีอัตราส่วนความเข้มข้นก๊าซคาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์ภายใน/ภายนอกเท่ากับ 0.43 ซึ่งน้อยกว่าทุกสถานี แม้ว่าสถานีตรวจวัดอยู่ห่างจากถนนเพียง 1 เมตรก็ตาม แต่มีรั้ว โรงเรียนที่สูงกั้นระหว่างถนนกับอาคารโรงเรียนจึงทำให้การแพร่กระจายของก๊าซคาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์เข้าสู่บริเวณภายในได้น้อยลง และจากการวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวน (Analysis of Varience) ของความเข้มข้น ก๊าซคาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์ไนทุกสถานีที่ทำการ ตรวจวัดพบว่า ความเข้มข้นก๊าซคาร์บอนมอ นอกไซด์โดยเฉลี่ยมีความแตกต่างกันระหว่างภายในและภายนอกอาคาร แต่ไม่มีความ แตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญระหว่างช่วง เวลาที่ตรวจวัด

The Development Of Environmental Education Model "Kapp" Concerning Natural Energy With Evaluation Model Cippif Via Mixed Media, Chaiyuth Laohachanakoor

Applied Environmental Research

The objective of the research was to develop the environmental education in knowledge, attitude, practice and participation on model “KAPP” concerning the natural energy with the evaluation model “CIPPIF” via mixed media. This research is the semi -experiential research by using three specific media channels; television (Thai Army Channel 5), radio (Bangkok F.M 101.0 MHz.) and internet (http:/www. deptofeducaton.net). The production of material was produced and broadcasted according to cost and nature of media.
The audiences from the television, radio, and internet were randomly selected to join a participation activity seminar which was hold at the end of the research. …

Teaching Digital Evangelism And Web Design As Redemptive Work For The Women Of The Northeastern Conference Of Seventh-Day Adventists, Brenda Michele Rhyne

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem.

The COVID-19 pandemic eliminated thousands of jobs, including positions held by women within the Northeastern Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. Unemployment and underemployment may contribute to diminished self-esteem and adverse mental-health outcomes. The problem of unemployment and underemployment is not simply economic—it is theological. For women in the Northeastern Conference, the lack of an ordered pathway to explore technology-related fields as a career option represents both an economic and a spiritual loss. A course combining technical and evangelistic training may promote members' involvement in evangelistic initiatives (i.e., TMI) while simultaneously providing technological skills. Also, women who do not regularly use …

Fault Tolerant Adaptive Control Under Actuator Saturation For Robot Manipulators, D. J. López-Araujo, N. Alvarez-Jarquin, P. Borja, A. T. Becker

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

In practice, actuators inherently have natural limitations that are often overlooked by theoretical control strategies, such as bounded output and discrepancies between calculated and actual responses. Consequently, reliable control techniques must be employed to ensure safe and dependable operation. We propose an adaptive control law for global regulation in the case of partial loss of effectiveness due to input faults. The proposed control strategy maintains the system at the desired configuration while accounting for the physical limitations of the actuators. Additionally, it is suitable for dealing with unknown parameters in the vector of gravitational forces, making it robust to these …

Angle-Based Formation Stabilization And Maneuvers In Port-Hamiltonian Form With Bearing And Velocity Measurements, Ningbo Li, Pablo Borja, Arjan Van Der Schaft, Jacquelien M.A. Scherpen

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

This paper proposes a port-Hamiltonian approach for angle-based formation stabilization and maneuvers using bearing and velocity measurements with an underlying triangulated Laman graph. The corresponding port-Hamiltonian controller is designed using virtual couplings on the errors of angle constraints in angle space. Then, the angle constraints and agent actuators are mapped by the constraint Jacobian, which can be applied to other formation constraints. In addition, to avoid unavailable distance terms in the control law, an estimator is designed based on port-Hamiltonian theory and the property that energy is coordinate-free for different sensor modalities using bearing and velocity measurements, which permits our …

Scope 3 Carbon Emissions Assessment For Manufacturing Smes, Kourosh Halat, Stephen Childe, Nick Golding, John Summerscales

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

This paper addresses the challenges facing managers of Small-andMedium-Size Enterprises (SMEs) when conducting environmental sustainability assessment at the value chain level, particularly Scope 3 Greenhouse Gases GHG) emissions. The paper investigates issues related to data availability and data quality for Scope 3 assessment and identifies dimensions of Scope 3 reliability.Utilising a series of in-depth case study analyses with SMEs in the south-west of England, UK, the paper fills a gap in supply chain sustainability research by identifying practical challenges. The findings show that SMEs encounter persistent difficulties in assessing emissions associated with purchased goods and services and downstream activities linked …

Usable Authentication: Are We There Yet?, Nathan Clarke, Steven Furnell

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

With technology increasingly embedded in everyday life, the demand for secure and usable authentication methods has never been greater. Traditional password-based systems continue to dominate, despite well-known usability and security challenges. This paper explores the evolution of user authentication technologies, from secret knowledge and tokens to biometrics and emerging approaches such as Passkeys. It critically evaluates the extent to which usability has been achieved, identifying both successes—such as biometrics integrated into smartphones—and persistent issues, including inconsistent guidance, ecosystem dependence, and accessibility barriers. Drawing on academic and commercial developments, the discussion highlights the growing burden on users who must authenticate across …

Heat Transfer From A Partially Buried Circular Cylinder In Oscillatory Flow, H. Thomas, R. Stuhlmeier, A. G.L. Borthwick, S. Michele

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

With the growing abundance of man-made cylindrical structures located on or close to the seabed, it is important to be able to assess their potential environmental impact. Herein, a model is presented of the viscous-thermal boundary layer in the vicinity of a circular cylinder resting on, or partially buried in, an otherwise flat seabed. To model the influence of wave-induced motions near such a cylinder, we assume oscillatory flow in which the water particle displacements are small with respect to the cylinder radius. A perturbation expansion is utilised to derive solutions of the boundary layer equations, leading to analytical solutions …

Diagnosing Long-Term Divergence In Build Back Better Outcomes In Low- And Lower-Middle-Income Communities, E. A. Opabola, M. Baiguera, A. Raby, T. Rossetto, A. Pomonis, E. Meilianda, Y. Idris, S. Nurdin, K. Adams, D. J. Mcgovern, N. Acikgoz, H. Mistry, F. Marafini

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Low-income communities in disaster-prone regions face persistent challenges in translating post-disaster recovery investments into sustained resilience, as they navigate trade-offs among engineering objectives, policy constraints, and evolving socio-economic needs. Despite the widespread adoption of Build Back Better (BBB) principles, evidence on the long-term sustainability of outcomes remains limited, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income contexts. This study examines the sustainability of BBB outcomes in two Indonesian case studies: Banda Aceh (approximately 18 years after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami) and Central Sulawesi (approximately 4 years after the 2018 earthquake, liquefaction, and tsunami). Drawing on structured housing assessments, household surveys, semi-structured interviews, …

01.01.14. Mallard Hybrids, K. M. Mcbride, A. Auger, A. T. Fanning, Ann Hodgson, Florida Ornithological Society

01.01. <em>Anatidae</em> - Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl

The Mallard complex of ducks is a suite of 14 closely related species found throughout the world whose genetics are just beginning to be understood. Within the complex, the wild-type mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the sole ancestor to most domesticated ducks.

Enhancing Offshore Wind Resource Assessment Through Neural Network-Based Hf Radar Data Analysis, Nikolas Martzikos, Matthew Craven, David Walker, Daniel Conley

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The increasing demand for offshore wind energy underscores the need for accurate wind speed estimation to support the design and operation of offshore wind farms. High-Frequency Radar (HFR), a widely used remote sensing technology in oceanographic research, offers promising potential for wind resource assessment, particularly in areas where conventional measurements are limited. This study explores the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for offshore wind speed prediction using HFR-derived data, addressing key challenges in model development and training. A key feature of this approach is the use of a decade-long dataset from the Celtic Sea, off the southwest UK coast, …

Next-Generation Virtual Environment Training For Cybersecurity In The Maritime Logistics Industry: A Position Paper, Tyler Cheng, Rory Hopcraft, Kimberly Tam, Ji-Jian Chin

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The maritime logistics industry is the most dependent on it in the modern world, yet it is not well protected against cyber risks. Recently, the maritime industry has been transitioning into industry-specific tech, and threats of cyberattacks are increasing as the adoption of technology and automation continues. One of the most effective methods to protect industries and ships from such security incidents, is to train seafarers to mitigate and handle such incidents. However, to the best of our knowledge, we did not find anything that addresses this gap. This article will present the idea and benefits of using virtual environments …

Rapid Electrochemical Biosensor With Enhanced Accuracy And Repeatability Using Pyrene Nhs Ester Modified 3d Graphene Electrodes, S. Nazir, D. Jenkins, G. Pan

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

A consistent and reproducible chemical modification of the transducer interface is essential to ensure effectiveimmobilization of bioreceptors, thereby improving the sensitivity and reproducibility of biosensors. Althoughnotable progress has been made in fabricating graphene-based biosensors, the effects of surface biofunctionalization on sensing performance remain not fully understood. This study shows that combining threedimensional (3D) graphene foam electrodes with a straightforward, single-step surface biofunctionalizationmethod is key to enhancing the performance of graphene-based biosensors. Specifically, it presents a single-stepapproach to functionalize the 3D graphene foam (Gii-Sens) with 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimideester (Pyrene-NHS ester). Electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulsevoltammetry (DPV), confirmed …

Biocompatibility Of Silver And Hydroxyapatite Antimicrobial Nanocoatings On Titanium Alloy Dental Implants With Human Gingival Fibroblasts, S Morgan, R D Handy, V M Salih, R N Salaie, C J Tredwin, A Besinis

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

OBJECTIVES: Peri-implantitis compromises soft and hard tissues around dental implants, often leading to implant failure. Antibacterial nanocoatings offer a promising infection control strategy, but maintaining biocompatibility is essential. This study investigated, through a range of assays and analytical techniques, the biocompatibility of antimicrobial silver and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocoatings applied to titanium implants with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

METHODS: Silver and hydroxyapatite nanocoatings were applied to the surface of titanium alloy specimens using electroplating, deposition and sintering techniques. The biocompatibility of the nanocoatings with HGFs was assessed by measuring cell metabolic activity (alamarBlue), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, collagen production (Sircol assay), …

Global Manta And Devil Ray Population Declines: Closing Policy And Management Gaps To Reduce Fisheries Mortality, Betty J.L. Laglbauer, Nidhi G. D'Costa, Joshua D. Stewart, Marta D. Palacios, Melissa Cronin, Daniel Fernando, Nerea Lezama-Ochoa, Asia O. Armstrong, Rima W. Jabado, Sarah Fowler, Julia M. Lawson, Olga Koubrak, Jefferson Murua, Thanda Ko Gyi, Divya Karnad, Mayuri Chopra, Giuseppe Notarbartolo-Di-Sciara, Joshua Rambahiniarison, Don Croll, Stefany Rojas, Abdulaziz Fahmi, Joanna L. Harris, Alifa Binthe Haque, Hilario Murua, Juan Carlos Pérez-Jiménez, Emily Humble, Ellen Barrowclift, Muhammad G. Salim, Godefroy De Bruyne, Issah Seidu

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Significant progress has been made in advancing priority actions to conserve manta and devil rays, yet implementation and enforcement of protective measures often fall short, leaving most mobulid populations at risk of overfishing. Drawing on a literature review, fisheries databases, agency reports, and expert interviews, we assess global trends in mobulid catch and mortality. We examine both targeted and incidental catch, in small (<15 m, ‘SV’) and large (>15 m, ‘LV’) vessel fisheries to identify hotspots with the highest risk of fisheries-related mortality and population decline. We estimate global fisheries catch at 264,520 (184,407–344,987) mobulids per year, with SV fisheries accounting for 87 % …

Growth In The Margins: Field Measured Protein Metabolism Rates In The Common Limpet, Patella Vulgata, Ignacio A. Cienfuegos, Benjamin J. Ciotti, Richard A. Billington, Paul A. Sutton, Keiron P.P. Fraser

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Intertidal shores are characterised by a high variability in abiotic conditions, resulting in marked daily, tidal, seasonal and vertical differences in stress conditions, yet our ability to understand the consequences for key physiological processes at corresponding scales are limited. In particular, no previous studies have directly measured protein metabolism, the key process underpinning animal growth, in the field, in any organism. We measured whole-animal (SGR) and tissue (TSGR) mass growth, protein metabolism (synthesis (k_s), degradation (k_d) and growth (k_g)), RNA to protein ratios and oxidative stress in Patella vulgata in the field every season …

Testing The Transferability Of Ai Models For Cold-Water Coral Detection And Classification, Kyran P. Graves, Louise Allcock, David K.A. Barnes, Amelia E.H. Bridges, Kerry L. Howell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The proliferation of accessible deep-water imaging platforms has resulted in the acquisition of vast amounts of image data, resulting in an analysis bottleneck. Object detection is now being applied to assist the image annotation process, with the potential to reduce analysis time. However, for object detectors to effectively tackle the scale of the challenge, models need to be generalisable to allow the transfer between imaging platforms and in space. This study trains YOLOv5 object detection models to identify six coral morphology groups using annotated imagery collected by ROV ISIS in the UK (JC136). Model performance was tested with independent datasets …

Three Christmas Island Land Crabs Do Not Alter Extracellular Magnesium In Response To Acute Reduced Temperature, Katie N.G. Thiessen, Helena C. Reinardy, John I. Spicer, Lucy M. Turner

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Magnesium is essential to numerous biological processes in many species. Including protecting intracellular pH and ATP concentrations during temperature and anoxia stress. Extracellular [Mg²⁺] is tightly regulated in many, but not all crustaceans. There is evidence that extracellular [Mg²⁺] content may be open to environmental influence such as temperature. The alteration of extracellular [Mg²⁺] in decapod crustaceans in response to temperature has been proposed, with individuals exposed to low temperature often displaying an increase in extracellular [Mg²⁺]. However, data, supporting or refuting this hypothesis, are sparse and drawn mainly from temperate and …

On The Edge Of Science?: Commentary On Birch On Edge Of Sentience, Mark Briffa, Lynne U. Sneddon

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

In The Edge of Sentience, Jonathan Birch (2024) provides a thought-provokingsynthesis of current perspectives on animal (and artificial) sentience. He addresses the question from conceptual, ethical, regulatory and empirical viewpoints. Here we focus on some of the scientific issues raised, including defining and operationalising the concept of sentience and the implications for policy and regulation. Despite unresolved conceptual challenges, the book makes a compelling case for the continued scientific investigation of animal sentience.