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Articles 57961 - 57990 of 65727
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Chapter 15 - Guilty Pleas: Preparing For And Conducting Plea Negotiations; Counseling The Client About A Plea Offer, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 15 - Guilty Pleas: Preparing For And Conducting Plea Negotiations; Counseling The Client About A Plea Offer, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
This chapter examines the processes by which counsel prepares for and conducts plea negotiations with the prosecutor and advises the client about a bargained plea. The chapter leads off with a discussion (in § 15.2) of the relative roles of counsel and client in deciding whether the client should plead guilty rather contesting a criminal charge. Part B (§§ 15.3-15.7) discusses the benefits and costs to a defendant of resolving a criminal charge by pleading guilty. It then reviews the factors that counsel should consider in developing an advantageous plea bargain to propose to the prosecutor or in assessing a …
Chapter 8 - Dealings With The Police And Prosecutor, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 8 - Dealings With The Police And Prosecutor, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
Counsel should usually establish contact with the investigating officers as early as possible in the course of a case. Thereafter, s/he should speak to them whenever the needs of the client dictate. Similarly, counsel should establish contact with the prosecuting attorney as soon as one is assigned to the case and should communicate with him or her periodically thereafter. The purposes of these contacts are (a) to learn as much as possible about the charges against the defendant (those already lodged and others that may later be lodged) and potential prosecution evidence; about the temperament of the prosecutor and of …
Chapter 21 - Removing The Case From The Criminal Court’S Docket: Motions For Diversion, Acd, Or Stetting; Transfer To Juvenile Court; Deferred Adjudication, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 21 - Removing The Case From The Criminal Court’S Docket: Motions For Diversion, Acd, Or Stetting; Transfer To Juvenile Court; Deferred Adjudication, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
As noted in §§ 2.3.6 and 8.2.2 supra, many localities have more or less formal procedures for “diverting” criminal cases out of the system. Such diversion procedures go by different names in different jurisdictions (including “adjournment in contemplation of dismissal” (“ACD”) and “stetting”)
Chapter 22 - Change Of Venue Or For Disqualification Of The Judge, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 22 - Change Of Venue Or For Disqualification Of The Judge, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
The general principles governing initial venue in criminal cases are sketched in § 20.5 supra. As that section indicates, a charging paper filed in the wrong venue is usually subject to a motion to quash or to dismiss. In some jurisdictions, however, the defendant’s remedy may be merely a motion for transfer to the court of proper venue. Statutes, court rules, local practice, canons of judicial ethics, and opinions rendered by a jurisdiction’s professional-ethics committee or agency provide varying grounds and procedures for objecting to a particular judge’s presiding at trial or on pretrial matters.
Chapter 19 - Motions Practice In General, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 19 - Motions Practice In General, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
The following sections deal solely with non-evidentiary motions hearings, describing the procedures followed in such hearings and suggesting approaches to take in arguing motions. Techniques for conducting evidentiary hearings on motions to suppress are covered in Chapter 24; and much of the tactical advice offered in that chapter applies to other evidentiary motions hearings as well. See, e.g., §§ 24.2, 24.4-24.6 infra; and see § 18.1 concluding paragraph supra.
Chapter 27 - Motions To Suppress Identification Testimony, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 27 - Motions To Suppress Identification Testimony, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
This chapter examines the various doctrines governing suppression or exclusion of identification testimony. Procedural requirements governing suppression motions and strategic considerations in drafting the motions are discussed in §§ 17.3-17.11. Techniques for conducting a suppression hearing are discussed in Chapter 24.
Chapter 28 - Defense Motions To Advance Or For A Continuance; Motions To Dismiss For Want Of Prosecution; Speedy Trial Motions, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 28 - Defense Motions To Advance Or For A Continuance; Motions To Dismiss For Want Of Prosecution; Speedy Trial Motions, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
Statutes or court rules establish criminal terms of court, at which the principal criminal business is done. Local practice may or may not allow the handling of particular phases of criminal cases out of term, such as the hearing and disposition of pretrial motions or the entry of a guilty plea and reference of the defendant for presentence investigation. Magistrates and justices of the peace ordinarily sit continually throughout the year; and in the courts of record, matters that are handled by ancillary procedures such as habeas corpus are never confined to the criminal terms.
Chapter 30 - Retaining And Working With Expert Consultants And Potential Expert Witnesses, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 30 - Retaining And Working With Expert Consultants And Potential Expert Witnesses, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
There is a host of types of experts that may be useful in a criminal case. For some examples, see § 5.2 seventh paragraph supra.
Chapter 29 - Defense Trial Preparation, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 29 - Defense Trial Preparation, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
Defense trial preparation culminates in the selection of the witnesses and evidence that will be presented at the trial (and, where applicable, at any pretrial evidentiary motions hearings such as suppression hearings (see Chapters 24-27 supra) and hearings on motions in limine (see § 17.5.3 supra)). Counsel must be wide-ranging in the search for sources of proof but highly selective in what s/he actually puts on at pretrial hearings and at trial. It is vital that s/he have an integrated theory of defense and that the evidence be tightly organized so that the defense theory will come across clearly in …
Chapter 18 - Pretrial Discovery; The Pretrial Conference, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 18 - Pretrial Discovery; The Pretrial Conference, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
As a matter of practice, criminal discovery involves two processes or phases: informal and formal discovery. Most prosecutors are willing to hand over to the defense upon request certain categories of materials which it is clear that a court would order the prosecutor to divulge if the defense made a motion to discover them. Informal discovery devices (such as the discovery letter (see § 18.5 infra) and the discovery conference (see § 18.6 infra)) provide a quick route to obtaining this material. When the informal devices fail because the prosecutor refuses voluntarily to divulge information requested by the defense, counsel …
Chapter 31 - Interlocutory Review Of Pretrial Rulings By Means Of Prerogative Writs, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 31 - Interlocutory Review Of Pretrial Rulings By Means Of Prerogative Writs, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
Yet in virtually every State there are excellent doctrinal bases to support interlocutory review. Appellate courts are generally given by statute the power to issue the prerogative writs of mandamus and prohibition. Traditionally, the writs lie to compel (in the case of mandamus) or to prohibit (in the case of prohibition) action by an inferior court that is conducting any proceeding in a manner rendered unlawful by lack of jurisdiction or gross abuse of discretion. Many pretrial rulings in criminal cases would seem susceptible of being brought within the framework of these concepts.
Chapter 26 - Motions To Suppress Confessions, Admissions, And Other Statements Of The Defendant, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 26 - Motions To Suppress Confessions, Admissions, And Other Statements Of The Defendant, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
The doctrines described in this chapter supply grounds for suppressing not only confessions but any statement by the defendant – “whether inculpatory or exculpatory – that the prosecution may seek to introduce at trial” (Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. 291, 301 n.5 (1980) (emphasis in original); see also Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 476-77 (1966)).
Chapter 35 - Opening Statements, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 35 - Opening Statements, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
Immediately after the attorneys announce that they are ready to begin trial and before the first witness is called, the prosecuting and defense attorneys (in that order) are permitted to make opening statements, sometimes called opening arguments or opening speeches.
Chapter 33 - Selecting The Jury At Trial: The Voir Dire, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 33 - Selecting The Jury At Trial: The Voir Dire, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
The procedures described in §§ 32.3-32.3.4 supra carried the process of selecting a trial jury up to the point at which a panel of jurors is ushered into the courtroom on the day of trial. The final step in the process, by which the actual trial jurors (and alternates) are selected from the panel, is known as the voir dire examination. It is the stage at which a great number of criminal cases are won or lost. For a discussion of voir dire practices that are useful in selecting jurors who are most likely to give defendants a fair trial, …
Chapter 20 - Motions To Quash Or Dismiss The Charging Paper, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 20 - Motions To Quash Or Dismiss The Charging Paper, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
There are numerous grounds for moving to quash or dismiss a charging paper or one or more of its counts. The chapter discusses a number of them.
Chapter 34 - Trial: General Characteristics, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 34 - Trial: General Characteristics, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
Ordinarily a criminal trial cannot be held in absentia. See Drope v. Missouri, 420 U.S. 162, 182 (1975). The defendant “has a right to be present at all important stages of trial” (McKaskle v. Wiggins, 465 U.S. 168, 178 (1984) (dictum)). In most jurisdictions the right derives from several sources. It is often conferred by statute or rule of court (see, e.g., Crosby v. United States, 506 U.S. 255 (1993)); it is held to be protected by the common state constitutional guarantees of due process and of confrontation; and it is protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth …
Chapter 37 - Handling Prosecution Witnesses, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 37 - Handling Prosecution Witnesses, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
The right to a “searching and wide-ranging cross-examination” is widely recognized by the courts (State v. Thaden, 210 Neb. 622, 627, 316 N.W.2d 317, 321 (1982)).
Chapter 42 - Instructions To The Jury; Defense Requests To Charge, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 42 - Instructions To The Jury; Defense Requests To Charge, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
In many jurisdictions it is customary or obligatory, prior to the lawyers’ closing arguments, for the judge to confer with the prosecutor and defense counsel to determine what the jury will be charged (or to “settle the instructions,” as it is often called). See, e.g., United States v. Melhuish, 6 F.4th 380, 392 (2d Cir. 2021) (dictum) (“[w]e have ‘repeatedly held that defense counsel should be afforded the opportunity to review a proposed jury instruction’”). This may be done as a matter of routine, or counsel may have to request a conference if s/he wants one.
Chapter 43 - Closing Arguments, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 43 - Closing Arguments, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
As a general matter, the closing arguments of the attorneys recapitulate the theories of each party and attempt to justify the inferences and conclusions that each feels should be drawn from the evidence. In almost all jurisdictions, the prosecutor argues first and defense counsel second. In some jurisdictions the prosecutor is always permitted to rebut and thereby have the last word; in other jurisdictions the prosecutor is permitted to rebut only if the defense has presented evidence. Some judges will permit surrebuttal argument by the defense when the prosecutor has obviously sandbagged and reserved most of his or her substantive …
Chapter 32 - Election Or Waiver Of Jury Trial; Pretrial Matters Relating To The Jury, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 32 - Election Or Waiver Of Jury Trial; Pretrial Matters Relating To The Jury, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
The present chapter deals with aspects of the right to jury trial that require counsel’s attention before trial begins. Chapter 33 discusses matters relating to the selection of jurors at the outset of a trial. Implications of the Sixth Amendment right to jury trial for later stages of the case are taken up in the chapters dealing with those stages. For example, the principle that the Sixth Amendment, “in conjunction with the Due Process Clause, requires that each element of a crime be proved to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt” (Hurst v. Florida, 577 U.S. 92, 97 (2016)) limits …
Chapter 45 - The Jury's Deliberations And Verdict, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 45 - The Jury's Deliberations And Verdict, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
(A) In some jurisdictions, once the jury’s deliberations have begun, the jurors are not permitted to separate until a verdict has been reached. If a verdict cannot be reached before a normal mealtime or day’s end, deliberations may be stopped with the permission of the court, and the jury will be fed or housed under the supervision of court attendants. Although the jury is kept together during these recesses, it is not permitted to deliberate outside the jury room.
Chapter 47 - Postverdict Proceedings, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 47 - Postverdict Proceedings, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
Once the verdict is recorded, the court may be permitted to impose sentence immediately, or to proceed immediately to a more or less formal sentencing hearing, or to defer sentencing with or without ordering a presentence investigation.
Chapter 41 - Renewed Motion For Acquittal, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 41 - Renewed Motion For Acquittal, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
At the close of all the evidence, the defendant moves for a judgment of acquittal (or a “directed verdict of acquittal,” as local practice may style it). This is a renewal of the motion previously made at the close of the prosecution’s case and raises the same legal issue. See Chapter 38. However, the issue is now decided on the basis of the evidence presented by both parties. See, e.g., United States v. Lawrence, 471 F.3d 135, 139-43 (D.C. Cir. 2006) (stating the general rule that “[i]f the defendant moves for a judgment of acquittal at the close of all …
Chapter 25 - Motions To Suppress Tangible Evidence, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 25 - Motions To Suppress Tangible Evidence, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
Rather than attempt still another doctrinal discourse, this chapter approaches the law of search and seizure from a different angle. After a brief description of the major constitutional guarantees that defense counsel may invoke to challenge the legality of police searches and seizures and thereby the admissibility of prosecution evidence produced by those activities (§ 25.2 infra), the text sets out a checklist of questions that counsel can ask and answer (with minimal investigation) about the facts of any particular case s/he is handling (§ 25.3 infra). The references following each question will direct counsel to subsequent sections containing functional …
Index Of Subjects, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Index Of Subjects, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
References are to section numbers.
Chapter 49 - Post-Sentencing: Motion For Reduction Of Sentence; Appeal And Postconviction Proceedings; Probation And Parole Revocation Proceedings, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Chapter 49 - Post-Sentencing: Motion For Reduction Of Sentence; Appeal And Postconviction Proceedings; Probation And Parole Revocation Proceedings, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
In many jurisdictions, the trial judge is permitted to entertain a motion for reduction of sentence during a specified period after the sentence has been pronounced. This Manual is intended as an aid in representing clients in the criminal trial process; post-judgment proceedings are beyond its purview. The purpose of this section is merely to identify the principal corrective procedures that are available to a defendant following conviction and sentencing to obtain appellate or collateral review of the conviction and/or sentence.
Table Of Cases And Other Authorities, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Table Of Cases And Other Authorities, Anthony G. Amsterdam, Randy A. Hertz
Trial Manual for the Defense of Criminal Cases
References are to section numbers.
Pride And Portrayal: The Effects Of Gender Identity And Generational Cohort On Lgbtq+ Perceptions Of Media Coverage, Dang H. Le
Communication Theses - Archive
Public debates over LGBTQ+ issues have intensified in the United States in recent years, placing news media at the center of conflicts over representation, fairness, and credibility. While a substantial body of research has analyzed how LGBTQ+ people are portrayed in news coverage, far less attention has been paid to how LGBTQ+ audiences themselves evaluate that coverage. Understanding these perceptions is increasingly important as declining trust in journalism intersects with political polarization and ongoing policy debates surrounding LGBTQ+ rights. This study examines how generational cohorts and gender identity shape LGBTQ+ audiences’ perceptions of news coverage quality, perceived media hostility, and …
Contractors State License Board, Konstantin Huck, Katie Gonzalez, Marcus Friedman
Contractors State License Board, Konstantin Huck, Katie Gonzalez, Marcus Friedman
California Regulatory Law Reporter
No abstract provided.
Public Utilities Commission, Azad Hassan Khanzadeh Faal, Kelly Downes, Annika Kjos, Marcus Friedman
Public Utilities Commission, Azad Hassan Khanzadeh Faal, Kelly Downes, Annika Kjos, Marcus Friedman
California Regulatory Law Reporter
No abstract provided.